The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.

org)

Solutions to Exercise 5.2

(Ho Soo Thong, David Khor Nyak Hiong and Yan
Kow Cheong’s Additional Maths 360 ‒ ISBN
9789810117481)

Solved by:
Dr Lee Chu Keong
(ascklee@gmail.com)

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Exercise 5.2 (p. 124‒125)

Basic (Questions 16)
Question 1(a)

(2 − 𝑥)3 = 23 + (3) 22 (−𝑥)1 + (3) 21 (−𝑥)2 + (3) 20 (−𝑥)3

1 2 3
= 8 + 12(−𝑥) + 6(𝑥 2 ) − 𝑥 3
= 8 − 12𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3

Question 1(b)

(𝑥 + 2𝑦)3 = 𝑥 3 + (3) 𝑥2 (2𝑦)1 + (3) 𝑥1 (2𝑦)2 + (3) 𝑥0 (2𝑦)3

1 2 3
3 2 2 3
= 𝑥 + 6𝑥 𝑦 + 12𝑥𝑦 + 8𝑦

Question 1(c)
(2 + 𝑥 2 )5 = (2)5 + (5) (2)4 (𝑥 2 ) + (5) (2)3 (𝑥 2 )2 + (5) (2)2 (𝑥 2 )3 + (5) (2)(𝑥 2 )4 + (5) (𝑥 2 )5
1 2 3 4 5
= 32 + 5(16)𝑥 2 + 10(8)𝑥 4 + 10(4)𝑥 6 + 5(2)𝑥 8 + 1(𝑥 10 )
= 32 + 80𝑥 2 + 80𝑥 4 + 40𝑥 6 + 10𝑥 8 + 𝑥 10

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Question 2(a)
1 5 5 1 5 1 2 5 1 3
(4 − 𝑥) = (4) + ( ) (4) (− 𝑥) + ( ) (4) (− 𝑥) + ( ) (4) (− 𝑥) + ⋯
5 4 3 2
2 1 2 2 2 3 2
1 1 2 1 3
= 1024 + 5(256) (− 𝑥) + 10(64) (− 𝑥) + 10(16) (− 𝑥) + ⋯
2 2 2
1 1 1
= 1024 + 1280 (− 𝑥) + 640 ( 𝑥2 ) + 160 (− 𝑥3 ) + ⋯
2 4 8
= 1024 − 640𝑥 + 160𝑥2 − 20𝑥3 + ⋯

Question 2(b)
12
1 1 12 12 1
11
12 1
10
12 1
9
( + 𝑥 2 ) = ( ) + ( ) ( ) (𝑥 2 ) + ( ) ( ) (𝑥 2 )2 + ( ) ( ) (𝑥 2 )3 + ⋯
2 2 1 2 2 2 3 2
1 1 1 1
= + 12 ( ) (𝑥 2 ) + 66 ( ) (𝑥4 ) + 220 ( ) (𝑥6 ) + ⋯
4096 2048 1024 512
1 3 2 33 4 55 6
= + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 +⋯
4096 512 512 128

Question 2(c)
8
1 1 8 8 1 7 8 1 6 8 1 5
( − 2𝑥 ) = ( ) + ( ) ( ) (−2𝑥 ) + ( ) ( ) (−2𝑥 ) + ( ) ( ) (−2𝑥 2 )3 + ⋯
2 2 2 2
2𝑥 2𝑥 1 2𝑥 2 2𝑥 3 2𝑥
1 1 7 1 6 1 5
= + 8( ) (−2𝑥 2 ) + 28 ( ) (4𝑥4 ) + 56 ( ) (−8𝑥6 ) + ⋯
256𝑥 8 2𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥
1 1 1 1
= + 8( ) (−2𝑥 2 ) + 28 ( ) (4𝑥4 ) + 56 ( ) (−8𝑥6 ) + ⋯
256𝑥8 128𝑥7 64𝑥6 32𝑥5
1 1 7
= − + − 14𝑥 + ⋯
256𝑥8 8𝑥5 4𝑥2

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Question 3(a)
(𝑥 + 2𝑦)5 ; 𝑛 = 5
𝑛
𝑇𝑟+1 = ( ) 𝑥 𝑛−𝑟 𝑦 𝑟
𝑟
5
= ( ) 𝑥 5−𝑟 (2𝑦)𝑟
𝑟

Question 3(b)
(2𝑥 − 3)10
𝑛 = 10
𝑛
𝑇𝑟+1 = ( ) 𝑥10−𝑟 𝑦 𝑟
𝑟
10
= ( ) 𝑥10−𝑟 (2𝑦)𝑟
𝑟

Question 3(c)

2
1 13
(3𝑥 − )
2𝑦

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Intermediate (Questions 717)

Question 8

𝑥 7
(2 − ) =
2

Question 9

(1 − 2𝑥)9 =
(𝑥 + 2)5 =

Question 10
(2𝑥 − 1)6 = (1 − 2𝑥)6
6 6 6 6 6
= 1 + ( ) (−2𝑥) + ( ) (−2𝑥)2 + ( ) (−2𝑥)3 + ( ) (−2𝑥)4 + ( ) (−2𝑥)5
1 2 3 4 5
6
+ ( ) (−2𝑥)6
6
= 1 + 6(−2𝑥) + 15(−2𝑥)2 + 20(−2𝑥)3 + 15(−2𝑥)4 + 6(−2𝑥)5 + 1(−2𝑥)6

Question 11
5
1 1 5 5 1
4
5 1
3
5 1
2
( − 2𝑥) = ( ) + ( ) ( ) (−2𝑥) + ( ) ( ) (−2𝑥)2 + ( ) ( ) (−2𝑥)3 + ⋯
2 2 1 2 2 2 3 2
1 1 1 5 1
= + 5 ( ) (−2𝑥) + 10 ( ) (4𝑥 2 ) + ( ) ( ) (−8𝑥 3 ) …
32 16 8 3 4
1 5
= − 𝑥 + 5𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 3 + ⋯
32 8
1 5
( − 𝑥 + 5𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 3 + ⋯ ) (1 + 𝑎𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 )
32 8
Coefficient of 𝑥 2 :
3 5 13
− 𝑎+5=
32 8 2
5 3 13
𝑎 =5+ −
8 32 2

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45
=−
32
9
𝑎=−
4
Coefficient of 𝑥 3 :
15 15 9
− + 5𝑎 − 20 = − + 5 (− ) − 20
8 8 4
15 45
=− − − 20
8 4
1
= −33
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Advanced (Questions 1821)

Question 18(i)

Question 18(ii)

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Question 19

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Question 20(i)

Question 20(ii)

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Question 21(i)

Question 21(ii)
𝑝𝑟 2(𝑛 − 2)
=
𝑞 2 3(𝑛 − 1)

8(36) 2(𝑛 − 2)
=
(24)2 3(𝑛 − 1)
864 𝑛−2
=
1152 𝑛 − 1

864𝑛 − 864 = 1152𝑛 − 2304

2304 − 864 = 1152𝑛 − 864𝑛
1440 = 288𝑛
1440
𝑛=
288
=5

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Question 21

Dr. Lee is an experienced teacher who has taught at the

Singapore and Temasek Polytechnics. He currently teaches
at the Nanyang Technological University. A chemical
engineer by training, Dr. Lee feels that everyone benefits
from a solid grounding in mathematics, and that this
grounding can only be obtained through sufficient practice
on a variety of question types.
The solutions to each question are developed with care with
the idea of deepening the student’s number sense and
strengthening his basic technique of solving mathematical
problems. To this end, great attention has been paid to the
steps and explanations leading to the final answer.
Dr. Lee is the founder of several mathematics-related
initiatives, and can be contacted at ascklee@gmail.com.

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