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Anodes
SECTION 1 – INTRODUCTION
Due to the environment in which they operate, ships are among the structures most exposed to
environmental corrosion. The sea water is a very corrosive environment because the salt present
in it makes it a very good conductor of electricity. It creates a lot of free ions which accelerate
oxidation of iron (mild steel) which ships are made of. This oxidation creates what we know as
rust.
Almost every part of the ship is subjected to corrosion, with varying intensity. Parts of the vessel
underwater or exposed to water (e.g. ballast tanks and pipes) are more affected by corrosion.
Some of the parts highly exposed to corrosion by sea water are
Ship’s external hull – exposed to water
Rudder
Propeller shaft
Bilge Keel
Bow Thruster
Cargo Tanks
Ballast Tanks
Other tanks
Pipes carrying ballast/cargo
There are various methods of protecting the ship hull and other areas from corrosion. The
selected method depends on the area to be protected, its shape and its environment.
There are three major methods of corrosion protection
Anti-corrosion paints – metallic/organic
Cathodic Protection – ICCP (Impressed Current Cathodic Protection)
Cathodic Protection – Sacrificial Anodes
In this article, we will discuss one of such methods: Cathodic Protection using Sacrificial Anodes
Recommended Initial, Final and Mean Current Densities as per DNV RP-B401
4.2 Coating Breakdown Factor
The second important concept here is the coating breakdown factor. When a surface is coated
with an electrically insulating coating (epoxy, polyurethane or vinyl based), then this provides
additional protection against corrosion and reduces the current demand.
The factor by which the coating reduces the current demand of a structure is called coating
breakdown factor. Its value lies between 0 and 1. A value of 0 means that the coating is 100%
insulating, and a value of 1 means that the coating provides no current reduction.
The extent of reduction in current demand is dependent on the type of coating and the water
depth at which the structure is installed.
There are different types of coatings as prescribed in DNV-RP-B401
Category I One layer of epoxy paint coating, min. 20 μm nominal DFT
Category II One or more layers of marine paint coating (epoxy, polyurethane or vinyl based),
total nominal DFT min. 250 μm.
Category III Two or more layers of marine paint coating (epoxy, polyurethane or vinyl based),
total nominal DFT min. 350 μm.
*DFT = Dry Film Thickness
The coating breakdown factor if given by
f = a + b.t
where t is the coating age and a, b are factors determined from DNV-RP-B401
Seawater Resistivity as function of Temperature for salinity between 30-40% (Source DNV-RP-
B401)
Depending on the type of anode, there are different formulae to calculate the resistance of
anode
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