NGHIEN clu BIEU CHE NUGC XIT PHONG (TAO HUONG THOM VA DIET KHUAN) BANG CAC NGUYEN LIEU: HOA SUA, LA SA CHANH, LA BACH BAN, LA CHANH TA, VO BUG! CO SAN d QUANG BINH PGS.TS. NGUYEN DUC VUONG; ThS. PHAM NAM GIANG Truéng Bai hoc Quang Binh HO NGOC QUYNH HUONG; LE THI LOAN Sinh vién Trung Bai hoc Quang Binh NGUYEN BUC HUNG Truéng chuyén V6 Nguyén Gidp Quang Binh 1. Dat vin dé Nagay nay do di sng ngay cing duge cai thign nén con nguéi ngay cang quan tam sit dung cdc sin phdm c6 ngudn gée tit ty nhién cé téc dung ting cutding stic khée, chéng bénh tat nhiim kéo dai tuéi tho cho con nguéi. Tai cdc dia phuong trong tinh Quang Binh hién nay c6 trong rat nhigu logi cay c6 chia ham lugng tinh dau cao cé tac dung tét cho sttc khée nhu: chanh ta (Citrus aurantifolia); budi (Citrus maxima); sa chanh (Cymbopogon citratus); bach din (Eucalyptus); hoa sita (Alstonia scholaris),... Nhung viée sit dung cae nguyén ligu nay con rat han ché, Trén thi tung c6 rat nhiéu céc loai nuéc xit phong. Nhung da sé nhiing sin phim nay khéng cé nguén géc ty thién nhién, Céc sin phdm nay c6 thé gay ting nhip tim [1-2]. D6i vdi nhiing ngudi nhay cm, dc biét IA nhiing ngudi di ting hodc hen suyén, sin phim c6 thé gay dau mit va cd hong, nhiic dau va cée con hen suyén (3). M6t nghién ctu 6 chau Au tim thy viée sit dung nude xit phdng trong nha anh hudng chtic nang tim, téc dong dén nhiing ngudi mic cdc cin bénh vé phdi [4]. Dé thi may sé di sdu tim hiéu va dé xudt quy trinh Iam nude xit phdng (tao hucng thom va diét khudn) bing céc nguyén ligu: hoa sita; 14 sa chanh; 1d banh dan; 1d chanh ta; vo budi cé sn 6 Quang Binh. Lé chanh ta dude ding lam gia vi va cfing duce ding 1am thuéc tri sét rét dai ding, cam cim, hen phé quan, ho ga va tri bénh ngoai da, rin cn. Lé chanh c6 vi ding the, mii thom, tinh binh, c6 tac dung gidi nhiét, thong can khi, tiéu thing, tan d6c va hoat huyét, khdi ho, tigu thc [5]. Tinh dau chanh dude 4p dung trong cdc nganh céng nghiép thyc phim dé dim bao an toan va chit lung trong san phém ché bién. Ngoai ra, né nhu 1a mét phu gia thyc pham dé truyén dat huong vi va mii trong thc pham. Hon nifa thanh phan cia né c6 kha ning chéng oxy héa, khang khudn [6]. Trong tinh dau chanh ta cé chtta limonene (69,9%) va B-pinen (11,2%) [7], V6 qua budi goi 1a cam phao, vi ding cay, tinh khong d6c, théng Idi, trit dm téo thap, hda huyét, gidm dau [8]. Tinh dau budi c6 kha ning sét tring trong y té. Trong tinh dau budi ta cé chita limonene (96,2%) va TAP CHi THONG TIN KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE QUANG BINH - $6 1/2016 Bsmyrcene (1,4%) [7]. SA chanh duge sit dung réng rai nhu 1 mét loai thio méc n&u nuéng. Tinh dau si chanh dude sit dung nhu mét loai thuéc tri sau va chat bao quan. Nghién citu cho thay ring dau sé tinh khéng nam [9]. Tinh dau cia né thudng duge sit dung nhu mot "mdi nhit" dé thu hut ong mat ong [10] Hinh 1, So 46 fam tinh déu 4, Chung cat hol nude v6i cae nguyén liguchiatinh Tinh du guyén chit Bach dan duge pham, sat tring, thudc chong cén tring, huiong liéu, nuéc hoa, sti dung trong céng nghiép. Tinh dau bach dan 1a thanh phan trong céc ché phdm duge dé lam giim cc trigu chitng ctim va cdm lanh, trong céc sin phdm nhu keo ho, vién ngim, thudc mé va thuéc hit. C6 tae dung khéng khudn trén cée vi khudn gay bénh 6 dudng ho hap [11]. Hoi dau khuynh diép dang hit 14 m6t loai thuée thong méi va diéu tri viém phé quan [12]. C6 thé chéng viém va gidm dau nhu 1 mét thanh phan dau xoa bép [13- 14]. Ngoai ra dau bach dan cling dude sit dung trong cdc sn phm vé sinh cé nhan cho tinh chat khang khudn trong chim s6c nha khoa [15] va xa phdng. N6 cing c6 thé dude ap dung cho cdc vét thong dé tranh nhiém tring. Hoa sifa con c6 mét sé thanh phan khéc nhu: Anlaloit; Linalol; Cis va trans oxit linalol; a — tecpineol; Tecpinen-4-ol duge tim thay trong hoa sifa. M6t sé hgp chat nhu: Iridois; Coumarin; Flavonid; Leucoanthocyanis; dung kht; Phenolics don gidn; Steroids; Saponin; Tanin cing dude tim thay [16]. 2. Phuong phap nghién ctu 2.1. Tao tinh ddu tit: hoa sita, ld sd chanh, Id bach dan, Id chanh ta, v6 buéi a) Tao tinh dau Phuong phdp 4p dung: Chung cét 1éi cudn hoi nuéc (hinh 1) dé tao tinh dau vdi céc budc nhu sau: Buse 1: Thu hai, chudin bi nguyén ligu sa chanh, 14 bach dan, 14 chanh ta, vé budi. Buéc 2: Chon loc va phan loai 14 sa chanh, 14 bach dan, la chanh ta, vo budi. Luu y: budi ding dé lay vé cn hai nhiing qua cdn xanh vi lic nay tinh dau nhiéu; 1d chanh ta valé bach dan nén hai nhiing ld non; lds chanh cn ly phan gn dudiré vi sé c6 nhidutinh dau. Buéc 4: Chung c4t hoi nudc vdi nguyén ligu. Buéc 5: Tach, chiét, kiém tra chat lung tinh dau sau khi chiét xudt (hinh 3). b) Tao dung dich cdn ch hoasita Buée 1: Thu hai, chudn bi, chon loc Jn tinh dau Be TAP CHI THONG TIN KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE QUANG BINH - $6 1/2016nguyén ligu hoa sifa. Bude 2: Can 0,375kg hoa sita cho vao binh thiy tinh dung tich 1.000ml, thém tiép yao binh 500ml cén 90°. Buéc 3: Hén hop duce day ndp kin va dé trong béng téi mét tudn dé thu dude dung dich cé mii hoa sifa dac trung. 2.2. Tao sén phd nutéc xit phong Tigh hanh pha ché va xit thit nghiém thim dd nhim tim céng thie pha ché higu qua nhat. Tinh dau 14 sa chanh, 14 bach dan, 14 chanh ta, vo budi, hén hop cdn tinh dau hoa sita duc trén lin véi cén 90° theo ty 1é khdc nhau thu duigc nhiing hén hgp cé mii thom khéc nhau. B6 tri thf nghiém véi 2 céng thie phachékhéc nhau: a) Thanh phan hén hop 1 Ty 18 trén cdc tinh dau véi cdn: - 140ml cdn 90". - 40ml nuée v6 budi sau khi tich tinh ddu + 6ml tinh dau v6 budi. - 30m tinh dau hoa sia cé lan cén. - Sml nuéc 1a bach dan sau khi tach tinh, dau + 3ml tinh dau bach dan, - 18ml nude 14 chanh ta sau khi tach tinh dau + 2ml tinh dau é chanh ta. - SmI nuéc 1d sa chanh sau khi tach tinh dau + Iml tinh dau sa chanh. b) Thanh phan hén hop 2 Ty lé trn cdc tinh dau véi cén: - 83ml cén 90". - 20ml nuée vé budi sau khi tach tinh dau +3 ml tinh dau vo budi. - 110ml tinh dau hoa sita c6 Jan cn. - SmI nuéc 14 bach dan sau khi tach tinh dau + 1ml tinh dau bach dan. - 20ml nuéc 1é chanh ta sau khi tach tinh, dau + 2ml tinh dau 14 chanh ta. - SmI nude lé sd chanh sau khi tach tinh ddu+ [ml tinh dau sa chanh. 3.Kétqua Tao tinh dau tit: hoa sifa, 14 s4 chanh, 14 bach dan, 1 chanh ta, vé budi. Tinh toan dude lugng tinh dau (hinh 3) thu duge trong 1 don vi khéi lvdng 14 sa chanh, 14 bach dan, 14 chanh ta, vd budi: + Déi véi ld bach dan, vdi 1,032kg thu duige 3m tinh dau bach dan. Hinh 3: Céctoa tinh du + Dé6i véi 14 sd chanh, vdi 1,802kg thu duge Sml tinh dau sd chanh. + Déi véi v6 budi, v6i 1,38kg thu dude 6ml tinh dau budi. + Déi véi 14 chanh ta, véi 0,89kg thu duc 2,3ml tinh dau chanh ta. + Déi vdi hoa sifa, dem cén 0,375kg hoa sifa da dude 1am sach cho vao chai thay tinh dung tich 1.000ml, thém vao chai 500ml cn, gia hda trong 1 tuan dé thu duge cén cé ln tinh dau hoa sia cé mang mii hudng hoa sita dic trung. 3.1. Tao sén phéim nutéc xit phong Hén hop 1 thu dude cé mii budi dic trung, huong thom luu lai thai gian tuong déi dai (hinh 4). H6n hgp 2 thu duge cé mbi hoa sifa dic TAP CHI THONG TIN KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE QUANG BINH - SO 1/2016 aHinh 4: Cacloai tinh déu trung, hudng thom Iu lai théi gian tuong adi ngin. 3.2. Phan tich sén phém nuéc xit phong Két qua phan tich san pham tai Trung tam Kiém nghiém thudc, Sd Y té tinh Thita Thién Hué cho thay, thanh phan c6 22 chit trong san pham thu dude. Cae chat c6 trong san pham véi ham lugng phan tich thu dude khéng cé cht nado gay anh hudng khong tot dén site khée cia ngudi sit dung. Két qua phan tich cho thay, thanh phan chi yéu trong nuéc xit phdng 1a chat dl- Limonene chiém 78,41 %, chat dl - Limonene 1a thanh phan chi yéu cia ho cam quyt (Rutaceae ho thuc vat), dud sit dung trong san xuat thuc pham va mét 86 loai thuéc, vi du nhu la tao mii hudng nude hoa, kem cao rau, sin phéim tim va cdc sin phim khdc ma cé hung thm. Do vay, ¢6 thé ting dung dé tai dua vao thuc t€ san xuat nude xit phong sit dung réng rai trong thc t€ cudc sng hang ngay. 4. Thao luan va kétluan Qua nghién ctu, da tao thanh céng san phim nuée xit phong (tao hong thom va diét khudn) ti tinh dau hoa sifa, 14 s4 chanh, 14 bach dan, 14 chanh ta, vo budi theo ty 1é phaché theo hén hgp 1. Da sit dung céc loai nguyén ligu dé kiém, thudng gap trong diéu kién ty nhién: Cay budi sit dung lam cé qua; cfy bach dan sit dung lam cay hoa sifa sit dung lam bong cfy chanh ta cé thé sit dung Iam cay canh, sit dung qua va lé trong am thyc; cy si chanh sit dung trong 4m thutc. Ca 5 loai cy dé ngoai y nghia sit dung néi trén, cdc co quan cia ching tuéng nhu v6 dung, nay trd nén hitu ich trong viée Bang két qua thirnghigm nude xit phong STT| Tén chi titu Ket qua (% dign tich) 1_| Alpha-pinene 1,05 2 | 2-Beta-pinene 2,24 3_| Beta Myrcene 241 4 | dl-Limonene 78,41 5_| Cis-Ocimene 0,67 6 | Linalool Oxide Cis 0,84 7 [Trans-Linalool Oxide | 0.47 8 | Linalool L 1,77 P-Mentha-Trans-2,8- 9 Dien-1-ol 0.35 Cis-P-Mentha-2,8- 10 Dien-l-ol 0,23 TI | Citronella 027 12 | 4-Terpineol 0,68 Cis-p-Mentha-1(1),8- 13 | Dien-2-01 O24 14 | Alpha Terpineol 2.40 15 | Cis-Carveol 0,40 16 | Trans-(+)-Carveol 0,59 17 | 2,3-Epoxygeranial 0,80 18 | Z-Citral 2,38 19 | Geraniol 0,33 20 | B-Citral 2,50 21 | 1,8-Terpin, Cis 0,33 22 | Germacrene-D 0,65 & TAP CHI THONG TIN KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE QUANG BINH - $6 1/2016cho tinh dau, tao san pham nude xit phong hoan toan tif thién nhién, an toan cho ngudi stt dung. Phuong phap chung cat va phdi tn. céc tinh dau don gidn, dé lam, dé sit dung nén 06 thé ting dung moi ndi, moi hic. Su phéi hop cc tinh dau lam céng dung ting lén, dng thdi tao huong thom. Da phan tich san pham thu duge 22 chat va vdi ham lugng cde chat thu dude, khong c6 chat nao gay hai dén sttc khée ngudi sit dung. Nghién cu nay c6 thé mé rong pham vi sit dung nhiing loai cay c6 ham lugng tinh dau cao nhu bac ha, tram, quit... Tailiéu tham khao: [1] Senthilkumaran, S., Meenakshisundaram, R., Michaels, A. D., Balamurgan, N., & Thirumalaikolundusubramanian, P. (2012) Ventricular fibrillation after exposure to air freshener-death just a breath away. Journal of electrocardiology, 45(2), 164-166. [2] LoVecchio, F., & Fulton, S. E. (2001). Ventricular fibrillation following inhalation of Glade Air Freshener-European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 8(2), 153-154. [3] Brownstein J. (2011). Air fresheners can trigger allergies, asthma. NBCNews.com 1 1-6-2011 [4] Mehta, A. J., Adam, M., Schaffner, E., Barthélemy, J. C., Carballo, D., Gaspoz, J. May «. & K-nzli, N. (2012). Heart rate variability in association with frequent use of household sprays and scented products in SAPALDIA Environmental health perspectives, 120(7), 958. [5] Perry, L. M. & Metzger, J. (1980). Medicinal plants of east and southeast Asia: attributed properties and uses. MIT press, [6] Cruz-Valenzuela, M.R., Tapia-Rodrfguez, MR. Vazquez-Armenta, FJ., Silva-Espinoza, B.A., JF. & Ayala-Zavala, J.P, (2015). Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety ACADEMIC PRESS. 531-537 pp. [7] Viuda-Martos, M., Ruiz-Navajas, Y., Ferndndez-Lépez, J., & Pérez-Alvarez, J. A. (2009), Chemical composition of mandarin (C. reticulata L.), grapefruit (C. paradisi L.), lemon (C. limon L.) and orange (C. sinensis L.) essential oils.Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 12(2), 236-243 [8] Tinh, T. (2007). Tué Tinh toan tap. [9] Shadab, Q., Hanif, M., & Chaudhary, F.M. (1992). Antifungal activity by lemongrass essential oils. Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res, 35,246-249. [10] Beekeeping/Guide to Essential Oils. https://en. wikibooks.org/wiki/Beckeeping/Gui de_to_Essential_Oils, Accessed on 13/12/2015 [11] Salari, M. HL, Amine, G., Shirazi, M. HL, Hafezi, R., & Mohammadypour, M. (2006) Antibacterial effects of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract on pathogenic bacteria isolated from specimens of patients with respiratory tract disorders.Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 12(2), 194-196. {12} Lu, X.Q., Tang, F.D., Wang, Y., Zhao, T., & Bian, R. L. (2004). (Effect of Eucalyptus globulus oil on lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic bronchitis and mucin hypersecretion in rats]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi= Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi= China journal of Chinese materia medica, 29(2), 168-171 [13] G-bel, H., Schmidt, G., & Soyka, D. (1994). Effect of peppermint and eucalyptus oil preparations on neurophysiological and experimental algesimetric headache parameters, Cephalalgia, 14(3), 228-2hoa sita [14] Hong, C. Z., & Shellock, F. G, (1991). EFFECTS OF A TOPICALLY APPLIED COUNTERIRRITANT (EUCALYPTAMINT) ON CUTANEOUS BLOOD FLOW AND ON SKIN AND MUSCLE TEMPERATURES: A Placebo- Controlled Study.American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 70(1), 29-33. [15] Nagata, H., Inagaki, Y., Tanaka, M., Ojima, M., Kataoka, K., Kuboniwa, M., ... & Shizukuishi, S. (2008). Effect of eucalyptus extract chewing gum on periodontal health: a double- masked, randomized trial. Journal of periodontology, 79(8), 1378-1385. [16] Trinh, N-T-T. (2015), Nghién citu thank phan héa hoc dich chiét hoa sita tai thanh phd Déng Hi trong dung moi nhexan va chloroform. Luan vin t6t nghiép Bai hoc Su pham Héa hoc. Dai hoc Quang Binh, Déng Héi, Viét Nam, TAP CHi THONG TIN KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE QUANG BINH - $6 1/2016 i)