Hyperbolic integrals

Hyperbolic functions follow standard rules for integration. The general

rules for the six hyperbolic functions are

cosh(a x)
∫
sinh(a x) d x = + C
a

sinh(a x)
∫
cosh(a x) d x = + C
a

ln cosh(a x)
∫
tanh(a x) d x = + C
a

ln sinh(a x)
∫
coth(a x) d x = + C
a

arctan[sinh(a x)]
∫
sech(a x) d x = + C
a

ln tanh( ax )
∫
2
csch(a x) d x = + C
a

We also have a few other standard hyperbolic integrals that are based on
the standard hyperbolic derivatives.

tanh(a x)
∫
2
sech (a x) d x = + C
a

−coth(a x)
∫
csch2(a x) d x = + C
a

97
 −sech(a x)
∫
sech(a x)tanh(a x) d x = + C
a

−csch(a x)
∫
csch(a x)coth(a x) d x = + C
a

Example
Evaluate the integral.

∫
5sech(3x) d x

First, we simplify the integral by factoring out the 5.

∫
5 sech(3x) d x

arctan[sinh(a x)]
∫
Remembering that sech(a x) d x = + C, we integrate and get
a

5 arctan[sinh(3x)]
∫
5sech(3x) d x = + C
3

Now let’s try a more complex example.

Example
Evaluate the integral.

98
 ∫
16x 3 − 2 sinh(3x) + 4csch2(6x) d x

First, we will break the integral into parts to simplify it.

∫ ∫ ∫
16x 3 d x + − 2 sinh(3x) d x + 4csch2(6x) d x

∫ ∫ ∫
16 x 3 d x − 2 sinh(3x) d x + 4 csch2(6x) d x

We’ll use our hyperbolic integration formulas to integrate, and we’ll get

(4 ) [ ] [ ]
1 4 cosh(3x) −coth(6x)
16 x −2 + 4 + C
3 6

42 cosh(3x) 2 coth(6x)
4x − − + C
3 3

99