II.

ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT AND TOOLS
.

© Carmen Teodosiu
 Environmental management

„ The term "management" defines the exercise of the function of

planning, organization, direct management, control,
supervision
supe so o of aanyy p
project
oject o
or industrial
dust a act
activity
ty o
or bus
business
ess with
t
accountability for results (Webster Dictionary)

„ Environmental management is a generic term that describes the

complex approach to the environmental problems requires
interdisciplinary collaboration and most often co-ordination, in terms
of strategies, at regional, national or international level

„ Integrated environmental management approach aims in a global

context of economic relations units with the environment , with the
purpose to reduce the negative effects of human activities on
the environment and, in general the inclusion
of environmental protection requirements in all specific sectors of
the economic activities following also the assurance of product
quality,
lit consumer protection
t ti and d personnell involved
i l d in
i
manufacturing
© Carmen Teodosiu
 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

„ According to ISO 14001: "An environmental

management system is a component of the general
management system which includes the organisational
structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices,
procedures processes and resources for developing,
procedures, developing
implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the
environmental policy”

© Carmen Teodosiu
 The objectives of EMS application
„ identification and control of environmental aspects, impacts and relevant
risks in the company;
„ meet the environmental policy,
policy objectives and targets
targets, including compliance
with environmental legislation;
„ definition of a set of basic principles to guide future activities aimed at the
environmental
e o e a responsibilities;
espo s b es;
„ establishment of environmental performance increases to the company,
based on a cost-benefit balance;
„ definition of the
responsibilities, authority and procedures to ensure each employee's
involvement of the company in reducing the negative environmental
impacts;
„ achievement
hi t off an effective
ff ti systemt off communication
i ti inside
i id
the company and ensuring proper training of personnel;
„ improving domestic and international competitiveness;
„ avoidance of environmental issues when entering new processes;
„ development of new products, more widely accepted;
„ company training to join opportunities or investors
© Carmen Teodosiu
 Deming principle on continuous improvement

„ In essence, an EMS responds

to the principle of continuous
Plan
improvement approach of
managerial
performance based on the Improve Perform
principle
of Deming, namely: ”Plan,
Perform, Check, Improve” Check
(“Plan, Do, Check, Act”)

© Carmen Teodosiu
 The basic features of an EMS
Feature Description
Precision EMS must not contain ambiguities. The objectives of the
environmental management and who has an important role for each
objective will be clearly indicated.
Systematic System components should not be addressed separately. They will be
organisation connected into a coherent scheme, easy to understand and apply.

Realism EMS must be adapted to the particularities of the

organization, its specific environmental issues, human and
material resources at its disposal, its historical and cultural specific.

Complexity EMS will cover all activities and all staff of the Organization

With accurate EMS will be designed and implemented so that each managerial level
addressing to of the Organization to be directly involved, with its own tasks and
each decision responsibilities. Should be provide very clear who needs what
level information and at what time.

© Carmen Teodosiu
 The basic features of an EMS–further.
Feature Description
With complete EMS should be designed and implemented to ensure a
registration written record of all data and actions. This aspect
will be considered throughout the design EMS.

Integrated/ It is important for EMS to be as much integrated

integrable to environmental management systems already existing in the
organization and should be designed to allow further integration
of other/with other management systems that will
be implemented.

Flexible/ EMS must be able to respond quickly and appropriately to the

Dynamic technical and organizational changes appeared in the
organization to ensure a dynamic process of adaptation and
renewal.

To ensure continu EMS should provide a continuous feedback of results on

ous improvement the system itself and on the management staff.
staff

© Carmen Teodosiu
 The evolution of environmental management systems
„ BS 7750 standard
… The world's first standard on environmental management, being developed in
1992 by the British Standards Institute (BSI) and titled "Specification for
Environmental Management
g Systems”.
y
… Presents an approach similar to that of the standards (existing at that time) on
quality management, BS 5750 and BS EN ISO 9000,
… Standard BS 7750 was checked for one year and due of the results obtained
and the favorable comments made by various organizations, was revised in
1994 aiming the compatibility with the Environmental Management System and
1994,
Audit (SMMA) that has just emerged.

„ EMAS Regulation
… Eco Management and Audit Scheme is the name of the European
CommissionRegulation nr.1836/93 for environmental
management systems and auditing (SMMA) also known as the Eco-
Audit Regulation.
… It allows voluntary participation and adherence to European companies in the
i d t i l sector
industrial t off the
th Community
C it eco-managementt scheme
h and
d audit.
dit
… SMMA entered into force in 1993 and became operational in 1995. Between
SMMA and ISO 14001 there are similarities and differences, which
are presented in subchapter 2.3.

© Carmen Teodosiu
 The evolution of environmental management systems–
further
„ ISO 14001 Standard

… Th mostt prevalent
The l t standard
t d d on EMS

… Romanian version is "SR EN ISO 14001 environmental management

systems-Specification and User Guide" is the main component of the
ISO 14000 seriesi off standards
t d d and d was adopted
d t d ini 1998.
1998
… In addition to the standard ISO 14001 were and still will be elaborated
and other standards relating to environmental protection, all of the ISO
14000 series. Of these, the most closely tied to the issues of
implementation of an Ems is ISO 14004 "Environmental management
Systems-Guidelines on principles, systems and application
techniques " adopted as international standard, ISO 14001
and taken together with the Romanian standard in 1998.
… In November 2004,
2004 were published in English revised standards ISO
14001: 2004 and ISO 14004: 2004, followed by certification bodies to
meet the transition plan, within 18 months after publication of the
revised standards.
… In May 2006, revised standards ought be fully implemented so that the
audits can be performed considering the criteria compliance of these
standards.
© Carmen Teodosiu
 Common items to all environmental management
systems
t

„ Obtain commitment from the company's general manager

„ The initial environmental review
„ Environmental p policy
y (environmental
( policy
p y statement))
„ Environmental Management Program or Plan of Action,
„ Structures and responsibilities
„ The integration of environmental management in the
company's general management
„ Monitoring, measuring and recording procedures
„ Preventive and corrective actions
„ Environmental Management System Audit
„ Environmental Management Analysis

© Carmen Teodosiu
 EMS model according to ISO 14001
Continuous
improvement

Environmental
policy
Management
analysis
Planning
•Environmental aspects
•Legal requirements
•Objectives
•Environmental
Checking and Corrective Management programs
Actions
•Monitoring and measurement Implementation and Operation
•Non compliance,
p corrective •Structure and responsibilities
and preventive actions •Education, awareness and
•Records competence
•EMS Audits
•Comunication
•Documentation of Environmental
management systems
•Operational Control
•Preparation and response to
emergencie situations
© Carmen Teodosiu
 EMS model according to EMAS

1. Environmental policy Accredited environmental

verifiers

2. Initial environmental analysis

Accreditation system

3. Environmental program

2. Environmental 4. Environmental
AUDIT CYCLE
objectives Management system
MAX. 3 YEARS

5 Environmental audit
5. E
Examination
i ti

6. Environmental statement 7. Validation

© Carmen Teodosiu
DYNAMICS OF QMS AND EMS IMPLEMENTATION 1999 – 2008
December 2004:
2004 Romania / Q
QMS:8089/
S 8089/ EMS:
S 523
23
ISO 9001:2000

2001 2002 2003 2004

World total 122.822 330.709 172.480

Europe 22 888
22.888 76 678
76.678 242 636
242.636 326 895
326.895
ROMANIA 87 767 2.052 5.183
Number of countries 98 134 149 154
ISO 14001:1996 /2004

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

World total 14.106 22.897 36.765 49.449 66.070 90.569

Europe 7.365 11.021 18.243 23.316 31.997 39.812
ROMANIA 1 5 15 45 96 361

For Romania the figures represent annual increases in the number of certified companies
 DYNAMICS OF QMS AND EMS IMPLEMENTATION 1999 – 2008

Dynamics of QMS implementation

Dynamics of EMS implementation

1200000

200000
1000000
180000
es

800000
160000
Numberr of Certificate

140000
Number of Certificates

600000
120000
100000
400000
80000
20000060000
40000
0
20000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
World total Europe

World total Europe

DYNAMICS OF QMS AND EMS IMPLEMENTATION
1999 – 2008 in Romania

Dynamics of QMS implementation in Romania

12000
10737

10000 9426 9633

EMS Dynamics implementation in Romania
8000
8000
7418
6097
6000 6863
7000 5183

4000 6000
2052 2052
2000 5000
87 3884
0 4000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
3000
2269
2000 1454

1000 752
361
1 5 15 45 96
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
DYNAMICS OF QMS AND EMS IMPLEMENTATION
2004 2008
DYNAMICS OF EMS IMPLEMENTATION
2004 2008 2010

China 69784

Japan 35016

Spain 18347

Italy 17064

UK 14346

Coreea 9681

Romania 7418

Cehia 6629

Germany 6001

Sweden 4622
 ISO 14001 vs. EMAS
„ 39.812 ISO14001 certified companies in Europe
„ 3.126 EMAS certified companies in Europe
EMAS ISO 14001

•Legislative regulation in the EU • International standard

•“eco-audit” verification •ISO 14001 certification
•Accession to the “eco-audit”
eco-audit regulation
•It applies to industrial activities •It applies to all types of activities in the sphere of
industry, products, services, including non-industrial
activities (local administration)
•Initial
I iti l environmental
i t l analysis
l i iis required
i d •Initial
I iti l environmental
i t l analysis
l i isi optional,
ti l being
b i only
l
suggested in the head 4.2.1. of the standard
•Continuous improvement of environmental •EMS continuous improvement is reflected by the
performance increase of environmental performance
•Requires a public statement of environment; allow •External communication is suggested, but it is at the
the access to the environmental policy and program discretion of the company to decide the content of
information; requires public access only to
environmental policy
•The frequency of conducting the environment audit •Does not specify the frequency for the achievement of
at max 3 years the environmental audit
•EMS requires communication with the authorities •EMS requires a documentary structure and the
documents control
 The advantages of an EMS implementation
The correct functioning of an EMS ensures organization's performance
improvement in general, not only through environmental protection view.
P f
Performances improvement
i t shall
h ll cover th
the ffollowing
ll i areas :

„ Reduce costs by :
… Streamlining
gpproduction pprocesses;
… Reduction of waste quantities and costs associated with storage;
… Reduction of final treatment costs of liquid or gaseous effluents;
… Reduction of penalties (in case of exceeding emission indicators).

„ Increasing the organization's ability to manage risks by:

… Reducing the "risk environment " and, respectively, reducing accidents
number and minimize their negative effects (when they occur).
… The stages of risk identification, determination of the causes,development of
action
ti plans
l i critical
in iti l situations
it ti are integrated
i t t d into
i t th
the managementt system
t off
organization and constitute the advantages of implementing an EMS, both in
terms of environmental protection and financial resources of the organization.

© Carmen Teodosiu
 The advantages of an EMS implementation– further
„ Increasing the credibility of the organization is manifested by :
… Consider organization as being "responsible" and able to conduct the business
taking as essential the environmental protection.
… Decrease authorities and general public resistance to increase production
production,
organization, respectively, modification of environmental authorisations;
… Relationship with consumers and the general public. EMS organizations are
more open to present information on environmental performance, risk factors and
work hygiene, action programs, the society appreciation in general (employees,
investors government
investors, government, public) being positive
positive.

„ Increasing internal and international competitiveness :

… Governments and multinational concerns encourages collaborations with
organizations certified ISO 14001 and ISO 9000
9000. In addition
addition, the European Union
countries have decided to recognize each other and to encourage organizations
accepted ISO 14001 and EMAS / www.iso14000-saic.com/;
… Organization's position on the capital market and the possibility of somehow
merging with other similar organizations and relationships with suppliers are
positively
iti l iinfluenced
fl dbby th
the existence
i t off ISO 14001 certification.
tifi ti

„ Staff motivation
… Training to increase awareness and staff competence are linked to wage
increases as a result of the efficiency of production processes and increase
sales as well with the growth of labor safety conditions.

© Carmen Teodosiu
 The disadvantages of an EMS implementation– further

„ It can generate resistance to change from operational staff.

„ Requires significant resources for implementation: time, money, human
resources, logistics,
l i ti etc
t
„ Depreciation on investment is not always achieved in quantifiable terms;
„ Requires operating costs, maintenance, revision, renewal of certification,
conflict with existing programs and procedures;
„ May cause difficulties in the simultaneous use of various standards
in areas of interference management systems;
„ Modify existing environmental programs and procedures;
„ Generate, on the first phase, possibles confusions and difficulties in using
the equipment, processing and misinterpretation;
„ Orders the out of production during certain periods, of
those who participate in training programs;
„ May cause the staff reductions;
„ Contributes to forgoing
g g EAMS

© Carmen Teodosiu