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UNFINISHED
EARTH
Tempest—Concerto for Flute and Orchestra
Unfinished Earth—for Orchestra
Gareth Davies, Flute
Brno Philharmonic Orchestra
Mikel Toms, Conductor
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These two works represent different views of how the external metaphors of wind and earth may be shaped to
reflect the more intimate internal worlds of the human heart and mind.
Tempest, my flute concerto, was shaped by the thought of wind—such an essential element to the flute and flute
playing—and how, in the natural world, this courses across the planet in different ways from benign to hostile.
The three movements reflect different wind patterns found around the globe and served as a departure point
for a three-movement work cast in a quasi-classical frame of fast-slow-fast structure. Each movement engages
a message, I hope, beyond mere tone painting, to reflect deeper aspects of the human condition, the human
experience, thought, reflection, psychology and emotion.
Unfinished Earth is a longer and deeper work, again cast in three movements, and delving into the constant
degradation and reformation of earth and sea. Just as the earth slowly changes and evolves, we ourselves are
constantly evolving through the deepening of our life experience, the processing of life’s joys and tragedies,
and the inner passage of our turmoils and triumphs. Tempering, the first movement, is about the formation
of earth and the molten rock that rises from the subterranean earthen smelter to become land. For me, this
is a movement about becoming, and through such becoming, firming our sense of self, just as earth does as
it becomes land. Eternal Ocean, the second movement, evokes the shifting currents of deep ocean, again as a
metaphor for the unfocussed and at times even conflicting currents of the inner emotional worlds of the human
experience. The final movement, Tearing Drift, is again a work with multivalent meanings: referring to the ripping
apart or fractures in the earth’s surface, as might happen in an earthquake, perhaps, and also referring to the
alternative meaning of the first word of the title not as being torn but as crying. This notion of an earth cry or
deep subterranean swell of grief was a central image and intent of this movement. The strident wind and brass
microtonal peals and screams against the strong percussive thrust of this movement were intended to reflect
such an earth cry—or even the Munchian silent scream of isolated man.
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A Concerto
and a
Symphony?
The composer shuns the current trend of using Etesian, the final movement, is a wind found near this movement then makes its first appearance, an
other members of the flute family and gives the the Aegean Sea and, true to the phenomenon itself, off-stage trumpet. The parade and the trumpeter
soloist the single, standard instrument throughout. is steady. The music is not untroubled, as snarling thereafter jostle for supremacy. The composer
Its three movements are named after winds, and interjections from the brass make manifest, but intensifies the tensions between an individual
the music is straightforward in its earthiness. the onward march, at a frenzied pace, with tom- powerless against the forces of nature through his
The opening movement, entitled Ostro after toms and xylophone for reinforcements, is both occasional use of quarter-tone variations in the
a southerly breeze from the Mediterranean Sea, ineluctable and jocose. winds, brass, and strings. The relentless quadruplets
alternates propulsive tendencies with frequent finally exhaust themselves.
recourse to chamber-music transparencies: the Unfinished Earth A harsh, nebulous world opens Eternal Ocean,
orchestra that the concerto requires has fewer The symphony-in-all-but-name Unfinished Earth with solos for bassoon, horn, and tuba atop a pallid
winds and brass than the norm, but a full section takes deeper breaths, gives its material longer soundscape of strings, at once ever-changing and
of strings. Ostro allots a prominent supporting stretches to unfold, and occupies a huge timbral yet seemingly ineffable. For a while, oboes and
role to bassoons and trombones, darker hues to and dynamic range, often veering toward the English horn try a muted off-kilter dance atop
bolster the terpsichorean tilt of the flute. The harp tenebrous, questing side of the spectrum. the string body. The strings, left alone, then get
figures, too, though shades of Mozart are nowhere On a programmatic level, the work concerns absorbed into the orchestral equivalent of plate
to be found in the texture itself; indeed, French itself with the motions and processes of the Earth tectonics, leading to what could be heard as a brief
influences would seem to be a more immediate and its bodies of water; in linking these motions reminiscence of the opening movement, now
point of reference. with an array of human experiences, the composer slowed down. Serenity ultimately prevails.
The middle movement Mistral ... Funérailles, also builds musical analogues in the way that The intentions of Tearing Drift, with the insistent
named after a chilly, northerly breeze found en materials take shape, move around, and transform clanging of metallic percussion from the outset,
route from France to the Alps, aligns notions of themselves: The Earth is inchoate, so is man; his become immediately clear. The off-stage trumpeter
cold with the reality of impermanence. A dirge of music is too. from the first movement returns here and there
sorts, which low winds, low brass, and a pedal point Though the work employs microtones and to add its clarion call to a movement of churning
in the basses usher in, it nonetheless effervesces a a prepared piano, it is in no way meant to be restlessness. In the midst of such tumult, quieter
few times on its way. Exposed passages for oboe experimental. Rather, the composer here seeks to moments take on special meaning: the lilting
and English horn, and later clarinet, viola, and cello, expand the palette on offer. Almglocken, for instance, shine with their muted
with quiet harp chords, add a particularly plangent Tempering opens in a state of suspended ostinato. The forward pull of music, and of life, and
tone to the solemnity. Here the solo part tends motion, forlorn and hesitant, but soon becomes of the planet that we inhabit, cannot ultimately be
to allow itself to be subsumed into the overall “Blazing,” to quote from the score, a passing parade denied.
sonority. that gradually thins out. An important presence in — Daniel Albertson
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Douglas Knehans
With a gift for extravagant color, beautiful melodic
style, clear musical form, and engaging, soulfully
dramatic work, the music of award-winning com-
poser Douglas Knehans has gained the attention
and warm appreciation of audiences and performers
around the world. Knehans’ two-piano work cascade
has been performed in Steinway Hall, New York; UIC
Recital Hall, Chicago; Tokyo, Japan; and Kiev, Ukraine
and recorded for worldwide CD release on Ablaze
Records by the virtuoso piano duo The Pridonoff
Duo in a recording hailed by Fanfare magazine as “
… effective … incisive … hauntingly beautiful … ”
A disc of his orchestral work titled Concertos was
released on Ablaze Records in th e fall of 2015 and
was called “ … music of tremendous imagination.
Knehans scores with a masterly hand, his sound
paintbrush unerringly hitting the mark.” by Fanfare
magazine. In naming this disc as winner of the GOLD
MEDAL—Best in Show, the Global Music Awards said:
“This complex album contains SOAR, that capitalizes
on the cello’s expressiveness and ability to constantly
evolve new and unique colorations; DRIFT, written for
solo oboe and strings, is an experiment with slowly
morphing musical shape and form; MIST, MEMORY,
SHADOW, for solo violin and strings, is an elegiac
work commemorating Tasmania’s fragile, timeless
environment and its people; and CASCADE, concerto
for orchestra, began as a work for two pianos but later
evolved into a wonderful and dazzling vehicle for
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large orchestra. This sophisticated, wildly inventive The American Prize for Orchestral Music (2012), and
album is a masterpiece.” the Winner of the International Music Prize for Excel-
In that same year a disc of his choral music, Lux Dei, lence in Composition (2011), the Gold Medal-Best in
was released and was praised also in Fanfare as “…a Show from the Global Music Awards (2016) for his
radiant disc of music by a composer who is blessed disc Concertos, among numerous others.
with a tremendous imagination and who clearly has Douglas Knehans’s works have been broadcast
great affinity with writing for choir. There is a huge on ABC Classic FM and ABC Television (Australia);
amount of beauty to be found here. Put simply, Kne- National Public Radio and the Public Broadcasting
hans locates and amplifies the spiritual within the Service (USA); RAI Radio and Television (Italy); and
religious.,” while Gapplegate Classical-Modern Music HTKY, the National Television Broadcaster in Ukraine.
Review said it “... shows us a mastery of his craft and His music for television has been nominated for an
an inspired result,” and Classical Music Sentinel said EMMY Award, and he composed evocative music for
“...his choral music comes across as well rooted and the short film A Song of Air, which was invited to the
accessible, and always seems to hit an emotional prestigious Un Certain Regard section of the Cannes
nerve...” Film Festival (France). His music has been commis-
Since 1980, Knehans has been the recipient of sioned and performed by some of Australia’s leading
numerous commissions, awards, and fellowships in ensembles and soloists, including the Canberra
Australia and the United States. Most notably, the Symphony Orchestra and the Melbourne Symphony
inaugural $20,000.00 Victorian Council for the Arts Orchestra, the ELISION Ensemble, the Australian Boys
Composition Fellowship (1987–88), which enabled Choir, the Adelaide Percussions, guitarist Timothy
him to write his first chamber opera, the ascension of Kain, soprano Merlyn Quaife, Opera Australia, and
robert flau; a bicentennial orchestral commission for the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra. He has been
the Canberra Symphony Orchestra (1988) from the featured in two books on Australian music (A Hand-
Australian Bicentennial Authority; over a dozen com- book of Australian Music and A Companion to Music
missions (1986–1988) for various media supported in Australia) as well as the International Who’s Who in
by the Australia Council Performing Arts Board; fel- Music and Musician’s Directory.
lowships from the MacDowell Colony (1989) and the In 2000, he was invited to participate in the
Leighton Artist Colony (1989), and a composer-in-res- Czech-American Summer Music Institute in Prague.
idence grant from Meet the Composer, Inc. (1990), During this three-week residency in Prague he also
visited Terezin and Auschwitz-Birkenau. These visits Also in 2007, Knehans was commissioned by the music composition with Pulitzer Prize winning com-
gave rise to the composition of his shoah requiem Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra for a new work for poser Jacob Druckman, Lukas Foss, and Jonathan
for soloists, choir, and orchestra, the Introit of which solo violin and strings resulting in his …Mist, Memory, Berger. He graduated Yale University in 1993, earning
was performed as part of the 2001 Incontri di Musica Shadow…. His work Glow, a double concerto (for the Woods Chandler Memorial Prize (1993) for best
Sacra Contemporenea events in Bari, Taranto and violin and clarinet) had its world premier at the Aus- composition in a larger form, receiving his Doctoral
Rome, Italy, and broadcast nationally on RAI Televi- tralian International Symphony Orchestra Institute degree from Yale University in January 1996.
sion and Radio. In 2002, his work Seraphic Ride was in Hobart, Australia. In 2009 his large orchestra work In 1993, Knehans was appointed to the University
given its world premiere at the Kennedy Center Ripple was set to dance by award-winning Chinese of Alabama School of Music, where he was chair of
in Washington, D.C., by soloists from the National choreographer Jiang Qi and given in Cincinnati and Composition, Theory and Electronic Music and Direc-
Symphony Orchestra and streamed worldwide from with the Ballet West (Salt Lake City); and his work tor of the SCREAM (Southern Center for Research
the Kennedy Center. In 2003 his work Rive played in Seraphic Ride was given as part of the SPECTRUM New into ElectroAcoustic Music) Studio. Between 2000
Brisbane, Melbourne, Adelaide, and Hobart, Australia Music Series at the Esplanade in Singapore, about and 2006 he was the Tasmanian State Chair, Federal
as well as in London for the American Music Center, the composition of which the Washington Post said Board member, Chair, and Executive Director (Syl-
and in Athens and Thessoloniki by the acclaimed “The piece tells an exciting story, ever-intensifying in labus Development) Music Craft of the Australian
Verdehr Trio. In 2005, Knehans was invited to return color, thematic ideas, texture and tempo.” Music Examinations Board. In 2005 he created the
to the 2005 Incontri di Musica Sacra Contemporanea, Douglas Knehans (b. 1957, St. Louis, Missouri), Australian International Symphony Orchestra Insti-
where his work for mezzosoprano and orchestra In received his initial music education at the Canberra tute and from 2005 to 2008 he was the Artistic and
Questi Giorni was given in L’Aquila and Rome. Prior School of Music (Australian National University) in Executive Director of that Institute. He was Professor
to this trip, his work Lamentation, for string orchestra Australia’s national capital, where he graduated in of Music and Director of the University of Tasmania
was premiered as part of the Ten Days on the Island 1980 with a high distinction in music composition, Conservatorium of Music between 2000 and 2008,
International Arts Festival. the only such awarded that year. In 1990 he received and Dean of the College-Conservatory of Music
In 2006, he was invited to the New Music—New scholarships and awards from Queens College, City (CCM) at the University of Cincinnati from 2008 to
Faces Festival in Cracow, Poland, where he lectured University of New York, where he gained his M.A. 2010. He is currently the Norman Dinerstein Professor
on new music and composition and his work Rive was in composition with Distinguished Professor and of Composition Scholar at CCM.
given its Polish premier by the Verdher Trio. Resulting renowned composer Thea Musgrave. Upon gradu- Douglas Knehans’s music is available on New World
from this performance he was invited to the Music ation from this institution he received the first Luigi Records, ERM Media, Crystal Records, Move Records,
Premieres of the Season Festival in Kiev, Ukraine, in Dallapiccola Composition Award (1991) for outstand- and Ablaze Records. His music is published under
2007 and to lecture in electroacoustic composition ing achievement in music composition. After grad- the Armadillo Edition imprint and is available online
at the Academy of Music in Cracow, Poland, and the uating from Queens College, Knehans entered the through Alexander Street Press.
Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance in Israel. Doctoral program at Yale University where he studied www.douglasknehans.com
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Tempest—Concerto for Flute and Orchestra works real birth is thanks to the dedicated virtuosity music of expressive inflection; and finally the overall
The title of this work refers to rough wind. When and brilliant musicianship of flutist Gareth Davies, the timbralexpression of this music that is thick and
I was approached about a new flute work, with principal flute of the London Symphony Orchestra, powerful.
utterly no technical restrictions, the idea of a wind who agreed to record the work with Mikel Toms The second movement, Eternal Ocean, is referential
player, and especially a virtuosic wind player, set my and myself in Brno. In one, almost literally breathless to the many currents of human emotions, as reflected,
imagination to types of crazy, unrestrained wind. day, Gareth laid down this extremely demanding perhaps, in the many different speeds and tidal currents
This led me to look into the natural occurrences work in intense embouchure-busting sessions in of the colorful, tumultuous, and vast open ocean.
of wild, unpredictable wind patterns around the which he never broke a sweat. He is a tremendous The final movement, Tearing Drift, refers externally
world. This then produced the titles and character musician, brilliant professional, and deeply powerful to continental drift and how parts of continents shift
of the three movements: Ostro—the traditional soloist, and this work owes everything to him and or break off—this shifting and breaking off is a type
name of the southerly wind in the Mediterranean his peerless musicianship. of sectionalized structural approach I have adopted
Sea; Mistral—a cold northerly from central France in this movement. But further, and again, this music
and the Alps to the Mediterranean–this movement Unfinished Earth is about the internal life of human experience
I have also allied to the notion of a type of funeral Unfinished Earth is a symphony in all but name. and how life experience acts on us like a type of
march, hence the title Mistral … Funerailles with The three movements all refer to large geological continental drift that repositions our attitudes over
the cold wind perhaps summoning the notion of motions of earth and sea, yet, like most of my time and in relation to our life experience.
death and impermanence. Finally, the last frantic recent work, also use such natural phenomena This work was written for my son Joshua, who
and virtuosic movement is titled Etesian which to analogously point to the the large internal is learning the French horn, and this is the reason
references a strong, dry north wind of the Aegean landscapes of the human heart and experience. why this instrument features rather prominently
Sea that is most of the time a good, steady sailing The first movement, Tempering, refers to the throughout this work—I wanted to show him the
wind. The well-contained and metrical virtuosity of formation of earth’s structure and surface but power and beauty of this fantastic instrument
this movement seems to align with this welcome likewise is also about the structural interplay within an orchestral context. The piece is dedicated
and sustaining wind that is good for travel. In between individual and group. This plays out in to Maestro Mark Gibson and the terrific CCM
artistically interpreting all of these types of global a number of ways: the offstage trumpet solos Philharmonia, who requested the work. This current
wind patterns I have tried to invest a dramatic and throughout the movement act as a kind of call of recording is thanks to the brilliance of maestro
virtuosic element to the corresponding wind music. the distant heart to which we all seek to listen and Mikel Toms, the tremendous virtuosity of the Brno
I was asked for a piece without restrictions and so a follow; the convention of pitched and even tonally Philharmonic, and the terrific recording team of
concerto seemed the obvious vehicle for this. The centric music that collides and twists to microtonal Jaraslav Zouhar (Brno) and Silas Brown (New York).
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conductors including, Gergiev, Sir Colin Davis, masterclasses in London, New York, Tokyo, and Gareth also works as a writer and presenter. He
Haitink, Previn, Jansons, Rostropovich, Boulez, and Beijing. Every four years, he is one of the directors of has written for the LSO and for BBC Music magazine
Rattle. A recording of a concerto by Karl Jenkins, the LSO Woodwind Academy, an orchestral training and as well as presenting a series of preconcert talks
written especially for him, is available on EMI. program for exceptional students. As part of the LSO and interviews with Sir Colin Davis, Nikolaj Zneider,
He can be heard on many LSO Live recordings, Discovery scheme, he also works in schools in the Gergiev, Pappano, and Michael Tilson Thomas, many
including Daphnis and Chloe and Prelude a l’apres East London Boroughs, working with young students of which are available online. He has written and
midi, conducted by Valery Gergiev, as well as many in anything from composition, improvisation to flute presented a documentary for Classic FM and his
film soundtracks, including Star Wars, Harry Potter, performance. One of his favorite Discovery projects first book, The Show Must Go On, published by Elliott
Rise of the Guardians, and the Twilight saga. ended with a performance with these young people and Thompson, is available in bookstores and on
As well as performing, Gareth is in demand as a in the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Amazon. It was chosen as a book of the year in the
teacher and regularly coaches woodwind students Olympics to a worldwide television audience of four Financial Times and Classical Music magazine.
at the London music colleges as well as giving billion people. www.garethdaviesonline.com
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the director of a successful film and music produc- From 1993 to 2001, Mikel was artistic director of the
tion company (First Creative) working mainly in the contemporary music chamber orchestra Reservoir.
United Kingdom and the Czech Republic. He recently He is now closely associated with the Brno Philhar-
appeared in the three-part BBC FOUR television series monic Orchestra, with whom he has made many
Romance and Revolution—Musical Masters of the 19th recordings of contemporary and classical repertoire,
Century. as well as a number of TV and film soundtracks.
He has conducted for BBC Radio 3’s Hear and Now He has recorded over eighty new works for orches-
program; has broadcast on Italian, German, Span- tra and has collaborated with major composers,
ish, and Irish radio; and has appeared at festivals in including Iannis Xenakis, James Dillon, Michael
London, Bath, Cheltenham, Huddersfield, Belfast, Finnissy, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Harrison
Darmstadt, Innsbruck, Sligo, Almaty, Valencia, Dort- Birtwistle.
mund, and Berlin. Mikel is also well-known as a writer and broad-
Mikel read music at Oxford University, where he caster about classical music. In addition to his well-
conducted a complete performance of Messiaen’s known conducting blog, his writing has appeared
Des Canyons Aux Étoiles at the age of twenty. He in The Times, the BBC Music Magazine, and other pub-
studied with Peter Eötvös as a member of the lications. His book Written on the Sky—Five Journeys
International Eötvös Institute Foundation and at with Great Composers is scheduled for publication
the Darmstadt Internationales Ferienkurse, where soon.
he won the Stipendium Prize for performance. In From 1997 to 2000, Mikel was director of the British
1996, he was selected to conduct the Ensemble Youth Opera, the United Kingdom’s opera training
Modern in a performance of Karlheinz Stockhau- company.
sen’s Mixtur, in collaboration with the composer. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society for the Arts.
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Acknowledgments
Thank you to Maestro Mark Gibson and the CCM Philharmonia, without the
invitation from whom to write it, Unfinished Earth work would not exist.
As usual, again, thanks to my friend and colleague Maestro Mikel Toms for such
a great and sympathetic reading and rendering of these works. Thanks, Mikel,
for your patience and calm and sheer artistry and skill! I thank you and the Retro
Consistorium thanks you!
Thanks do not seem adequate for the commitment, passion, technical brilliance,
utter professionalism, and complete kindness of flute soloist Gareth Davies,
whom the London Symphony Orchestra otherwise justifiably monopolize as their
Principal Flute. Gareth, you have been such a rock in bringing this tremendously
challenging concerto to life. THANK YOU!
And to my gifted and wonderful technical team: Jaroslav Zouhar for his brilliance
in recording and editing these works and my mixing and mastering engineer,
the ever patient and deeply and subtlety skilled Silas Brown. Thank you, guys!
ablaze
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ablaze
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“I also give my kudos to Ablaze Records for sound quality but, more importantly, the commitment to new music that their company
represents. Their website reveals that composers are openly solicited to submit scores and recordings for consideration on an ongoing
basis. Additionally, the company is presently accepting orchestral scores to put on a contemporary orchestral works CD! This is but one
of the creative ways that living composers can have their works heard without waiting to hear back from the conventional symphony
orchestra route. I look forward to more!”
— Daniel Coombs
© Audiophile Audition,
Published on February 18, 2011
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