1. Which of the following statements regarding 7.

At the end of each phase of cell cycle cyclins

cyclin-dependent protein kinase is not correct? activating Cdks in that phase are inactivated
a. Their activity is regulated by cyclins irreversibly by
b. They can alter the activity of proteins a. Multiple phosphorylations
involve in the progression of cells b. De-phosphorylation
through cell cycle c. Ubiquitinylation
c. Their activity fluctuates during cell cycle d. Destabilizing by proteolysis in a
d. Each type of cell contains one specific proteosome
form
e. Their activity is regulated by changes in 8. At which cell cycle checkpoint, cell cycle is halted
gene expression, protein if cell’s DNA is damaged
phosphorylation and proteolysis a. G1 – S
b. S – G2
2. Which of the following statements regarding c. G2 – M
cyclins is not correct? d. G0 – G1
a. They can become linked to ubiquitin
b. They catalyze the phosphorylation of 9. Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not
protein in mitosis?
c. They contain specific amino acid a. Attachment of spindle fibers to
sequence that target them for kinetochore
proteolysis b. Replication of DNA prior to start of cell
d. They are activated and degraded during division
cell cycle c. Separation of sister chromatids at
anaphase
3. Ubiquitin is a d. Pairing of homologous chromosomes at
a. Protein kinase metaphase plate
b. Protease
c. Component of the electron transport 10. Passage of a cell through stages of cell cycle is
system controlled by a protein kinase that
d. Protein that tags another protein for phosphorylates many different proteins at
proteolysis appropriate times
a. Cdk activating kinase
4. Cdk2/cyclinE functions in b. Cyclin-dependent kinase
a. G2/M transition c. Cyclins
b. G2 d. Tyrosine kinase
c. M
d. G1/S transition 11. Proto-oncogenes can be transformed to
oncogenes by all of the following mechanisms
5. In which phase of cell cycle is DNA replicated? except
a. G1 phase a. Elimination of their start signals for
b. S phase translation
c. G2 phase b. During a viral infection cycle
d. M phase c. Chromosomal rearrangements
d. Chemically induced mutagenesis
6. Cyclin dependent kinases which control e. Radiation induced mutation
progression through cell cycle checkpoints are
totally activated by which of the following 12. Oncogenes do not encode for
a. Binding to cyclin, plus phosphorylation a. Trans-membrane protein receptors
by a Cdk activating protein kinase b. Growth factors
b. Binding to cyclins c. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
c. Phosphorylation by Cdk activating d. Cytoplasmic G-proteins and protein
protein kinase kinases
d. Phosphorylation by a tyrosine kinase
13. Programmed cell death is termed as
a. Metastasis
b. Apoptosis
c. Proliferation
d. Mitotic termination
14. Which of the following could be coded by a
tumor-supressor gene?
a. A protein that helps prevent
progression through cell cycle
b. A protein that helps prevent apoptosis
c. A protein that codes for a DNA repair
enzyme
d. A protein that forms part of a growth
factor signaling pathway
15. How does Ras oncogene contribute to cancers?
a. It codes for an anti-apoptotic protein,
produced in abnormally large amounts
b. It codes for a GTPase switch protein,
which in its mutated form cannot be
switched off
c. It codes for a transcription factor
produced abnormally in large amounts
d. A growth factor that is continually
active is encoded in its truncated form
16. Which property of p53 enables it to prevent the
development of cancer?
a. It is a transcription factor that causes
protein production which stimulates
the cell cycle
b. It prevents replication of cells with
damaged DNA
c. It prevents cells from triggering
apoptosis
d. It stimulates synthesis of DNA repair
enzymes that replace telomere
sequence lost during cell division
17. The characteristic of malignant other than a
benign tumor is
a. Undergoes metastasis
b. Develops blood supply
c. Cell divides an unlimited number of
times
d. Grows without needing a growth signal
18. The mutation which cannot give rise to an
oncogene
a. Addition or deletion of a base
producing a nonsense message and an
inactive protein product
b. A point mutation changing just one
amino acid in protein product
c. A translocation, putting gene under
control of strong promoter producing
over expression
d. A point mutation producing stop codon,
premature termination
19. Which of the following about Rb tumor
suppressor protein is correct?
a. It binds E2F transcription factor and
prevents cell from entering S phase
until a mitogenic signal is received
b. It is activated when phosphorylated by
Cdk
c. It is a transcription factor
d. When a mitogenic signal is received, it
binds the transcription factor E2F and
thus stimulates the cell to enter S phase
20. Migration of cancerous cells from the site of
origin to other part of the body forming
secondary tumors is called
a. Diapedesis
b. Metastasis
c. Proliferation
d. Apoptosis
21. If enthalpy change for a reaction is zero, then ∆G°
equals to
a. -T∆S°
b. T∆S°
c. -∆H°
d. lnkeq
22. ∆G° is defined as the
a. Residual energy present in the
reactants at equilibrium
b. Residual energy present in the products
at equilibrium
c. Difference in the residual energy of
reactants and products at equilibrium
d. Energy required in converting one mole
of reactants to one mole of products
23. For a reaction if ∆G° is positive, then
a. The products will be favored
b. The reactants will be favored
c. The concentration of the reactants and
products will be equal
d. All of the reactant will be converted to
products
24. Unfolding of regular secondary protein structure c. The system is at equilibrium if ∆G = 0
causes d. The reaction tends to move in the
a. Large decrease in the entropy of the backward direction if ∆G is large and
protein positive
b. Little increase in the entropy of protein
c. No change in the entropy of the protein 31. Anabolism and catabolism are chemically linked in
d. Large increase in the entropy of the the form of
protein a. ADP
b. ATP
25. The study of energy relationships and conversions c. Phosphodiester linkage
in biological systems is called as d. ASP
a. Biophysics
b. Biotechnology 32. Which of the following statements is false about
c. Bioenergetics ATP hydrolysis?
d. Microbiology a. It is highly exergonic
b. Activation energy is relatively high
26. The relationship between K‘eq and ∆G‘° is c. ∆G‘°=-30.5kJ/mol
a. ∆G‘° = RTlnK‘eq d. ∆G‘°=30.5kJ/mol
b. ∆G‘° = -RTK‘eq
c. ∆G‘° = RK‘eq 33. An endergonic reaction
d. ∆G‘° = -RK‘eq a. Proceeds spontaneously
b. Does not require activation energy
27. What does first law of thermodynamics state? c. Releases energy
a. Energy can neither be destroyed nor d. Requires energy
created
b. Energy cannot be 100 percent 34. An exergonic reaction
efficiently transformed from one type a. Proceeds spontaneously
to another b. Does not require activation energy
c. All living organisms are composed of c. Releases energy
cells d. Requires energy
d. Input of heat energy increases the rate
of movement of atoms and molecules 35. Phosphoryl groups are derivatives of
a. Phosphorous acid
28. If ∆G‘° of the reaction A → B is -40kJ/mol under b. Phosphoric acid
c. Acetic acid
standard conditions then the reaction
d. Citric acid
a. Will never reach equilibrium
b. Will not occur spontaneously
36. Water does a nucleophilic attack on phosphate
c. Will proceed at a rapid rate
monoester producing
d. Will proceed from left to right
a. Phosphorous chloride
spontaneously
b. Phosphorous sulfide
29. What is the relationship between ∆G and ∆G‘°? c. Inorganic phosphate
d. Organic phosphate
a. ∆G = ∆G‘° + RTln([products]/[reactants])
b. ∆G = ∆G‘° – RTln([products]/[reactants])
c. ∆G = ∆G‘° + RTln([reactants]/[products]) 37. The phosphate groups used during glycolysis are
a. Organic
d. ∆G = ∆G‘° – RTln([reactants]/[products])
b. Inorganic
c. Neutral
30. Which of the following statements is false?
d. None
a. The reaction tends to go in the forward
direction if ∆G is large and positive
b. The reaction tends to move in the
backward direction if ∆G is large and
negative
38. Which of the following is false about acetyl-coA? 43. Which of the following statements about redox
a. It is a thioester potential is false?
b. It has a large, negative standard free a. NADH/NAD+ redox pair has the least
energy of hydrolysis redox potential
c. It contains phosphorous atom in the b. Oxygen/H2O redox pair has the highest
position occupied by an oxygen atom in redox potential
oxygen esters c. The components of electron transport
d. It contains sulfur atom in the position chain are organized in terms of their
occupied by an oxygen tom in oxygen redox potential
esters d. The redox potential of a system is
usually compared with the potential of
39. An example for chemical to osmotic energy the hydrogen electrode
conversion that occurs in living organisms
a. ATP-driven muscle contraction 44. Which out of the following is not a flavoprotein?
b. ATP-dependent photon emission in a. Succinate dehydrogenase
fireflies b. Cytochrome c
c. light-induced electron flow in c. Xanthine oxidase
chloroplasts d. NADH dehydrogenase-Qreductase
d. ATP-driven active transport across a
membrane 45. Which out of the following has the highest redox
potential?
40. An example for chemical to electromagnetic a. NAD
energy conversion that occurs in living organisms b. FMN
a. ATP-driven muscle contraction c. FAD
b. ATP-dependent photon emission in d. O2
fireflies
c. light-induced electron flow in 46. Which one out of the following is not a NAD+
chloroplasts requiring enzyme?
d. ATP-driven active transport across a a. Lactate dehydrogenase
membrane b. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
c. Maltate dehydrogenase
41. An example for chemical to mechanical energy d. Acyl co-A dehydrogenase
conversion that occurs in living organisms
a. ATP-driven muscle contraction 47. Which of the following enzyme catalyses the
b. ATP-dependent photon emission in direct transfer and incorporation of O2 into a
fireflies substrate molecule is
c. light-induced electron flow in a. Reductase
chloroplasts b. Oxidase
d. ATP-driven active transport across a c. Oxygenase
membrane d. Peroxidase

42. An example for electromagnetic to electrical 48. Which of the following statements is incorrect
energy conversion that occurs in living organisms about oxidase?
a. ATP-driven muscle contraction a. They catalyze reactions involving
b. ATP-dependent photon emission in hydrogen peroxide
fireflies b. They catalyze reaction using O2 as a
c. light-induced electron flow in hydrogen acceptor
chloroplasts c. They catalyze reactions using niacin as
d. ATP-driven active transport across a coenzyme
membrane d. They catalyze reactions of direct
incorporation of O2 into the substrate
49. Loss of electrons can be termed as 57. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is rapidly and
a. Metabolism reversibly converted to
b. Anabolism a. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
c. Oxidation b. 1, 3-bis-phosphoglycerate
d. Reduction c. Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate
d. Fructose 6-phosphate
50. Gain of electrons can be termed as
a. Metabolism 58. The first step in the payoff phase of glycolysis is
b. Anabolism a. Reduction of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate
c. Oxidation to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
d. Reduction b. Oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-
phosphate to 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate
51. Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the first c. Reversible conversion of
step in the catabolism of ethanol? dihydroxyacetone phosphate to
a. Alcohol dehydrogenase glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
b. Lactate dehydrogenase d. Irreversible conversion of
c. Glutamate dehydrogenase dihydroxyacetone phosphate to
d. Malate dehydrogenase glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

52. Which out of the following enzymes can utilize 59. The substrate used in the last step of glycolysis is
both NAD+ and NADP+ as a coenzyme? a. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
a. Glutamate dehydrogenase b. Pyruvate
b. Alcohol dehydrogenase c. Phosphoenolpyruvate
c. Aldehyde dehydrogenase d. 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate
d. Glycerol-3-P ddehydrogenase
60. High concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is
53. Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the first inhibitory to
step of glycolysis? a. Hexokinase
a. Hexokinase b. Pyruvate kinase
b. Pyruvate kinase c. Glucokinase
c. Glucokinase d. Phosphofructokinase-1
d. Phosphofructokinase-1
61. The product formed in the first substrate level
54. The general term used for the anaerobic phosphorylation in glycolysis is
degradation of glucose to obtain energy is a. Pyruvate
a. Anabolism b. 3-phosphoglycerate
b. Oxidation c. 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate
c. Fermentation d. 2-phosphoglycerate
d. Metabolism
62. Glycolysis converts
55. Whenever the cell’s ATP supply is depleted, which a. Glucose into pyruvate
of the following enzyme’s activity is increased? b. Glucose into phosphoenolpyruvate
a. Hexokinase c. Fructose into pyruvate
b. Pyruvate kinase d. Fructose into phosphoenolpyruvate
c. Glucokinase
d. Phosphofructokinase-1 63. The deficiency of which of the following enzyme
leads to galactosemia?
56. Cleavage of Fructose 1, 6-biophosphate yields a. Galactokinase
a. Two aldoses b. Pyruvate kinase
b. Two ketoses c. PFK-1
c. An aldose and a ketose d. PFK-2
d. Only a ketose
64. The conversion of which of the following involves 71. Maltose hydrolysis yields
two nucleotide derivatives? a. D-galactose and D-glucose
a. Galactose 1-phosphate to glucose 1- b. 2-Dglucose
phosphate c. n-Dglucose
b. Galactose 1-phosphate to fructose 1- d. 2-Dfructose
phosphate
c. Fructose 1-phosphate to glucose 1- 72. Dextrin hydrolysis yields
phosphate a. D-galactose and D-glucose
d. Lactose 1-phosphate to glucose 1- b. 2-Dglucose
phosphate c. n-Dglucose
d. 2-Dfructose
65. Which of the following enzyme is responsible for
the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 73. Which of the following is true about the enzyme
6-phosphate? producing NADH from a triose phosphate in the
a. Glycogen phosphorylase glycolytic pathway?
b. Isomerase a. It produces 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate
c. Phosphoglucomutase and NADH
d. Epimerase b. It catalyzes irreversible reaction
c. It uses NAD+ and dihydroxyacetone
66. The product formed in the isomerization of phosphate as substrates
mannose 6-phosphate d. It uses FADH2 and glyceraldehyde 3-
a. Fructose 6-phosphate phosphate as substrates
b. Glucose 6-phosphate
c. 2-phosphoglycerate 74. The major factor(s) determining whether glucose
d. 3-phosphoglycerate is oxidized by aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis
is/are
67. Which of the following enzyme is present in a. Ca2+
saliva? b. FADH2
a. Hexokinase c. NADH and the ATP/ADP ratio
b. Alpha amylase d. Presence of high AMP
c. Fructokinase
d. Triose kinase 75. When glucose is converted to lactate by
anaerobic glycolysis, equivalent number of ATPs
68. Which of the following conversions is not derived is?
catalyzed by hexokinase? a. 1
a. D-Glucose to glucose 6-phosphate b. 2
b. D-Fructose to fructose 6-phosphate c. 3
c. D-Mannose to mannose 6-phosphate d. 4
d. D-Fructose to fructose 1-phosphate
76. When one molecule of glucose is oxidized to two
69. Hydrolysis of lactose yields molecules of lactate during anaerobic glycolysis,
a. D-galactose and D-glucose which of the following statements is false?
b. D-glucose and D-glucose a. Glyceraldehyde 3-P dehydrogenase
c. D-galactose and D-fructose reaction produces 2 ATP molecules
d. D-fructose and D-glucose b. Lactate dehydrogenase reaction
produces no ATP
70. Hydrolysis of sucrose yields c. Pyruvate kinase reaction produces 2
a. D-galactose and D-glucose ATP molecules
b. D-glucose and D-glucose d. Phosphofructokinase-1 reaction uses 1
c. D-galactose and D-fructose ATP molecule
d. D-fructose and D-glucose
77. In the reduction of pyruvate to lactate, which of c. From the hydrolysis of tri-acyl-glycerol,
the following is regenerated? glycerol is converted to glucose in
a. H+ gluconeogenesis
b. NADH d. From muscle vigorous muscle activity,
c. NAD+ lactate can be used as a carbon source
d. Na+
85. The enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of
78. For its activity, pyruvate decarboxylase requires pyruvate to oxaloacetate
a. Mg2+ a. Pyruvate carboxylase
b. Ca2+ b. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
c. Na+ c. Pyruvate kinase
d. H+ d. Phosphofructokinase-1

79. TPP (thiamine pyrophosphate) is derived from 86. Oxaloacetate is reduced to malate by
a. Vitamin A a. Pyruvate carboxylase
b. Vitamin B1 b. Malate dehydrogenase
c. Vitamin C c. Pyruvate kinase
d. Vitamin B2 d. Phosphofructokinase-1

80. The end products in ethanol fermentation are 87. Gluconeogenesis involves conversion of
a. Ethanol and CO2 a. Glucose to pyruvate
b. Ethanol and O2 b. Pyruvate to glucose
c. Ethanol, H2 and CO2 c. Phosphoenolpyruvate to glucose
d. Ethanol, O2 and CO2 d. Pyruvate to fructose

81. Enzyme involved in the pathway of ethanol 88. Which of the following organisms cannot covert
fermentation? acetyl-coA derived from fatty acids into glucose?
a. Hexokinase a. Animals
b. Pyruvate decarboxylase b. Plants
c. Pyruvate dehydrogenase c. Bacteria
d. Pyruvate kinase d. Virus

82. Enzyme involved in the pathway of synthesis of 89. Formation of one molecule of glucose from
acetyl-coA pyruvate requires
a. Hexokinase a. 4 ATP, 2 GTP and 2 NADH
b. Pyruvate decarboxylase b. 3 ATP, 2 GTP and 2 NADH
c. Pyruvate dehydrogenase c. 4 ATP, 1 GTP and 2 NADH
d. Pyruvate kinase d. 2 ATP, 2 GTP and 2 NADH

83. Which of the following is not an important 90. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde in the liver
precursor of glucose in animals? cytoplasm by
a. Lactate a. Alcohol dehydrogenase
b. Pyruvate b. Alcohol carboxylase
c. Glycerol c. Pyruvate carboxylase
d. Glucose 6-phosphate d. Pyruvate kinase

84. Which of the following statements is false about 91. The main source of glucose carbons for
gluconeogenesis? gluconeogenesis is
a. From the hydrolysis of tri-acyl-glycerol, a. Guanine
fatty acids can be used as a carbon b. Alanine
source c. Cysteine
b. From red blood cells, lactate can be d. Threonine
used as a carbon source
92. Which of the following statements about
gluconeogenesis is correct?
a. Pyruvate is first converted to
phosphoenolpyruvate by
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
b. Fructose 1, 6-biphosphatase converts
fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate into fructose
1-phosphate
c. Glucose 6-phosphatase hydrolyzes
glucose 6-phosphate to release glucose
into the blood
d. Glucose 6-phosphatase hydrolyzes
glucose 6-phosphate and is found in
liver and muscle
93. In the pentose phosphate pathway, the major
products are
a. Ribulose and NADPH
b. Ribulose and NADH
c. Ribulose and NAD+
d. Ribulose and ATP
94. The first reaction of the pentose phosphate
pathway is
a. Oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate to 6-
phosphoglucono-δ-lactone
b. Oxidation of 6-phosphogluconate to
ketopentose ribulose 5-phosphate
c. Reduction of 6-phosphoglucono-δ-
lactone to glucose 6-phosphate
d. Reduction of ketopentose ribulose 5-
phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate
95. Which of the following statements is correct
about oxidative pentose phosphate pathway?
a. It generates NADH
b. It oxidizes NADPH to NADP+
c. The pathway supplies ribose 5-
phosphate and NADPH in the quantities
the cell requires
d. Glucose 6-phosphatase catalyzes the
rate limiting reaction of the pathway
96. Which one out of the following enzymes acts in
pentose phosphate pathway?
a. Aldolase
b. Glycogen phosphorylase
c. Pyruvate kinase
d. q6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
97. Oxidation of 3 molecules of glucose by pentose
phosphate pathway results in the production of
a. 3 molecules of pentose, 6 molecules of
NADPH and 3 molecules of CO2
b. 4 molecules of pentose, 6 molecules of
NADPH and 3 molecules of CO2
c. 4 molecules of pentose, 3 molecules of
NADPH and 3 molecules of CO2
d. 3 molecules of pentose, 4 molecules of
NADPH and 3 molecules of CO2
98. The main function of pentose phosphate pathway
is
a. Supply NADP+
b. Supply NADH
c. Supply energy
d. Supply pentoses and NADPH
99. One of the following statements is correct about
pentose phosphate pathway
a. It generates 6 moles of CO2 for each
mole of glucose consumed
b. It generates 38 mol of ATP per mole of
glucose consumed
c. It is a reductive pathway that consumes
NADH
d. Present in plants but not in animals
100. Which of the following statements is correct
about reductive pentose phosphate pathway?
a. It is not reversible
b. Transketolase transfers 3 carbon units
c. Transaldose transfers 2 carbon units
d. Pentoses can provide glycolytic
intermediates
101. The use of NADPH generated from pentose
phosphate pathway cannot be
a. Can be oxidized in the electron
transport chain to provide 38 ATPs
b. Used for the synthesis of fatty acids
c. Used for the macrophageal functions
d. Used for steroid synthesis
102. Conversion of xylulose 5-phosphate to ribulose 5-
phosphate is catalyzed by
a. Phosphopentose epimerase
b. Transaldolase
c. Transketolase
d. Phosphopentose isomerase
ANSWER KEY 53. A
1. C 54. C
2. D 55. D
3. D 56. C
4. D 57. A
5. B 58. B
6. A 59. C
7. D 60. A
8. A 61. B
9. D 62. A
10. B 63. A
11. A 64. A
12. C 65. C
13. B 66. A
14. A 67. B
15. B 68. D
16. B 69. A
17. A 70. D
18. A 71. B
19. A 72. C
20. B 73. A
21. A 74. C
22. D 75. B
23. B 76. A
24. D 77. C
25. C 78. A
26. B 79. B
27. A 80. A
28. D 81. B
29. A 82. C
30. D 83. D
31. B 84. A
32. D 85. A
33. D 86. B
34. C 87. B
35. B 88. A
36. C 89. A
37. B 90. A
38. C 91. B
39. D 92. C
40. B 93. A
41. A 94. A
42. C 95. C
43. A 96. D
44. B 97. A
45. D 98. D
46. D 99. A
47. C 100. D
48. B 101. A
49. C 102. A
50. D
51. A
52. A