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GEOSYNTHETICS
IN ROADS
An Overview
Dr G. Venkatappa Rao
Separation
What is separation?
Separation prevents the mixing of two different soils while allowing free
water flow.
No geotextile With
Geotextile
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Mechanism of Separation
Appropriate pore size
for geosynthetic
Advantages of
interlock
Construction
expedient or long term
effect
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Problem :
impossible access …
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Lateral Restraint
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Geotextile Classification
Test Class 1 (severe) Class 2 (typical) Class 3 (moderate)
Methods Units
woven nonwoven woven nonwoven woven nonwoven
Grab ASTM N 1400 900 1100 700 800 500
strength D4632
Sewn seam ASTM N 1200 810 990 630 720 450
strength D4632
Tear ASTM N 500 350 400 250 300 180
strength D4533
Puncture ASTM N 500 350 400 250 300 180
strength D4833
Requirements
Test Percent In Situ Soil Passing 0.075 mm
Methods Units
< 15 15 to 50 > 50
Geotextile Class Class 2
Permittivity ASTM D4491 s-1 0.5 0.2 0.1
Apparent opening size ASTM D4751 mm 0.43 0.25 0.22
max. avg. roll max. avg. max. avg. roll
value roll value value
Ultraviolet stability ASTM D4355 % 50% after 500 hr. of exposure
(retained strength)
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Requirements
Test Percent In Situ Soil Passing 0.075 mm
Methods Units
< 15 15 to 50 > 50
Geotextile Class
woven monofilament geotextiles Class 2
all other geotextiles Class 1
Permittivity ASTM D4491 s-1 0.7 0.2 0.1
Apparent opening size ASTM D4751 mm 0.43 0.25 0.22
max. avg. max. avg. max. avg. roll
roll value roll value value
Ultraviolet stability ASTM D4355 % 50% after 500 hr. of exposure
(retained strength)
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Problem:
difficulty in compaction
weak soil
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The solution
Proper
compaction
possible!
Biaxial
geogrid
weak soil
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Problem :
insufficient bearing capacity
The solution
More effective
load distribution
enables heavier
loading
Biaxial
geogrid
weak soil
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Base Biaxial
Sub-base geogrid
weak soil
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Site
clearing
Over
lap
At
curves
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Placing
Geogrids
Tensioning
&
Pinning
Dumping over
Firm ground
After
Anchoring
Atleast 15 cm
Fill for
Tracked
equipment
Dumping
D over
Soft
u ground
•End
m dumping
•*No waves
•Overlap
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C
O
M
P
A
C
T
I
O
N
Geosynthetics in Asphalt
Pavements
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The Solutions
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Crack propagation
depends on tensile
stress
Interaction of asphalt
layer and foundation
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High temperatures
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Oxford/Jewell Method
Input parameters
Undrained shear strength and unit weight of
subgrade
Applied contact pressure & wheel load
No of load applications
Output
Layer thickness; reinforced & unreinforced
Asphalt Reinforcement
Increase in fatigue life
Reduction in rutting
New construction
Strengthening overlays
Generally requires stiff geogrids
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Fatigue life
increased by
10 times
Grid located at
bottom of layer
Use in
mechanistic
design method
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400
400
1 layer
300
200
200
2 layers
100
00
0.1
0.1 11 10
10 100
100
Design Life
Design Life (msa)
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in Roads G V Rao 63
Reflection Cracking
Locate near to
existing discontinuity
Mechanistic design
method still evolving
Stiff geogrid best
Geotextile can
waterproof
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Stiffness of geogrid
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Reflection Cracking
Comparisons
(Caltabiano & Brunton, 1991)
Overlay Relative Relative
Life Cost
Standard 1.0 -
Asphalt
Polymer modified 2.5 2.5
asphalt
Geotextile 5.0 1.0
Geogrid 10.0 4.0
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Benefits of AR-grids
Long-term solutions:
proven effectiveness for over 15 years
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Tensar Glasstex
Glasstex is a
high-strength, low strain composite of
glassfibre reinforcement and
a non-woven base
asphalt layer (overlay)
Glassfibre reinforcement
= GLASSTEX
Non-Woven (SAMI)
Types of Glasstex
Glasstex Strength Type of Application
Type
P50 50/50 normal road widening
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Overlay
Tensar Glasstex
bitumen emulsion layer
ROAD WIDENING
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Installation of Glasstex
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Direct installation on emulsion layer
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Benefits of Glasstex
High strength solution for long term loading
on asphalt layer
Reinforcement SAMI construction; solutions
for shorter term effectiveness
Very quick installation techniques possible
Reinforcement of thin overlays possible
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Cyclic loading
(traffic, temperature)
static loading
(sub-base construction)
fatigue ++ --
reflective
++ 0
cracking
rutting ++ -
road widening
- ++
Frost heave -- ++
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Additional Benefits
Simple installation guidelines available
Both Tensar AR and Tensar Glasstex are
resistant to high asphalt installation temperatures
Both can be removed using modern equipment
and can be recycled
Summarising Benefits of
Tensar Asphalt Reinforcement
1. Cost-effective solutions to reduce life-cycle
cost of asphalt pavements
2. High quality products
3. Specially developed characteristics
4. Almost 20 years experience
5. Well proven in service for many years
6. Extensive knowledge and support
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References
Venkatappa Rao, G., (1996), “IGS Lecture 1995:
Geosynthetics in the Indian Environment”,
Indian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1, 94p
IGS pps lecture notes
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THANK YOU
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