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Operaciones Unitarias 1
Humidificación
Quíz No.3
Se van a enfriar, a 27ºC, 5 m3/s (10600 ft3/min) de un gas pobre, 65%N2 y 35%CO,
inicialmente seco a 1 atm a 315ºC, mediante contacto a contracorriente con agua
que entra a 18ºC. Se va a utilizar una torre empacada con anillos Rasching de
cerámica de 50 mm, con L’2/G’2=2.0. Especificar el diámetro de una torre
adecuada para este propósito y la altura empacada.
TG1=315ºC PG1=1 atm Y’1=0 Kg/Kg de gas pobre Gas esta inicialmente seco
Flujo volumétrico 5 m3/s
L' 2
M B (0.65 28) (0.35 28) M B 28 kg kmol 2
G'2
M A 18.015 kg
kmol
m PM m PM
P V n R T P V R T
M R T V R T
(101.325kPa) (28 kg )
G1 kmol kJ = kPa*m3
(8.314 kJ ) (273.15 315) K
kmol K
G1 0.580198 kg 3
m
m3 kg
Flujo de gas que entra: 5 * 0.580198 3 2.90 kg
s m s
Es valido suponer que el gas después de estar en contacto con el agua y enfriarse
sale de la torre saturado. Por ende Y’2=Y’S2
A 27 ºC la presión de saturación es
4111
P S EXP23.7093 3563.54 Pa
237.7 27
1
M G2 M G 2 27.6483 kg
2.9 0.0667 kmol
2.9667 2.9667
28 18.015
(101.325kPa) (27.6483 kg )
G2 kmol G 2 1.12263 kg
(8.314 kJ ) (273.15 27) K m3
kmol K
1/ 2
L' G 2
1/ 2
1.12263
2* 0.067013
G' L 2 G 2 1000 1.12263
Con el dato anterior hallado (0.067013) y tomando una caída de presión del gas
de 400 N/m2 por metro de espesor empacado observamos la grafica 6.34
(Operaciones de Transferencia de Masa, Robert E. Treybal. 2º Edición), para
obtener la ordenada igual a 0.073. Asimismo J=1 y gc=1.
2.90 2.967
Recalculamos: Gs' 1.641 kg 2 y G2' 1.678 kg 2
1.767 m s 1.767 m s
L' 2 kg
Ahora con la relación 2 calculamos L'2 2 (1.678) 3.354
G'2 m2 s
kg
L'2 L1' G S' (Y2' Y1' ) 3.354 L1' 1.641 (0.023433 0) L1' 3.31555
m2 s
Balance de entalpía: L' 2 H L' GS' 1 H 1' L1' H ' L1 GS' 2 H '
L' 2 C AL (TL 2 T0 ) GS' 1 C pB (TG1 T0 ) L1' C AL (TL1 T0 ) GS' 2 CH' 1 (T G 2T0 ) Y ' 2 0
Escogemos por conveniencia T0 18º C , 0 2.46 *10 3 J C 4187 J
kg AL kg K
3.354 4187 (18 18) 1.641 1089 (315 18) 3.319 4187 (TL1 18) 1.641 1132.3 (27 18) 0.022 2.46 *106
d S 0.0725
1.508 d S 0.376 0.562
(2.09 *10 6 ) (737.5 L' ) 3
LtW 2
0.0319 m 3
dS m
2.47 *10 4 3
LsW 1.21
5.911 *10 3 m 3
dS m
3
L0W LtW LsW 0.026 m
m3
m 34.03
n0
p 0.362
808 G'
n
808 1.641
0
m
L' 34.03 1.125 0.5 3.319
p 0.362
a AW
G
0.5
2
a AW 52.577 m 3
m
LtW 0.0319
aVW 0.85 a Aw 0.85 52.577
L 0W 0.026
2
aVW 54.81m
m3
0.74
L0 LtW 0.74 0.0319
L 0 0.7080
0.36
FG ScG
2/3
d S G' S
1.195
G G (1 L 0 )
0.36
FG 0.614 2 / 3 0.0725 1.641
1.195 FG 3.127 *10 3 kmol
0.059 3
0.0288 *10 (1 0.7080) m2 s
FG ScG hG PrG
2/3 2/3
Ahora j H j D j D 0.0383 y j H
G C p G'
hG 0.74 2 / 3
0.0383 hG 83.66W 2
1089 1.641 m K
hG a 4585.36W
m3 K
0.45
h d d L'
Nu L S 25.1 S PrL0.5 hL 6482.75W
K L m3 K
hL a 355319.69W
m3 K
1 exp dz
hG a
Cp liquido
hGa 4585.36 A 23.7093 [J/kg·K] 4187
hLa 355320 B 4111 CpA [J/kg·K] 1884
Fga 0.1714 C 237.7 CpB [J/kg·K] 1089
C'H[J/kg gas
MA 18.015 TL1[ºC] 48.31 seco.K] 1089
MB 28 TL2[ºC] 18
TG1[ºC] 315 T0[ºC] 18
p(pa) 101325 TG2[ºC] 27
ITERACIÓN 1
Y' Ti Pai(pa) Pag dy'/dz h'Ga dTg/dz Ti real
50 12333.9373 0 0.24423163 4218.182307 -625.5107227 48.1926
48.1926 11268.6061 0 0.22183988 4250.984604 -634.6742644 48.5394
48.5394 11466.6253 0 0.22598185 4244.903818 -632.9427074 48.4751
48.4751 11429.6793 0 0.22520836 4246.038923 -633.2647483 48.4871
0
48.4871 11436.5676 0 0.22535255 4245.82731 -633.2046706 48.4849
48.4849 11435.2832 0 0.22532566 4245.86677 -633.215872 48.4853
48.4853 11435.5227 0 0.22533067 4245.859412 -633.2137833 48.4852
48.4852 11435.478 0 0.22532974 4245.860784 -633.2141727 48.4852
TG dY '
z Y ' Y ' z z H ' C H' (TG T0 ) 0 Y '
dTG dz
dz
TLi i 1 AL Li 1 0
'
L' C T T GS' C ' Hi TGi T0 0 Yi ' GS' C Hi
1 TGi 1 T0 Yi 1 0
'
T0
Li C AL
'
Cp liquido
hGa 4585.364 A 23.7093 [J/kg·K] 4187
hLa 355319.69 B 4111 CpA [J/kg·K] 1884
Fga 0.1714 C 237.7 CpB [J/kg·K] 1089
C'H[J/kg gas
MA 18.015 TL[ºC] 47.969 seco.K] 1112.4648
MB 28 TL1[ºC] 48.31
TG[ºC] 280 T0[ºC] 18
p(pa) 101325 TG1[ºC] 315
ITERACIÓN 2
Y' Ti Pai(pa) Pag dy'/dz h'Ga dTg/dz Ti real
50 12333.9373 1924.19725 0.208154986 4271.117551 -538.1142609 47.9514652
47.9514652 11132.6296 1924.19725 0.182924279 4308.4067 -547.6469389 48.3390525
48.3390525 11351.8568 1924.19725 0.187503478 4301.622578 -545.8713143 48.2685016
48.2685016 11311.6774 1924.19725 0.186663379 4302.866646 -546.1954751 48.2814375
48.2814375 11319.0353 1924.19725 0.186817197 4302.638846 -546.1360699 48.2790688
48.2790688 11317.6877 1924.19725 0.186789024 4302.68057 -546.1469488 48.2795027
0.012454776
48.2795027 11317.9345 1924.19725 0.186794184 4302.672928 -546.1449563 48.2794232
48.2794232 11317.8893 1924.19725 0.186793239 4302.674327 -546.1453213 48.2794377
48.2794377 11317.8976 1924.19725 0.186793412 4302.674071 -546.1452544 48.2794351
48.2794351 11317.8961 1924.19725 0.18679338 4302.674118 -546.1452667 48.2794356
48.2794356 11317.8964 1924.19725 0.186793386 4302.674109 -546.1452644 48.2794355
48.2794355 11317.8963 1924.19725 0.186793385 4302.674111 -546.1452648 48.2794355
ITERACIÓN 3
Y' Ti Pai (Pa) Pag dy'/dz h'Ga dTg/dZ Ti real
500,000 12,333.9373 3,712.0840 0,17400253 4,321.6452 -452.4206005 47.4473
47.4473 10,852.8986 3,712.0840 0,14294496 4,367.9454 -463.2537354 47.9018
47.9018 11,104.8071 3,712.0840 0,14819147 4,360.1005 -461.3577199 47.8247
0,024467339 47.8247 11,061.7305 3,712.0840 0,14729327 4,361.4429 -461.6802780 47.8379
47.8379 11,069.0896 3,712.0840 0,14744669 4,361.2136 -461.6251251 47.8356
47.8356 11,067.8322 3,712.0840 0,14742047 4,361.2528 -461.6345474 47.8360
47.8360 11,068.0470 3,712.0840 0,14742495 4,361.2461 -461.6329375 47.8360
Cp liquido
hGa 4585.364 A 23.7093 [J/kg·K] 4187
hLa 355319.69 B 4111 CpA [J/kg·K] 1884
Fga 0.1714 C 237.7 CpB [J/kg·K] 1089
C'H[J/kg gas
MA 18.015 TL[ºC] 46.188 seco.K] 1156.155
MB 28 TL1[ºC] 48.31
TG[ºC] 210 T0[ºC] 18
p(pa) 101325 TG1[ºC] 315
ITERACIÓN 4
Y' Ti Pai (Pa) Pag dy'/dz h'Ga dTg/dZ Ti real
50.0000 12,333.9373 5,318.861212 0,14277166 4,368.204730 -368.3820121 46.3728
46.3728 10,276.9140 5,318.861212 0,09977273 4,432.862196 -382.3096790 46.9851
46.9851 10,601.8251 5,318.861212 0,1064995 4,422.704804 -380.0062937 46.8887
0,035644776 46.8887 10,550.0987 5,318.861212 0,10542697 4,424.323258 -380.3701303 46.9040
46.9040 10,558.3225 5,318.861212 0,10559745 4,424.065980 -380.3122137 46.9016
46.9016 10,557.0148 5,318.861212 0,10557034 4,424.106893 -380.3214218 46.9020
46.9020 10,557.2227 5,318.861212 0,10557465 4,424.100387 -380.3199575 46.9019
ITERACIÓN 5
Y' Ti Pai (Pa) Pag dy'/dz h'Ga dTg/dZ Ti real
50.0000 12,333.93730 6,673.148482 0,11603978 4,408.32596 -285.9151699 44.6077
44.6077 9,387.86625 6,673.148482 0,05475652 4,501.24099 -304.5354181 45.4580
45.4580 9,807.51288 6,673.148482 0,06336492 4,488.11056 -301.6668755 45.3373
45.3373 9,746.98026 6,673.148482 0,06212075 4,490.00670 -302.0755139 45.3547
0,045360508
45.3547 9,755.69410 6,673.148482 0,0622998 4,489.73379 -302.0165850 45.3522
45.3522 9,754.43935 6,673.148482 0,06227402 4,489.77309 -302.0250683 45.3526
45.3526 9,754.62002 6,673.148482 0,06227773 4,489.76743 -302.0238467 45.3525
45.3525 9,754.59401 6,673.148482 0,0622772 4,489.76825 -302.0240226 45.3525
ITERACIÓN 6
Y' Ti Pai (Pa) Pag dy'/dz h'Ga dTg/dZ Ti real
50.0000 12,333.93730 7,654.656834 0,09642592 4,437.921717 -204.869193 41.8557
41.8557 8,134.12008 7,654.656834 0,00965614 4,570.453522 -230.080004 43.0321
43.0321 8,651.15211 7,654.656834 0,02012473 4,554.325106 -226.519890 42.8876
42.8876 8,586.12332 7,654.656834 0,01880485 4,556.356471 -226.958798 42.9057
0,05257749
42.9057 8,594.27574 7,654.656834 0,01897027 4,556.101851 -226.903639 42.9035
42.9035 8,593.25329 7,654.656834 0,01894952 4,556.133785 -226.910554 42.9038
42.9038 8,593.38152 7,654.656834 0,01895213 4,556.129780 -226.909687 42.9037
42.9037 8,593.36544 7,654.656834 0,0189518 4,556.130283 -226.909796 42.9037
INTERACION 7
Y' Ti Pai (Pa) Pag dy'/dz h'Ga dTg/dZ Ti real
50.0000 12,333.9373 8,046.44947 0,08853913 4,449.859926 -124.9553805 37.6034
37.6034 6,481.3565 8,046.44947 -0,03130954 4,633.933254 -159.4533120 39.1995
39.1995 7,063.9543 8,046.44947 -0,01971551 4,615.908184 -155.0715161 39.0397
39.0397 7,003.6396 8,046.44947 -0,02091912 4,617.777259 -155.5111513 39.0562
0,055500735
39.0562 7,009.8499 8,046.44947 -0,02079523 4,617.584841 -155.4657418 39.0545
39.0545 7,009.2101 8,046.44947 -0,02080799 4,617.604664 -155.4704184 39.0547
39.0547 7,009.2760 8,046.44947 -0,02080668 4,617.602622 -155.4699366 39.0547
39.0547 7,009.2692 8,046.44947 -0,02080681 4,617.602833 -155.4699862 39.0547
ITERACIÓN 8
Y' Ti Pai (Pa) Pag dy'/dz h'Ga dTg/dZ Ti real
50.0000 12,333.93730 7,417.065574 0,10119259 4,430.716909 -45.579850 30.8862
30.8862 4,461.42862 7,417.065574 -0,05830943 4,676.090603 -94.076755 32.9937
32.9937 5,026.06459 7,417.065574 -0,04730891 4,658.883931 -88.680181 32.8375
32.8375 4,982.19990 7,417.065574 -0,04816581 4,660.222760 -89.079968 32.8496
0,050816654
32.8496 4,985.57398 7,417.065574 -0,04809991 4,660.119790 -89.049107 32.8487
32.8487 4,985.31426 7,417.065574 -0,04810498 4,660.127716 -89.051482 32.8487
32.8487 4,985.33425 7,417.065574 -0,04810459 4,660.127106 -89.051300 32.8487
32.8487 4,985.33271 7,417.065574 -0,04810462 4,660.127153 -89.051314 32.8487
ITERACIÓN 9
Y' Ti Pai (Pa) Pag dy'/dz h'Ga dTg/dZ Ti real
50 12,334 4,787.8828 0,15314972 4,787.88275 39.00961629 19.8404
19.8404 2,314 4,787.8828 -0,04761087 4,659.35569 -70.34513142 22.5586
22.5586 2,734 4,787.8828 -0,03961559 4,646.87527 -63.45831284 22.4299
22.4299 2,713 4,787.8828 -0,04002169 4,647.50864 -63.78413198 22.4363
0,031909898
22.4363 2,714 4,787.8828 -0,04000153 4,647.47719 -63.76790180 22.4360
22.4360 2,714 4,787.8828 -0,04000253 4,647.47876 -63.76870828 22.4360
22.4360 2,714 4,787.8828 -0,04000248 4,647.47868 -63.76866820 22.4360
22.4360 2,714 4,787.8828 -0,04000248 4,647.47868 -63.76867019 22.4360
ITERACIÓN 10
Y' Ti Pai (Pa) Pag dy'/dz h'Ga dTg/dZ Ti real
50.0000 12,333.937300 4,417.260739 0,16035982 4,341.942385 39.30995418 18.5762
18.5762 2,138.833310 4,417.260739 -0,04372775 4,653.291468 -35.74442485 21.3136
21.3136 2,533.980170 4,417.260739 -0,03621653 4,641.576153 -28.88788820 21.1916
21.1916 2,515.100670 4,417.260739 -0,03657609 4,642.136511 -29.19294749 21.1973
0,029327214
21.1973 2,515.982860 4,417.260739 -0,03655929 4,642.110329 -29.17864722 21.1971
21.1971 2,515.941600 4,417.260739 -0,03656008 4,642.111553 -29.17931599 21.1971
21.1971 2,515.943530 4,417.260739 -0,03656004 4,642.111496 -29.17928471 21.1971
21.1971 2,515.943440 4,417.260739 -0,03656004 4,642.111499 -29.17928617 21.1971
ITERACIÓN 11
Y' Ti Pai (Pa) Pag dy'/dz h'Ga dTg/dZ Ti real
50.0000 12,333.937300 4,054.928605 0,16738204 4,331.486913 44.010443 17.4821
17.4821 1,996.671010 4,054.928605 -0,03940053 4,646.539877 -33.589510 20.2631
20.2631 2,375.385310 4,054.928605 -0,0322126 4,635.339189 -26.614834 20.1444
20.1444 2,358.008560 4,054.928605 -0,03254301 4,635.853660 -26.912292 20.1497
0,026821324
20.1497 2,358.787220 4,054.928605 -0,0325282 4,635.830607 -26.898920 20.1495
20.1495 2,358.752300 4,054.928605 -0,03252887 4,635.831642 -26.899520 20.1495
20.1495 2,358.753860 4,054.928605 -0,03252884 4,635.831595 -26.899493 20.1495
20.1495 2,358.753790 4,054.928605 -0,03252884 4,635.831597 -26.899494 20.1495
ITERACIÓN 12
Y' Ti Pai (Pa) Pag dy'/dz h'Ga dTg/dZ Ti real
50.0000 123,339,373 3,702.646964 0,17418443 4,321.375047 48.72439348 16.4156
16.4156 1,866.1380 3,702.646964 -0,03506928 4,639.788505 -31.34976474 19.2373
19.2373 2,228.9501 3,702.646964 -0,02819277 4,629.083078 -24.26449495 19.1216
19.1216 2,212.9420 3,702.646964 -0,02849671 4,629.555906 -24.55455405 19.1266
0,024402778
19.1266 2,213.6308 3,702.646964 -0,02848363 4,629.535562 -24.54203457 19.1264
19.1264 2,213.6011 3,702.646964 -0,0284842 4,629.536438 -24.54257374 19.1264
19.1264 2,213.6024 3,702.646964 -0,02848417 4,629.536400 -24.54255051 19.1264
19.1264 2,213.6023 3,702.646964 -0,02848417 4,629.536402 -24.54255151 19.1264
ITERACIÓN 13
Y' Ti Pai (Pa) Pag dy'/dz h'Ga dTg/dZ Ti real
50.0000 12,333.93730 3,532.687558 0,1774575 4,316.515308 51.08561751 15.8980
15.8980 1,805.51537 3,532.687558 -0,03294277 4,636.476179 -30.18488567 18.7386
18.7386 2,160.66421 3,532.687558 -0,02621588 4,626.008464 -23.04764675 18.6244
18.6244 2,145.28747 3,532.687558 -0,02650763 4,626.462130 -23.33412035 18.6292
0,023242174
18.6292 2,145.93626 3,532.687558 -0,02649532 4,626.442989 -23.32199607 18.6290
18.6290 2,145.90886 3,532.687558 -0,02649584 4,626.443798 -23.32250809 18.6290
18.6290 2,145.91001 3,532.687558 -0,02649582 4,626.443764 -23.32248646 18.6290
18.6290 2,145.90996 3,532.687558 -0,02649582 4,626.443765 -23.32248737 18.6290
ITERACIÓN 14
Y' Ti Pai (Pa) Pag dy'/dz h'Ga dTg/dZ Ti real
50.0000 12,333.93730 3,365.74781 0,18066688 4,311.753736 53.44976718 15.3880
15.3880 1,747.49750 3,365.74781 -0,03083003 4,633.186853 -28.99677429 18.2469
18.2469 2,095.14415 3,365.74781 -0,02424933 4,622.951289 -21.80935808 18.1342
18.1342 2,080.36859 3,365.74781 -0,02452949 4,623.386740 -22.09231206 18.1389
0,022106111
18.1389 2,080.98013 3,365.74781 -0,02451789 4,623.368718 -22.08056541 18.1387
18.1387 2,080.95479 3,365.74781 -0,02451837 4,623.369465 -22.08105202 18.1387
18.1387 2,080.95584 3,365.74781 -0,02451835 4,623.369434 -22.08103186 18.1387
18.1387 2,080.95580 3,365.74781 -0,02451835 4,623.369435 -22.08103270 18.1387
L' [kg/m2·s] TG[ºC] Y' [Kg agua/Kg de gas seco ] C'H [ J/Kg·K] H'[J/kg de gas ] z[m] TL[ºC ] dY'/dTG
1 3.319 315 0 1089 323433.00 48.31 -0.00035585
2 3.339438288 280 0.012454776 1112.464799 322104.527047 0.055273558 47.969 -0.00034202
3 3.359151 245 0.02446734 1,135.096466 317856.554182 0.064111611 47.297 -0.00031936
4 3.377493 210 0.03564478 1,156.154758 309667.872336 0.075817814 46.188 -0.00027759
5 3.393437 175 0.04536051 1,174.459197 295976.948529 0.09202772 44.474 -0.0002062
6 3.405280 140 0.05257749 1,188.055991 274283.456302 0.115884822 41.885 -8.35E-05
7 3.410077 105 0.05550074 1,193.563386 240371.834982 0.154246316 37.954 0.00013383
8 3.402390 70 0.05081665 1,184.738577 186615.365004 0.303109199 31.807 0.00054019
9 3.371364 35 0.0319099 1,149.118248 98033.364216 0.393031077 21.636 0.00129134
10 3.367126 33 0.02932721 1,144.252472 89308.723680 0.068541703 20.625 0.00125295
11 3.363014 31 0.02682132 1,139.531375 80794.355075 0.074350769 19.636 0.00120927
12 3.359045 29 0.02440278 1,134.974833 72515.561963 0.081491046 18.672 0.0011606
13 3.357140 28 0.02324217 1,132.788256 68503.620760 0.040745523 18.204 0.00113606
14 3.355276 27 0.02210611 1,130.647913 64556.861817 0.042877035 17.743 0.00111038
Por tanto los valores encontrados nos permiten calcular el diámetro de la torre,
D=1.50m
Graficas
0.19520298 309667.86
0.2872307 295976.94
250000
200000
0.40311553 274283.46
150000
0.55736184 240371.82
100000
0.86047104 186615.38
50000
1.25350212 98033.36
0
1.32204382 89308.73
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
1.39639459 80794.37
1.47788564 72515.56 Z[m]
1.51863116 68503.63
1.61873456 64556.86
Z [m] TG[ºC]
315 T Vs Z
0.05527356 280
300
0.11938517 245
0.19520298 210 250
0.2872307 175 200
TG[ºC]
b) Calcule la altura necesaria del empaque. Tome la temperatura de base para las
entalpías como -15ºC, temperatura a la cual el calor latente de evaporación es
1197.5 kJ/kg. Tome CAL=2470; CA=1341; CB=846 J/kg.K. Con el fin de simplificar
los cálculos suponga que el área interfacial, espacio vacío, viscosidad del gas, ScG
y PrG permanecen constantes. Entonces FG varía directamente con G/G’0.36.
Puesto que hL.a es muy grande, suponga también que Ti=TL, para los fines
actuales, ignore cualquier solubilidad del CO2 en el metanol.
Ya conocemos las condiciones del gas y del líquido en el tope de la torre sin
embargo aun nos falta conocer las del fondo:
GAS ENTRANTE
TG1 = 80 °C = 353,15 K
LÍQUIDO A LA SALIDA
ITERACION 1:
TG
z
dTG
dz
TLi i 1 AL Li 1 0
'
L' C T T GS' C ' Hi TGi T0 0 Yi ' GS' C Hi
1 TGi 1 T0 Yi 1 0
'
T0
Li C AL
'
dY '
Y ' Y ' z z
dz
ITERACION 2:
ITERACION 3:
ITERACION 5:
ITERACION 6:
ITERACION 8:
ITERACION 9:
ITERACION 11:
ITERACION 12: