Syahla Shabrina A.

EK 3 A/23

MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEM OF FLOOD

Definition of Early Warning System

Early warning systems are an important component of disaster risk management strategies. In
contrast to flood forecasting systems, which assess flood risk, the main purpose of early
warning systems is to issue warnings when a flood is imminent or already occurring. Early
warning systems for floods comprise four inter-related elements: 1) assessments and
knowledge of flood risks in the area, 2) local hazard monitoring (forecasts) and warning service,
3) flood risk dissemination and communication service, and 4) community response capabilities.
This multifunctional system improves community preparedness for extreme weather events
such as floods, in terms of both warning and increasing understanding of risks and appropriate
flood responses. This minimizes safety and infrastructure threats. As part of the warning, the
system provides a prediction of the scale, timing, location and likely damages of the impending
flood. The system uses data from sensors to measure water levels at strategic points in local
water basins (rivers, lakes) or flood defences (dikes, dams, embankments) to forecast a
potential flood event. The current increase in the number and degree of extreme weather
events such as floods make this technology important for climate change adaptation.
The Working Principle of System

 The tools used in the monitoring and early warning of floods consist of 3 main parts, namely
inputs, processors, and outputs. The input section is used by the device to measure the
height of the water, the level limit of the water level, and the real time giver to allow time at
each measurement of the water level. The input section consists of ultrasonic sensor,
keypad, and RTC (Real Time Clock). The output section consists of 20x4 LCD, indicator light
(pilot lamp), warning light, siren, pump, micro SD module, and wifi module. The processing
part is Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller.

 The distance sensor used on the device is to measure the water level. Distance sensor used
is ultrasonic type HC-SR04. Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 has a measuring range from 1 cm to
400 cm, so the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 is very suitable for measurement of water levels
that require much distance traveled compared to other types of proximity sensors. If the
measurement of the distance from the ultrasonic sensor is less than the level 1 limit, then
the device will show flood status under hazard conditions. If the distance measurement
results from the ultrasonic sensor is more than the level 1 and less than the 2nd level limit,
the device will show flood status in idle condition 1. If the distance measurement from the
ultrasonic sensor is more than the level 2 and less than the level 3, the device will show
flood status in idle condition 2. If the distance measurement result from the ultrasonic
sensor is more than the level 3 limit, then the device will show the flood status in safe
condition.

 Keypad (keypad) is used on the device that is to set the water level altitude as needed.
Keyboard used is 4x4 keyboards which consist of 4 columns and 4 rows. To set the water
level limit, users can press the A button on the keyboard, it will enter the settings menu.
However, in the settings menu the user must enter the password (password) first as a safety
to prevent setting the water level limit of irresponsible users. In the settings menu there is
also a menu to replace the old password is by pressing B on the password. If the password is
 correct, a level level setting menu will appear consisting of 3 level limits: level 1, level 2 and
level 3 limits. To remove the old level limit press C key, then to save the new level limit press
the D button, and this applies to all level limits. Then to exit from the settings menu press
the # and then *, then the display on the LCD will return to the water level measurement.

 RTC (Real Time Clock) is used on the device that is to give real time on each measurement of
the water level. RTC used on the device that is RTC with type DS3231. In addition to being
used as a timer when measuring the water level, RTC is also used for timers when storing
data from water level measurements on micro SD cards. So as to facilitate the user in
knowing the data of the measurement of the height of the water that the results so, at that
time, if the data will be processed further.

 The 20x4 LCD is used for viewer measurement and flood status at the monitoring site. In
addition to monitoring the height of the water over long distances using the internet, this
device is also equipped with a viewer of measurement results at the monitoring site that
serves to provide information on the water level and status of flood conditions to the
surrounding community without going through the internet network.

 The pilot lamp is used as an indicator light from the status of the flood condition. The pilot
lamp used consisted of 4 pieces with different colors ie blue, green, yellow, and red. This
pilot lamp will turn on alternately depending on flood status conditions. If the flood status is
secure, the blue pilot light will be on. If the flood status is in standby state 1, the green pilot
light will light up. If the flood status is in idle condition 2, the yellow pilot light will light up.
Then if the flood status is in danger condition, then the red pilot lamp will light up.

 To turn on warning light and siren by the device is done by installing relay driver (relay
driver) with NC relay contact (Normally Close). Warning lights are used as warning lights or
notification lights at the turn of the status of flood conditions during standby 1, standby 2,
and danger. While sirens are used as alarms at the turn of the status of flood conditions
when idle 1, standby 2, and danger. At the time of flood status alert 1, warning light and
siren will light once for 1 minute. At the time of flood condition standby 2, warning light and
siren will light 3 times with 1 minute duration. Meanwhile, when the status of flood hazard
conditions, warning light and siren will burn continuously until the status of flood conditions
back into standby 2.

 Pumps are used on the device to suck water when the water level level reaches a hazard
state. The pump will light up on the Arduino mega 2560 microcontroller pin in high logic
condition by using relay drive relief with NC relay contact (Normally Close). The pump will
ignite and suck water during flood status status in hazard state. Then the pump will die when
the water level back on the status of flood condition 2.

 The micro SD module used in the device is to store the data of the measurement of the
water level on the micro SD card. The data stored on the micro SD card is in the form of data
in the form of excel file (.csv) with the format of writing number, day, date, pound, and the
measurement of the water level. To retrieve the measurement data on the device can be
 done by removing the micro SD card on SD miko module, then open it by using Microsoft
excel for further processing.

 The wifi module is used to connect devices made with the internet network which can then
send the measured data to the Thingspeak web server which we can see in graphical form.
Wifi module used is wifi module ESP8266 with type ESP-01. To connect Arduino Mega 2560
with the internet required a router as a medium of internet access. When the device is
connected then monitoring the height of the water with a distance can we do. In addition to
sending data measurements of water level, ESP-01 module is also used as a tool to update
the status to a social network twitter containing the status of flood conditions. The device
will update the ststus to twitter any changes in the status of flood conditions.
 MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEM OF FLOOD

Early warning systems are an important component of disaster risk management strategies. In contrast to flood forecasting systems, which
assess flood risk, the main purpose of early warning systems is to issue warnings when a flood is imminent or already occurring. As part of
the warning, the system provides a prediction of the scale, timing, location and likely damages of the impending flood. The system uses
data from sensors to measure water levels at strategic points in local water basins (rivers, lakes) or flood defences (dikes, dams,
embankments) to forecast a potential flood event. The current increase in the number and degree of extreme weather events such as
floods make this technology important for climate change adaptation.

The tools used in the monitoring and early warning of floods consist of 3 main parts, namely inputs, processors, and outputs. The input
section is used by the device to measure the height of the water, the level limit of the water level, and the real time giver to allow time at
each measurement of the water level.