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1. Maintaining proper mud weight The initial gel strength and final gel strength is determined by
measuring maximum dial reading at 3 rpm after keeping the
2. Minimizing annular-friction pressure losses during
drilling fluid at rest for 10 seconds and 10 minutes
drilling and tripping in respectively.
3. Adequate hole cleaning Based on data from the field, we can conclude that at
4. Avoiding restriction in the annular space 218 ft there is swellingclay caused by interaction between clay
5. Setting casing to protect upperweaker formation and water. It can be shown by increasing of pump pressure
within a transition zone and decresing the flow rate. To handle this situation, we
6. Updating formation pore pressure and fracture decide to design our drilling fluid with using KCl as shale
stabilizer. At 669,1 ft deep, because the volume of mud pit
gradients for better accuracy with log and drilling
decreased a quarter after the circulation, we conclude that
data there is a lost circulation at that depth. Besides the hydrostatic
pressure is greater than formation fracture pressure.To handle
Formation Damage from Swelling Clay this situation, we decide to decrease the hydrostatic pressure
Swelling clays, although relatively abundant in of our drilling fluid between the formation pressure and
shales, do not accur as commonly in producing intervals. formation fracture pressure.Because of the value of formation
Thus, formation damage problems with swelling clays are not pressure is 8,6 ppg, fracture formation pressure is 9,8 and
nearly as commong as those associated with fines migration. considering the safety factor is 0,5, so we decide to design our
drilling fluid into 9,25 ppg. We design our drilling fluid using
Causes of Swelling spercene as a thinner to decrease the hydrostatic pressure from
Convergance between clay and water.Clay swelling 10 ppg into 9,25 ppg.
can be caused by ion exchange or changes in salinity.
However, only clays that are directly contacted by the fluid
Analysis And Discussions
moving in the rock will react; these include authigenic clays,
At a depth of 218 ft, the pump pressure increased and
some detrital clays on the pore boundaries and unprotected
the flow rate decreased. It indicates that there is a swelling
clay cement.
problem at that depth. At 661,9 ft, the volume of drilling fluid
at mud pit decreased up to ¼ volume of mud pit. And t 669,1
Preventions of Swelling
ft, formation pressure is 299,5 psi (emw = 8,6 ppg), mud
To prevent clay swelling, various chemical
density is 10 ppg, formation fracture pressure is 341 psi (emw
treatments have been designed. These include polymers
= 9,8 ppg). It indicates that lost circulation had happened.
containing quaternary ammonium salts, pottasium chloride,
3 INDRILLCO SOUTH LIRIK LTD.
Solution for the problem is redesign the drilling mud with 2. The use of potassium chloride should be combine by
compositions : spercene, because potassium chloride can increase
TABLE I. volume of filtrate into the formation. Therefore it is
THE COMPOSITIONS OF DRILLING FLUID necessary add spercene to control volume of filtrate.
Constituents Composition 3. Furthermore, treating mud by with loss control
Bentonite 22,5 gr material such as, nut shell, limestone, and mica can
Water 350 ml overcome the lost circulation.
Barite 32 gr 4. Swelling can be prevented by adding shale stabilizer
Spercene 5 gr such as pottasium chloride. So the shale formation
KCl 3 gr does not expand and borehole size does not reduced.
5. Calcium drilling fluid or potassium based mud
The density of new drillling fluid is 9,25 ppg. So the value of should be used for drilling through the layer of
mud density between emw formation pressure and fracture gypsum or limestone. Where the drilling fluid is
formation pressure.The density should be designed with safety treated with caustic soda, anhydrite, to decrease the
factor 0,5 ppg. The value 0,2 ppg is from safety factor of water hidration of drilling fluid.
formation pressure and the value 0,3 ppg is safety factor for
trip margin which is caused by round trip activity.
Conclusions
1. Density of drilling fluid is 9,25 ppg.
2. The drillling fluid is suitable for use at field Y well X.
3. Spercene can be used in drilling fluid to decrease drilling
fluid density, so it can prevent the lost circulation
problem. Futhermore spercene also used as fluid lost
control agent.
4. Potassium Chloride as clay stabilizer in drilling fluid
serve to prevent swelling problem.
Recommendations
Based on analysis and discussions, we recommend that :
1. To overcome lost circulation, we can add thinner
such as spercene, lignite, or Q-broxin. Thinner can
decrease the density of drilling fluid so hydrostatic
pressure can be arranged between formation pressure
and formation fracture pressure.
4 INDRILLCO SOUTH LIRIK LTD.