Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
Ultrasonic Sensor
Application Manual
Murata
Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Cat.No.S15E-5
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
Introduction
An ultrasonic sensor transmit ultrasonic waves into the
air and detects reflected waves from an object. There
are many applications for ultrasonic sensors, such as in
intrusion alarm systems, automatic door openers and
backup sensors for automobiles.
Accompanied by the rapid development of information
processing technology, new fields of application, such as
factory automation equipment and car electronics, are
increasing and should continue to do so.
Using its unique piezoelectric ceramics manufacturing
technology developed over many years, Murata has
developed various types of ultrasonic sensors which are
compact and yet have very high performance.
The information contained in this catalog will help you
to make effective use of our ultrasonic sensors.
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
4 ApplicationsY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY08
1. Examples of Applications ........................................................... 08
4 Applications
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
1
1. Wavelength and Radiation
2. Reflection
In order to detect the presence of an object, ultrasonic Cloth, cotton, wool, etc. are difficult to detect because
waves are reflected on objects. they absorb ultrasonic waves. It may often be difficult,
Because metal, wood, concrete, glass, rubber and paper, also, to detect objects having large surface undulation,
etc. reflect approximately 100% of ultrasonic waves, because of irregular reflection.
these objects can be easily detected.
3. Effects of Temperature
Velocity of sound wave propagation “c” is expressed by ential temperature, it is necessary to verify the temper-
the following formula. ature at all times to measure the distance to the object
c=331.5+0.607t (m/s) where t=temperature (°C) accurately.
That is as sound velocity varies according to circumfer-
4. Attenuation
-40 20 (kHz)
40 (kHz)
80 (kHz)
-50
200 (kHz)
-60
0.1 0.5 1.0 5.0 10.0
Distance (m)
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
When voltage is applied to piezoelectric ceramics, tric ceramics or a sheet of piezoelectric ceramics and
mechanical distortion is generated according to the volt- a metal sheet, an electric signal is radiated by flexure
age and frequency. vibration. As a reverse effect, when an ultrasonic vibra-
On the other hand, when vibration is applied to piezo- tion is added to the vibrator, an electric signal is pro-
electric ceramics, an electric charge is produced. duced.
By applying this principle, when an electric signal is Because of these effects, piezoelectric ceramics are uti-
added to a vibrator, constructed of 2 sheets of piezoelec- lized as ultrasonic sensors.
vibrator.
Fig. 3 shows a finite element method simulation of the Lead Terminal
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
2 Lead Wire
Base
Shielding
Material
Cable
ics.
Matching the acoustic impedances with air is performed
by bonding a special material to the piezoelectric ceram-
ics as an acoustic matching layer.
This construction enables the ultrasonic sensor to work Fig. 5 Construction of High Frequency Ultrasonic Sensors
in frequencies of up to several hundred kHz.
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
3 Electrical Characteristics
2. Sencitivity Characteristics
S U.S.
Sensitivity=20log (dB) 30cm
So RL
where “S” is Sensor voltage (V) and “So” is reference F.C. Anechoic Room
3. Radiation
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
3 Electrical Characteristics
4. Ratings
The ratings and dimensions of representative types of shown in Figs. 8 and 9 and their radiation characteris-
these ultrasonic sensors appear in Table 1. Also frequen- tics Figs. 10 and 11.
cy characteristics of sensitivity and sound pressure are
Part Number
MA40S4R/S
Item
Construction Open structure type
Receiver and Transmitter
Using Method
(Dual use) type
Nominal Frequency (kHz) 40
3 Overall Sensitivity (dB) –
Sensitivity (dB) –63±3
Sound Pressure (dB) 120±3
Directivity (deg) 80
Capacitance (pF) 2550±20%
Operating
–40 - +85
Temperature Range (°C)
Detectable Range (m) 0.2 - 4
Dimension (mm) ø9.9×7.1h
Weight (g) 0.7
20 Vp-p
Max. Input Voltage
Square wave 40kHz
Part Number
MA40E7R/S MA40E8-2 MA40MF14-5B
Item
Construction Water proof type
Using Method Receiver and Transmitter type Combined use type
Nominal Frequency (kHz) 40
Overall Sensitivity (dB) –
Sensitivity (dB) –74 min. −85 min. −87 min.
Sound Pressure (dB) 106 min. 103 min.
Directivity (deg) 100 75 100×50
Capacitance (pF) 2200±20% 2800 4400
Operating
−30 - +85 −40 - +85
Temperature Range (°C)
Detectable Range (m) 0.2 - 3 0.2 - 1.5
Dimension (mm) ø18×12h ø14×8h ø14×9h
Weight (g) 4.5 2.4
100 Vp-p 160 Vp-p
Square waves 40kHz Square waves 40kHz
Max. Input Voltage
Pulse width 0.4 ms Pulse width 0.8ms
Interval 100 ms Interval 60 ms
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
Electrical Characteristics 3
Part Number
MA80A1 MA200A1 MA400A1
Item
Construction High frequency type
Using Method Combined use type
Center Frequency (kHz) 75±5 200±10 400±20
-47 min. -54 min. -74 min.
Overall Sensitivity (dB) 0dB=18Vpp 0dB=18Vpp 0dB=18Vpp
(at 50 cm) (at 20 cm) (at 10 cm)
Directivity (deg) 7
Operating
-10 - +60 -30 - +60
Temperature Range (°C)
Detectable Range (m) 0.5 - 5 0.2 - 1 0.06 - 0.3
Dimension (mm) ø47×24.5h ø19×10.6h ø11×10.5h
Weight (g) 93 6 2 3
120 Vp-p 120 Vp-p 120 Vp-p
Square waves 75kHz Square waves 200kHz Square waves 400kHz
Max. Input Voltage
Pulse width 600µs Pulse width 250µs Pulse width 125µs
Interval 50 ms Interval 20 ms Interval 10 ms
• The sensor can be used in the operating temperature range. Please refer to the individual specification for the temperature drift of Sensitivity/
Sound pressure level or environmental characteristics in that temperature range.
• Directivity, and Detectable Range is typical value. It can be changed by application circuit and fixing method of the sensor.
-40 140
RL=3.9kΩ Distance 30cm
-50
0dB=10V/Pa Input Voltage 10Vrms (Sine Wave)
130
0dB=20µPa
Sound Pressure Level (dB)
MA40S4R
-60 120
Sensitivity (dB)
MA40E7R
-70 MA40S4S
110
MA40E7S
-80 100
-90 90
-100 80
30 35 40 45 50 30 35 40 45 50
Frequency (kHz) Frequency (kHz)
Attenuation (dB)
-10 -10
MA40S4R MA40S4S
-20 -20
60 60 60 60
-30 -30
90 90 90 90
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
4 Applications
1. Examples of Applications
Ultrasonic sensors are utilized for many purposes such Example 3 is an application utilizing the phenomenon
as measurement applications etc. by which the Doppler effect produces a modulated signal
For examples of these applications, please refer to the as an object moves closer or farther away. This is often
examples in Table 2 and the explanations as follows. used for intruder alarm systems.
Level detection of continuous wave signals (Example 1) Example 4 is an application utilizing the change of
is used for counting machines and approximate switches sound velocity according to the density and the flow
due to the simple circuit construction of these devices. speed of a gas.
Example 2 is used in devices such as automatic doors Example 5 is a method used to count the number of
where the environment is very changeable. The system Karman vortex generated against flow speed and utilize
is arranged so that the instrument may actuate only phenomena that ultrasonic signals level are reduced as
when a certain number of reflected pulses is detected. Karman vortex passes into the sensor.
And example 2 is also used for measuring distance to an
object, such as the back up sensors of cars.
4
No. Function Method
Performance Principle ( -- :: receiver
S
R
transmitter
) Applications
Input Signal
S
Detection of Signal Counting instruments
1 level of continuous Object Access switches
wave Parking meters
R
Output Signal
Input Signal
S Automatic doors
Level gauges
Measurement of pulse Object
2 Automatic change-overs of traffic
reflection time
R signals
T Back sonars of automobiles
Output Signal
Input Signal
S
Utilization of Doppler Object
3 Intruder alarm systems
effect
R
Movement
Output Signal
Input Signal
Obstacle
Input Signal
S
Measurement of
5 Flowmeters
Karman vortex
R
Output Signal
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
Applications 4
Examples of transmitting and receiving circuits using for continuously transmitting ultrasonic waves.
MA40S4R/S are shown in Figs.12 to 14. By changing a Fig.13 is a pre-amp circuit that amplifies the ultrasonic
part of the constants, they can be applied for other pur- receiving signal.
poses. Fig.14 is an ultrasonic pulse transmitting circuit.
Fig.12 is a simple circuit using a C-MOS IC and is used
Vcc=12V Rf
Id=15mA 1k 100k
7 6
0.01
9 10
2
5 4 3 2 11 12 – 8
4
1000p
15 1
14 0.01 4556 Out put
+
100k
3 4
30k
560p
4049B Ultrasonic Sensor (Transmitter) 3.9k Gain=32dB
(Vc:1p) (GND:8P) 100k
Freq.=40kHz
+
GND (Receiver) 100k
10
Fig. 12 Example of Continuous Wave Transmitting Circuit Fig. 13 Example of Receiving Circuit
Vcc=12V
Id=15mA
150k 3.3M
6 7 Timming Pulse
8
2 Out
5 4
4
0.01
555
3 14 15 12 11 8
2 0.1
3
13 9
10
5 1
0.01 9 10
Ultrasonic Sensor
(Transmitter)
4011B 11 12
1 5 (Vc:14p)
3 (GND:7P)
4
2 6
4049B
(Vc:1p)
560p
100k
(GND:8P)
20Vp-p
30k
GND
Freq.=40kHz
40kHz
1ms
25ms
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
4 Applications
Object
This method is used to measure reflection time up to the Control Ultrasonic Sensor
Circuit (Receiver)
object between transmitting pulse and receiving pulse of Receiving
the ultrasonic wave. Circuit
150k
4011B
(Vc:14p) 7 6 Vcc=12V
4 5 (GND:7p) 8 2
4
8 11 12 555 0.01μ
MA40S4S 0.1μ 15 14
13
2 3 1 5
9 5 3 1
1S1588
4 0.01μ
2
10k
10 9
6 cm
100k
30k
560p
6 7 8 TLR312×3
0.01μ
TP1 Freq.=40kHz 4069UB
4049B
0.01μ 1k×7
(Vc:1p) Timing Pulse
(GND:8p)
1S1588
5 11 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 16
1S1588
10k
Rf
1k 100k 6 TC5022 2
10 8 4 5 6 3
1M
0.01μ 2903 1 3 12
2 11
2 TP3
– 8
TP2 1000p 13
10k
1 2 8
0.01μ 4556 – 5
3 1 4011B
+ 4 7
4 3 16 11 12 13 14 15
6 6
1000p
4
1N60
+
100k
3.9k
TP5 TC5051P
10
100k 4069UB 5 8 4 3 2
TP4 1 2 3 4
MA40S4R + 0.01μ
10μ 100k
0.015μ
2SC945
220p
100k
15k
15k
15k
47k
10k
Transmitting Pulse
Freq.=172kHz 2SC945
20Vp-p
GND
2SC945
40kHz
1ms
25ms
10
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
Applications 4
TP3 TP1
5V/div 10V/div
10V/div
TP4 TP5
5V/div
1ms/div 1ms/div
(b) Receive Circuit Output Voltage (c) Comparable Circuit Output Wave Form
(b) and Comparable Voltage Wave form
4. Installation
Holder
P.W. Board
Elastic material
Transmitter Receiver (Ex. rubber, sponge)
(b) Good Example
11
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
4 Applications
5. Sharpening of Radiation
When there are objects within the sensors field that
ℓ=40
reflect ultrasonic waves but when only a specific object ℓ=30
0
should be detected, more acute radiation of ultrasonic ℓ=20
30 30
waves is advantageous. Radiation is determined by the -10
Sensor only
Attenuation (dB)
dimensions of the ultrasonic radiation surface and the
frequency, but it is possible to make radiation more 60
-20
60
acute and measuring distance longer by mounting a -30
horn on the outside of the ultrasonic sensor.
Regarding this horn, in general, the wider the diameter
of its opening and the longer its total length, the more 90 90
D
d
20 17 35
shown in Figs. 19 and 20.
4 30 21 28
θ
A similar result can be obtained regarding sound pres- ℓ
40 24 18
d=ø10
sure radiation. θ =10 θ 1/2 : Half attenuation angle
θ =30
θ =20
0 θ =10
30 30
-10
Sensor only
Attenuation (dB)
-20
60 60
-30
90 90
θ D θ 1/2
(deg) (mm) (deg)
50
D
d
10 21 28
20 32 16
θ
ℓ
30 45 12
d=ø10
ℓ=30mm
12
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
5 Environmental Tests
!Environmental tests
No. Kind of Test Conditions Judgement
1 Humidity Resistance 60°C, 90 - 95%RH, 100 hours
2 High Temperature Storage 85°C, 100 hours
3 Low Temperature Storage -40°C, 100 hours
With -40°C (30 minutes) and +85°C (30 minutes) as one cycle, 100 cycles.
4 Thermal Shock Variation of sensitivity
(Resistance of 3.9kΩ connected between terminals of sensor.)
and S.P.L. is within 3dB.
Maximum Amplitude : 1.5mm Vibrating frequency : 10 - 55Hz
5 Vibration
Vibrating cycle : 1minute 3 hours in each of 3 directions
Variation of S.P.L. is
7 Operating Frequency 40kHz, Sine 24Vp-p, 1000 hours
within 6dB.
13
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 08.10.31
!Caution in use
1. (Notice in design)
1) The transducer may generate surge voltage by
mechanical or thermal shock.
2) Please do not apply D.C.voltage for ultrasonic
transducer to avoid migration.
3) Please do not use this ultrasonic sensor in water.
3. (Notice in mounting)
1) Please do not apply excessive force for terminals,
when soldering.
2) Use soldering iron to mount. Don't exceed 350 degC,
3second. Soldering point should be more than 2mm
below from the bottom of ultrasonic transducer
body.
3) Please do not clean by water and dissolvent.
14
!Note • This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering. S15E.pdf
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering. 09.8.28