GUL Interworking Principal & Solution Introduction PDF

GUL Interworking Principal & Solution
Introduction
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

1 GUL Interworking Background & Challenges
2 GUL Idle Mode/Connected Mode/CSFB/MLB
3 GUL Interworking KPI Introduction
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

Typical Network Deployment Trend
Network Deployment Strategy
O operation in A Country
2015
L2300(TDD-20M)
L2300(TDD-20M)
L2600(FDD-20M)
L1800(FDD-15M)
L700(FDD-10M)
U2100(20M)
U900(4.2M)
G900(4.2M)
Different RAT used for Coverage & Capacity layer, Increases Network complexity & interworking problems

Typical Network Top and Structure
The following is typical GUL network coverage : GSM with
IRAT interworking, especially applied in the LTE early establishment stage,
widest coverage, UMTS and LTE with hotpot coverage,
while the coverage not continues and no voice barer network (IMS).
solutions needed for UE power on, register, handover
The typical network structure as follows:
requirement.
UMTS
LTE LTE
UMTS
GSM

Operator’s Problems
Complicate network situation:
1. Cell edge coverage not good
enough, which network to camp? Multi mode, multi freq.
Which network
2. How to keep continuous service in
to camp？
connecting status?  Different coverage with different freq.
 New network cannot get a perfect coverage
L2600 L2600  Cell load is too heavy for hot spot or dense
L1800 L1800 L1800
Heavy load cell area
Facing problems
L800 L800 Idle mode 1）In multi mode and multi freq. network,
camping which network to camp?
2）How to reselect when coverage is not good?
U2100 U2100 U2100
How to balance
cell load, Service How to keep service continuity when user is in
U900 U900
increase user continuity cell edge?
experience? Load When cell load is heavy, how to balance
G900/1800 G900/1800 balance between cells belonged to different freq/mode.
Traffic layer 1）How to keep voice service continuous from

LTE network?
1. How to adjust idle strategies to
2）What is the traffic layer strategy within
balance traffic load when connected.
UMTS network?
2. How to raise efficiency of new
3）What is the traffic layer strategy between
network(LTE e.g)?
GSM and UMTS?


Inter-working Solution Overview(1/2)
Idle mode solution
Traffic continuity solution
Terminal optimized Basic Solutions
CS&PS service seamless
camping & seamless  Idle mode solution
between different network
reselection between modes  Traffic continuity solution
LTE coverage solution
and freq. Necessary solution for every
UMTS coverage solution
 inter network camping network
GSM coverage solution
 intra network camping
Broad pipe
Option Solutions
Load balance solution Traffic layer solution
Traffic steered to suitable  Load balance solution
Raise network inter-
network, to get better user  Traffic layer solution
network efficiency experiences & capacity
To choose based on terminal
GSM heavy load solution GU Traffic layer solution
L->U CSFB solution penetration, network load,
UMTS heavy load solution
UMTS intra network Traffic operator requirement.
LTE heavy load solution layer solution

Inter-working Solution Overview(2/2)
Base on the SW version and UE ability, 3 stages suggested as follows :
Idle mode mobility
LTE/EPC UMTS
PS service mobility
Voice service mobility Cell Reselection Step1 Step 2

+ Measurement + PSHO
 Blind
• VoIP through IMS is agreed as target voice solution of LTE Redirection
• CSFB is migration solution before VoIP over LTE is available (IMS deployment and
CSFB over Blind
terminal supporting VoIP/SRVCC are available) and CSFB would co-exist with Redirection
VoIP when VoIP is deployed.
• SRVCC supports the LTE VoIP handover to UMTS CS Voice when out of LTE Step1 Step2 Step3
coverage
• If VoIP is implemented over HSPA, only PS handover for LTE to UMTS voice
continuity
GU Version Required & UE recommended for Probe Test
Suggested
System Target RAN ability Required Version
Version
GSM to LTE reselection GBSS12.0 GBSS14.0
LTE to GSM PSHO GBSS12.0 GBSS14.0

GSM
Recommended UE for
LTE to GSM CCO/NACC GBSS12.0 GBSS14.0
Probe Test：
Samsung S5，G620s-
LTE to GSM SRVCC GBSS12.0 GBSS14.0
L01/L02/L03
UMTS to LTE reselection RAN 12 RAN 14
UMTS LTE to UMTS PSHO RAN 13 RAN 14
LTE to UMTS SRVCC RAN 15 RAN 15

1.Idle Mode Reselection

Idle Mode Camping Solution (1/2)
Camping solution
1. Cell edge coverage not good LTE camping prior, if no LTE

enough, which network to or bad LTE coverage,
Which camp? Multi-mode reselect to UMTS;
network to 2. How to keep continuous camping strategies
camp？ If no UMTS or weak UMTS
service in connecting status?
coverage, reselect to GSM.
L2600 L2600
L1800 L1800 L1800 UMTS prior camping, If no

Heavy load GU dual-mode UMTS or weak UMTS
L800 L800 cell Camping strategies coverage, reselect to GSM.
U2100 U2100 U2100 How to balance
cell load,
U900 U900
increase user
experience?
G900/1800 G900/1800 Single mode Camping LTE intra system camping
strategies UMTS intra system camping
1. How to adjust idle strategies GSM intra system camping
to balance traffic load when
connected.
2. How to raise efficiency of
new network

Idle Mode Camping Solution (2/2)
High LTE camping strategies：
Single mode Camping
strategies  High frequency with high priority for camping
L2600 L2600 Priority1
9
 The same frequency with the same priority
High
L1800 L1800 L1800 Priority2
6 5
UMTS camping strategies：
Scenario 1: without traffic layer：
Priority1 L800 L800 Priority3  The UE preferentially camp on the carrier with
contiguous coverage.
If all carriers’ coverage are contiguous, the UE
U2100 U2100 U2100 randomly camp on any cell.
 Both U900 and U2100 are contiguous coverage,
Priority2 1 7 10 7
choose U2100 for camping or random camping
U900 U900
Scenario 2: traffic layer in UMTS network：
2 8 4 8 Recommend to camp in R99 carrier.
Priority3 G900/1800 G900/1800
Coverage GSM camping strategies：

Mode priority Frequency priority • The same frequency with the same priority
Cell reselection
• High frequency TRX with high priority
Priority tip: Different system priority cannot be same.

Inter-working Key Features
No. ID Feature Release Description

1
1 GBFD-114301 GSM/WCDMA Interoperability GBSS6.0 U2G reselection or handover; G2U reselection or handover
2
2 GBFD-511301 Cell Reselection Between GSM and LTE GBSS12.0 GL cell reselection based on neighbor level and mode priority.
3
3 WRFD-010401 System Information Broadcasting RAN 2.0 Support handover between different frequency.
Inter-RAT Handover Based on
4
4 WRFD-020303 RAN2.0 Handover Based on Coverage
Coverage
Mobility Between UMTS and LTE Phase Cell selection and reselection between UMTS and LTE ;
5
5 WRFD-020126 RAN12.0
1 LTE to UMTS PS handover
6
6 LBFD-00201803 Cell Selection and Re-selection eRAN1.0 LTE intra system Cell selection and reselection
PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-

7
7 LOFD-001019 eRAN1.0 L2U Cell selection and reselection Based on Coverage
UTRAN and UTRAN
PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-
8
8 LOFD-001020 eRAN1.0 L2G Cell selection and reselection Based on Coverage
UTRAN and GERAN
LBFD-00201802 Coverage Based Inter-frequency
9
9 eRAN2.0 LTE intra system Cell selection and reselection Based on Coverage
Handover
Inter Frequency Hard Handover Based
10
10 WRFD-020302 RAN2.0 UMTS intra system Cell selection and reselection Based on Coverage
on Coverage
*The features above comply with the protocols, can interconnect with networks by other
vendors.
So as the features below, except features with special remarks.

Cell Reselection Principle for absolute priority
Measure：Srxlev<=SnonIntraSearchP or Squal<=SnonIntraSearchQ
SservingCell is worse than Thresh_serving.low &
SNonservingCell is better than Thresh_x.low
Cell Reselection
LTE SIB
High Prio. Low Prio.
SNonservingCell is better than Thresh_x.high
eNodeB eNodeB/BTS (High)
UMTS SIB
(Medium)
GSM (Low) SIB
Suggested RAT Priority:

 LTE(High)
 UMTS(Medium)
Cell Reselection From High -> Low Cell Reselection From Low > High  GSM(Low)

Camping - Cell Reselection between LTE and GSM/UMTS
Cell Reselection from LTE to GSM/UMTS Threshold and Measurement

network
only when UE is out of LTE coverage area Threshold
Threshx,high: threshold of reselecting to High Priority Cell
Threshx,low: threshold of reselecting to Low Priority Cell
Measurement parameter
SServingCell: Signal quality of serving cell
SNonServingCell: Signal quality of target reselection cell
LTE GSM/UMTS
Cell Reselection Strategy
LTE->GSM/UMTS (High to Low)

 SServingCell <Threshserving,low & SNonServingCell >Threshx,low
 Length of camping on serving cell > 1 sec
Cell Reselection from GSM/UMTS to LTE GSM/UMTS->LTE (Low to High)

network when UE enters the LTE coverage area  SNonServingCell > Threshx,high
 Length of camping on serving cell > 1 sec

Camping - Cell Reselection between GSM and UMTS
Threshold and Measurement

Cell Reselection from UMTS to GSM network
Threshold
only when UE is out of UMTS coverage area
 FDDQOFF：the differ between UMTS candidate cell signal and GSM
target cell signal
 FDDQMIN：Ec/No UTRAN FDD cell reselection minimum threshold
 FDD RSCP threshold
 FDDRSCPMIN：UMTS cell reselection minimum threshold
Measurement parameter
 RLA_C: GSM service cell average receive level
 CPICH RSCP：UMTS neighbor cell RSCP measurement value
UMTS GSM  CPICH Ec/No：UMTS neighbor cell Ec/No measurement value
Cell Reselection Strategy
UMTS->GSM
 Squal ≤ SsearchRATm
 Rn > Rs
GSM->UMTS
Cell Reselection from GSM to UMTS network
 CPICH RSCP>RLA_C+FDDQOFF
when UE enters the UMTS coverage area
CPICH Ec/No≥FDDQMIN - FDDQMINOFFSET
CPICH RSCP≥FDD RSCP threshold

LTE Reselection to GU Signaling
LTE Side UMTS Side GSM Side
2G接入网信令 3G接入网信令

2.Connected Mode-Redirection/PS HO

Traffic continuity solution
How to keep continuous service in connecting status, especially at the edge of different mode network?
L2600 L2600
9 Three scenarios:
Choose coverage based
L1800 L1800
handover to other system.
L1800
LTE bad Coverage Adjacent cell priority: inter
freq. >UMTS>GSM
L800 L800
First handover to inter freq.

7 7 7
If no proper cell, then
U2100 U2100 U2100 UMTS bad Coverage
handover or steer to GSM
10
U900 U900
First handover to inter freq.
4 8 8 8 If no proper cell, then
GSM bad Coverage
handover or steer to UMTS.
G900/1800 G900/1800
Coverage
LTE handover based on L2G PS handover based on  In U900 discontinuously covered network, it is recommended to handover
coverage coverage to U2100 based on coverage.
L2U PS handover based on U2G handover based on
coverage coverage
UMTS PS handover based on  In U900 continuously covered network, it is NOT recommended to
coverage handover to U2100 based on coverage.

Data Service Mobility Solution
Data service handover (LTE->GSM/UMTS):

1. Ongoing data service is beared by LTE
2. UE handovers to GSM/UMTS
LTE 3. PS service will be on G/U PS domain
Coverage
• Support cell reselection between eUTRAN &

GERAN/UTRAN
• LTE to GSM/UMTS Redirection/PS handover
GSM/UMTS
Coverage based on coverage in initial phase
• Guarantee users’ data service quality when
handover occurs
Data service handover (GSM/UMTS->LTE): • Keep network performance stable and
1. Ongoing data service is beared by G/U service continuity
2. UE moves into LTE coverage area, two options for data continuity:
i. Service handover to LTE directly
ii. Service provided by G/U, after service ends, UE camp on LTE by
cell reselection

Inter RAT Handover Strategy based on different Scenarios
Moves to neighbor LTE cell Moves out of LTE coverage Load Overload, offload to Overload, offload to
Coverage neighbor LTE cell neighbor G/U cells
LTE UMTS
LTE UMTS
Intra-LTE
Intra-LTE Inter-RAT
Based on the radio link quality (LTE: RSRP/RSRQ) Based on the RB utilization (cell load)
UL Quality Service
√ Inter-RAT
LTE X LTE
UMTS UMTS
Based on UL Quality Based on the service
• Coverage based is recommended by default at initial stage Distance

• Load based is useful when LTE traffic significantly increased
• Service based is for better utilization of each radio
technologies Based on the distance bet. eNodeB & UE

LTE To UMTS/GSM Handover Based On Coverage
LTE
LTE
Description: Coverage
Coverage
• When the LTE signal quality is poor and the UMTS or GSM signal
quality is good, UE with active PS service can be handover or L2U/G PS HO based on coverage
redirection to the UMTS or GSM network based on UE capability, to
ensure the continuity of PS services and avoid service drops.
• Compared with PS redirection, PS handover shortens the service
UMTS/GSM Coverage
interruption duration, improving user experience.
Benefits:
• Improves end user’s PS service experience when UE is moving out of
LTE coverage
Dependency:
• Redirection: UE should support 3GPP R8 & UL or GL dual mode.
• PS Handover: The UE should support 3GPP R8, L2U PS handovers & LTE
measurements. UMTS or GSM CN and LTE CN should support LTE to
UMTS or GSM PS handover
Difference between B1 & B2: B2 event requires the serving cell RSRP <
A2Thresh(ERAN 8.0 support setting separately )

Coverage-Based PS Handover/Redirection from UMTS to LTE
Description:
• When the UMTS signal quality is poor and the LTE signal
quality is good, UE with active PS service can be handover LTE
or redirection to the LTE network based on UE capability,
to ensure the continuity of PS services and avoid service
drops. Handover/Redirection
• Compared with PS redirection, PS handover shortens the
PS Service
service interruption duration, improving user experience.
UMTS
Benefits:
• Improves end user’s PS service experience when UE is
moving out of UMTS coverage
Dependency: Event Trigger:
• Redirection: UE should support 3GPP R8 & UMTS/LTE dual QUsed <= TUsed - H3a/2 & MOtherRAT >= TOtherRAT + H3a/2
mode.
• PS Handover: The UE should support 3GPP R8, UMTS-to- Periodic report:
LTE PS handovers & LTE measurements. UMTS/LTE CN MOtherRAT ≥ TOtherRAT + HystforPeriodLTE/2
should support UMTS to LTE PS handover
*The feature comply with the protocols, can interconnect with networks by other
vendors.
It is recommended the whole network use Huawei products to avoid Ping-pong effect.

RIM Based UMTS Target Cell Selection for LTE
Description:
LTE Cell
• UMTS cell load information are transferred to LTE by
RIM procedure
(1) Congestion
• In the L->U CSFB or L->U PS handover based on load, UMTS Cell1

when choosing UMTS target cells, congestion cells (2)
have the lowest priority UMTS Cell2
Benefits: Target UMTS cell congestion
may cause access failure
• Increases the success rate of redirection & handover
from LTE to UMTS, reduces inter-RAT ping-pong
LTE Cell
handover.
Congestion
Dependency: (1)
• UE should support flash CSFB in 3GPP R9
UMTS Cell1
• CN should support RIM procedure defined in 3GPP Select a

suitable cell
Release 9. UMTS Cell2

Inter-RAT Handover Trigger Phases
• Coverage based: • GAP-Assisted Measurement • LTE: RSRP/ RSRQ • Apply for Resource (Admission)
Event A2 : Serving cell signal • Signalling Procedure Execution
quality lower than Specified • Event Triggered Periodical • GSM: RSSI • Retry Mechanism If Admission
threshold Reporting A4/B1 • UMTS: RSCP/ECNO or Handover Fail
• Load based: • Update Parameters to UE
• A4: Inter-frequency
MLB algorithm
• Service based: • B1: Inter-RAT
UE service type.
InterRatHoState to set
MUST_HO, NO_HO, &
PERMIT_HO.
• UL Quality based:
UL signal quality
• Distance based:
distance between eNodeB &
UE
Note:
Coverage, Load, Service, UL-quality & Distance based inter-RAT hand
over uses same procedure except for Measurement triggering phase.

Basic Concept- Redirection
Trigger Redirection reason: Coverage, MLB, off load, uplink power
Redirection is performed as RRC release with redirection
restrict, S1 interface down, CSFB….
indicator, making UE choose and access target cell( Realized
Redirection flow similar as reselection, but the target cell frequency,
by inter RAT measurement, or blind HO cell configured ).
system information included in RRC release message. (Based on
Redirection is controlled by RAN system, and Core Network not
R9)
involved.
UE eNB RNC MME SGSN S/P-GW
1. Measurement Report
2.Handover decision
3. RRC CONNECTION
RELEASE
4. UE reselect the target UTRAN cell and launch RAU procedure

Basic Concept- PS Handover
MS Target Serving New Gn/Gp P-GW
Source eNodeB Old MME
RNC GW SGSN
1. Decision to perform
handover to UTRAN
2. Handover Required
3. Forward Relocation Request
4. Relocation Request
Establishment of Radio Access Bearers
4. Relocation Request Acknowledge
5. Forward Relocation Response

6. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request
PS Handover is with
7. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response
8. Handover Command measurement , need
9. Forwarding of data
neighbor relation
10. HO from E-UTRAN Command
configured, making PS
MS detected by target RNC

service continuity.
12. Relocation Detect
13. RRC message
14. Relocation Complete
15. Forward Relocation Complete
15. Forward Relocation Complete Acknowledge

16. Update PDP Context Request
16. Update PDP Context Response
17. Routeing Area Update C2
C3
18. Delete Session Request

18b. Release Resources
18a. Delete Session Response

Basic Concept- PS Handover VS Redirection
PS Handover Redirection
RAN Need all equipment software support PS handover No need UMTS/GSM support and upgrade, but
(LTE eRAN , UMTS/GSM RAN, Core after redirection to GU, Core network should
Network) ,usually need software upgrade support IP context transfer , RAU procedure, and
Authentication
UE Most of UE cannot support GUL PS handover, Most of UE support GUL redirection

some UE support L->U PS handover. Currently no
commercial UE support GUL PS handover.
User User- plane latency less than Redirection and Cell User- plane latency worse, but acceptable for PS
Change Order, especially for voice service service on user experience , and optimized in R9
Experien
with RIM.
ce

Case: Performance for Service Continuity Solution
（K Country V Operator)

3.Voice Solution-CSFB

LTE Voice Solution Options
IMS/SR-VCC: Voice over IMS over LTE;

IMS only*, E2012
handover & roaming to 2G/3G is IMS-SRVCC, 2013
Voice & Data supported
on LTE
OTT Mode: To rely on OTT Not standardized
applications for voice service offering Project specific
LTE Voice
Solution
CS Fallback: UE is attached on LTE,
and fallback to 2G/3G for voice calls LG Optimus, Samsung
Data on LTE (MTC and MOC) Galaxy SII HD, SK Telecom
South Korea since 10-2011
Voice on 2G/3G
SVLTE (Dual Standby): Dual
simultaneously radio access running
on the same UE allowing data on LTE
and voice on 2G/3G CS in parallel Samsung Craft LTE smart-
phone, USA MetroPCS,
Verizon since Q4-2010

Network Strategies for Delivering Voice to LTE Subscribers
LTE PS Data VoIP
2G/3G PS Data CS Voice
EPC Core
EPC Core 2G/3G 2G/3G
PS Core CS Core EPC Core 2G/3G 2G/3G
PS Core CS Core
LTE Access LTE Access 2G/3G Access LTE Access 2G/3G Access
1a CSFB Voice
1b OUT of LTE
Initial: Data Only Intermediate Solution: Voice CS Fall Back Target Solution: VoIP + SRVCC
 Option 1a: To start using CSFB voice solution as an intermediate step

 Option 1b: To migrate to IMS/SRVCC as the target solution when it is available and mature
 Option 2: To straight forward move to IMS/SRVCC (SRVCC supports the LTE+IMS VoIP handover to 2G/3G CS voice when out of
LTE coverage)

CS Fallback (CSFB) Introduction
Scenario:
• LTE initial phase for data services, IMS is not deployed
Internet
CSFB Principles:
• Handover to G/U voice service in the overlay coverage area
PS data
PS data between LTE and G/U
• If CSFB voice service is triggered, there are 2 options for the
LTE Core GSM/UMTS GSM/UMTS
PS Core CS Core pre-existing LTE data services:
• Data services are hand-over to GSM/UMTS networks (DTM
supported by G/U network)
• Data services are suspended in LTE until voice call is released
LTE Access 2G/3G Access (e.g. DTM not supported)
• SMS services do not need to fall back GSM/UMTS
Voice fall back to GU
Dependency:
• No addition Core equipment, Reuse traditional GU Core
PS data Voice network
• Multimode G/U/L Terminals to support CSFB

CS Fallback: Performance and E2E Impact (UTRAN)
Call Setup
Latency 4.4 ~ 5.04s Conclusion:
5.62 ~ 6.26s • Both PS handover and R9 Redirection w/ SIB (Flash
6.58 ~ 7.22s CSFB) are better realization mechanism for CSFB to
Success Rate Impact on LTE UTRAN considering latency and impact for UTRAN
and UE.
• 3GPP Rel9 Terminal is needed to support R9
Redirection w/ SIB.
• CSFB with PS HO requires UMTS PS/CS software
Impact on upgrade to support PS HO function
New Signaling
UTRAN
R8 Redirection Terminal
Requirement
PS Handover
R9 Redirection w/ SIB

CS Fallback: Performance and E2E Impact (GERAN)
Call Setup
Latency 5.4 ~ 8.04s
Conclusion:
6.8 ~ 9.44s
• R9 Redirection w/ SIB (Flash CSFB) is a better
8.8 ~ 11.44s
realization mechanism for CSFB to GERAN
Success Rate Impact on LTE
considering small change to legacy network and
good success rate.
• 3GPP Rel9 Terminal is needed to support R9
Redirection w/ SIB
• Current Device chipsets do not support LTE to GERAN
Impact on
New Signaling PS handover
GERAN
R8 Redirection Terminal
Requirement
PS Handover
R9 Redirection w/ SIB

Flash CSFB to UTRAN/GERAN (R9 PS Redirection with SIBs)
Principle:
2. RIM :
GSM/UMTS Core RAN Information
EPC Core 1. eNB request system information from BSC/RNC
Mgt Exchange
2. Request is sent toward core network
SGSN 5. 2G/3G RAN Information MME 3. BSC/RNC processes RIM
Information Transfer
4. BSC/RNC replies with updated system information
4. 2G/3G RAN
1. RAN information
Information RQ
6. MME Direct
Information
3. RAN
5. Core Network does not handle the message and
request
directly forwards it to eUTRAN
BSC/RNC 6. eNodeB does not translate the message from BSC/RNC
and directly sends it to UE
7. Frequency and target 7. eNodeB extracts the target frequency and related
cell system information
neighboring cell information
2G/3G Access LTE Access
Dependency:
Flash CSFB: • Both GSM/UMTS and LTE core network support R9 RIM
• Saving 1-1.5s for UMTS compare with R8 CSFB procedure
• Saving 2s for GSM compare with R8 CSFB • Terminal support R9 redirection with SIB
*The feature comply with the protocols, can interconnect with networks by other
vendors.
The network need support RIM protocol.

RIM Based CS Fallback
Core Network
MME MSC/ •The MSC server and MME need to support
2.resource allocation SGSN the SGs interface.
• MSCs need to support Rel.8
MSC • MME and SGSN need to support RIM due
4. Initiate CS to flash CSFB.
MME
1. Voice service
service SGSN
request
eNodeB/ Blind/With measurement:
BSC/ Recommended to use blind when LTE
RNC UTRAN/GERAN share same site with G/U. (0.3s saving on
3. Fallback to GSM/UMTS with call setup time)
PS handover, PS redirection G/U PS HO/Redirection
LTE or flash CSFB RIM procedure
Terminal
•L to G with PS HO: None terminal support
Deployment requirement: •L to U with PS HO: main stream terminal
•GUL networks support CSFB function. •L to G/U with Redirection: main stream
•Data preparation: neighbor cell, frequency, CSFB terminal
way, etc.
•For incumbent vendors, it is easy to deploy
without complex IOT.

GSM/UMTS Fast Return to LTE
8s after UE idle
Without Camp in LTE Camp in LTE
Fast Return
Search Cycle and
CS call on UMTS
LTE Cell Re-selection
“Fast Return”
CSFB Channel release with
LTE frequencies 500ms after CS call
With Camp in LTE Camp in LTE
Fast Return
U->L Fast Return by
CS call on UMTS
PS redirection
GSM/UMTS UMTS Fast Return to LTE
Cell reselection time from GSM to LTE in idle mode reduced to

480ms
• When a Multimode UE terminates a call in
GSM/UMTS network, the frequency
information of LTE cell is sent in RRC
Connection Release message in order to
instruct the UE to camp on the LTE cell
instead of cell re-selection to LTE
GSM Fast Return to LTE

Basic Concept- CSFB flow
CSFB to UMTS Based on Redirection CSFB to UMTS Based on PS Handover

Case: Performance for LTE Voice Solution
CSFB of Operator X in Europe P3 test latency and success rate reach NO.1
Priority in
idle state
L1800 L1800 L1800
First to camp 1. Measured CSFB to U

2. Blind CSFB to G if no U coverage
Fast return
after CS call
U2100 U2100 U2100
U2100 U2100 U2100

Second to camp
U2100 U2100 U2100
G900/1800 G900/1800
Third to camp
CSFB Success rate(P3 DT): +99.6%

CSFB M2M delay(P3 DT): 6.0~6.5s
Compared to other vendors in the same city: NO.1

4.IRAT MLB

Load Balance Solution
 Avoid cell overload, get the highest efficiency of resource utility.
 Raise user experiences through balancing between different mode or frequency cells
L2600 L2600 First to balance inter-

11 frequency, then balance to
LTE High Load
L1800 L1800
UMTS or GSM
L800 L800
First to balance inter-

U2100 F2 U2100 F2
UMTS High Load frequency, then balance to
14 15 12 13
LTE or GSM
U2100 F1 U2100 F1 U2100 F1
16
First to balance inter-
U900 U900 U900
GSM High Load frequency, then balance to
UMTS or LTE
G900/1800 G900/1800

Inter-working Key Features
No. ID Feature Release
11 LOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load Balancing eRAN2.0
12 LOFD-001044 Inter-RAT Load Sharing to UTRAN eRAN2.0
13 LOFD-001045 Inter-RAT Load Sharing to GERAN eRAN2.0

Service Steering and Load Sharing in RRC Connection
WRFD-020120 RAN11.0
Setup
14 WRFD-02040004 Traffic Steering and Load Sharing During RAB Setup RAN10.0
WRFD-020103 Inter Frequency Load Balance RAN3.0
15 WRFD-150217 Load Based PS Handover from UMTS to LTE RAN15.0

Service Steering and Load Sharing in RRC Connection
WRFD-020120 RAN11.0
Setup
WRFD-020306 Inter-RAT Handover Based on Load RAN3.0
16 WRFD-020310 3G/2G Common Load Management RAN10.0

Load Based GSM and UMTS Handover Enhancement
WRFD-070004* RAN11.1
Based on Iur-g
WRFD-070006* GSM and UMTS Load Balancing Based on Iur-g RAN12.0
* These two features use Huawei private protocol.

Inter-RAT Load Balance Between LTE and UMTS
eNodeB load measurement and evaluation eNodeB
Cell load MME
MME RIM includes cell load status Info. SGSN
(overload, congestion, normal).

RNC
SGSN
RIM includes GU cell load status NodeB

balance Load and reduce call drop & handover failure rate
(overload, congestion, normal).
GU RAN
Perform Inter-RAT MLB
LTE
Load
Interoperation: eNodeB and GU RAN Criteria vary based
on different vendors policy Threshold
LTE
UMTS
OSS introduced to coordinate eNodeB and
UMTS
GBSS&UMTS and further improve GUL
network performance Before After
15% UL Network Throughput Increase

Load-Based PS Handover/Redirection from UMTS to LTE
Description:
• In some scenarios, such as after a CSFB call or moving at the edge of LTE
coverage, although LTE coverage is available, UE still use UMTS to do PS
service. LTE
• In case of UMTS load is high, those UEs can be pushed back to LTE cells
by PS handover or redirection based on the UE’s capability.
Trigger :
• service cell Load_Value > Thresh_Load Serving UMTS
• Neighbor cell Qual_N>Thresh_Qual, and neighbor load <Thresh_Load. Cell
(In which the neighbor load can be get through private interface or RIM
flow.) LDR triggered
Benefits:
• Reduces the possibility of UMTS congestion by allowing more UEs in the
Target LTE
UMTS to handover/redirection to LTE.
• Improves the LTE network resource utilization at the early stage of LTE Cell
Handover/Redirection
network deployment.
triggered
Dependency:
• Redirection: UE should support 3GPP R8 & UMTS/LTE dual mode.
UMTS
• PS Handover: The UE should support 3GPP R8, UMTS-to-LTE PS
handovers & LTE measurements. UMTS/LTE CN should support UMTS to
LTE PS handover

Case：Performance for Load Balance Solution(K Country V Operator)
L2U MLB of Operator X in middle east Asia
Background：The LTE network is high load as half ratio UE
type is dongle and the UE DL throughput is lower in the peak
time. The UMTS network load is not very high and. The load
can be balanced between UMTS and LTE network.
LTE1800 LTE1800 L2U coverage based PS HO
L2U Mobility Load Balance

F3 UMTS2100 UMTS2100 UMTS Intra band HO
UMTS Inter band LDR

F2 UMTS2100 UMTS2100 UMTS2100 UMTS Coverage based HO On IRAT HO
F1 UMTS2100 UMTS2100 UMTS2100
The L2U Handover success rate is above 99% after on

IRAT HO


KPI-IRAT PS HO
PS HO Statistic
Counter ID Counter Name Counter Description
1526726986 L.IRATHO.E2C.PrepAttOut Number of Outgoing Handover Attempts from E-UTRAN to CDMA2000
1526726987 L.IRATHO.E2C.ExecAttOut Number of Performed Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to CDMA2000
1526726988 L.IRATHO.E2C.ExecSuccOut Number of Successful Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to CDMA2000
1526726989 L.IRATHO.E2W.PrepAttOut Number of Outgoing Handover Attempts from E-UTRAN to UTRAN
1526726990 L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecAttOut Number of Performed Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to UTRAN
1526726991 L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecSuccOut Number of Successful Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to UTRAN
1526726992 L.IRATHO.E2G.PrepAttOut Number of Outgoing Handover Attempts from E-UTRAN to GERAN
1526726993 L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecAttOut Number of Performed Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to GERAN
1526726994 L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecSuccOut Number of Successful Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to GERAN
1526727226 L.IRATHO.E2T.PrepAttOut Number of Outgoing Handover Attempts from E-UTRAN to TD-SCDMA
1526727227 L.IRATHO.E2T.ExecAttOut Number of Performed Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to TD-SCDMA
1526727228 L.IRATHO.E2T.ExecSuccOut Number of Successful Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to TD-SCDMA
KPI Formula
LTE->WCDMA L2W Handover Success Rate exec [L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecSuccOut]/[L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecAttOut]*{100}
LTE->GSM L2G Handover Success Rate exec [L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecSuccOut]/[L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecAttOut]*{100}
LTE->CDMA2000 L2C Handover Success Rate exec [L.IRATHO.E2C.ExecSuccOut]/[L.IRATHO.E2C.ExecAttOut]*{100}
LTE->TD-SCDMA L2T Handover Success Rate exec [L.IRATHO.E2T.ExecSuccOut]/[L.IRATHO.E2T.ExecAttOut]*{100}

KPI-IRAT PS HO failures
IRAT counters for PS HO different failure reasons
1526728306 L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.MME Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to GERAN for MME reason
1526728307 L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.NoReply Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to GERAN for no reply with GERAN
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to GERAN for prepare failure indication from
1526728308 L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailure
GERAN
1526728309 L.IRATHO.E2T.Prep.FailOut.MME Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to TD-SCDMA for MME reason
1526728310 L.IRATHO.E2T.Prep.FailOut.NoReply Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to TD-SCDMA for no reply with TD-SCDMA
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to TD-SCDMA for prepare failure indication from
1526728311 L.IRATHO.E2T.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailure
TD-SCDMA
1526728316 L.IRATHO.E2W.Prep.FailOut.MME Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to WCDMA for MME reason
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to WCDMA for prepare failure indication from
1526728317 L.IRATHO.E2W.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailure
WCDMA
1526728318 L.IRATHO.E2C.Prep.FailOut.NoReply Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to WCDMA for no reply with WCDMA

KPI-IRAT redirection & CSFB counters
Redirection Counters
1526728326 L.RRCRedirection.E2W Number of Redirction to WCDMA
1526728327 L.RRCRedirection.E2G Number of Redirction to GERAN
1526728330 L.RRCRedirection.E2W.PrepAtt Number of attempt Redirction to WCDMA
1526728331 L.RRCRedirection.E2G.PrepAtt Number of attempt Redirection to GERAN
CSFB Counters
1526728321 L.CSFB.PrepAtt Number of CS fallback indicators received by the eNodeB
1526728323 L.CSFB.E2W Number of CS fallback procedures to UTRAN
1526728324 L.CSFB.E2G Number of CS fallback procedures to GERAN
1526728322 L.CSFB.PrepSucc Number of successful CS fallback responses from the eNodeB

KPI-MLB Performance 1/2
Level Counter name Counter Description
Cell L.RRCRel.DedicatePri.UMTS.High Dedicated Priority (UMTS highest) RRC Release Time
Cell L.IRATHO.E2W.PrepAttOut Number of Inter-RAT Handover Attempts from E-UTRAN to WCDMA Network
Cell L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecAttOut Number of inter-RAT handover executions from E-UTRAN to WCDMA network
Cell L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecSuccOut Number of inter-RAT handover success from E-UTRAN to WCDMA network
Cell L.Thrp.Time.DL Transmit duration of downlink PDCP SDUs
Cell L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Used.Avg Average number of used PDSCH PRBs
Cell L.Thrp.bits.DL Total downlink traffic volume for PDCP SDUs
Cell L.HHO.IntereNB.InterFreq.PrepAttOut Number of inter-eNodeB inter-frequency outgoing handover attempts
Cell L.HHO.IntereNB.InterFreq.ExecAttOut Number of inter-eNodeB inter-frequency outgoing handover executions
Cell L.HHO.IntereNB.InterFreq.ExecSuccOut Number of inter-eNodeB inter-frequency outgoing handover success

KPI-MLB Performance 1/2
Level Counter name Counter Description
Cell L.HHO.InterFreq.UeNumLoad.PrepAttOut Number of user-number-load-based inter-frequency handover preparation

attempts
Cell L.HHO.InterFreq.UeNumLoad.ExecAttOut Number of user-number-load-based inter-frequency handover executions
Cell L.HHO.InterFreq.UeNumLoad.ExecSuccOut Number of successful user-number-load-based inter-frequency handover

executions
Cell L.Traffic.User.Ulsync.Avg Average number of UL synchronized users in a cell
Cell L.Thrp.bits.DL Total downlink traffic volume for PDCP SDUs

Cell L.Thrp.Time.DL Transmit duration of downlink PDCP SDUs
Cell L.InterFreq.UeNumLoad.Dur.Cell Total duration of inter frequency user high load status
L.IRATHO.E2W.Load.PrepAttOut Number of Handover Preparation Attempts from E-UTRAN to WCDMA Network
Cell
Triggered Because of High Load
L.IRATHO.E2W.Load.ExecAttOut Number of inter-RAT handover execution attempts from E-UTRAN to WCDMA network
Cell
triggered because of high load
L.IRATHO.E2W.Load.ExecSuccOut Number of successful inter-RAT handover executions from E-UTRAN to WCDMA
Cell
network triggered because of high load
L.RRCRedirection.E2W.Load Number of redirections from E-UTRAN to WCDMA network triggered because of high
Cell
load
L.RRCRel.DedicatedPri.WCDMA.High Number of times that the WCDMA network is configured as the highest frequency
Cell
priority in an IMMCI IE

DT KPI
Recorded and analyzed by Probe/Assistant

Thank you
www.huawei.com
Copyright©2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

The information contained in this document is for reference purpose only, and is subject to
change or withdrawal according to specific customer requirements and conditions.

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GUL Interworking Principal & Solution

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

2 GUL Idle Mode/Connected Mode/CSFB/MLB

3 GUL Interworking KPI Introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 3

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 4

Traffic layer 1）How to keep voice service continuous from

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 5

2 GUL Idle Mode/Connected Mode/CSFB/MLB

3 GUL Interworking KPI Introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 6

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 7

Base on the SW version and UE ability, 3 stages suggested as follows :

Idle mode mobility

Voice service mobility Cell Reselection Step1 Step 2

GSM to LTE reselection GBSS12.0 GBSS14.0

LTE to GSM PSHO GBSS12.0 GBSS14.0

UMTS LTE to UMTS PSHO RAN 13 RAN 14

LTE to UMTS SRVCC RAN 15 RAN 15

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 9

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 10

1. Cell edge coverage not good LTE camping prior, if no LTE

L1800 L1800 L1800 UMTS prior camping, If no

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 11

Coverage GSM camping strategies：

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 12

No. ID Feature Release Description

PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 13

GSM (Low) SIB

Suggested RAT Priority:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 14

Cell Reselection from LTE to GSM/UMTS Threshold and Measurement

LTE->GSM/UMTS (High to Low)

Cell Reselection from GSM/UMTS to LTE GSM/UMTS->LTE (Low to High)

 Length of camping on serving cell > 1 sec

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 15

Threshold and Measurement

Cell Reselection Strategy

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 16

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 17

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 18

First handover to inter freq.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 19

Data service handover (LTE->GSM/UMTS):

• Support cell reselection between eUTRAN &

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 20

Based on UL Quality Based on the service

• Coverage based is recommended by default at initial stage Distance

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 21

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 22

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 23

• In the L->U CSFB or L->U PS handover based on load, UMTS Cell1

• CN should support RIM procedure defined in 3GPP Select a

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 24

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 25

UE eNB RNC MME SGSN S/P-GW

4. UE reselect the target UTRAN cell and launch RAU procedure

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 26

Establishment of Radio Access Bearers

4. Relocation Request Acknowledge

5. Forward Relocation Response