Problem 2.10 Determine VL in the circuit of Fig. P2.10.

5Ω 5Ω

+ +
12 V _ 6Ω 10 Ω 4Ω 6Ω V
_L

5Ω 5Ω

Figure P2.10 Circuit of Problem 2.10.

The parallel combination of the 4 Ω and 6 Ω resistors is

4×6
R= = 2.4 Ω.
4+6
By voltage division ! "
2.4
VL = 12 = 2.32 V.
5 + 2.4 + 5

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Problem 2.16 Determine currents I1 to I4 in the circuit of Fig. P2.16.

1Ω 4A 8Ω I3

I1 I2
+ +
12 V +
_ +
_ 5V
4Ω 6Ω
1V I4
+_
+

Figure P2.16: Circuit for Problem 2.16.

Solution: Application of KVL to the outer-parameter loop gives

−12 + 4 × 1 + 8I3 + 5 − 1 = 0,

which gives
I3 = 0.5 A.
KVL for the left-most loop is

−12 + 4 × 1 + 4I1 = 0,

which leads to
I1 = 2 A.
KCL at the top center node gives

4 − I1 − I2 − I3 = 0

or
I2 = 4 − I1 − I3 = 4 − 2 − 0.5 = 1.5 A.
KCL at the bottom left node gives

I4 + I1 − 4 = 0,

or
I4 = 4 − I1 = 4 − 2 = 2 A.

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Problem 2.27 In the circuit of Fig. P2.27, I1 = 42/81 A, I2 = 42/81 A, and
I3 = 24/81 A. Determine node voltages V2 , V3 , and V4 after assigning node V1 as
the ground node.

I3
9Ω
6Ω V2 6Ω
V3 V4
9Ω 6V 6Ω 6V 9Ω
I2 I1
_ + V1 _+

Figure P2.27 Circuit of Problem 2.27.

Solution: At node V3 , KCL gives

I2 + I4 − I3 = 0,

or
24 42 18
I4 = I3 − I2 = − = − A.
81 81 81
I3
9Ω

I4 6Ω V2 6Ω
V3 V4
9Ω 6V 6Ω 6V 9Ω
I2 I1
_ + V1 _+
V1 − 6
Fig. P2.27 (a)

V3 = V1 − 6 − 9I2
42 −4
= 0−6+9× = 1.33 = V.
81 3
V2 = V3 − 6I4
! "
4 18
= − −6 − = 0,
3 81
V4 = V1 + 6 − 9I1
! "
42 4
= 0+6−9 = V.
81 3

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Problem 2.14 Determine currents I1 to I3 in the circuit of Fig. P2.14.
1A

2Ω 3A
a
I2
I1
+ 12 Ω
18 V _ 8Ω 7Ω

4Ω I3
b

Figure P2.14: Circuit for Problem 2.14.

Solution: For the loop containing the 18-V source,

−18 + 3 × 2 + 8I1 = 0.

Hence, I1 = 1.5 A.
KCL at node a gives

3 − 1 − I1 − I2 = 0
I2 = 2 − I1 = 2 − 1.5 = 0.5 A.

KCL at node b gives

1 + I2 − I3 = 0
I3 = 1 + I2 = 1 + 0.5 = 1.5 A.

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Problem 2.20 Find Vab in the circuit in Fig. P2.20.
2Ω
2Ω a 2Ω I
+ + +
_ 6V Vab 12 V _
_

Figure P2.20: Circuit for Problem 2.20.

Solution: For the lower loop, KVL gives

−6 + 4I + 12 = 0,

or
I = −1.5 A.
Moving from a to b via the 12-V supply,

Vab = (−1.5) × 2 + 12 = 9 V.

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Problem 2.43 Apply voltage and current division to determine V0 in the circuit of
Fig. P2.43 given that Vout = 0.2 V.

Solution:
I5
+
V5 8 I Figure P2.43: Circuit
_ 3
+ for Problem 2.43.
I4
V3 4 I
_ 1
+ + I2 +
V0 _ V4 4 V1 2
_ + _
V2 2 +
_
1 Vout = 0.2 V
_

0.2
I1 = = 0.2 A
1
V2 I1
I2 = = (2 + 1) = 0.3 A
2 2
I3 = I1 + I2 = 0.5 A
V4 V3 +V2 4I3 + 2I2
I4 = = = A
4 4 4 = 0.65
I5 = I3 + I4 = 1.15 A
V0 = V4 +V5 = 4I4 + 8I5 = 11.8 V.

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Problem 2.30 What should R be in the circuit of Fig. P2.30 so that Req = 4 Ω?

1Ω
a
2Ω
Req 6Ω R
5Ω
b

Figure P2.30: Circuit for Problem 2.30.

Solution: The parallel combination of R and 2-Ω resistor is

2R
R1 = .
2+R
R1 is in series with 5-Ω resistor. Hence
2R
R2 = R1 + 5 = + 5.
2+R
R2 is in parallel with 6-Ω resistor:
! "
2R
6× +5
2+R
R3 = ,
2R
6+ +5
2+R
and ! "
2R
6× +5
2+R
Req = 1 + R3 = 1 + = 4.
2R
11 +
2+R
Solving for R leads to
R = 2 Ω.

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