SCIENCE Examples of biodegradable materials: fruit and vegetable

peelings, plant clippings, dead plants and animals

Lesson 1: Recognizing Useful and Harmful Materials
Compost pit - shallow hole dug in the ground, then covered
Useful material - it serves its purpose or even beyond. with topsoil.

Waste - it can no longer be used after it has served its Compost - natural fertilizer
purpose

Landfill - a dumping site where waste materials are covered
with layers of soil so as not to pollute the surrounding land.
Examples of safe materials:
- paper
- clothing
- plant clippings
-food scraps
Toxic - harmful to living things and the environment
Examples: batteries, rubber tires, paint
Lesson 2: Properties of Materials
Matter - anything that occupies space
Physical property - a characteristic of a material that can be
readily observed without changing its composition; can be
identified using the five senses or some measuring tools.
Physical properties of a material:
Hardness - ability of a material to be rigid and resist
pressure that may cause deformation or change in its shape
Lesson 3: Waste Management Using the 5Rs Techniques
3Rs strategy - reduce, reuse, recycle
5Rs strategy - 3Rs, recover, repair
Reduce - lessen the amount of trash that will add up to the
environment
Reuse - to find another use for materials that have already
been used or that have already served its purpose.
Recycle - to create a new product out of a material that has
already served its purpose.
**Recycling produces a new material out of discarded ones,
while reusing uses the same material over and over again.
**Recycling not only helps reduce waste. It also provides a
source of income to families.
Recover - one must recover the energy that comes from the
trash itself
Incinerating technology - burning of piles of garbage in a
huge incinerator to produce heat and electricity
- One way of generating energy from wastes

Brittleness - ability of a material to break easily
Flexibility - ability of a material to be bent without breaking
Elasticity - ability of a material to be stretched and then
return to its original shape after
Segregation - garbage are segregated in a Material
Recovery Facility (MRF)
Repair - to fix slightly broken things to make them useful
again.

Conductivity - ability to let heat and electricity pass

through them

Malleability - ability of a material to be hammered into thin

sheets

Ductility - ability to be drawn into thin wires

Chemical property - composition of a material has to

change first before a certain property can be observed

Chemical properties of a material:

Combustibility - ability of a material to burn

Flammability - ability of a material to ignite or catch fire

easily

Examples of combustible materials: wood, sawdust, dried

leaves, paper, wax, gasoline, kerosene, oil, thinner, varnish

Biodegradability - ability of a material to easily decompose