Vocabulary

(Health)

cure: [noun] a medicine or a medical treatment that cures an illness ; [verb]

make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness.
heal: [verb] to become healthy again; to make something healthy again.
care for: [verb] to look after somebody who is sick.
come down with: [verb] to get an illness that is not very serious.
treat: [verb] to give medical care or attention to a person, an illness, an injury,
etc.
strain: [verb] to injure a part of your body by making it to hard.
develop (a desease, an allergy): [verb] to begin to have something such a
disease.
get over: [verb] return to your usual state of health after an illness.
cough: [noun] an act or sound of coughing ; [verb] to force out air suddenly and
noisily through your throat.
faint: [verb] to become unconscious when not enough blood is going to your
brain.
sneeze: [verb] to have an air suddenly and noisy out through your nose and
mouth in a way you cannot control.
pass out: [verb] to become unconscious.
shiver: [verb] to shake slightly because you are cold, frightened, excited, etc.
bump: [verb] hit somebody/something by accident.
lose consciousness: [verb] to become unconscious; faint.
scar: [noun] a mark that is left on the skin after a wound the was healed.
bruise: [noun] a blue, brown or purple mark that appears on the skin after
somebody has fallen, been hit, etc.
pale: [adjetive] having skin that is almost white because of illness, a strong
emotion, etc.
ache: [verb] to feel a continuous dull pain.
dizzy: [adjetive] feeling that everything is spinning around you and you are not
able to balance.
infection: [noun] an illness that is caused by a bacteria or a virus that affects
one part of the body.
 Reported speech; reporting verbs
to somebody to ing that + clause

Agree Invite Suggest Inform somebody

Threaten Encourage Deny State
Claim Warn Apologise for Realise
Offer Order Admit (to) Estimate
Demand Remind Insist on Be aware (of)
Promise Command Boast about Not have any idea
Refuse Ask Complain about Make sure
Forbid Acuse sb of Asume
Advise Doubt (if)
Beg Come to the
Allow conclusion
Persuade
Verb + sb + reported question

Ask
The verbs in underlined can be used with two patterns.
Discover The one in the column they are and that + clause.
Know
Realise
Wonder (if)

Changes in reported speech

Tenses Time and Place

Present simple > Past Simple Tomorrow > The following day
Present continuous > Past continuous The next day
Present perfect > Past perfect Tonight > That night
Present perfect continuous > Past perfect continuous Yesterday > The previous day
Past simple > Past perfect The day before
Past continuous > Past perfect continuous Next Year > The following year
Past perfect > Past perfect Today > That day
Past perfect continuous > Past perfect continuous Ago > Previously/Before
Will > Would Now > Then
Can > Could Here > There
Should > Should This >That
May > Might These > Those
Must > Had to
 Vocabulary
[Phrasal Verbs]

come true: Think of

come up with: Really happen
come across: See something by chance
come to the conclusion: Reach a decision
come to: Add up to
come up: Be mentioned

[Expressions]

There’s no way: Used to tell somebody that something is impossible.

All the way: As much as possibly or completely.
Make (sb) own way: To start to make progress in a career or activity.
One way or another: In any way that is possible.
In some way: In some unspecified way or manner; or by some unspecified
means.
The other way around: The opposite of what is expected or supposed.

 Relative Clauses
Defining relative clauses.

• They give necessary, essential information about a thing, animal, place, person etc.
• No commas are necessary.
• You can omit the relative pronouns except whose if there’s a subject after it.
• You don’t omit relative adverbs.
• You can use use that instead of which and who.

Non-defining relative clauses.

• They give extra information.

• The commas are necessary if the extra information is in the middle, use only one if
the extra information is at the end.
• You can’t omit the relative pronouns or adverbs.
• You can’t use the pronoun that. The combination : “ , ” + “ that ” is not possible.
• Which can relate to a single noun or to the whole main clause.

Prefixes

We use im- instead of in- before adjectives beginning with the letter b.
We use il- instead of in- before adjectives beginning with the letter l.
We use ir- instead of in- before adjectives beginning with the letter r.

 Modals of deduction
We can use modal verbs to show that we are making a deduction, not stating a fact.
We use the modal verbs must, may, might, could and can’t + have + past participle” to
make deductions about the past.

Wishes and regrets

When we make a wish, we imagine an unreal situation in the past, present or future.

subject + wish/wishes + subject + past simple.

Use it to make wishes about the present.

subject + wish/wishes + subject + past perfect.

+ could + infinitive.
Use it to make wishes about the past.

subject + wish/wishes + subject + would + verb in simple form.

Use it to make wishes about the future.
Use it to expresses that something is annoying.

subject + wish/wishes + subject + could + verb in simple form.

Use to make a wish about you.
Use when you want to change something annoying about you.

subject + hope/hopes + to + verb in simple form.

Use it to express positive desires about the same subject.

subject + hope/hopes + subject + verb in present.

+ verb in future simple.
Use it to express positive desires about other subject.

subject + should + have + verb in past participle.

Use it to express regret about our own past situations.