443/2

AGRICULTURE FORM 3
PAPER 2

AGRICULTURE FORM 3

443/2
AGRICULTURE
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS

Instructions
1. This paper consists of Three Sections A, B and C.
2. Answer ALL Questions in the Spaces Provided.
3. Answer ALL the Questions in Section A and B.
4. Answer any TWO questions from Section C.

Section Question Max. Score Marks Awarded

Section A 1 -20 30
B 20
C 40
Total 90

SECTION A (30 Marks)

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1. State two reasons of keeping livestock healthy. (1 Marks)
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2. State four measures that should be taken to prevent an outbreak of Newcastle disease in
poultry. (2 Marks)
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3. Give two uses of proteins in livestock. (1 Mark)

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4. How long is the oestrous cycle in cattle. ( ½ Mark)

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5. State two methods of extracting honey from honey combs. (1 Mark)

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6. Give four ways in which diseases can spread from one animal to another within a farm.
(2 Marks)
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7. State five factors to be considered when selecting female rabbits for breeding. (2 ½ Marks)

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8. State two reasons of treating timber for fencing. (1 Mark)

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9. State two conditions which make it necessary to feed bees. (1 Mark)

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10. State four factors which determine the amount of feed an animal can consume. (2 Marks)
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11. List four tools used for laying stones when constructing a wall. (2 Marks)
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12. State two reasons why the Friesian breed is not suited to marginal areas. (1 Mark)
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13. Explain the term hybrid vigour as used in livestock breeding. (1 Mark)

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14. State four qualities that make colostrums suitable for a newly born calf. (2 Marks)
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15. State four signs of infestations by internal parasites in livestock. (2 Marks)

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16. Why is it necessary to have: -

a) Guard rails in a farrowing pen. (1 Mark)
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b) Reflector in a brooder. (1 Mark)
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17. Give two reasons of having a footbath in a cattle dip. (1 Mark)

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18. Distinguish between cropping and harvesting in fish farming. (1 Mark)

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19. State two functions of the rumen in a ruminant digestive system. (1 Mark)

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20. Give the distinguishing colour for each of the following breeds of livestock.
a) Landrace pig. ( ½ Mark)
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b) Light Sussex chicken. ( ½ Mark)
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21. State four reasons for castration in cattle. (2 Marks)

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SECTION B (20 Marks)

22. a) On the diagram of a cow below, indicate by numbers 1-6 the sites most preferred by
ticks. (3 Marks)

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 b) Give six methods used to control ticks in the farm. (3 Marks)
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c) Name the tool labeled L on the diagram. ( ½ Mark)
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d) Using observable features only, state two characteristics which show that this is a dairy
cow. (1 Mark)
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23. K, M, N and L are diagrams of farm tools. Study them and answer the questions that follow.

a) Identify the farm tools. (2 Marks)

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M - ……………………………..
N - ……………………………..
L - ……………………………..

b) State the use of each tool. (2 Marks)

K ………………………………………………………………………..
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N ………………………………………………………………………..
L ………………………………………………………………………..

c) State any four general maintenance practices of farm tools. (2 Marks)

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24. Below is a diagram of a farm structure for storing grains.

a) Identify the farm structure identified above. (1 Mark)

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b) State the function of the part labeled Y. (1 Mark)
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c) State two maintenance practices that should be carried out on the farm structure before
storing grains. (1 Mark)
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25. Below is a diagram of a farm fence.

a) Identify the type of fence illustrated above. (1 Mark)

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b) State two uses of the fence illustrated above in a farm. (1 Mark)
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c) Give one disadvantage of the fence in a farm. (1 Mark)
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SECTION C (40 Marks)

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26. a) Outline the characteristics which assist a poultry farmer in culling of non-laying birds.
(12 Marks)
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b) Explain the procedure of administering a solid tablet dewormer to a cow using a bolus
gun. (3 Marks)
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c) Explain five methods which are used to carry out identification in livestock. (5 Marks)
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27. a) Describe the reproductive system of a hen. (7 Marks)

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b) Explain eight advantages of Artificial Insemination (AI) in livestock breeding. (8 Marks)

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c) Explain five characteristics of an ideal calf pen. (5 Marks)

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28. a) Outline ten symptoms of Tryponosomiasis disease. (10 Marks)

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b) Describe the lifecycle of two-host tick. (5 Marks)

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c) Outline the tools which are required for the construction of a permanent deep litter house
and give uses for each. (5 Marks)
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 FORM 3 AGRICULTURE PAPER 2

MARKING SCHEME PAPER 2

1. - Reduced spread of diseases to man and other livestock.

- Reduce cost of treatment / Cost of production / Are economical to keep
- Have high quality products
- Have high production / Work output
- Grow fast / have earlier maturity
- To increase productive life of animals (2 x ½ = 1 Mark)

2. - Vaccinate birds at regular intervals

- Isolate affected birds / destroy infected birds
- Disinfect the house before bringing in new birds
- Impose quarantine on the farm
- Ensure proper farm hygiene e.g. cleaning
- Obtain chicks from reliable sources (2 Marks)

3. – Provide raw materials for synthesis of animal products e.g. milk, eggs, etc.
- Synthesis of cells / growth of cells
- Used to produce energy
- Formation of enzymes and antibodies, hormones
- Maintenance of body tissues / repair and replacement of worn out tissues
(2 x ½ = 1 Mark)
4. Ouestrus cycle in cattle lasts
19 – 21 days (1 x 1 = 1 Mark)

5. – Centrifugal extractor
- Crushing and straining / squeezing

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 - Heat method (2 x ½ = 1 Mark)

6. – by carrying agents e.g. vectors, utensils, sacks, grass/animal attendant

- Contact / Abrasion on body of affected animal
- Through wounds
- Through inhalation of pathogens
- By ingestion of contaminated food and water
(4 x ½ = 2 Marks)
7. – Health
- Growth rate / body size / weight
- Productivity / size of littler / regular breeder
- Temperament / mothering ability
- Age
- Breed appropriateness
(5 x ½ = 2 ½ Marks)
8. – To prevent warping
- To reduce insect damage
- To prevent rotting / damage by fungi
- To enable timber achieve maximum strength
(2 x ½ = 1 Mark)
9. – A new beehive / encourage bees to occupy it
- New colony in a new hive
- Inadequate flowers / drought
(2 x ½ = 1 Mark)
10. – Body size / weight
- Age
- Level of production / amount of work done
- Physiological status of body e.g. sickness, pregnancy
- Weather conditions
(4 x ½ = 2 Marks)
11. – Spirit level

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 - Mason’s trowel
- Try square / mason’s square, metre rule / tape measure
- Float
- Plumb bob
- Mason’s chisel / bolster
- Mason’s hammer / brick hammer
- String / line
(4 x ½ = 2 Marks)
12. – Friesian breed requires more food
- Friesian breed has low tolerance to heat
- Friesian breed has low resistance to tropical diseases
- Friesian breed is a poor grazer on poor pastures
(2 x ½ = 1 Mark)
13. Hybrid vigour is the increased ability and performance of the offsprings above the average of
the two undated parents. (1 x 1 = 1 Mark)
14. – Colostrum is highly nutritious / has high proteins / fat / vitamins / minerals
- Colostrum is highly digestible
- Colostrum has antibiotics for body defence
- Colostrums has a laxative effect / cleans the digestive system / removes faecal fungi
(meconium).
(4 x ½ = 2 Marks)
15. – Coughing
- Sneezing
- Pot belly
- Bottle jaws in sheep
- Diarrhea
- Anaemia
- Loss of fur and hair
- Mucus discharge from nostrils
- Dung has blood stains
- Parasite segments in dung

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 - Anorexia / loss of appetite / excessive appetite
- Emaciation / body becomes thin / weak
- Low production (4 x ½ = 2 Marks)

16. a) Guard rails – Prevent sow from lying on the piglets

Prevents sow from feeding on creep feed (1 x 1 = 1 Mark)

b) Reflector in a brooder radiates the heat evenly. (1 x 1 = 1 Mark)

17. Footbath contains Cu(II)SO4 to control foot rot

Water mixture removes dirt from the feet
(2 x ½ = 1 Mark)
18. Cropping is selective removal of marketable sized fish from a fishpond.
Harvesting is removal of all the fish from the pond. (1 x 1 = 1 Mark)

19. Rumens functions

- Has microorganisms that assist in cellulose digestion
- Synthesis of A.A. and F.A. from ammonia
- Synthesis of vitamin B complex, K and D
- Absorption of NH3 and F.A.
- Mixing and chuning of food with water
(2 x ½ = 1 Mark)
20. a) Land race pig – White in colour ( ½ Mark)
b) Light Sussex chicken – white ( ½ Mark)

21. – Makes animal docile

- Enhances fattening
- Controls breeding
- Promotes production of high quality meat
- Promotes fast growth / early maturity (4 x ½ = 2 Marks)
SECTION B (20 Marks)

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22. a) Face, ear, neck, vulva, decolap, udder
Base of horns, ear, tail head
(6 x ½ = 2 Marks)
b) - Double fencing of pasture fields
- Burning of pasture field
- Ploughing pasture field
- Top dressing pastures with lime, spray with acaricides
- Hand picking / deticking and crushing
- Paddocking / rotational grazing
- Pye greasing / dipping / spraying with acaricides
- By predator birds
(6 x ½ = 3 Marks)
c) L – Halter ( ½ Mark)

d) - Triangular shape / Angular shaped body

- Large udder
- Prominent milk well and veins
- Well set hind quarters
- Long thin neck (2 x ½ = 1 Mark)

23. a) K – Spoke shave

L – Drenching gun / Dosing gun
M – Mason’s square / Try Square
N – Garden Trowel (4 x ½ = 2 Marks)

b) K – Smoothing curved wood surfaces; wood surfaces with nails

L – Administering liquid dewormers to animals
M – Applying mortar between stones during construction
N – Uprooting seedlings during transplanting. (4 x ½ = 2 Marks)

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 c) - Sharpening cutting edges
- Clean after use
- Grease moving parts
- Oil metallic parts to prevent rusting
- Proper storage
- Repair broken parts / Replace broken parts
- Tighten loose bolts and nuts
(4 x ½ = 2 Marks)
24. a) Modern granary / grain store. (1 x ½ = ½ Mark)
b) Rat guard / metal plate – Prevents rodents from reaching the store from the ground.
(1 x 1 = 1Mark)
c) - Clean store
- Dust / fumigate / spray store with appropriate pesticides / insecticides e.g. actallic,
BHC, malathion
- Carry out repairs if any.
(2 x ½ = 1 Mark)

25. a) Electric fence. (1 x 1 = 1 Mark)

b) - Used in controlling livestock when grazing / Facilitates strip grazing
- Controls intruders / wild animals to the farm (2 x 1 = 2 Marks)
c) - Expensive to install
- Cannot be used where there is no electricity as a source of power
- Requires more skills to install and maintain
- Electric shock can lead to death of people and livestock.

SECTION C (40 Marks)

26. a) Physical features in non-laying birds

- Broodiness is common
- Moulting starts early
- Feathers are beautiful, glossy, shiny, smooth

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 - Abdomen full and round / hard / shrunken
- Abdomen cannot accommodate 3-4 fingers between keel bone and pelvic bone
- Comb shrunken / shriveled
- Comb pale in colour
- Comb cold to feel
- Dull eyes and pale
- Comb dry / dull
- Vent shrunken, rounded, dry
- Vent is dry or less moist
- Pelvic bones cannot fit 2-3 fingers (only one finger)
- Pelvic bones are rigid, blunt bones
- Lazy and dull
- Yellow vent, beak and shank
(12 Marks)

b) Procedure of administering a solid tablet

- Restrain cow in a crush
- Put the solid tablet in the bolus gun
- Hold cow by nostrils
- Lift up its head
- Open its mouth
- Press / hold the tongue
- Shoot the tablet right inside the mouth as far as possible by pressing the butt of the
bolus gun.
(6 x ½ = 3 Marks)
Procedure must follow steps.

c) - Branding; done by placing marks on fleshy parts of the body using hot iron.
- Ear tagging; putting ear tags with numbers or name on the animal’s ear using ear tag
applicator.
- Ear notching; cutting of marks on animal’s ears using ear notcher to show identity.

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 - Use of neck straps; straps made of cloth, leather or metal plates placed on the shoulders
of the animal to show number or name used during parades.
- Ear tattooing; putting tattoo marks (name, No.) on light skinned parts of the animal e.g.
inner part of ear, udder, muzzle using ear tattooing machine.
½ Mark – Mentioning method (5 x ½ =2 ½ Marks)
½ Mark – Statement explanation / emphasis on tool used and body part
(5 x ½ = 2 ½ Marks)

27. a) Hen’s reproductive system.

i) Ovary – Produces ovum/ova

ii) Funnel/Infundibulum – Egg fertilization
- Addition of chalazae
- Stays for 14 minutes
iii) Magnum – Addition of thick albumin
- Stays for 3 hours
iv) Isthmus – Addition of small membranes, minerals, water and vitamins
- Stays for 15 minutes
v) Vagina – Temporary storage of egg

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 vi) Cloaca – Allows removal of the egg
(7 x 1 = 7 Marks)
b) Advantages of A.I.
- Controls breeding
- No wastage of semen
- Semen from bulls that cannot serve can be used
- No extra cost of taking care of a bull
- Easy to transport and store semen
- A good research tool for showing inherited characteristics by comparing offsprings of
same size.
- Economical for small scale farmers.
- Heavy bulls cannot injure small cows.
- Reduce transmission of breeding diseases.
- Eliminates dangerous bulls from the farm.
(8 x 1 = 8 Marks)

c) Characteristics of an ideal calf pen

- Well ventilated
- Clean / easy to clean
- Be leak proof
- Well drained floor
- Drought free
- Enough light
- Enough space (5 x 1 = 5 Marks)

28. a) Symptoms of Tryponasomiasis

- High temperature
- Dullness
- Loss of appetite / anorexia
- General body weakness
- Swollen lymph nodes

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 - Lachrimation / excessive tear production
- Diarrhea
- Rough hair coat
- Swollen underside of belly
- Decrease in production
- Loss of hair at taol end
- Anaemia
- Abortion due to fever
(10 x 1 = 10 Marks)

b) Life cycle of Two-host ticks

- Eggs hatch into larvae on the ground.

- Larvae climb onto first host

- Larvae suck blood.

- Larvae moult into nymph while still on first host

- Nymph feed on blood from the host

- Nymph drop to the ground

- Nymph moult into adult on the ground

- Adult climb onto second host

- Adult suck blood from second host

- Adults mate and females drop to the ground

- Adults lay eggs on the ground.

(10 x ½ = 5 Marks)

c) Tools needed for construction of a permanent deep litter house

- Mason’s trowel – Putting mortar betweens tones.
- Mason’s square – Taking measurements of stones; angles of stones
- Mason’s hammer – Dressing stones

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- Claw hammer – Fixing nails on wood.
- Handsaw – Cutting wood . make joints
- Rammer – Firming concrete
- String/line – Measurements; making stone walls straight
- Plumb bob – Checking level of walls, floors
- A pair of pliers – Cutting wire mesh
- Float – Spreading screed / Smoothing of walls, floor
Mention tool – ½ Mark = (5 x ½ = 2 ½ Marks)
Use of tool – ½ Mark = (5 x ½ = 2 ½ Marks)

- THE END -

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