Solution 1

Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería FIEE
EE610M Análisis de Señales y Sistemas
Signals and Systems
Focuses on the analysis of

deterministic signals and linear time-
invariant (LTI) systems.
Fuente: Signals and Systems. Simon Haykin. 2nd edition. 2003.

Docente Ing. CIP Fredy Mendoza Cárdenas fredy.mendoza.c@gmail.com / 996 919 506
Signals and Systems
1. Introduction 6. Representing Signals by Using

2. Time-Domain Representations of Continuous-Time Complex
Linear Time-Invariant Systems Exponentials: the Laplace Transform
3. Fourier Representations of Signals 7. Representing Signals by Using
and Linear Time-Invariant Systems Discrete-Time Complex
Exponentials: the z-Transform
4. Applications of Fourier
Representations to Mixed Signal 8. Application to Filters and Equalizers
Classes 9. Application to Linear Feedback
5. Application to Communication Systems
Systems

Chapter 1 Introduction
 Signal
 System
 Overview of systems
 Classification of signals
 Operation on signals
 Elementary signals
 Interconnection of operations
 Property of systems
 Noise
 Examples
1.1 Signal ?
For example: speech signal.
A signal is defined as a function of one

or more variables that conveys
information on the nature of a physical
phenomenon.

1.2 System ?
For example: vocal tract.
A system is defined as an entity that

manipulates one or more signals to
accomplish a function, thereby yielding
new signals.
Figure 1.1 (p. 2)
Block diagram representation of a system.

1.3.1 Overview of systems: communication systems
Types: Analog communication system

(modulation - amplitud, phase,
frequency). Digital communication
system (sampling, quantization-
irreversible, coding; data compression,
channel encoding)
Figure 1.2 (p. 3)
Elements of a communication system. The
Modes: Broadcasting. Point-to-point transmitter changes the message signal into a
form suitable for transmission over the
channel. The receiver processes the channel
Channel noise. output (i.e., the received signal) to produce an
estimate of the message signal.
1.3.2 Overview of systems: control systems
Reasons for using control systems:

response
robustness
Control systems:
Figure 1.4 (p. 7)
single-input, single-output (SISO) Block diagram of a feedback control system.
system The controller drives the plant, whose
disturbed output drives the sensor(s). The
multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) resulting feedback signal is subtracted from
system the reference input to produce an error signal
e(t), which, in turn, drives the controller. The
feedback loop is thereby closed.
1.3.3 Overview of systems: microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
Thin film techniques.
Figure 1.6a (p. 8)

Structure of lateral capacitive accelerometers.
(Taken from Yazdi et al., Proc. IEEE, 1998)
1.3.4 Overview of systems: remote sensing
The acquisition of information: passive

manner, active manner.
Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) is a

special type of radar to acquire high-
resolution images where the antenna's
aperture is synthesized by signal-
processing.
Fourier transform. Fast Fourier

transform (FFT) algorithm.
1.3.5 Overview of systems: biomedical signal processing (1/2)
The goal of biomedical signal

processing is to extract information
from a biological signal. The generation
of many biological signals found in the
human body is traced to the electrical
activity of large groups of nerve cells or
muscle cells.
The electroencephalogram (EEG)

measures the electrical field associated
with the current flowing through a internet
group of neurons.
1.3.5 Overview of systems: biomedical signal processing (2/2)
A major issue of concern in biomedical

signal proccesing is the detection and
suppresion of artifacts. An artifact is
that part of a signal produced by events
that are extraneous to the biological
event of interest.
Instrumental artifacts: filtering. Figure 1.9 (p. 13)

The traces shown in (a), (b), and (c) are three
Biological artifacts: filtering. examples of EEG signals recorded from the
Analysis artifacts: quantization. hippocampus of a rat. Neurobiological studies
suggest that the hippocampus plays a key role
in certain aspects of learning and memory.

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Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería FIEE

EE610M Análisis de Señales y Sistemas

Signals and Systems

Focuses on the analysis of

Fuente: Signals and Systems. Simon Haykin. 2nd edition. 2003.

Signals and Systems

1. Introduction 6. Representing Signals by Using

Fuente: Signals and Systems. Simon Haykin. 2nd edition. 2003.

For example: speech signal.

A signal is defined as a function of one

Fuente: Signals and Systems. Simon Haykin. 2nd edition. 2003.

For example: vocal tract.

A system is defined as an entity that

Fuente: Signals and Systems. Simon Haykin. 2nd edition. 2003.

1.3.1 Overview of systems: communication systems

Types: Analog communication system

1.3.2 Overview of systems: control systems

Reasons for using control systems:

1.3.3 Overview of systems: microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)

Thin film techniques.

Figure 1.6a (p. 8)

1.3.4 Overview of systems: remote sensing

The acquisition of information: passive

Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) is a

Fourier transform. Fast Fourier

1.3.5 Overview of systems: biomedical signal processing (1/2)

The goal of biomedical signal

The electroencephalogram (EEG)

1.3.5 Overview of systems: biomedical signal processing (2/2)

A major issue of concern in biomedical

Instrumental artifacts: filtering. Figure 1.9 (p. 13)

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