Earth protection of generator rotor in connection with current injection unit PIZ 50V and protection REJ 521

Earth fault protection of generator rotor

in connection with
current injection unit PIZ 50V and protection REJ 521

Document No: 1MCZ300045-EN

Issued: November 2004
Revision: D

© Copyright Petr Dohnálek 2004

ISO 9001:2000

1MCZ300045 EN rev.D 1
 Earth protection of generator rotor in connection with current injection unit PIZ 50V and protection REJ 521

Content

Content .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

Basic characteristic ................................................................................................................................................................ 3

Current injection source PIZ 50V......................................................................................................................................... 4

Range of application ............................................................................................................................................................ 4
Operation principle .............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Technical data ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Testing instructions.............................................................................................................................................................. 7
Size and assembly instructions ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Earth-fault relay REJ 521 ................................................................................................................................................... 10
Features.............................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Application......................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Design ................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Technical data .................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Ordering ............................................................................................................................................................................. 14

2 1MCZ300045 EN, rev.D

Earth protection of generator rotor in connection with current injection unit PIZ 50V and protection REJ 521

Basic characteristic
• Current injecting source is designed for earth fault protection of generator rotor.
• Earth fault protection of generator rotor is made by connection with overcurrent protection
REJ 521, (injecting source can also be used for multifunctional protections SPAJ, REJ, REM,
REG, etc.).
• The source can be used for all types of synchronous machines, that enable access to periphery of
rotor.
• The box of source has small dimensions. It is designed for panel assembly.

1MCZ300045 EN rev.D 3
 Earth protection of generator rotor in connection with current injection unit PIZ 50V and protection REJ 521

Current injection source PIZ 50V

Range of application

Current injection source PIZ 50V is source of auxiliary feeding. Together with overcurrent protection REJ
makes up for double level earth fault protection of synchronous machine rotor.

Operation principle

Current injection source is supplied by alternating voltage of 230 V, 130 V, and 100 V resp. 50/60Hz. Current
injection unit transforms the supplying voltage to alternating voltage of 50 V. The alternating voltage is
connected to machine rotor and to earth potential. Earth failure can arise between the earth potential and
periphery of rotor.
If an earth failure arises in periphery of the rotor, small failure current starts to leak through condensators of
current injection unit to failed locality of the rotor. Earth conductor and sensitive earth-fault relay (sensitive
earth fault protection) close the return current leak. The maximum failure current I1 is 16 mA. Once the earth-
fault current exceeds the set start current, the protection unit starts and after the set start time operates. The
sensitive earth fault protection should be insensitive to harmonic frequency of failure current. It is possible to
use the protection of this type: REJ, SPAJ, REM, REG. Regarding to rotor capacity towards earth, the
permanent current of range of miliamper leaks through the circuit in unfailure state. Setting of the current value
of the earth fault protection is defined by connection of resistance of 2000 Ω between rotor periphery and earth
potential.
Technical data

Supply (input) voltage 230 V, 130 V or 100 V alter

+ 10... -15 %, 50 / 60 Hz
Output voltage 50 V alter
Voltage withstand from terminals 1, 2, 4, 5 to terminal 10 1000 V direct
Current carrying capacity Permanent short circuit between clamps 1,2,4,5
and clamp 10 allowed
Condensator capacity 2 x 0,5 µF; 2,5 kV
Short circuit current between
connected clamps 1,2,4,5 against clamp 10 I1 = 16 mA
Maximum current of protection unit (claims 19-20) I2 ≤ 600 mA
Consumption ≤ 5,5 W
Maximum circuit resistance of protection unit (claim19-20) RSM = 3 Ω
Voltage of insulation test, input to both outputs,
output to output and all to earth - by IEC 60255-5 5 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min
Impuls test by IEC 60255-5 5 kV; 1,2/50s; 0,5 J
Cycle humidity heat by IEC 60068-2-48 -40 - +70 °C
Stage of cover of unit case IP 40
Unit mass ~ 1,0 kg
IEC 60068-2-30 (12+12 h cycle) +25..+50 °C, humidity > 93 %, 6 cycles
Operating temperature range by IEC 60068-2-1,-2-2 -10... +55 °C
Storage temperature range by IEC 60068-2-48 - 40... +70 °C
EMC – emission: correspond to ČSN EN 61000-6-4, class A, group 1 by ČSN EN 55011
EMC – immunity: correspond to ČSN EN 61000-6-2, supply – level 4 by ČSN EN 61000-4-4
– level 4 by ČSN EN 61000-4-5

4 1MCZ300045 EN, rev.D

 Earth protection of generator rotor in connection with current injection unit PIZ 50V and protection REJ 521

PIZ 50V
Protection current dependence on earth-fault resistance RZ
for circuit resistance Rsm = 0,1 Ω
Ranges of setting for various capacity of exciting system CZ = 0 µF; 0,2 µF; 0,5 µF; 0,7 µF; 1µF

600
I2 [mA]
560

520

480

440

400

360

320
Cz = 1µ F
280
Cz = 0,7µ F
240
Cz = 0,5µ F
200

160
Cz = 0,2µ F

120

Cz = 0µ F
80

40

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ω]
RZ [Ω

Cz – capacity of exciting system

Rz – resistance of line to-earth fault
I2 – current of protection unit
The values given here are informative only, they can vary by about 15 % depending on the internal resistance of
input current transformers and type of protection unit.

1MCZ300045 EN rev.D 5
 Earth protection of generator rotor in connection with current injection unit PIZ 50V and protection REJ 521

PIZ 50V
Protection current dependence on earth-fault resistance RZ
for circuit resistance Rsm = 3 Ω
Ranges of setting for various capacity of exciting system CZ = 0 µF; 0,2 µF; 0,5 µF; 0,7 µF; 1µF

340
I2 [mA]
320

300

280

260

240
Cz = 1µ F
220

200 Cz = 0,7µ F

180 Cz = 0,5µ F

160

140

120 Cz = 0,2µ F

100

80 Cz = 0µ F

60

40
20

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Ω]
RZ [Ω

Cz – capacity of exciting system

Rz – resistance of line to-earth fault
I2 – current of protection unit
The values given here are informative only, they can vary by about 15 % depending on the internal resistance of
input current transformers and type of protection unit.

6 1MCZ300045 EN, rev.D

Earth protection of generator rotor in connection with current injection unit PIZ 50V and protection REJ 521

Testing instructions

REJ 521

Circuit for testing of rotor earth fault protection is shown in fig. 1. Clamps 1,2 and 4,5 are wired and connected
to earth potential bundle 10 through testing breaker S and testing resistor R.
Protection settings are described in section. "Technical data"
The protection itself should be tested according to instructions for this protection.

1MCZ300045 EN rev.D 7
 Earth protection of generator rotor in connection with current injection unit PIZ 50V and protection REJ 521

Size and assembly instructions

The current injection source is installed inside a metallic case. The case can be assembled in arbitrary position to
plane panel. The connection can be done via Cu or Al conductors. Maximum conductor cross-section is 2,5 mm2
in the case of 2 wires in one clamp or 4 mm2 in the case of one wire in one clamp.

Fig. 2:

8 1MCZ300045 EN, rev.D

Earth protection of generator rotor in connection with current injection unit PIZ 50V and protection REJ 521

Fig. 3: Single-line connection

REJ 521

Fig. 4: Double-line connection

REJ 521

1MCZ300045 EN rev.D 9
 Earth protection of generator rotor in connection with current injection unit PIZ 50V and protection REJ 521

Earth-fault relay REJ 521

Features

Low-set non-directional earth-fault stage with definite time or inverse definite minimum time (IDMT)
characteristic

High-set non-directional earth-fault stage with instantaneous or definite time characteristic

Circuit-breaker failure protection unit (CBFP)

Disturbance recorder

Relay settings are modified via HMI or via a personal computer (free software available)

The relay settings are stored in a non-volatile memory

Two normally open power output contacts

Two change-over type signal output contacts

Accurate current input

Galvanically isolated binary input with a wide input voltage range

Output contact functions freely configurable for the desired operation

Optical PC connector for two-way data communication

Continuous self-supervision of hardware and software. At a permanent fault all stages and outputs are
blocked

User-selectable rated frequency 50/60 Hz

Application

The earth-fault relay REJ 521 is a secondary relay that is connected to the current transformers of the object to
be protected. The earth-fault unit continuously measures the detection of a fault, the relay starts, trips the circuit
breaker, provides alarms and records fault data in accordance with the application and the relay functions
configured.

Design

The relay consists of a high-set and a low-set earth-fault unit and a circuit-breaker failure protection unit.
Further, the relay includes a self-supervision system and a disturbance recorder unit.

Earth-fault unit
Once the earth-fault current exceeds the set start current of the low-set stage I 0 >, the earth-fault unit starts and,
after the preset start time of ~60 ms, it delivers a start signal. After the set operate time, at definite time opera-
tion, or the calculated operate time, at inverse time operation, the earth-fault unit operates.
In the same way, the high-set stage I 0 >> of the earth-fault unit starts when the set start current is exceeded, and
delivers a start signal after the preset ~40 ms start time. When the set operate time elapses, the earth-fault unit
operates.
The low-set stage of the earth-fault unit may be given a definite time or an inverse definite minimum time
(IDMT) characteristic. When the IDMT characteristic is used, six time/current curve groups are available. Four
of the curves comply with the standards BS 142 and IEC 255, and are called “normal inverse“, “very inverse”,
“extremely inverse” and “long time inverse”. The two additional inverse time curves are called “RI” and “RD”.

10 1MCZ300045 EN, rev.D

Earth protection of generator rotor in connection with current injection unit PIZ 50V and protection REJ 521

The inverse time function of stage I 0 > can be inhibited by the start of stage I 0 >>. Then the operate time is
determined by stage I 0 >>. If not needed, the I 0 >> stage can be set out of operation. This situation is indicated
by “999” when the set start current value is read via the serial communication.
The set start current value I 0 >>/I n of stage I 0 >> can be automatically doubled in a start situation, i.e. when
the object to be protected is connected to the network. Thus the start current of the overcurrent stage I 0 >> can
be set below the connection inrush current level.
A start situation is defined as the situation where the phase current rises from a value below 0.12 x I 0 > to a
value above 1.5 x I 0 > in less than 60 ms. The start situation ends when the current falls below 1.25 x I 0 >.

CBFP unit
The relay incorporates a circuit breaker failure protection (CBFP) unit. The CBFP unit generates a trip signal
via output PO2 after the set operate time of 0.1…1 s, provided the fault has not been cleared by that time.
Normally, the CBFP unit controls the upstream circuit breaker. It can also be used for tripping via redundant trip
circuits of the same circuit breaker, if the circuit breaker is provided with two trip coils. The circuit-breaker
failure protection unit is activated via a software switch.

Disturbance recorder unit

The relay includes an internal disturbance recorder, which records momentary values, internal logic and external
control signals. The disturbance recorder can be set to be triggered by the operation of the protection stages or
by an external trigger signal, either on the falling or rising edge.

Self-supervision unit
The relay is provided with a self-supervision system for monitoring internal faults. Once the self-supervision
system detects an internal relay fault, the ready indication LED starts blinking. At the same time, the normally
operated self-supervision alarm relay drops off and a fault code can be read from the relay. This fault code
identifies the fault that has been detected.

Communication capabilities
Relay data, such as events, input data, setting values and recorded information can be read via the optical PC
interface. The relay communicates over the SPA bus protocol, data transfer rate 4.8 or 9.6 kbps. For the
connection of a PC, an optical connection cable type 1MKC950001-1 is needed.

Auxiliary supply
For its operation the relay requires a secured auxiliary voltage supply. The internal power supply of the relay
forms the voltages required by the relay electronics. The power supply is galvanically isolated. A green LED
indicator “READY” on the front panel is lit when the power supply module is operating.
Rated voltage ranges:

AC range 80…265 V ac, rated
110/120/220/240 V

DC range 38…265V dc, rated
48/60/110/125/220 V

The primary side of the power supply is protected with a fuse located on the printed circuit board of the relay.
The fuse size is 2.5 A (slow).

1MCZ300045 EN rev.D 11
 Earth protection of generator rotor in connection with current injection unit PIZ 50V and protection REJ 521

Technical data

Table 1: Energizing inputs

Rated current In 0,2 A 1A
Thermal withstand capability continuously 1,5 A 4A
for 1 s 20 A 100 A
Dynamic current withstand, half-wave value 50 A 250 A
Input impedance < 750 mΩ < 100 mΩ
Rated frequency fn 50 Hz / 60 Hz ± 5 Hz

Table 2: Measuring ranges

Earth-fault current as a multiple of the rated current In of the 0…8 x In
energizing input

Table 3: Output contact ratings for power outputs (PO1 and PO2)
Terminals X2, 1/3-4, X2, 1/5-6
Rated voltage 250 V ac/dc
Continuous carry 5A
Make and carry for 0.5 s 30 A
Make and carry for 3.0 s 15 A
Breaking capacity for dc, when the trip circuit time constant 5 A/ 3 A / 1 A
L/R ≤ 40 ms, at 48/ 110/ 220 V dc
Contact material AgCdO2

Table 4: Output contact ratings for signal outputs and self-supervision output (SO1, SO2
and IRF)
Terminals X2, 1/7-8-9, X2, 1/10-11-12, X2, 1/13-14-15
Rated voltage 250 V ac/dc
Continuous carry 5A
Make and carry for 0.5 s 10 A
Make and carry for 3.0 s 8A
Breaking capacity for dc, when the trip circuit time 1A/ 0,25 A/ 0,15 A
L/R ≤ 40 ms, at 48/ 110/ 220 V dc
Contact material AgCdO2

Table 5: External binary input

External control rated voltage level Un = 24/ 48/ 60/ 110/ 220 V dc
Operative range 18…265 V dc
Typical control current of input circuit 2…25 mA

Table 6: Auxiliary voltage

Rated voltage Un = 110/ 120/ 220/ 240 V ac
Un = 48/ 60/ 110/ 125/ 220 V dc
Operative range 80…265 V ac
38…265 V dc
Power consumption 4…10 W

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Earth protection of generator rotor in connection with current injection unit PIZ 50V and protection REJ 521

Table 7: Data transmission

Transmission mode Optical PC interface RER 103
Protocol - rear panel SPA bus or IEC 608 70 – 5 – 103
Selectable data transfer rates 4,8 nebo 9,6 kbps
Optical connection cable – front panel 1MKC 950001-1 SPA bus protocol

Table 8: Dielectric tests

Insulation test according to IEC 60255-5 2,0 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min.
Impulse test according to IEC 60255-5 5 kV, 1,2/50 µs, 0,5 J
Insulation resistance test according to IEC 60255-5 >100 MΩ, 500 V dc

Table 9: Electromagnetic compatibility tests

The EMC immunity test level fulfils the requirements specified in the generic standard EN 50082-2
1 MHz burst disturbance test, common mode 2,5 kV
class III (IEC 60255-22-1)
differential mode 1,0 kV
Electrostatic discharge test, for contact discharge 6 kV
class III (IEC 61000-4-2) for air discharge 8 kV
Radio frequency interference test conducted, common mode 10 V (rms),
(IEC 61000-4-6) f = 150 kHz….80 MHz
radiated, amplitude-modulated (IEC 61000-4-3) 10 V/m (rms),
f = 80…1000 MHz
radiated, amplitude-modulated (ENV 50204) 10 V/m, f = 900 MHz
radiated, test with a portable f = 77,2 MHz, P = 6 W;
(IEC 60255-22-3, method C) f = 172,25 MHz, P = 5 W
Fast transient disturbance test ac/dc ports 4 kV
(IEC 60255-22-4 and IEC 61000- binary contacts 2 kV
4-4)
Surge immunity test power supply, ac/dc ports 4 kV, common mode
(IEC 61000-4-5) 2 kV, differential mode
I/O ports 2 kV, common mode
1 kV, differential mode
Electromagnetic emission tests conducted RF emission (mains terminal) EN 55011, class A
(EN 55011 a EN 50081-2) radiated RF emission EN 55011, class A
CE approval Complies with the EMC directive 89/336/EEC and the LV directive 73/23/EEC

Table 10: Mechanical tests

Vibration test (IEC 60255-21-1) class I
Shock/bump test (IEC 60255-21-2) class I

Table 11: Environmental conditions

Climatic environmental tests Dry cold test according to IEC 60068-2-1
Dry heat test according to IEC 60068-2-2
Damp heat test according to IEC 60068-2-30
Degree of protection by enclosure of the device case according to IEC 529, when IP54
the relay is panel-mounted
Weight of the relay 2,8 kg

1MCZ300045 EN rev.D 13
 Earth protection of generator rotor in connection with current injection unit PIZ 50V and protection REJ 521

Ordering

The order number identifies the hardware as described below..

This number is labelled on the marking strip on the front panel.
REJ521 B 413 B A A
Analogue interface type
A: Only matching transformers included
Digital input voltage range
A: Digital input voltage range
Ur = 24/48/60/110/220 V dc

Auxiliary voltage range of power supply

B: Ur = 110/120/220/240 V st; 48/60/110/125/220 V ss

Hardware number
Revision
Earth-fault relay

When ordering, please specify:

Ordering information Ordering example
Type designation and quantity REJ 521, 5 pieces
Order number REJ 521B 413-BAA
Optical connection cable 1 piece (1 MKC 950001-1)
Relay setting tool 1 piece (CAP 501)

Order numbers
Optical connection cable 1 MKC 950001-1
Relay setting tool CAP 501

The supplier of current injection unit PIZ 50 V, service measurement and cooperative protections settings is
DOHNÁLEK - ochrany pro energetiku
Úpská 132
542 23 Mladé Buky
Czech Republic
Telefon: +420 439 873 443
Fax: +420 439 873 442
E-mail: dohnalek@dohnalek.cz
Website: www.dohnalek.cz

The supplier of cooperative protection series SPAJ, REJ, REM, REG etc. is
ABB s.r.o
Division Power Technologies
Komenského 821
541 70 TRUTNOV
Czech Republic
Tel.: +420 439 808 111
Fax: +420 439 808 501
http://www.abb.cz

14 1MCZ300045 EN, rev.D