Illustration of Flood disaster in Special Capital District of Jakarta Province

The sea surface in Asia nowaday is predicted will keep going up to1-3 mm per year. However the
increase of sea surface in Jakarta is mostly because of land surface lowering. The using excessive of
ground water causes land surface lowering. Study indicates the average of land surface lowering in
Jakarta is 40 mm per year, and in some place point in North Jakarta reaches 20 cm per year. The high
people growth will always add indictment to the environment.
With the restrictiveness of the available resource, Jakarta needs a solution which is able to be aplicated
to avoid and adapt the river problems which has been occured all this time. If Jakarta cannot answer
these problems, it won’t take any longer for Jakarta to be going down.

The Jakarta construction in a few decades has made the river tobe the back yard of this town. It is also
reflected by people of Jakarta passivity, they are not aware of condition of drainage and river in Jakarta.
Most of physical effort which has been done is subjecting water, fortifying the water stream without
paying any attention the sustainability of water and waste management in the river. It needs stategy to
make a solution for water support capability sustain and take a great benefit on it for Jakarta protection
on managing yearly flood in Jakarta City.

It needs paradigm change from ‘against water’ become ‘live with water, from ‘throwing waste’ become
‘managing waste’. The idea which is aimed of policy and stategy for climate change generally and
stategy management of river stream particularly is needed. The government needs to give the opening
solution to solve flood problem and also persuade people in order to contibute on implementing the
solution, because government effort is not enough to solve the problem perfectly, it needs sustainability
solution on handling water problem, more over the flood problem in Jakarta which occurs every year.

One of the main problem of flood that happens in Jakarta is the shallow surface because the sediment
volume on the riverbed, so the ability of water to intercept and retain water is decreasing significantly,
therefor dredging and managing river bank area is necessary for river management sustainability.

The effort that has been done by national government and Special Region of Jakarta government in
2012 is got loan from world bank to to the dregding project for 13 rivers i Jakarta, which is known as JEDI
(Jakarta Emergency Dregding Initiative), JEDI has a quite good impact to solve river problem, so the
government needs to continue JEDI project for all the river in Jakarta such as sub river and other main
rivers beside the 13 rivers.

The significant impact is the decrease of point flood area in Jakarta since 2013 which reach 25 regency,
and now in 2018 become 13 regency.

2. Problems

Water stream problem needs to pay attention to two aspects, they are urban physical aspect and
human aspect. It is explained before that Jakarta has multidimension problem which came rom the
impact of insensitive physical urban and people are not aware of their environment, how to live in
proper way in the city. Both aspects is has to be solved.

For example, to solve urban physical, we need technical solution such as restraint flood, repairing
drainage, dredging river and water stream, increase water capacity, and increase land capacity to absorb
water. And to solve human aspect, we need to hold non-technical activities such as activities which are
designed to increase people awareness and people participation to keep their environment
sustainability.
Physical effort which has been done all this time will not be affected if people life style doesn’t change.
Dredging will never be enough if people still throw the rubbish into the rivers. The contruction of clean
water tube will be invain if people still pump water from the ground. And it will be useless setting
facilities to enjoy river environtment if people don’t want to use or keep those facitilities.

Answering the necessary to solve both aspect, solution and methode that will be recomended is
dredging sustainability for Jakarta rivers which is able to create new vacancies for the people by
phenomenological of river and riverbank normalization. Constructing sediment management inside the
river and re-manage the sediment as contruction material.

CHAPTER II

BASIC THEORY

“We must constantly build dikes of courage to hold back the flood of fear”.
- Marthin Luther King Jr.-

1. The effort of Special Capital Region of Jakarta Goverment

The Jakarta Goverment has normalize water stream to return the main function of river. Nomalization is
done when the riverbed is too shallow, so it needs dredging, there are so many river walls prone to
landslides, water stream which is not constructed well, and there are many watershed is misused for
housing will be rearrange.

Normalization on the riverbank is not Wasteheap causes increasing

optimal yet sediment

To optimize the process of river normalization, the government of Special Capital Region of Jakarta has
made some efforts, there are dredging river to make the river wider and deeper, setting the sheet pile
to ossificate river wall, construction of new straight and shortest line waterway diversion, and also
constructing dike with heap ground or concrete wall along flood area.

Another effort which has been done by the Special Capital Region of Jakarta is coordinating with
National Government to make a big barrage in Ciawi (it is able to make upper course water stream
slower) and also decrease 30% of water volume to Jakarta. Where this project is begun in 2017 and it is
planned to finish in 2019.

Beside the effort mention above, other another effort which has been done is dredging 13 rivers project
which is known as Jakarta Emergency Dredging Innitiative (JEDI) impacted significatly to solve river
problem in Jakarta, the other effort is cleaning and revitalizing the river banks frequently.

In 2018, Special Capital Region Government is planning for land acquisition approximately 187.982 m2
with charge reach Rp853,4 billion to make the river wider and also to build new polders as water
catcher. Water dredging is done by using escavator frequently, however it is not optimal because it is
not designed yet for sustainability.

We need sustain paradigm in solving rivers in Jakarta for future plan, is not only dredging sediment
which is lay on the riverbed, but also set the riverbank, we need to think the sustainability for the
sediments which is lay on the riverbed can be useful for Jakarta Province Developement.

2. About Dredging

Dredgeng is from the word dredge, based on dictionary dregde is an apparatus for bringing up objects or
mud from a river or seabed by scooping or dragging. Or it is process, how, the activity of dredge (Big
Dictionary of Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta. Balai Pustaka, 1994.ISBN979.407-182-X). And the definition of
dredging according of International Association of Dredging Company is scooping the ground or material
from watedbed, it is usually in shallow waters such as lake, river, estuary or shallow sea, and dislocate or
remove to another location.

To do dredging people usually use dredging ship which has particular equipment which is fit to area that
will be dredged, such as:

 Waterbed condition (stony, sandy, etc)

 The dredging area (river, lake, estuary, shallow sea, etc)
 Rules or things are asked by local government or party who asked for dredging
The main dredging is has three steps which is explained below:

1. Separating and taking material from waterbed by using

 Erision
 Jetting
 Cutting
 Suction
 Breaking
 Grabbing
2. Carrying material by using
 Barges
 Barges or ship which is designed particularly to have receptacle (hoppers)
 Floating pipeline
 Conveyor-belt
 Truck
3. Banishment of material uses
 Pipeline discharge
 Lift tool such as crane
 Open the under door in some ship or barge which is designed special (hopper barges)

Type of Dredgings

Capital Dredging

This dredging is done to make:

 New harbour, include sea voyage stream. Widening or deepening the exist harbour/canal/river
 Reclamation project
 Other thing which involves with mining.

The tools which is usually usde is cutter-suction dredger.

This dredging is done for these things below

1. Navigation
2. Infrastucture
3. Coastal engineering
 One of it is beach nourishment, it is mining sand offshore and it is placed on the beach to
recoup sand erosion by storm or wave. It is done to protect the fuction of beach and
recration.
4. Mining industry
 Dredging mineral
 Relocating land surface/over burden
  Reclamation ex-mining.
5. Mining Industry offshore
 Making pipe trech under water
  Decompression of grpund cohesion
 Fluidization of ground layer
 Flow density
 The settlement of ground particle/sediment

Sediment Trap

Dredging water stream brings so many ecology damage,

but it has to be done to make a good water stream.
Sediment trap is a enviromental friendly technic to solve
dredging problem. Sediment trap is a collecting mud
system which is waste bin located under and through the
collecting area, mud is collected and thrown using pipe. It
is a very exciting method ecologically whis is drainage
placed where mud is dreged and thrown in particular
times using pump. Sediment trap has been aplicated in Luteren and Delft.

Sediment Trap is the concept offered by Van Oord to make easier collecting sediment in the river
stream, circulates water stream faster because the sediment is not getting wide, so sediment is can be
collected easier, and can be distributed easier or it can be carried up to the land easier. The way of
working sediment trap has 4 steps, they are:

 Sand catcher: sand moves in the river surface ends in the box trap;
 Velocity inhibitors: dike is arranged to block particle movement in the riverbed (such as mud,
waste, etc), and water keeps stream normally.
 Sink tank: it is tank where sand and other particle gathers before it is carried out.
 Sludge collection using pumping instalation: it is make sure that mud is pumped up into the tank
above the ground and make easier to carry.

Drainage through Sludge Cylinder

Sludge Cylinder is a fast settled filter and it is suitable to drain mud/sediment with water in a limit area.
The capacity of cylinder reaches 250m3 and the diameter is adjusted 11 m for maximum and 6 m for
minimum. For maximum Cylinder, it needs 95 m2 wide, and for minimum, it needs 30 m2 wide. Through
the pipes, mud flows to the cylinder which is mixed more than 2/3 water. Particle wadding enters into
the filter and sink into the waterbed, filtered water out through the geotextile beside it, and when all
water out from the cylinder mud is pumped into the cylinder, until the cylinder is full of drained mud.