PROCEEDINGS PEKAN ILMIAH TAHUNAN IAGI 2018

Hotel Pangeran, Pekanbaru, October 28th – November 1st, 2018

SAWARNA GEOLOGY: THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTOURISM FOR HERITAGE

CONSERVATION IN SAWARNA, BANTEN

Irsyadulhaq1, Muhammad Agung Akrom Fahmi2, Hamzah Imanul Haq3, Fatih Akbarul Irsan4, Budi
Brahmantyo5
1,2,3,4
Geology Engineering Students, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
5
Geology engineering Study Program, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract - In this era, natural tourism is being one of tourism destination which attracts many Indonesian tourists. Indonesia has
natural tourism that has potential to be geotourism or geopark. The development of natural tourism to be geotourism or geopark
improves the values and the citizens’ income who live around that natural tourism. However, that development definitely needs
attention from the society, government, and the specialist in this sector. The researcher plans to develop sawarna to be geopark.
Geographically, this village, sawarna which situated at kecamatan Bayah, Kabupaten Lebak, Provinsi Banten has a
research area which located in 6°58'12.7"SL - 6°59'10.4"SL and 106°15'50.9"EL-106°20'09.1"EL or 9229335.79 - 9227501.22
mU 639684.63 - 647665.41 mT. From the aspect of geomorphology, sawarna has potential to be geotourism area, such as:
geology mapping, continuation of geomorphology studies, and petrography studies. This research proposed to this area to map
the area which has high geotourism prospect. The research also proposed to the coal mine area to know about coal prospect and
to not disturb the geology inheritance in sawarna. The results of the research are included of map of geomorphology, map of
geology tourism in sawarna, analysis of geomorphology, analysis of petrography, analysis of petrology, and suggestion of mining
prospect area to not ruin the geology inheritance.
Keywords: Sawarna, geotourism, mining, geology inheritance.

Copyright PIT IAGI – 2018. All right reserved

Sawarna itself has a coastline length of 65 km(BPS,
2016).
INTRODUCTION
The scope formulation carried out in this research
The landscapes which are formed in an area
encompasses geological matters including
can present particular characteristics that are worth
geomorphology, lithology, and geotourism. Aside
being enjoyed so as to make it a tourism destination.
from that, this research includes environmental
One of special landscapes in Indonesia are the
problems faced by the research area specifically the
beautiful beaches. Among them is the beauty of Desa
tourism aspect.
Sawarna, Kecamatan Bayah, Kabupaten Lebak,
Banten. Since 2012, the exoticism and beauty of
DATA AND METHOD
Sawarna’s panorama started to become a trending
topic in the society. However, there are still many The datas used in this research are secondary data,
places that has not been exposed to be developed. namely RBI map, geological map, satellite image and
Therefore, the development of geotourism is needed primary data.
in Sawarna. Administratively, the research area is
located at Desa Sawarna, Kecamatan Bayah, Method of Collecting Data
Kabupaten Lebak, Provinsi Banten. Geographically, This research is done in four stages consisting of
it is located at 6°56'5"SL - 6°59'45"SL and preparation, field data collecting, processing, and
106°15'53"EL - 106°20'13"EL. The percentage of drafting the final report.
land in the research area consisting of 30% lowland,
20% coast, and 50% mountain. But specifically,
 PROCEEDINGS PEKAN ILMIAH TAHUNAN IAGI 2018
Hotel Pangeran, Pekanbaru, October 28th – November 1st, 2018

1. Preparation Stage
Preparation is the first stage before data collecting.
In this stage literature study, determining the
location boundaries of research field, topographic
map analysis, satellite image analysis, the earth
shape or geomorphology analysis, the river flow
pattern analysis, and interpretation of the lithology
distribution are conducted.

2. Field Data Collecting Stage

In this stage, geological datas are collected
including geomorphology and outcrops, rock
Picture 1. Geological Map of Sawarna
samples, as well as data on condition and lithology
distribution in the area where research is Geomorphological condition of the research area
conducted. consists of six units. They are Beach Unit, Mountain
Karst Unit, Lowland A Unit, Lowland B unit,
3. Data Processing Stage Mountain Fold A Unit, and Mountain Fold B Unit.
This stage is processing primary data taken from
the research field and secondary data in the form
of RBI map and regional geological map. Other
than that, petrographical analysis is conducted to
know the composition of components constructing
the rock, as well as determining the type of
lithology in the research area.

4. Final Report Drafting Stage

This stage is for drafting the final report and
concluding the geological condition of the research
area based on field data and laboratory analysis. Picture 2. Geomorphological map of Sawarna

The region of Sawarna and its surroundings has a lot

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The Geological condition of research area consists of
seven rock units. They are Alluvium (Qa), Member
of Conglomerate Bayah Formation (Teb), Cimapag
Formation (Tmc), Member of Limestone Cimapag
Formation (Tmci), Member of Tuf Citarete
Formation (Tmt), Member of Limestone Citarete
Formation (Tmti), and Member of Sandstone
Cijengkol Formation (Toj).
of typical geological wealth. In its utilization, we
focus on developing the geotourism. The value of
sustainable development also becomes a
consideration in this utilization. From the result of
this research, we make recommendation for coverage
of areas that are expected to have prospects. The goal
is the mining that will run does not just explore all
regions as to cause a lot of damage. So by way of
countermeasures, geotourism can be the means.

From the geotourism object found in the research

area, before the trajectory is made and plotted on the
topographic map into geotrek map and tourism
potential.(picture3).
 PROCEEDINGS PEKAN ILMIAH TAHUNAN IAGI 2018
Hotel Pangeran, Pekanbaru, October 28th – November 1st, 2018
Picture 3. Geotrek map and potential tourism at
Sawarna
When a region has implemented an integrated
management of geological heritages with the cultural
heritages with the main goal of education
conservation and sustainable development, thus the
opportunity for Sawarna and its surroundings to be
Geopark will be more probable. This matter will
result in the profit which can make the region gain
more income for the prosperity of community
because the area becomes more known with that
added value.
Pulo Manuk
Pulo Manuk of the island and beach rides is a
conservation area. There are outcrops that visible on
the shores and Islands of Pulo Manuk for obtain
geological data. This area is a unit of Sandstone
Bayah’s Formations composed of sandstones and
conglomerates. This unit is contiguous with units of
Claystone early Eocene Bayah’s Formation. Fine-
grained sandstones-being with fragments of quartz,
clay-sized matrices and carbonate. Sandstone is
white, fine-medium sand grain size, compact, good
sorting, sub-angular, good porosity, there is parallel
lamination structure and the flaser, thick 10 cm-3 m
thin section shows the composition quartz and
pyroxene. Light brown coloured conglomerate,
gravel-sized cobble-pebble, rounded-subangular,
good sorting, consisting of fragments of quartz sand
with medium sized matrix, 5-10 cm thick.
The strike layer tend towards NW-SE that turned
instead to the North. These indicate build a fold in the
North. The are also contains limestone outcrop above
coral reefs and unconformity layer of units alluvial
deposite. The area is likely to develop into a tourist
area with the uniqueness of the place and area of the
fishing boats dock.
Karang Bongkor
This location is a unit of limestone formations of the
Citarete was the early Miocene. The Coral Beach is
craggy and likewise (Cliff) mountaneous coast in the
form of geological weathering and abrasion processes
continuously. The type of this beach is arranged by
type of limestone rocks that make up the steep slopes
and contour extends into the tip of the Cape. The
uniqueness of Karang bongkor on the coast of
Sawarna is a part separate from dissolving karst due
to the abrasion process continues. The uniqueness of
this iconic typical Sawarna Beach
Goa Langir Complex
Formation of limestone cliffs form the Citarete
Formation and the complex karst caves provide this.
Caves consists of Goa Harta Karun, Goa Seribu
Candi, and Goa Langir. The cave is formed from the
Middle Miocene as dissolving results. There are
stalactites and stalagmite make up roof and walls of
the caves. The beauty of this location is the door of
cave directly towards the coast. The complex that
consists of limestone rock. Gray Rocks, clastic
textures. There the dissolving and recrystallization,
consists of the fossil foraminifera, corals, algae, there
are fragments of Quartz.
Sawarna Beach
Deposits of alluvial beaches covering an area of 500
metres. These alluvial deposits is unconformity layer
above older rocks. The composition of the rocks in
the form of gravel rock fragments, pebble, sand,
clays, which are fragments of sandstone, andesite,
claystone, coral fragments, and mud.
 PROCEEDINGS PEKAN ILMIAH TAHUNAN IAGI 2018
Hotel Pangeran, Pekanbaru, October 28th – November 1st, 2018
Tanjung Layar
This location is close to the location of the New
Lagoon which is located in the Western Cape. the
location is at the unit of rock formations of Cimapag
form of sandstones and conglomerates. Sedimentary
clastic rock and pyroclastic is deposition of turbidity
type. Tanjung Layar Screen is a beach which is
surrounded by a cluster of limestone which overlooks
the Indian Ocean. This beach called Tanjung Layar
because the presence of a chunk of rock which is the
remnant of the sea waves abrasion appears to look
like a boot sails. The bed of the structure there is a
slump under the outcrop. The process of formation of
these stones is a natural process that happens since
the late Miocene. Other features of the Sawarna
beach, there is the rock diorite–andesite intrusion,
sandstone, and conglomerate.
Karang Taraje
In this area formed the results from deposits of unit
sandstones Cimapag Formation from the late
Miocene. Litology of rocks consists of sandstone
cross bedding structure that repeats. The structure of
the rocks which creates looks like Taraje or stairs.
Erosion and abrasion of rocks in the area makes a
perfect stairs facing towards the sea.
Curug Utara Complex
This area consists of the Curug Duatilu and Curug
Cisujen. Curug is still beautiful and yet many people
know. Long distances and difficult track is an
obstacle towards the location. In geology, a complex
structure formed from fault that the direction NNE-
SSW. The location of the rocks from the members of
the conglomerate Bayah Formations. Coal outcrops
found near the location of the Curug Duatilu.
Goa Lalay
Lalay means bat in Sundanese language. The location
of the cave is a karst cave with stalactites and
stalagmites. Limestone caves with nicely reliefs
inside it, with the depth of the cave is more than 2000
meters. This site is a member of the Rocky limestone
Formation cimapag. Composed of limestone,
claystone, and marls of the Middle Miocene age.
Goa Lauk
Goa Lauk has a long distance 3000 meters from the
cave with stalactites, stalagmites, ornament, gordam,
and canopy. This location is the spread of rocks from
unit limestone of Citarete formation.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the research that was done there are many
things that can be concluded, those are:
a. The geological condition of research area consists
of seven rock units. They are Alluvium (Qa),
Member of Conglomerate Bayah Formation (Teb),
Cimapag Formation (Tmc), Member of Llimestone
Cimapag Formation (Tmci), Member of Tuf Citarete
Formation (Tmt), Member of Limestone Citarete
Formation (Tmti), and Member of Sandstone
Cijengkol Formation (Toj).
b. The geomorphological condition of research area
consists of six units. They are Beach Unit, Mountain
Karst Unit, Lowland A Unit, Lowland B unit,
Mountain Fold A Unit, and Mountain Fold B Unit.
c. In research area 15 locations were found that could
potentially be developed as geotourism object. They
are Pulo Manuk, Karang Bokor, Goa Langir, Goa
Seribu Candi, Goa Harta Karun, Pantai Pasir Putih
Sawarna, Tanjung Layar, Puncak Evakuasi Tsunami,
Karang Beureum, Lagoon Pari, Karang Taraje, Goa
Lalay, Curug Cisujen, Curug Duatilu, and Goa Lauk.
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Structual Pattern of South Banten and It’s
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ITB.
Martodjojo, S. 1984. Evolusi Cekungan Bogor.
Bandung: ITB.
Pulunggono, A. dan Martodjojo, S. 1994. Perubahan
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 PROCEEDINGS PEKAN ILMIAH TAHUNAN IAGI 2018
Hotel Pangeran, Pekanbaru, October 28th – November 1st, 2018

Proceeding Geologi dan Geotektonik Pulau Jawa.

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