Evaluation of Cardiac Function

1. ECHO

2. Pressure/Pressure-volume
- in vivo
- in vitro

3. Heart weight

4. Histology
Echocardiogram
Echocardiogram
Development of heart failure…
Echocardiogram

ESD EDD FS = (EDD-ESD)/EDD

EF: by formula!

Teichhold Method

V=[7.0/(2.4+D] x D3

EF = (EDV-ESV)/EDV
Better or worse?
Classification of heart failure

Increasing severity
Drosophila – a novel model to identify genes
causing heart disease
Used to study heart development.
Not used for genetic studies of human heart disease
because of an inability to phenotype the adult fly heart.

Contractile function

Wild
type

TnI
Mutant
Evaluation of Cardiac Function
1. ECHO

2. Pressure/Pressure-volume
- in vivo
- in vitro

3. Heart weight

4. Histology
Evaluation of Cardiac Function
2. Pressure/Pressure-volume
- in vivo
2. Pressure

Aortic
Pressure

Left atrial
Pressure

Left
Ventricle
Pressure

Minimum End
Pressure Diastolic
Pressure
2. Pressure
+10000

dP/dt
0
(mmHg/s)

-10000

100

LVP (mmHg)

0
2. Pressure
Healthy Better or worse?
+10000

dP/dt
0
(mmHg/s)

-10000 0.2 s

100

LVP
(mmHg)
0

+dP/dt 9500 mmHg/s 9500 mmHg/s

-dP/dt -9566 mmHg/s -6500 mmHg/s

2. Pressure
dP/dtmax

dP/dt
(mmHg/s)

dP/dtmin

LVP (mmHg)
 Determinants of dP/dt max during an
increase in afterload
+ 10000

dP/dt

- 10000

5s
100

LVP

0
 Determinants of dP/dt max during reduction in
preload
+ 10000

dP/dt

- 10000

10 s
100

LVP

0
2. Pressure
dP/dt@LVP40 dP/dtmax

dP/dt
(mmHg/s)

LVP (mmHg)
40 mmHg
 Effects of decreases in preload and increases in
afterload on +dP/dt max and dP/dt @ LVP 40mmHg

14000

12000
dP/dtmax

10000
dP/dt@LVP40
dP/dt
8000
(mmHg/s)

6000

4000

2000
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

LVP
Force-frequency relationship in mice
500 bpm 650 bpm

+ 10000

dP/dt
- 10000

1000 s
100

LVP

0
Force-frequency relationship in Dogs
 Better or worse??

Healthy ???
10000

dP/dt
0
(mmHg/s)

10000

0.1 s
140

LVP
(mmHg)

0
Contractile reserve

22000

18000
+ dP/dt (mmHg/s)

14000

10000

6000
0 1 2 3 4
Dobutamine (µmol/kg/min)
 Better or worse??

Healthy ???
10000

dP/dt
0
(mmHg/s)

10000

0.1 s
140

LVP
(mmHg)

0
Exercise training
Evaluation of Cardiac Function
2. Pressure/Pressure-volume
- in vitro
Langendorff
 Effects of a drug on cardiac function

baseline + drug (peak response)

+7500

dP/dt
0
(mmHg/s)

+7500
250

LVP
(mmHg)

0
100

Perfussion
Pressure (mmHg)

5 seconds
0
Effects of Isoproterenol on cardiac function

+7500

dP/dt
0
(mmHg/s)

+7500
250

LVP
(mmHg)

0
100

Perfussion
Pressure (mmHg)
100 s

Start of Isoproterenol infusion