Register Number

SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
Course & Branch :B.E - AERO/AUTO/M&P/MECH
Title of the Paper :Fluid Mechanics & Machinery Max. Marks:80
Sub. Code :SMEX1005 (2010) Time : 3 Hours
Date :02/05/2012 Session :AN
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

Answer ALL the Questions
1. Define kinematics viscosity and give its significance.
2. State the conditions for the stability of floating bodies.
3. State the assumptions for obtaining Bernoulli equation.
4. Define ‘Coefficient of velocity’, ‘Coefficient of contraction’ and
‘Coefficient of discharge’.
5. What is ‘hydraulic diameter’ and explain its significance.
6. Define Reynolds number and give its significance in pipe flow.
7. Define manometric head manometric efficiency of a centrifugal
pump.
8. What are the advantages of installing air vessels in a
reciprocating pump?
9. Differentiate between impulse and reaction turbines.
10. What is meant by cavitations? Define ‘Thoma’s cavitations
number.
PART – B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer ALL the Questions
11. (a) Two large vertical plane parallel surfaces are 5 mm apart and
the space between them is filled with a fluid. A thin plate of 12.5
 cm square falls freely between the planes along the central plane
and reaches a steady velocity of 2 m/s. Determine the weight of
the plate if the viscosity of the fluid filling the space is 0.02
Ns/m2. (5)
(b) A rocket is accelerating horizontally to the right at 10 g. The
pressure gauge is connected by a 0.6 m length tube to the left end
of the fuel tank. If the pressure in the tank is 35 bar, and if fuel
specific gravity is 0.8, determine the pressure gauge reading. (7)
(or)
12. (a) Derive an expression for the centre of pressure of an inclined
plane.
(b) Determine the meta-centric height of the combined unit of a
rectangular pontoon, 9m long, 7m wide and 2 m deep weighing
500 kN carrying on its deck a boiler of 3 m diameter weighing
300 kN. The centre of gravity of each unit may be takne to be at
the geometric centre and along the same line. Also calculate the
restoring torque for a tilt of 4 from vertical. Assume the centre
to be on the vertical line.

13. An open tank of diameter D containing water to depth ho is

emptied by a smooth orifice of diameter d at the bottom. Derive
an expression for the time taken to reduce the height to h. Also
find the time tmax for emptying the tank.
(or)
14. (a) Water is discharged through a 15 cm diameter orifice in the
vertical side of a open tank at the rate of 190 litres per second.
Water stands 15 m above the centerline of the orifice. A point on
the jet measured from the vena contracta has co-ordinates 5 m
horizontal and 0.5 m vertical. Find the hydraulic coefficients Cv,
Cc and Cd of the orifice. (7)
(b) A venturimeter with throat diameter 0.065 m and coefficient
of discharge 0.95 is used to calibrate a pitot static tube. Air flows
through a 110 mm diameter horizontal pipe in which the
venturimeter is fitted. The difference in water level in the
 manometer attached to the venturimeter is 50mm. The pitot static
tube is placed downstream of the venturimeter and the water
manometer attached to the pitot static tube shows a reading of 7
mm. Calculate the flow rate through the pipe and the coefficient
of velocity of the pitot static tube. Assume the density of air as
1.13 kg/m3 and that of water as 1000 kg/m3. (5)

15. (a) Explain the terms (i) pipes in series and (ii) pipes in
parallel. (5)
(b) A pipe line of total length 3000 m is made up of two
diameters, 200 mm for the first run and 150 mm for the second
run, connects two reservoirs. The first run ends at a level 1.5 m
below the level of the higher reservoir and the total difference in
levels is 13.5m. The friction coefficient for both sections is
0.02m. Determine the maximum length of the run so that the
pressure at this point does not go more than 3 m below
atmosphere. Also calculate the flow rate. Neglect minor losses.
(or)
16. (a) A 30 cm pipe with friction factor f = 0.024 carries water to a
turbine at the rate of 0.25 m3/s over a distance of 160 m. The
difference in levels between the water inlet and the turbine inlet
is 36 m. Determine the efficiency of transmission. The turbine
outlet delivery is submerged into the tailrace and the velocity at
the exit is 0.4 times the velocity in the pipe.
(b) An oil of specific gravity 0.82 and kinematic viscosity 16 x
10-6 m2/s flows in a smooth pipe of 8 cm diameter at a rate of
2I/s. Determine whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. Also
calculate the velocity at the centre line and the velocity at a radius
of 2.5 cm. What is head loss for a length of 10 m. What will be
the entry length? Also determine the wall shear.
17. (a) Explain why priming is required to start a centrifugal
pump. (3)
(b) A centrifugal pump with an impeller diameter of 0.4 m runs at
1450 rpm. The angle at outlet of the backward curved vane is 25
 with tangent. The flow velocity remains constant at 3 m/s. If the
manometric efficiency is 84%, determine the fraction of the
kinetic energy at outlet recovered as static head.
(or)
18. (a) A single acting reciprocating of pump handles water. The
bore and stroke of the unit are 20 cm and 30 cm. The suction pipe
diameter is 12 cm and length is 8 m. The delivery pipe diameter
is 12 cm and length is 24 m. f = 0.02. The speed of operation is
32 rpm. Determine the friction power with and without air
vessels. (8)
(b) A single acting reciprocating water pump of 180 mm bore and
240 mm stroke operates at 40 rpm. Determine the discharge if the
slip is 8%. Estimate the value of coefficient of discharge. If the
suction and delivery heads are 6 m and 20 m respectively,
determine the theoretical power. If the overall efficiency was
80%, what is the power required. (4)
19. (a) State the conditions required to obtain a similarity between
the models and the prototype. (3)
(b) The following details are available about a Francis turbine.
Diameters are 2.25 m and 1.5 m. Widths are 0.25 m and 0.375 m.
The guide blade outlet angle is 18 and the runner blade angle is
85, both angles with the blade velocity direction. Frictional loss
is 15% of the pressure head 60 m available between the inlet and
outlet of the runner. Calculate, the speed and output of the
turbine. Also find the blade outlet angle. Mechanical efficiency is
92%. Blade thickness blocks the flow area by 8%. (9)
(or)
20. (a) Explain the principle of dimensional homogeneity. (3)
(b) Players use spin in ball plays like tennis, golf etc. As the ball
moves the spin rate will decrease. If the aerodynamic torque τ on
the ball in flight depends on the forward speed u, density and
viscosity of air, the ball diameter D, angular velocity of spin, ω
and the roughness height е on the ball surface, determine the
dimensionless parameters to correlate the situation. (9)