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Table of contents
INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER 3 – FUEL 31
CHAPTER 4 – COMUNICATIONS 36
CHAPTER 6 – ELECTRIC 47
CHAPTER 7 – HYDRAULIC 53
CHAPTER 9 – ENGINES 67
CHAPTER 10 – PNEUMATIC 73
GREETINGS 105
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
INTRODUCTION
Sky Simulation's policy is Quality and Professionalism no matter what. This policy
starts to reflect on what will be a huge gamma of products focused on how far the
professional hobbyist wants to take the hobby. Our first release the Mc Donnell
Douglas DC-9 shows the policy of this company and the public that will be focused
to. This product has and endless list of qualities that will make it unique among the
followers of MD, which will enjoy while flying or just having fun with it.
On the part of Sky simulations team we want to thank you for your purchase, we
are certain that you will enjoy this product due to the innovated technology created
and implemented since the project was born. It’s a perfect replica of the external
model to the highest depth in realism while in the Virtual cockpit. All of this takes
the user to another level of realism without precedents. We suggest you to take the
time to immerse explore and feel the endless numbers of details, characteristics
and functions on the Instruments panel, Virtual cockpit, the Aircraft itself and the
environment.
PRODUCT SUPPORT
We at Sky simulations are committed with our customers, however we’ve found
during all of these years, that many support issues can be solved or answered by
reading this manual, this will avoid and prevent our valued customers a loss of time
while trying to reach support team.
So before anything else please read this manual from the beginning to its end.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
If you still have questions or require further help, we will be glad to assist you,
product support is available through our website, you just require you register and
enter in the support area.
The most common questions, doubts or issues will be published on the “FAQ’s”
section of our website which will be updated frequently.
This manual is intended for flight simulation purposes only, and should not be used
for training or real life operations.
This manual was compiled for use with Sky Simulations DC-9 only.
Please take the time to read this manual entirely; by reading it completely you will
be well enabled and ready to operate the Sky Simulations DC-9. This will avoid
unnecessary support questions, and will let the user enjoy at maximum the Sky
Simulations DC-9.
This manual and all of its contents are copyrighted under international laws.
Modification, duplication or partial or total uses are prohibited.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
FLIGHT MANUAL
CHAPTER 1
AIRPLANE IN GENERAL
GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
FUSELAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
WING GROUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
TAIL GROUP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
TAIL CONE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ENGINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
AUXILIAR POWER UNIT (APU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
SIMICONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
FLIGHT DECK ARRANGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
OVERHEAD PANEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
GLARESHIELD AND UPPER INSTRUMENT PANEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
CAPTAIN INSTRUMENT PANEL 2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
FIRST OFFICER INSTRUMENT PANEL 2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
CENTER INSTRUMENT PANEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
CONTROL STAND PANEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
PEDESTAL PANEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
PASSENGER, CARGO, COCKPIT DOORS &
MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
PASSENGER, CARGO AND COCKPIT DOORS INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . 20
ANNUNCIATOR PANEL & MASTER WARNING AND CAUTION LIGHTS . . 21
ILLUMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
EXTERIOR LIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
CABIN CONTROLS AND INDICATORS EXTERIOR LIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
GENERAL
This chapter has been prepared to provide to the flight crew, general information
about the airplane not covered in other chapters of this manual.
This Airplane has two turbofans engines, mounted in the rear part and is designed
to provide an effective and reliable operation in the transportation of passengers
and cargo. The simplicity of its design allows to an efficient operation with a crew of
5: Captain, First officer and 3 flight attendants.
The incorporation of an auxiliary power plant (APU) and front stairs, facilitates the
starting of engines and embarks and disembarks of the passengers in airports
equipped with minimum ground equipment. The points on watch can be reached
without the use of stairs or platforms, and the cargo can be packed with no need of
special equipment, which is in a time from I journey reduced.
FUSELAGE
The fuselage is totally metallic and consists of a nose section, a central section and
a section of tail.
In the nose section there is the radar, flight deck, nose gear well and two
pressurized compartments which are the forward accessory compartment and the
electrical compartment. The forward accessory compartment is located above the
floor level and contains part of the electrical equipment.
The electrical compartment is located between the wheel well and forward cargo
compartment. This compartment contains the electrical equipment and is cooled
with the air coming from the flight deck.
The central section is formed by passenger cabin, the forward and rear cargo
compartments and accessories compartments of the main landing gear.
The two cargo compartments are located beneath the passenger cabin floor.
Both compartments are pressurized and warm. The forward compartment is
adapted to transport living animals.
The main gear wells are located in the inferior segment of the fuselage beneath the
wing center section. Besides lodging the main undercarriage when is retracted, the
wells have the hydraulic system components such as the hydraulic liquid tank, etc.
In the tail section which is behind pressure dome, is located the aft electronic
compartment. On this compartment is installed the air conditioning besides engine
fire extinguishers.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
The fuselage contains: the pit of the nose train, the front accessories compartment,
the electronic compartment, cargo compartment; forward and buttock, accessories
compartment in the pit of the main undercarriage and a compartment of air
conditioned and accessories, in the tail section, behind the pressure dome.
All the external doors and emergency exits, with exception of the front door stairs,
are of the cork type and sealed to pressure.
WING GROUP
The wing is metallic, of the cantilever type, mounted in the inferior part of the
fuselage. The wing incorporates slats, ailerons, spoilers, flaps, fuel tanks, and the
structure to support the undercarriage.
The aileron system and the trim tab provide lateral control and trim of the airplane
by the aileron operated aerodynamically. A cable system connects the ailerons and
move one aileron, aerodynamically or manually, the other aileron moves in an
opposite direction.
The aileron system provides the entry to the spoilers, which are actuated
hydraulically to help in lateral control.
There are two spoilers on each wing and are operated hydraulically and provide
help to lateral control also as speed brake. Both surfaces are used as ground
spoilers.
TAIL GROUP
The tail group consists in vertical stabilizer, horizontal stabilizer, two elevators and
a rudder. The vertical stabilizer is mounted in the rear part of the fuselage and the
horizontal stabilizer is mounted in the superior part of vertical stabilizer.
And it has a negative dihedral angle of 3 degrees which object is to retain the
aerodynamic characteristics.
The rudder and the elevator are mounted in the vertical and horizontal stabilizer
respectively.
The leading edge of the horizontal stabilizer is warmed when required for the
deicing process. The vertical stabilizer is cantilever type with sweep angle.
One air intake for the air conditioning system is located in the lower part of the
leading edge of the vertical stabilizer.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
The rudder is operated hydraulically; however, if the hydraulic pressure falls below
operational pressure, the system automatically goes back to manual operation.
TAIL CONE
The tail cone is located in rear section of the fuselage and it is jettisoneable.
A door mounted in the inferior portion of the fuselage in front of the tail cone, allows
the access from the outside to the back compartment of accessories, without
coming off the cone tail.
ENGINES
The aircraft is propelled by two PRATT & WHITNEY JT8D – (Series), axial flow
turbofan. Besides propel the airplane, the engines provide pneumatic energy for
the pressurization, air conditioning, anti ice and deice. The engines are protected
by a fire extinguisher system.
The APU is a gas turbine and a compressor that can supply electric energy and
pneumatic for ground operations, and electric energy in flight.
The APU is located in the aft accessory compartment and is surrounded by a fire
proof cover.
SYSTEMS
Besides the aircraft counts with the next systems: Air conditioning and
pressurization, Fuel, Communications, Electric, Hydraulic, Instruments and
Navigation, Pneumatic, Ice rain protection, Fire protection, Landing Gear and
brakes and automatic flight.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
Simicons
The first three icons from top to bottom are standard MSFS Simicons
1. - ATC Icon
2. - Map Icon
3. - GPS Icon
4. - Throttle Quadrant
5. - Pedestal (Radios and Autopilot)
6. - Overhead Panel
7. - External Function Panel
8. - Left BWD Passenger Window (FS2004 Only)
9. - Right BWD Passenger Window (FS2004 Only)
10. - Left FWD Passenger Window (FS2004 Only)
11. - Right FWD Passenger Window (FS2004 Only)
*Note: The Passengers Views has been substituted on FS-X for Camera Views;
you just have to scroll between the different cameras on the aircraft. Or in the
Views\Aircraft Menu select one of the Passengers view and navigate with the “A”
Key.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
11
AIRPLANE IN GENERAL - GLARESHIELD AND UPPER INSTRUMENT PANEL
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OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
MAIN DOOR SWITCH FWD STAIRS SWITCH AFT DOOR & STAIRS CARGO DOOR SWITCH
Control the main door Control the forward stairs SWITCH Controls the Fwd & AFT
aperture. Controls the rear stairs & Cargo Doors
DOWN – Extends door DOWN – FWD & AFT
DOWN - Main Door is forward stairs. DOWN – Cockpit door is are open
Open open.
. Not avail in Dc 9-10’s
GROUND SERVICE
SWITCH
Controls the service
ground support vehicles
(Catering, Loaders and CKPT DOOR SWITCH
Fuel Trucks) also open Controls the flight deck
Fwd Service Door door
On – Cockpit door is
DOWN – Ground support open
trucks coupled and Door
open.
(In freighter version also
opens the main cargo
door)
GROUND CREW SWITCH GPU SWITCH AIR START SWITCH MAINT MODE SWITCH
Activates the ground Controls the external power Controls the external Activates the
personnel crew supply Pneumatic (Air Starter) maintenance mode
supply
DOWN - Ground Crew is DOWN – GPU Coupled DOWN – Maintenance
active, and ready for and is able to provide DOWN – AIR START mode is active (Engine
pushback. electric supply. Coupled and is able to Cowlings, gear bay doors
provide pneumatic and and nose open.)
EXT PWR L & R BUS bleed air supply.
Ignites on Overhead Panel.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
REAR STAIRS
PAX Door
Not Avail on 10’s
Series
20
21
AIRPLANE IN GENERAL – ANNUNCIATOR PANEL AND MASTER WARNING AND CAUTION LIGHTS
OPERATIONS MANUAL
MASTER WARNING
Light
Both lights will ignite when
some alarm light on the
annunciator panel
illuminates. This light can not
be extinguished. Pressing
any of MASTER WARNING
light will turn off and will reset
DC-9
INSTRUMENT OVERHEAD
PANEL LIGHTS PANEL LIGHTS
Operates the Illuminates the
instrument panel white lights on
lights the overhead
panel.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
R Navigation Light
(White)
R LOGO Lights
R Strobe Light
Nacelle Lights
R Navigation Light
(Green)
R Landing
Light
L Navigation Light
(White)
L LOGO Lights
L Strobe Light
L Landing
Light
L Navigation Light
(Red)
Taxi Light L & R
Upper and Lower
Ground Lights Anti Collision Lights.
Wing Leading
Edge Light
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
LANDING LIGHT . TAXI LIGHT Switch GROUND FLOOD WING / NACL ANTICOLLISION POS/STROBE
Switches LTS L & R LIGHT SWITCH SWITCH LIGHT SWITCH
OFF - Nose Lights
RET – Wing for landing and taxi Controls the OFF – Leading Operates the OFF – Fwd and Aft
Landing lights are are off. Ground flood edge wing and upper and lower Position and strobe
retracted and off. Lights engine nacelle anti-collision lights lights are off.
BRT – Lights are off
EXT OFF – Lights illuminates with POS – Turns on
are extended and maximum intensity ON – Turns on Position lights
off Leading edge
wing and BOTH – Illuminates
EXT – Lights are nacelle lights position and strobe
extended and lights
ignites
(In Overhead
Panel)
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
FLIGHT MANUAL
CHAPTER 2
GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
PRESSURIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
RADIO STAND COOLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
NORMAL OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
GENERAL
The pneumatic pressure supplies to two identical refrigeration units for the air
conditioning and pressurization of the airplane. On ground, it can have air
conditioning connecting an external pneumatic source or by the engine air purge or
by de air purge from the APU.
In flight the engine air purge is used for the operation of the air conditioning and
pressurization systems.
PRESSURIZATION
The system is semi automatic, and the compressed air flow, pass through air
conditioning system to pressurized areas. The desired pressurization level can be
maintained regulating the escape of the compressed air by the pressure control
valve.
Normally the control valve is positioned by the cabin pressurization system in order
to control the cabin regimen from the takeoff until landing in accordance with the
flight profile.
For the automatic operation of the pressure control valve, it must be positioned the
control pressurization handle in auto position (UP). The Pressure control wheel will
turn according to this adjustment to maintain the pressurization.
The automatic pressure control will maintain a maximum differential of 7.46 lb/in ².
If the lands partial or totally pressurized, the automatic system, in response to a
signal of the ground control relay, will depressurize the cabin in a controlled
regimen during 20 seconds, after this time the valves will open totally.
AIR CONDITIONING
The aircraft has two identical, air conditioning systems, designed to operate
independently or in parallel. Those systems, provides air conditioning for the
pressurization. Normally, the right system operates with the engine 2 air purge and
supplies the demands of the passenger cabin. The left system operates with the air
purge of the engine 1 and supplies the demands of the flight deck. Any system can
supply the demand of both cabins.
The cooling of the radio stack on the electronic compartment and the heating of the
forward cargo compartment, is made with flight deck and passenger air conditioned
In ground as in flight the radio rack venturi provides assures the proper cooling of
the electronic compartment.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
CABIN PRESSURE
CONTROL HANDLE
Operates the pressure
system mode.
DOWN – The pressurization
system is in manual model.
UP – The pressurization
system is in automatic
mode.
RATE RELATION
CONTROL ALTITUDE CONTROL
When the knob is aligned Before takeoff, is used to adjust
with index mark, will flight altitude in which will fly, in
maintain a relation of the AIRPL ALT AT MAX DIFF
ascent of approx 250 feet 1000FT window.
AIRCOND AUTO SHUT per minute Before landing, is used to adjust
OFF SWITCH destiny airport altitude, in the
In ARM, shutoff the air CABIN ALT SET 1000FT window.
conditioning systems if To assure that cabin altitude will
the pneumatic pressure be the same to the airport altitude
between the engines, in which where will land
differs more than 70
lbs/in.
IN OVRD, reestablish
operation of the systems RAM AIR SWITCH
with the engines In ON, opens the valve which allows
pressure unbalanced. entry of the impact air through air
conditioning ducts from both
systems, in certain point before of
the mixer chamber.
In OFF closes the impact air valve.
CABIN DIFFERENTIAL
PRESSURE INDICATOR
Indicates the pressure
difference between the cabin CABIN ALTITUDE
and aircraft exterior (In LBS/in). INDICATOR
CABIN VERTICAL SPEED (CABIN CLIMB) Indicates the
Provides a good way to watch
This an standard instrument. cabin altitude in
the fuselage pressurization
Is ventilated to cabin pressure in order to thousand and
during manual or automatic
indicate the ascend relation of the cabin. hundreds of feet
operation.
Is used to watch the change relation in
The limit operational range is
the cabin pressure during the
8.06 Lbs/in
pressurization control, in mode automatic
or manual.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
FLIGHT MANUAL
CHAPTER 3
FUEL
GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
FUEL TANKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
FUEL FEEDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
FUEL MEASSURE INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
FILLING AND DRAINED OF FUEL TANKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
GENERALS
The fuel system is designed to provide a continuous fuel flow, under all the
conditions and attitudes found during the normal operation with a minimal
management of the system. This system is designed to allow the fuel supply to the
three tanks, be affected by one person without requiring another ground equipment
apart of the fuel service.
FUEL TANKS
The three wing tanks (main left, ventral and right main) has a usable capacity if
3679 U.S. GAL or 24,649 Lbs, based in a density of 6.7 lb/U.S. GAL.
A drained drain is had of in the low part of each main tank and two in the tank
central. Four magnetic rules are installed in each main tank and one in the central
tank. Inclinometer in the pit of the nose wheel provides information of the attitude of
the earth airplane for the calibration of the fuel measurers.
FUEL FEEDING
Each fuel tank had installed two A.C. fuel pumps; each pump has the right flow to
feed both engines in take off mode. An Intercommunication system and cross
feeding valve between fuel tanks, allow to the fuel use of any main tank towards
both engines.
It is counted on a modular system for fuel measurement, which does not need
adjustment or calibration after being installed or when changing the component.
The fuel indicators in the screen of the EICAS FUEL show the amount of fuel in
each tank, the total amount of fuel in the airplane also the gross weight of the
airplane.
All the fuel tanks can be filled and be drained through of a single multiple adapter
and of fuel filling, located near the leading edge of the right wing behind of an
access door.
All the filling operations can be carried out with aircraft energy or by external
energy source. If it is not enough energy to the propellant charge, all the valves of
fuel tanks can operate manually.
NOTE:
During the drained filling operations and, the ground equipment must be connected
electrically to ground with the airplane.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
FUEL FLOW
FUEL TEMP INDICATOR TOTAL FUEL QUANTITY INDICATOR/FUEL USED
(Left, Right) INDICATOR (Left & Right)
For its function, refer to Shows the total fuel Shows fuel quantity delivered
Engine chapter remaining weight expressed to the engine.
in Kilograms or pounds The digital readout shows the
total fuel used by the engine.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
THROTTLES
For its operation, refer to
ENGINE chapter.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
FUEL - LIMITATIONS
FILLING
USABLE FUEL CAPACITY
PRESSURE
U.S. GAL. POUNDS
It is not recommendable, takeoff with less than 2400lb of fuel on each main tank.
Minimum fuel for Go-around is between 500 and 1000lb indicated on the main
tank.
It is not recommendable a go around with less than 500lbs on the main tank,
neither with inoperative aft fuel pumps and less than 1000lbs.
FUEL LOAD
The maximum asymmetric load between main wing tanks in all flight conditions,
should not exceed 1,500lbs (680Kg), including operation with one engine.
PROCCEDURE
Note: Do not exceed the maximum permissible asymmetric fuel load during filling.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
FLIGHT MANUAL
CHAPTER 4
COMUNICATIONS
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
VHF TFR SWITCH VHF SELECTOR KNOB VHF TFR SWITCH VHF SELECTOR KNOB
COMM 1 COMM 1 COMM 2 COMM 2
Transfer the Stand The inferior selector knob Transfer the Stand The inferior selector knob
By frequency to controls the second and By frequency to controls the second and
active frequency and third digit of the VHF active frequency and third digit of the VHF
vice versa. frequency, the first digit vice versa. frequency, the first digit
is fixed. The superior is fixed. The superior
selective Knob controls selective Knob controls
the quarter and fifth digit the quarter and fifth digit
of the VHF frequency. of the VHF frequency.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
FLIGHT MANUAL
CHAPTER 5
FLIGHT CONTROLS
GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
FLIGHT SPOILERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
HORIZONTAL STABILIZER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
FLAPS SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
FLAPS INDICATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
SPOILER-FLAP EXTENDED LIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
SLATS SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
MAIN COMPONENTS LOCALIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS SPOILERS/SPEEDBRAKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS FLAPS/SLATS SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS LIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
GENERALS
The DC-9 has a conventional control systems aileron, rudder and elevators. The
control surfaces of those systems are protected against ground bursts by hydraulic
dampers and cylinders. The horizontal stabilizer is adjustable in order to
compensate the aircraft longitudinally. The lateral control is helped by the spoilers
operated hydraulically. Those serve too, as speed brakes. The rudder it moves
normally by hydraulic media with automatic change to the flight help tab when
there is not available hydraulic energy. A yaw damper helps the directional stability
and a pitch trim system helps to the longitudinal stability at big mach numbers.
It has stall and over speed alarm systems. It uses flaps. In the wing leading edge,
are installed the slats operated hydraulically. The flight spoilers can be armed in
order to extend when the main wheels are being compressed.
FLIGHT SPOILERS
The lateral control by the ailerons is helped by the flight spoilers. The movement of
the yokes acts the ailerons and trough mechanic mixer to the hydraulic system of
the spoilers.
This mixer mechanism spoiler/aileron controls the movement of the spoilers in
relation to the movement of the ailerons. When the yoke moves, approximately at 5
degrees of the ailerons movement, the flight spoiler of the wing that goes down
begins to extend. A mayor movement in the yoke will extend spoilers proportionally
to the demands of lateral control.
When the spoilers handle is manually acted and control wheel is moved; the mixer
mechanism of aileron/spoiler operates asymmetrically the spoiler to increase the
extension of the spoiler of the lowering wing and to diminish the extension of the
spoiler of the wing that rises.
During the landing run, when the spoilers are totally extended (60 degrees), when
lowering an aileron (to raise a wing) causes that the spoiler of this wing retracts
partially.
HORIZONTAL STABILIZER
The operation with the primary controls moves the stabilizer in a relation of 1/3 of
degree per second. The alternate stabilizer operation is made by the 2 handles
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
mounted in the center of the pedestal. The operation of the stabilizer by the
alternate control moves it in a relation of 1/10 of degree per second. The automatic
pilot uses the alternate electric motor for compensation.
FLAPS SYSTEM
FLAPS System consists of two segments of flaps in each wing and moves down
towards. Each flap is operated by two hydraulics cylinders (interior and exterior)
the exterior cylinders are moved by the left hydraulic system and the interior
cylinders are moved by the right hydraulic system. Normally the flaps are operated
by both hydraulic systems, but operate in a reduced pressure with one system
inoperative.
The FLAPS position through a range of 50 can be selected by the flaps handle.
This has positions UP, 0, 5, 15, 25, 40, 50 degrees.
FLAPS INDICATOR
This indicator installed in the flight deck contains two superposed needles and is
graduated in the flaps degrees range. The needles respond directly to the real
flaps movement not to the handle.
SLATS SYSTEM
The SLATS system increases the lifting located in the wing leading edge.
The Slats operates normally by the left and right hydraulics system but they will
continue operating with reduced pressure with just a single hydraulic system.
When the FLAPS/SLATS handle is in UP/RET, the slats are retracted, and when
its set in a position at or beyond 0/EXT the slats will fully extend.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
RIGHT AILERON
Acted aerodynamically by the LEFT AILERON
deflection of the control fin. Acted aerodynamically by the
deflection of the control fin.
AILERON CONTROL
FIN
Mechanically connected
to the control wheel TRAILING EDGE
FLAPS (L & R)
TRANSDUCTER VANES OF
ANGLE OF ATACK
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
RUDDER HYDRAULIC
CONTROL
STABILIZER TRIM INDICATOR PWR – Opens the shutoff valve,
Is connected mechanically to allowing the hydraulic pressure
horizontal stabilizer and indicates locks the rudder control fin and
in degrees, the adjustment of the moves the rudder by hydraulic
stabilizer nose down or nose up. energy.
MAN – Closes the shutoff valve.
The rudder control fin unlocks and
responds directly to the rudder
pedals.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
By manufacturer procedure the Speed brake never should be used when Flaps or
Landing Gear are extended.
SPEEDBRAKES
The speed brakes handle is connected to cables in the mixer set.
In flight, the backward movement of the handle will move the cables which
control the spoilers operation, to serve as speed brakes. It can be extended
to a maximum of 35° during this action
GROUND SPOILERS
When the speed brakes handle is raised to the ARM position, controls the
operation of the ground and flight SPOILER through the air to ground mixer
mechanism, or by the main gear tires rotation signal.
Flaps Handle
It must be pulled before moving the handle.
The Slats extends on 0/EXT and will remain extended for
consequent adjustments.
Positions are 0, 5, 15, 25, 40 and 50.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
VB
MACH 0.79 or 285 Indicated Knots (KIAS), for any weight and altitude.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
FLIGHT MANUAL
CHAPTER 6
ELECTRIC
GENERAL …….………………….…………………………...................................... 48
AC ENERGY SYSTEM GENERATOR ……………………………………………… 48
AC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM………………………….……………………………... 48
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS .……………………………………………..…….. 49
CAUTION AND WARNING LIGHTS …………………………………………………50
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
GENERAL
The electrical system of the airplane consists of a energy generation system and
distribution of AC of 115/200 volts, 400cps, trifasic, which provides energy to the
normal bars and of AC emergency. For circuits controls, illumination and other
devices that requires DC; The 115Volts AC Energy of the AC distribution bars
converts to 26volts of DC by transformers rectifiers. For the Instruments, the AC
115volts are reduced to a Monofasic AC 28 Volts, by the monofasic transformers.
When the main distribution system is de-energized, to start the APU and certain
parts of the DC, The energy is supplied by two batteries.
When all the AC supply sources has been lost, and inverter energized by the direct
bar from the battery, provides AC of 115 Volts, 400cps, monofasic, for emergency
current. The inverter also provides AC to the refueling system when there is no
normal energy available.
It has a battery charger, which is been energized by the AC ground service bar,
which maintains the batteries loaded.
The AC energy is normally provided by any of the three generators of the aircraft.
One installed on each engine and other in the APU. Each generator can deliver 40
KVA of maximum continuous is capable to provide enough energy to essential
electrical system operation in case of lost of any generator.
Each control circuit of each generator has incorporated a failure protection system
do disconnect it automatically from its bar and be de-energized in a case of failure
of circuit. Pulling the fire extinguishing handles also de-energize de generator.
Each generator can be reset by the GEN control switch, when the failure is fixed.
AC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
The loads of the Auxiliary hydraulic pump, ground ventilators, horizontal stabilizer
and galley energy, are supplied directly by the generator bars. In the left system,
the remaining energy is directed to the AC bar to supply energy to the smallest AC
monofasic loads and energy to the transformers-rectifiers. The right system is
identical with exception that part of the energy is directed through AC ground
service bar.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
DC VOLTAMPERIMTER
Indicates the current load or
discharge of the batteries, the
voltage of it, or the voltage of
the DC bar that is selected by
the indication selector
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
FLIGHT MANUAL
CHAPTER 7
HYDRAULIC
GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM DEPOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
ENGINE DRIVEN HYDRAULIC PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
AUXILIAR HYDRAULIC PUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
GENERAL
The Aircraft has two hydraulic systems totally independents designed left and right.
There is no way no take fluid from one system to the other. In some cases, the
pressure from each hydraulic system provides the same service, as example part
of the flaps actuator cylinders receives pressure from the left system, and other
part receives pressure from the right system. The service which normally receives
pressure from both systems will surely operate, but with reduced efficiency with
one system is inoperative.
Each system has a depot, an engine driven pump, moto-pump or alternate pump
which connects mechanically both systems. In the right system, it has an auxiliary
pump operated electrically. All pumps are designed to a continuous operation.
In both systems, is used a SKYDROL hydraulic fluid, which fire resistant. The
medium and high pressure, are stainless steel.
The left hydraulic system supplies and distributes pressure for operation of the
following subsystems:
The right hydraulic system supplies and distributes pressure for operation of the
following subsystems:
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
The Engine driven Hydraulic pumps and auxiliary, provides a 3,000 lbs/in pressure.
During normal flight conditions, when the system demands are low, the engine
driven pumps will operate a 1,500 lbs/in pressure in order to augment the life
service of the systems and pumps.
The left and right hydraulic systems depots are located aft interior corner in the
main wheels well. Each depot, supplies exclusively to its respective system.
Each depot has a capacity of 3 U.S. Gal, 11.35 litters.
It has provisions for ground service on each system, localized in main landing gear
bays, and includes connection panel for ground use, a hand pump for maintenance
use and a valve for disconnect the spoiler and depressurize the system.
The Left Hydraulic system is pressurized by a pump mounted on the left engine
and the pump mounted on the right engine, pressurize the right hydraulic system.
Each Pump is capable to deliver 3000 Lb/Plg² of pressure for any condition of the
flight.
The operations of each pump is controlled electrically by solenoids which are
operated by a 3 way switch (HIGH, LOW, OFF), located in the First Officer
instrument panel.
There is and auxiliary pump located in forward are in the main right gear well.
This pump can supply the demand of its respective hydraulic system and is
designed to continuous operation. However to increase its life should be shouted
off when it’s not required. This pump is capable continuous flow at a relation of 8
gal per min and a pressure of 3000 lbs/in. The Pump feeds from the left generator
bar and is controlled by the HYD AUX PUMP in the first officer instrument panel.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
HYD TEMP HI LIGHT HYD PRESS LOW LIGHT (Left & Right)
(Left & Right) Ignite to indicate low pressure.
Ignites when the If the SPOILERS pressure falls below
hydraulic fluid 900 ± 100 lbs/in the light ignites. The
temperature reaches switch who activates the light, is located
approximately 105°C forward of the pressure
(221°F). MASTER reducer.(1500lb/in and the relay valve.
CAUTION Lights also MASTER CAUTION Lights also ignites.
ignites The light will turn off when the pressure
rises at minimum of 1200 lbs/in
HYDRAULIC PRESSURE
INDICATORS (Left & Right)
ENGINE DRIVEN Shows the system hydraulic
HYDRAULIC PUMP (Left & pressure between the pump
Right) and the depot.
NOTE: In case of electrical
failure , the pumps will
operate in HIGH no
matter the switch
position
HI - Connects the pump
and delivers 3000 lb/in AUXLIARY HYDRAULIC
PUMP (Left & Right)
LOW –Connects the pump ON - Connects the pump
and delivers 1500 lb/in and delivers 3000 lb/in
HYDRAULIC QTY
INDICATOR (Left & Right)
Indicates the quantity of the
hydraulic fluid in the depot.
0 to 10 quarts
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
FLIGHT MANUAL
CHAPTER 8
GENERALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
STATIC PITOT SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
COMPASS INDICATOR SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
HORIZONTAL SITUATION INDICATOR (HSI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
VHF NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
- ANTENNAS LOCALIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
- NAVIGATION VHF SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
- DISTANCE MEASURE EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
ADF SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
TRANSPONDER XPNDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
RADIOALTIMETER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
ALTITUDE ALERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
GENERALS
This chapter covers all the related to the systems and equipment of flight
instruments and navigation. The systems and navigation equipment understand
the dependant as independent systems. The equipment and the systems provide
through of instruments attitude of the airplane, speed, altitude, vertical altitude,
course, direction and time.
This system for his operation takes information from the pitot probes (dynamic
pressure) and from the de static pressure intakes.
The instruments groups from this system are: Speed/Mach indicator, Barometric
Altimeter, Over speed sensor and Vertical speed indicator (VSI).
A Static selector allow to change, if requires, normal source of static pressure from
the captain and first officer to use the alternate static source.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
BAROMETRIC ADJUST
KNOB ALTITUDE NEEDLE
Is used to adjust the Indicates 1,000 feet
BAROMETRIC ALTIMETER per revolution.
barometric pressure
SPEEDMETER INDEX
MOVING NEEDLE KNOB
For SPEED AND MACH Used to adjust to a one speed
MACH AND AIRSPEED the speed meter index
INDICATOR
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
BANK INDEX
HORIZON
COMPENSATION KNOB
Turning it allows to adjust
in vertical, the reference
bar.
REFERENCE BAR
(AIRCRAFT SYMBOL)
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
SELECTED COURSE
AND RECIPROCAL
SELECTED HEADING INDICATOR
INDICATOR
Shows the selected
heading by the
TO / FROM Indicator
HEADING SELECTOR
Indicates VOR station
direction along the
selected course
GLIDESLOPE POINTER
AND DEVIATION PATH
COURSE DEVIATION
INDICATOR AND
DEVIATION SCALE
HEADING SELECTOR
Is used to adjust the
desired heading indicator
COURSE SELECTOR
Is used to adjust the
desired course indicator.
AIRPLANE SYMBOL
COMPASS FLAG
Appears when it has lost the
compass system energy, with
respect to indicator’s mobile portions
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
COURSE INDICATOR
Shows the Selected
Course.
COURSE SELECTOR
Is used to adjust the *DC-9 21, 41 and 51*
desired course
indicator.
FREQUENCY HEADING SELECTOR FREQUENCY
SELECTOR. (NAV 1) Is used to adjust the SELECTOR. (NAV2)
Selects the VOR1 / desired heading indicator Selects the VOR2 /
LOC Frequency LOC Frequency
DME1 INDICATOR
Shows distance in nautical miles between one
ground station and the airplane in the NAV 1.
A flag covers the distance indicator when this
information is unusable.
DME2 INDICATOR
Shows distance in nautical miles between one
ground station and the NAV 2.
A flag covers the distance indicator when this
information is unusable.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
TRANSPNDER CODE
WINDOW
Shows the selected transponder
code by the selector knobs.
RED FLAG
DECISION HEIGHT FLASH Will appear when the radio-
LIGHT altimeter indications isn’t
When ignites, indicates that reliable or when the instrument
minimum decision altitude is out of operation
has been reached
MINIMUM DECISION
ALTITUDE SELECTOR BUG
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
FLIGHT MANUAL
CHAPTER 9
ENGINES
GENERALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
ENGINE START . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
THRUST REVERSER SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
ENGINES CONTROLS AND INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
- ENGINE INSTRUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
- THRUST COMPUTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
- CAUTION LIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
GENERALS
The aircraft is equipped with two Pratt and Whitney JT8D Series rated at 14,000 to
16,000. The engines are equipped with a reverse thrust system.
Hydraulic Pump
Pneumatic march.
ENGINE START
Any engine could be started using ground pneumatic plant or by the pneumatic
supply of the auxiliary power unit. Once an engine is operating, the opposed one,
could be started, using the pneumatic cross feed system
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
INLET FUEL PRESS LOW (L & R) FUEL FILTER PRESS DROP (L & R)
Ignites when pressure fuel supply is Ignites when differential pressure in the main fuel
approximately 5 lb/in or less. MASTER CAUTION system is approximately 5 lb/in or less. MASTER
LIGHT ignites too. CAUTION LIGHT ignites too.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
ENGINES - LIMITATIONS
ENGINE THRUST
The takeoff thrust levels, maximum continuous and Maximum ascent are established by EPR appropriate
values for the ambient pressure and engine total entry temperature conditions.
OPERATIONAL LIMITS
OPERATIONAL Maximum rotor
CONDITIONS MAX. Observed Minimum oil Oil Temperature
TIME LIMIT speed
EGT ºC pressure Lb/In ºC
(RPM)
Takeoff 5 min 650 40 130 N1 N2
2min 660 40 130
Maximum cont. Continuous 610 40 130
12250 RPM
8800 RPM
Maximum Ascent Continuous 610 40 130
(102.4 %)
(100 %)
IDLE Continuous 480 + 40 130
Starting:
- In Ground Momentarily 550
- In Flight Momentarily 650
+ Applies when is using some air purge or thrust extraction
IGNITION
The engine ignition is not included in the FAA limitations, However, observance of the following cycle work will
increment the life and will help to prevent damage to the equipment
SELECTOR POSITION CYCLE WORK
GROUND START/OVRD 10 Minutes set
(20 AC JOULE) 10 minutes off
ANTI ICE
THE ENGINES ANTI ICXE MUST BE SET DURING TAKEOFFS IF THERE IS ICE FORMATION
CONDITIONS OR IF FORESEING THIS.
REVERSERS
REVERSE USE DURING TAXI OR IN FLIGHT IS NOT ALLOWED
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FLIGHT MANUAL
CHAPTER 10
PNEUMATIC
GENERALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
AUGMENTATION VALVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
CROSSFEED VALVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
GENERALS
Is used and pneumatic purge for the engine starting, ice protection, air conditioning
and pressurization.
The pneumatic for the engines starting is supplied by the APU or by pneumatic
equipment on ground. For the start of the opposed engine, can be done by the
pneumatic purge from the engine already started.
The Pneumatic is obtained from the air purge from the 8a and/or 13a compressor
stage from both engines. Normally the engine purge supplies the demands of its
respective air conditioning systems.
AUGMENTATION VALVE
An augmentation valve on each system regulates automatically the flow of the 13th
stage inside the system, when the pressure of the 8th stage is not high enough to
satisfy the demands of the air conditioning system. During DE-ICE system
operation , the augmentation valve operates as a temperature control valve.
CROSSFEED VALVE
The cross feed valve are controlled manually from the flight deck by means of two
handles located in the aft part of the pedestal. This valves serves to direct the
pneumatic supply from the APU or Ground plant to one or both engines during
starting, or from one engine to another when one engine is used to starting the
other. Directs the air for one or both engines to ice protection system and to the air
conditioning system.
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
PNEUMATIC - LIMITATIONS
NOTE: Pressures between 0 and 50 Lb/In2, with the Cross feed handles
Closed are considered –normal-
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FLIGHT MANUAL
CHAPTER 11
GENERALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
GENERALS
The auxiliary power plant (APU) is a self contained gas turbine installed on the
aircraft with the primary purpose of supply electrical power and pneumatic for the
air conditioning and engine starters, else energy for the normal operation of the
electrical systems while de aircraft is in the ground. The unit can be started and
operated on flight as alternate electric. The APU is installed in non pressurized
area of the bottom of the fuselage behind the pressure bulkhead.
The APU is feed from the fuel of the right tank. The Starting pump or any right or
central fuel pump which is operating, will supply fuel to the auxiliary plant. The APU
can be feed also with by any left fuel pump if the fuel cross feed handle is in one
position.
A fire detector system, with the same characteristics as the engine fire detection
system, is installed in the APU.
The APU has a 40Kva generator. The electric energy to starting the APU is
provided by the aircraft battery. The air purge for the engine starting and the
operation of the air-conditioning system is obtained in a port in the turbine collector
chamber of the APU.
The starter and fire controls are situated on the APU control panel, in the overhead
panel.
It has a circuit to provide 1minute automatic warming when the APU is starting,
independently of the air purge position switch, and 1 minute for the automatic
cooling after the master switch is set to off.
A switch control for the doors allows the automatic selection in order to position of
the air intakes doors. The switch is set in AUTO for all normal conditions of Starting
and operation.
The APU fuel control is automatically. The extraction of the pneumatic energy is
regulated by a load control valve, controlled by a pneumatic thermostat which
regulates the fuel flow as the APU load requires. The APU generator demand has
priority over pneumatic extraction.
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FLIGHT MANUAL
CHAPTER 12
GENERALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
ICE PROTECT IN ENGINES AND CONTROL SURFACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
PROBE HEAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
COMPONENTS LOCALIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
GENERALS
Ice protection systems uses hot air and electric resistance for anti ice, defog and
de-ice. The rain removal is made it by chemical repellent and the windshield wipers
electrically operated.
The air purge of anyone of the engines provides hot air for Anti ice of: Slats, air
probe pipes and for De-Ice of stabilizer’s leading edge. Separated systems control
the Anti-ice on the compressor blades and the nacelle.
A system of ducts of crossed feeding allows that the heating of the leading edge of
the wing is provided by one or both engines.
Electrical resistance are used for De-Ice of the pitot tubes, static ports, Stall
sensors and the TAT.
When one or both AIRFOIL switches and their associated valves of feeding
crossed of pneumatics are acted; the system of protection against ice of the
surfaces, provides heating to Slats, Strakes, and to the blower pipe of impact of the
conditioned air in flight.
The protection against ice for the engines is provided by independent systems,
controlled by located individual switches in the board of DE-ICE protection. Each
system provides protection against ice to its respective engine, nacelle and fan.
PROBE HEAT
Operation of the probe heat system is fully automatic. Power to the electrically
heated probes is applied any time an engine is running.
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FLIGHT MANUAL
CHAPTER 13
FIRE PROTECTION
GENERALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
FIRE INDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
ENGINE FIRE INDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
APU FIRE INDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
FIRE EXTINTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
GENERALS
The fire protection system provides de media to detect and extinguish fire on the
engines, APU compartment besides to immediately alert the crew by audible and
visual indications. The system consists in components of: detection, extinction and
indication of fire and electric circuit.
The system is double, has two separate fire detection circuits (LOOP A and B) and
an individual control on each area. Even with an inoperative detection circuit
(LOOP) in an area, the aircraft can be dispatched or continuing the flight with the
other operative circuit.
FIRE INDICATION
It has fire alarm indication on the flight deck by MASTER WARNING light, the
corresponding light of each engine and APU, a fire bell and a fire alarm speaker.
The Engine fire alarm lights are located in the Fire extinguisher handle (R & L ENG
FIRE) which are on the upper panel. The handle are red, of transparent material,
which illuminates when the lights ignites.
When a fire condition is detected on an engine area, the respective fire handle
ignites and fire bell will sound.
The Bell sound will be silenced automatically when the fire extinguisher handle is
pulled.
It has red fire alarm lights of the APU, are located on the anunciator panel and
APU ground control panel. MASTER WARNING will ignites together with a APU
fire detection system signal.
FIRE EXTINTION
The Extinguisher system consists in a fixed system and a portable. The fixed
counts with 2 extinguisher bottle agents, distribution lines control circuit a low
pressure indication lights
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FLIGHT MANUAL
CHAPTER 14
LANDING GEAR
GENERALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
NOSE GEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
NOSE GEAR BAY DOOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
MAIN LANDING GEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
MAIN COMPONENT LOCALIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
VISUAL VERIFICATION OF POSITION OF THE LANDING GEAR LOCK . . 90
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
FLIGHTDECK & BRAKES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
NOSE WHEEL STEERING CONTROL BRAKES & ANTISKID . . . . . . . . . . . 92
MINIMUM TURNING RADIOS
- DC-9 Series 10’s and 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
- DC-9 Series 30’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
- DC-9 Series 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
- DC-9 Series 51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
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GENERALS
The airplane counts with a conventional landing gear tricycle type. When is
retracted, stays fully covered by doors. This are actuated hydraulically and
mechanically.
The landing gear is acted by the landing gear handle installed on the first officer
panel. Can be extended by free fall using an emergency extension handle, located
on the floor, right to the pedestal.
The undercarriage is retracted by hydraulic pressure from the right system and can
be extended and locked by pressure of the right hydraulic system, by pressure of
the alternate system or by free fall. When free fall is used, the main landing gear
doors, operated hydraulically, will not close
NOSE GEAR
The set of the nose gear consists of two installed double wheels of a steerable
strut. The nose gear is insured in the extended or retracted position by a centered
mechanism. During the normal operation, the mechanism of trim unlocks
hydraulically to allow to the extension and retraction of the gear.
Once main gear is retracted, will be sustained by hydraulic pressure as long as the
hydraulic pumps are operating to 3000 PSI. If the pumps operate to 1500 PSI,
main gear will rest on the doors. If there’s not enough hydraulic pressure to the
extension of gear, the locks of the doors of main to gear can loosen with the handle
of extension of the emergency gear.
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ANTI-SKID LIGHT
OFF – ANTI SKID system is
inoperative. The foot pressure over the
pedals, controls the hydraulic pressure
over the brakes. 4 ANTI-SKID lights
on.
NOTE: The OFF position is also used
CIRCUIT TEXT SWITCH
to cycling the system. If any anti-skid
OFF – Test circuit inoperative
light remains ON with the switch in
A or B positions are duplicated
AMR position must be set in OFF and
circuit test. Anti-skid lights should
return to ARM to cycling the system.
ignites with the switch in any of this
ARM – After the wheel turns, the anti-
positions. Before the test, the ANTI-
skid system will measure the hydraulic
SKID Switch should be in ARM
pressure on the brakes, resultant of
position to activate the system and
the pressure applied to the brakes.
the parking brakes should be
The Anti-skid system will watch the
released.
wheels speed to provide maximum
cooling without skidding until
approximately 20 knots. ANTI-SKID
lights OFF
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FLIGHT MANUAL
CHAPTER 15
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
NORMAL OPERATION
SERVOS ENGAGE AND PITCHING MANEOUVERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
VOR AUTOMATIC CAPTURE WITH AUTOMATIC PILOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
AUTOMATIC ILS APPROACH WITH AUTOMATIC PILOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
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AUTOPILOT MODE
ANUNCIATOR
HDG SEL LIGHT ALT HLD
HDG SEL switch is in Vertical speed wheel is
ON position in ALT HOLD position
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DC-9 OPERATIONS MANUAL
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Greetings
Sky Simulations would like to thank the support, effort of all the people that help or
contribute in any way on the development of this product.
We also like to thank to all of our customers for helping us increase realism and
professionalism of our products and our company, without you we are nothing.
The information contained on this manual should not be altered in any way.
COPYRIGHT © 2009
SKY SIMULATIONS ®
All Rights Reserved MMIX
www.skysimulations.com
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