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SUBSTATIONS
The complete guide
1
2
Overview
of Digital Substation
Solutions
3
4
Agile Digital Substations
Alstom’s
agile digital
substation offers
unprecedented
performance
using intelligent
primary systems
and tailored
automation
solutions
55
Index
66
Introduction Agile Digital Substations
7
The complete
digital substation
solution
B IEC 61850 Ethernet C DS Agile substation
network bay controller
Hardwire link
A
Process bus
IEC 61850 B
M Condition
monitoring
unit
A
D
M Condition
monitoring M Analog
unit merging
unit
M Numerical L
A merging
unit
M Switchgear
controlling
unit
Condition M
monitoring
unit
A Smart primary equipment
M Merging units
integration
8
Agile Digital Substations
Cyber security
F
F
H
I
E
I F
Central
K access
server
D
B
Station bus
IEC 61850
J
F
H System Configuration
Editor (SCE)
9
Alstom Grid agile digital substations –
key advantages
Based on the IEC 61850 unifying communication standard for complete information, future
modernisation and the integration of new systems.
Digital Control Systems may connect with the primary bays via a process bus built
on redundant Ethernet architectures. Merging and control units collect and translate
measurements, indications and commands (I/O) from the primary equipment into sampled
values and GOOSE messages and vice-versa
Digital instrument transformers and HMI (Human Machine Interface)-integrated condition
monitoring systems for the primary equipment can be added, providing superior substation
situational awareness locally and remotely.
■■ Operate assets more efficiently and safely close to the limits of the system
■■ The particular solution and architecture can be adjusted to meet your operational needs
hardware.
10
Agile Digital Substations
Improved safety
■■ Removal of wired cross-site CT (Current Transformer) circuits reduces the risk of fatal
injury due to inadvertent opening of the circuit by personnel
■■ Absence of oil in transformers reduces explosion risks
■■ Advanced self-monitoring of substation assets ensures that they are operating within safe
limits
11
Investment optimisation
The capital cost of investment projects is reduced on many fronts:
■■ savings on the time needed to engineer and install substations
■■ asset optimisation tools allow faster targeting of weak areas which need to be reinforced,
12
Agile Digital Substations
13
ensuring that it caters to all substation needs. IEC 61850 is rapidly being enriched as new
application areas are continually added, most notably IEC 61850-8-1 and IEC 61850-9-2.
This permits the full digitising of signals in a substation so that large amounts of data can
be managed and communicated for the real-time management of a modern power grid –
a smarter grid.
IEC 61850
IEC 61850 is the international standard for Ethernet-based communication in substations.
It is more than just a protocol, it is a comprehensive standard designed for utilities, to
deliver functionalities that are not supported in legacy communication protocols.
IEC 61850 defines a domain specific data model (data and services) supporting all
functions required in substations. These unique characteristics can significantly reduce
costs associated with designing, installing, commissioning and operating power systems.
IEC 61850 is designed for interoperability and longevity, removing the dependence on one
supplier and one generation of IEDs.
IEC 61850-8-1
IEC 61850-8-1 is the relevant standard for the station bus. It defines the means to
generate and present reports which may be subscribed to by other devices and HMIs
(Human Machine Interfaces) as well as the way to communicate peer-to-peer. The latter
is achieved by the exchange of GOOSE messages between devices on the LAN (Local Area
Network).
IEC 61850-9-2
IEC 61850-9-2 is the part of the standard that brings non- conventional instrument
transformer technology into play, breaking the constraints of conventional CTs and VTs. It
is particularly important for the process bus, as it describes how analogue signals such as
phase currents and voltages can be exchanged as sampled values.
14
Agile Digital Substations
15
The digital substation
architecture can be
divided into three levels Remote access
WAN
The station control area
Advanced
Communication within substation and control
system, coordination with the substation operational
Gateway
functions and the station-level support functions.
Switches
Switches
16
Agile Digital Substations
STATION Bus
Process Bus
Conditioning
monitoring units
Primary equipment
with embedded
digital sensors
17
A typical Alstom Grid digital substation solution incorporates many components, all
designed for optimal inter-operability, data retrieval, protection and control capability and
remote settings. Its architecture is organised on three levels:
18
Agile Digital Substations
19
Agile Digital Substations
20
Agile Digital Substations
and flexible
■■ Minimal inventory,
near-zero maintenance
■■ Harmonic monitoring
■■ Online condition
monitoring
21
22
Agile Digital Substations
Primary converters
Converters
Alstom Grid digital substations optimise the amount of electronics residing in potentially
harsh outdoor environments.
The primary converters convert analog signals from the primary equipment into digital
signals. Primary converters can be installed either directly in primary plant hardware or in
cubicles.
Digital controllers (switch control units) are the fast, real-time interface to switchgear,
mounted close to the plant that they command. They replace the hardwiring of inputs
and outputs with an Ethernet interface to the yard.
Merging units
Merging units perform all the digital data processing necessary to produce a precise,
time-aligned output data stream of sampled values according to the IEC 61850-9-2
standard. This processing includes tasks such as sampling, analog to digital conversion,
scaling, precise real-time referencing and message formatting.
The design may vary with the applied technology of the instrument transformers (eg:
optical, Rogowski, voltage dividers, or conventional wound instrument transformers),
the switchgear type, mounting space available and also with the preferred substation
communication architecture.
23
Device Description
DS Agile SCU Switchgear controller unit:
Processes the I/O signals from/to the primary switchgear as IEC
61850-8-1 GOOSE messages
MU Agile AMU Standalone compact merging unit:
Digitising of conventional 1A/5A and 100/120V analog secondary circuits
MU Agile Modular digital merging unit:
XMU800 Interfaces with multiple primary converters in the field
MU Agile Modular merging unit:
XMU820 Interfaces with digital and conventional instrument transformers
MU Agile NXMU Modular merging unit:
Interfaces with COSI optical CTs and conventional VTs
Customer benefits
■■ Interfaces with all
types of power system
current and voltage
sensors, whether
digital instrument
transformers (DIT) or
conventional CT/VT Primary converter MU Agile
■■ Ensures accuracy of
protection applications
up to highest fault
currents and X/R ratios
■■ Ensures measurement
accuracy
MiCOM IEDs
24
Agile Digital Substations
Customer benefits
■■ Proven algorithms of conventional applications remain unchanged, no need for reapproval
■■ Time-critical performance is maintained irrespective of the architecture, number of functions
enabled, or extent of logic programmed
■■ Safer test and maintenance operations for technicians – no wired CT secondary circuit exists
PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) and RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol)
25
Also available, the MiCOM P847 phasor measurement unit offers industry-leading accuracy
and dynamic response to frequency excursions.
The MiCOM P594 provides the precision clock source reference for merging units and phasor
measurement units in the substation.
MiCOM Alstom IEDs extend their supervision facilities to address and check the plausibility
of the incoming sampled values from the process bus. This addresses the fact that the
traditional task of current and voltage sampling is now external to the device, and is
connected via Ethernet. The supervision compensates for any latency or mismatch in the
network, provides ride-through intelligent compensation in the event of several missing
samples or jitter, and blocks/alarms if the quality of incoming data compromises the secure
and reliable operation of the IED.
Devices Applications
DS Agile bay Alstom’s IEC 61850-compliant bay
controllers controllers, like the C264, provide
(C-series) embedded or programmable fast
automation (automatic voltage
regulation, synchro-check, auto-
recloser, busbar transfer, etc.), backup
feeder protection, data concentrator,
events and waveform recorder, hot
standby redundancy etc.
DS Agile OI Real-time, user-friendly Operator
Interface (OI) for complete
substation automation
26
Agile Digital Substations
Redundant architectures
DS Agile architectures can be set up as a self-healing ring (HSR protocol) or dual-homing
star (PRP protocol); both of which are fully redundant, eliminating outages.
Fibre optical networks link all the system’s components together and with the operator interface
(HMI), via a full range of Ethernet switches that provide full reliability and interoperability.
Devices Applications
DS Agile switches GOOSE switches
(H-series) External (rack) or internal
Interoperable standard protocols (PRP/HSR)
Gigabit switches
IEEE 1588 transparent clock
to the network, bringing complete synergy between field personnel for remote
equipment operations and network management systems. diagnostics and
The networks can be local to the substation or they operation centres
27
can interconnect several Devices Applications
dispersed substations,
and all are linked to the DS Agile A300 Powerful and ruggedised gateway
grid control room through Gateway solution that offers multiple
gateway solutions. communication protocols (including full
Inter-substation or inter- IEC 61850 compliance) with hot-standby
redundancy and simple commissioning
voltage level automation
exchanges GOOSE DS Agile A400 Substation inter-voltage (SACU) and
messages for: SACU & WACU inter-substation (WACU) level exchange
■■ Logic selectivity
through IEC 61131 automation
■■ Auto-reclose and fault
IEC 61850-compliant
location hot-standby redundancy
■■ Automatic setting of the
relays
Cyber security
The digital substation brings increased cyber security capabilities, as intrusion protection
and protection against virus attacks are integrated in switches and IEDs. Cyber security
provides protection against unauthorised access to equipment and unauthorised transfer,
modification or destruction of data – whether deliberate or accidental.
Particularly when wide area networks extend beyond the traditional substation fence,
cyber-security measures are essential. Security procedures, controls, firewalls and role-
based access are all examples of such measures. A number of standards apply in this area,
typically: NERC CIP, IEEE 1686, IEC 62351, ISO/IEC 27002, ETSI and CEN CENELEC.
28
Agile Digital Substations
29
Services & technical training for
Agile Digital Substations
Alstom Grid service is committed to provide the support from retrofit solution engineering
to the full lifecycle of the substation by leveraging the expertise of a worldwide leader in
primary product manufacturing, condition data interpretation and product ageing models.
Technical training
Dedicated technical training develops the knowledge and skills required to operate and
maintain digital substations for peak performance. Gaining theoretical and hands-on
experience at one of our training centres, Alstom Grid Technical Institute, ensures teams’
efficiency in their daily work.
Our training offer on digital substation applications encompasses several topics such as
cyber security, graphical programmable scheme logic, Ethernet ready solutions and online
condition monitoring for circuit-breakers, CTs & VTs or DC supplies. Furthermore, this
training is complemented by training on power equipment operation and maintenance,
network management solutions and electrical safety.
30
Agile Digital Substations
31
Agile Digital Substations
Summary
Alstom’s agile digital substation offers unprecedented performance using intelligent
primary systems and tailored automation solutions.
Digital components can be effectively and easily integrated into existing substations,
networks and grids, allowing users to gradually move from conventional to digital
solutions. This ability to integrate Alstom digital substation components allows for
operator training, system testing and incremental investment while ensuring future
compatibility.
32
Agile Digital Substations | Q&A
Digital substation
solutions – Q&A
33
Let’s share some of the questions we have heard asked about digital
substations so far, and the answers we provided..
“These systems Digital solutions are able to capture and transfer a lot of information,
not only simple 0/1 values. Of course, more information means
transfer too much users have to interpret it and to define for each parameter the alarm
unnecessary/ thresholds. Alstom offers many functions to make the best out of
digital systems.
unimportant a. Expert support is available at all stages to design and parameter,
information” analyse etc.
b. Alstom solutions offer user-friendly interfaces with simple colour
“The information coded indicators: green = ok, orange = warning, red = not ok.
which is delivered c. Alstom solutions enable users to select the information displayed
is too complicated according to the user’s profile, as operation staff, maintenance
staff or asset managers do not need to monitor the same things.
to analyse” Alstom makes it possible to
give the right information to
the right person. For example,
the systems can generate data
sets for managers once a day,
while they can display the
information in real time for
operation people.
34
Agile Digital Substations | Q&A
“Only experts can d. Alstom solutions can concentrate and filter information before it
is sent to upper levels of the system hierarchy. This avoids placing
use the information unnecessary bandwidth constraints on the communications network.
received from these
systems”
35
“Implementing I mplementing a substation with digital control and monitoring will
actually be easier than implementing a substation with analogue
digital solutions systems. The main reason is that the whole cabling adventure is a
will be difficult” thing of the past! Cabling in a HV substation is reduced by approx.
80%.
For the design and implementation of the digital systems
“We do not have themselves, Alstom experts provide support and all the solutions
the skills in-house are scalable, meaning that they can be implemented one stage at a
time.
to implement such
For example, conventional current and voltage sensors can be linked
systems” via fibre optics to digital merging units and protection relays, so as
to reduce the cabling, while keeping the conventional substation
equipment.
Note that much of the digital system engineering is in software,
which means that the maximum can be engineered and proven
before the FAT (factory acceptance test). The site works are
drastically reduced, meaning that the more senior specialists need
not travel to each project site.
Alstom delivers training to all involved staff:
■■ Architecture and design of solution
■■ Maintenance
■■ Operation
■■ Asset management
The younger generation of network engineers are educated and very
familiar with these technologies. As the future is digital, the training
and knowledge gained is career enhancing, so utilities can remain
attractive to talented young engineers!
“The information lstom solutions range from the most basic information delivery to
A
expert systems. We are able to discriminate the right information
given by the for the right person according to his/her position and profile. Expert
system requires systems also include some analysis and clever data display, so as
to make the reading and interpretation easier. Training is available
highly skilled for all positions from operational staff to asset management
people to interpret executives.
it”
36
Agile Digital Substations | Q&A
“Is it right that the Digital devices run on Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV), meaning
that staff are at no risk while working with them.
safety of my staff
The elimination of oil in instrument transformers (removal of explosion
can be enhanced?” risk), and the removal of cross-site current transformer circuits (risk of
lethal injury if open-circuited whilst live) are the two principal examples
of staff safety being improved.
systems?”
37
Agile Digital Substations | Q&A
System concerns
Too much
Reliability
information Life time of
and New solution
Too components
accuracy
complicated
Implementation concerns
Need for
Difficulty to How to replace a
experience/skills for
implement component
results analysis
38
GIS Solutions
39
40
GIS Solutions
Digital solutions
for GIS
With more than 40 years of operational experience
in power substation provision, Alstom Grid is a
leader in the GIS market. Our leadership is largely
thanks to meeting the most demanding operational
criteria through the sustainable process of
improvement of our solutions.
We offer a complete GIS range from 72.5 to 800 kV
to interconnect and protect electrical networks. We
have manufactured and commissioned more than
20,000 GIS bays from 72.5 up to 800 kV and 150
km of GIL circuits worldwide over the last 45 years.
We focus on smarter solutions, integrating devices
for predictive maintenance including online
bay monitoring (BWatch3), Partial Discharge
measurement (PDWatch) and point-on-wave
controlled switching (RPH3)
We are shrinking the technology footprint to
maximise space efficiency and flexibility. For
example, our F35 170 kV has a footprint 30%
smaller than its predecessors.
41
Our mission statement
Alstom Grid’s GIS product line provides power networks
and industrial customers with state-of-the-art
Gas-insulated substations from 72.5 kV to 800 kV.
We offer:
■■ Most compact GIS range
■■ Optimised products at all voltage levels
monitoring systems
42
GIS Solutions
GIS Solutions
Fact sheets
Digital Instrument Transformers - DIT
COSI-sensors
■■ COSI-CEVT sensor
■■ COSI-RECT sensor
■■ COSI-Rogoflex sensor
Primary converters
■■ COSI-PC12
Merging units
■■ MU Agile XMU800
■■ MU Agile XMU820
Point-on-wave switching
■■ RPH3
43
Digital solutions for
gas-insulated substations
The new generation of GIS digital substation
solutions bring unprecedented levels of reliability,
security and performance through real-time
monitoring, automation and interoperability.
They integrate high performance primary
equipment including Alstom’s COSI (COmpact
Sensor Intelligence) and advanced substation
automation solutions. Information acquisition,
processing and output is treated in real-time
through a digital architecture with multiple layers
of automation units.
GIS Bay
44
GIS Solutions
45
Bay introduction Spring drive Circuit-
breaker
Busbar
disconnector /
Cable feeder earthing switch
Full digital
control
cubicle
Reduced
cabling
46
GIS Solutions | DIT
Digital instrument
transformers
Our range of digital instrument transformers
provide measurement using optical, Rogowski or
capacitive technology, which have been optimised
for operation with GIS equipment, integrating into
the relevant switchgear to provide accurate real-
time measurement of key operational parameters.
47
47
GIS Solutions | DIT
Current Voltage
sensor sensor
Protection
relays
IEEE 1588
Merging unit
(Conversion to IEC 61850-9-2)
IEEE 1588 synchronisation
48
GIS Solutions | COSI-RECT sensor
COSI-RECT
Rogowski electronic
current transformer
for GIS
High voltage designs now increasingly incorporate
Smart devices - making Smart substations part
of the real world. In the digital chain for current
measurement, the COSI-RECT uses the latest
sensor technologies for DIT applications.
Customer benefits
■■ One single sensor design suitable for protection, metering
and qualimetry
■■ Sensor enclosures are smaller than conventional ones -
4949
Integrated voltage sensor
Measure Convert
RECT: High-tech sensor Less maintenance
Sensors are the basic elements of current Thanks to the coating on the PCBs and the highly
measurement. In order to get the best results accurate processing, the sensors are designed to
for final measurement or protection applications, work whether conditions are optimal or not.
the sensor must be highly accurate and should
An external memory (EEPROM) is associated to the
be protected against the electromagnetic
sensor allowing all calibration values to be stored as
perturbations (EMC) found in GIS substations.
soon as the sensors are mounted.
Sensors are designed based on an Alstom patent,
Thus, when a sensor is connected to the PC12
using a double-sided PCB (printed circuit board)
primary converter, the electronics automatically
as sensor material. This provides an excellent
adjust the compensation gains related to
stability in the measurements, even when
calibration values found in the EEPROM.
temperature and currents have slight variations.
50
GIS Solutions | COSI-RECT sensor
important note:
This product may not be
sold on its own. It must
always be integrated in
a global DIT engineering
solution.
Merging unit
51
GIS Solutions | COSI-RECT sensor
52
GIS Solutions | COSI-CEVT sensor
COSI-CEVT
Capacitive Electronic
Voltage Transformers
for GIS
High voltage designs now increasingly incorporate
Smart devices - making Smart substations part
of the real world. In the digital chain for voltage
measurement, the COSI-CEVT uses the latest
sensor technologies in voltage measurement for
DIT applications.
Customer benefits
■■ One single sensor design suitable for protection,
metering and qualimetry
■■ Sensor enclosures are smaller than conventional ones -
53
Integrated voltage sensor
Primary converter
Measure Convert
CEVT: High-tech sensor Less maintenance
Sensors are the basic elements of voltage Thanks to the particular coating on the PCBs and
measurement. In order to achieve the best accuracy highly accurate processing, the sensors are designed
for final measurement or protection applications, to work whether conditions are optimal or not.
sensors must be as accurate as possible and
An external memory (EEPROM) is associated to the
protected against electromagnetic perturbations
sensor allowing all calibration values to be stored
(EMC) that exist in GIS substations.
while the sensors are mounted. Thus, when a sensor
Sensors are designed following an ALSTOM is connected to a PC12 primary converter, the
patent which uses a doublesided PCB (printed electronics automatically adjust the compensation
circuit board) as the sensor material. This provides gains related to calibration values found in the
excellent stability in the measurements, even EEPROM. The components are therefore easily and
if temperature, pressure and voltages have quickly replaced
variations.
High immunity against EMC
Compatible with all GIS types Based on an Alstom patent, the sensors are created
Several sensor designs have been introduced to on a double-sided PCB (printed circuit board),
cover all types of high voltage equipment. CEVT providing high immunity against EMC and fast
sensors are available for ALSTOM GIS substations. transient currents and voltages. The current analog
Their small size allows them to fit into smaller signal for measurement also provides perfect
enclosures, which means smaller substations. immunity against nearby magnetic fields.
54
GIS Solutions | COSI-CEVT sensor
important note:
This product may not be
sold on its own. It must
always be integrated in
a global DIT engineering
solution.
Merging unit
55
GIS Solutions | COSI-CEVT sensor
56
GIS Solutions | COSI-RogoFlex sensor
COSI-RogoFlex
RogoFlex® electronic
current transformer
for GIS
High voltage designs now increasingly incorporate
Smart devices - making Smart substations part
of the real world. In the digital chain for current
measurement, the COSI-RogoFlex® uses the latest
sensor technologies in current measurement for DIT
applications.
Customer benefits
■■ Very flexible design, allowing installation in a huge variety
of locations in the substation
■■ Sensor enclosures are smaller than conventional ones -
57
Integrated voltage sensor
Measure Convert
RogoFlex® : These sensors are available for the entire GIS range
from 72.5 kV to 1200 kV or higher. Thanks to their
Flexible current sensor flexibility, RogoFlex® sensors can be installed in
Sensors are the basic elements of current retrofit in existing substations without designing
measurement. In order to obtain the highest specific enclosures and with no need to remove
accuracy for protection applications, the sensor HV parts.
should measure the current with the best linearity The sensors can be opened if needed (e.g.
and repeatability. inspection). The open/close mechanism is rugged
It should also be protected against the and locks the external tube.
electromagnetic perturbations (EMC) found in
GIS substations. Less maintenance
Sensors are designed based on an Alstom patent, An external memory (EEPROM) is associated to the
using flexible polymer pipes as wiring supports with sensor, allowing all calibration values to be stored
a shielded double winding. when the sensors are mounted. Thus, when a
sensor is connected to the PC12 primary
Compatible with all GIS types converter, the electronics automatically adjust the
compensation gains related to calibration values
Thanks to their design, RogoFlex® sensors are
found in the EEPROM.
flexible and the length of the ‘ring’ can be calculated
for each application, depending on conductor
diameter.
58
GIS Solutions | COSI-RogoFlex sensor
important note:
This product may not be
sold on its own. It must
always be integrated in
a global DIT engineering
solution.
Merging unit
Fixing point for RogoFlex sensors Fixing point for RogoFlex sensors
59
GIS Solutions | COSI-RogoFlex sensor
60
GIS Solutions | COSI-PC12
COSI-PC12
Primary digital
converter for GIS
applications
High voltage designs now increasingly incorporate
Smart devices - making Smart substations part of
the real world. In the digital chain for current and
voltage measurement, the PC12 converter uses the
latest technologies to convert analog signals into
digital data to be transmitted to the merging unit
and ultimately to the protection relays and
control room.
Customer benefits
■■ High performance and rugged design
■■ Easy to maintain & test: off-the-shelf replacement
■■ 3-phase compact design for voltage levels up to 1,100 kV
61
Integrated voltage sensor
Measure Convert
PC12: A high-tech converter (EMC) can be a problem, as is the case with
GIS substations in most layouts.
The digitising of signal outputs from DITs is crucial
and requires state of the art electronics Easy to maintain
using high-speed and high-accuracy components.
Thanks to its modular concept, the replacement
The PC12 is a smart converter providing high of a PC12 module is as simple as an off-the-shelf
performance and reliability. It is based on a digital replacement.
conversion unit and a digital core (FPGA:
Calibration values for sensors are included in the
programmable gate array) for signal treatment,
sensors themselves and pre-stored in an EEPROM
management and communication.
memory unit before leaving the factory.
An analog condition circuit, digital filters and
If a PC12 needs to be replaced, as soon as the new
integrator provide low noise, high linearity and
sensor is plugged in, the calibration values are
high bandwith to the converter.
automatically swapped to PC12 internal memory.
Compliant with all GIS layouts and with a rugged
and compact design, the PC12 can be easily Several communications rates
integrated with all HV products in voltage ranges High-speed electronics allow the simultaneous
up to 1,100 kV. The 3-phase design means only transmission of protection, metering and
one converter is required for a 3-phase qualimetry sample value outputs according to the
measurement point. IEC 61850-9.2 / 61869-9 standards.
The design is particularly adapted to harsh The design meets Smart Grid requirements up to
environments where Electromagnetic Compatibility harmonic 100 on the qualimetry channel.
62
GIS Solutions | COSI-PC12
important note:
This product may not be
sold on its own. It must
always be integrated in
a global DIT engineering
solution.
Merging unit
COSI-PC12
COSI-PC12
1. Power connector
2. Led indicators (alarm & power Ok)
3. Optical fibre connector
4. Sensor connectors (from 1 to 3)
5. Auxiliary connector
6. Test connector (for commissioning)
63
GIS Solutions | COSI-PC12
Sample Values
■■ Protective index
Output rate: IP64 compliant
■■ Protection channel KSPS 4.8 /4 /5.76 ■■ Case material
■■ Metering channel KSPS 4.8 /4 /5.76 Stainless Steel
■■ Qualimetry channel KSPS 14.4 /12.8 /15.36 ■■ EMC Protection
IEC 61000-4
FFT Analysis Harmonic 100 100
1,3,4,5,6,8,12,13,16 Class 3
Harmonics (qualimetry rank
to 5, 18
channel only)
55022 Class A
Frequency domain Hz 0-10K 0-10K ■■ Standard
(sensor imput) (instrument transformers)
A/D converters Qty 2 2 IEC 61850-9-2LE
IEC 61869 -1, -6, -7, -8, -9
Internal references Qty 3 (1 at 0.02%)
Auxiliary Channels Type 4/20 mA, 4/20 mA,
RTD100 RTD100
MTBF (acc. To khrs 175 175
MIL-HDBK-217F)
Weight kg 1.2 1.2
*CEVT: Capacitive Electronic Voltage Transformer *RECT: Rogowski Electronic Current
Transformer.
64
GIS Solutions | MU-Agile XMU800
MU Agile
XMU800
Merging unit
High voltage designs now increasingly incorporate
smart devices – making smart substations part of the
real world. In the digital chain for current and voltage
measurement, the MU-Agile 800 merges data and
signals to make them IEC 61850 compliant.
Customer benefits
■■ High performance and rugged design
■■ Self monitored and easy to set up via webserver
■■ Many input/output ports provide compatibility with most
65
Integrated voltage sensor
Measure Convert
XMU800: Smart, powerful Compliant with GIS
device architectures
As soon as the analog signals have been digitised The MU-Agile XMU800 design is compact, with all
via the COSI-PC12, the data is sent digitally to the the communications ports at the back of the box.
MU-Agile XMU800. Several COSI-PC12s can send A mechanical form factor was chosen for simple
their measurements to one merging unit. integration into a 19-inch bay.
The large number of I/O ports allows the MU-Agile
The MU-Agile XMU800 merges all signals and
XMU800 to fulfill most GIS substation architectures
synchronises them using 1 PPS (Pulse Per Second)
(one busbar, two busbars, one and half circuit-
input or the PTP IEEE 1588 protocol. Then, the
breakers) thanks to the 13 Ethernet ports: 10 as LC
data is packed into one or several 61850.9-2
optical connectors, 3 as RJ45.
frames and sent to protection relays, data loggers,
smart terminals, etc. The device has a powerful
FPGA core (parallel microprocessor), creating a
Highly communicative device
real time matrix for interconnections between Thanks to its powerful core, the device is able to
HV sensors and secondary Intelligence Electronic communicate via 61850.9-2 (& 9-2 LE) and the
Devices (IEDs). future IEC 61869-9, sending Sample Values (SV) to
a 9-2 network simultaneously over several ports.
It is also possible to connect another digital network
(such as a 61850.8-1 network) to check the health
of the unit or, for example, the RMS value on each
PC12 channel.
66
GIS Solutions | MU-Agile XMU800
important note:
This product may not be
sold on its own. It must
always be integrated in
a global DIT engineering
solution.
Merging unit
67
GIS Solutions | MU-Agile XMU800
68
GIS Solutions | MU-Agile XMU820
MU-Agile
XMU820
Analog & Digital
Merging Unit
High voltage designs now increasingly incorporate
Smart devices and Smart substations are now part
of the real world. DIT sensors, for both current and
voltage, are one of the most important components
of this new generation of GIS. The XMU820 (Analog
& Digital Merging Unit) is the ‘switchboard’ of DIT
systems, facillitating communications using the
61869 and 61850 protocols.
Customer benefits
■■ High performance and rugged design
■■ Self monitored and easy to set up via webserver
■■ Both digital & analog CT & VT use is possible on the same unit
converters
69
Integrated voltage sensor
Measure Convert
XMU820: Smart, powerful Compliant with GIS
device architectures
As soon as the analogue signals have been The XMU820 design is compact, with all the
digitised via the PC12, the data is sent digitally to communications ports at the back of the XMU box.
the XMU820 merging unit. (Several PC12s can send
A mechanical form factor was chosen for simple
their measurements to one or more merging units).
integration into a 19-inch wide bay.
The XMU820 merges all those digital signals and The large number of I/O ports allows the XMU820
is also able to include analog signals coming from to fulfill most GIS substation architectures (one
conventional VT & CTs and synchronises them using busbar, two busbars, one and half circuit-breakers)
the 1 PPS (Pulse Per Second) input or IEEE1588 thanks to the 13 Ethernet ports and 14 analog input
protocol. Then, the data is packed into one or terminals which can be used as PC12 and/or CT,VT
several 61850.9-2 frames and sent to protection inputs. All communication ports are designed with
relays, data loggers, Smart terminals, etc. The standard LC- type optical connectors or RJ45 plugs.
device is powered by a powerful FPGA, creating a
real time matrix for interconnections between HV Highly communicative device
Sensors (conventional and/or DIT) to secondary Thanks to its powerful core, the device is able
IEDs. to communicate via 61850.9-2 (& 9-2 LE)
sending Sample Values (SV) to a 9-2 network
simultaneously over several ports.
70
GIS Solutions | MU-Agile XMU820
important note:
This product may not be
sold on its own. It must
always be integrated in
a global DIT engineering
solution.
Merging unit
User-friendly interface
A webserver integrated into the device allows users (depending
on access rights) to check the health of the unit, to change some
parameters and to display measured values on a webpage. This can be
done by connecting any computer equipped with an internet browser.
71
GIS Solutions | MU-Agile XMU820
72
GIS Solutions | BWatch3
BWatch3 system
Expert GIS and SF6
monitoring
The BWatch3 system is our expert solution for GIS
monitoring.Thanks to modern condition monitoring
systems, transmission substations can now be
monitored remotely and in real time, providing
better reliability and availability in the Smart Grid era.
Customer benefits
■■ Asset management: schedule maintenance
■■ Greater safety for personnel and switchgear
■■ Environmentally-friendly
73
Local control
cubicle
Sensors
74
GIS Solutions | BWatch3
References
Internet links More than 150 gas-insulated
Electrical wire substations around the world
are equipped with Bwatch3
Ethernet fibre optic
representing more than 1,200
bays and 20,000 gas sensors.
Ergonomic HMI
Options
- Advanced communications features Digital gas sensors
and remote access
GIS current and stored monitoring data are available to any
authorised external PC user using high-speed ethernet links via
internet, intranet or telephone links.
- CB monitoring
■■ Electrical wear calculation and recording
■■ Operations counter by current ranges
Mobile HMI
■■ Travel curves recording with comparison to reference curves.
Bwatch3 sensor
75
Ratings Units Values
1. Gas sensors
Pressure
Warranted measurement scale (Full Scale) abs Bars 0-11
1 minute overpressure withstand abs Bars 20
Measurement resolution FS% <= 0.01
Long term stability FS% 0.1
Accuracy FS% <=0.1
Repeativity at 25 °C FS% < 0.05
Endurance (0…100 % FS at 25°C) No. of cycles 1,000,000
Temperature
ToB Bridge temperature resolution °C 0.1
2. Travel sensors
Range ° 90
Independant linearity (at 20°C) <±0.25%
3. Acquisition and process unit
Gas compartments Up to 30 (3x10)
Gas sensors bus length m Up to 800
Digital ouputs Up to 128
Digital inputs Up to 64
Analog inputs Up to 16
Density sets Up to 8
Pressure acquisition cycle time ms 300
Temperature acquisition cycle time min 1
Density calculation cycle time s 2
Leakage advanced alarm forecast time days 90
Gas sensors communication speed bytes/s 115,000
LVCC touch panel communication speed bytes/s 19,200
Distributed Control System communication speed bytes/s 9,600
4. Central Monitoring Unit
Gateway Up to 4
Bays by gateway Up to 12
Event records Infinite
Density records Infinite
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GIS Solutions | BWatch3
System composition
1. Digital gas sensors with separated pressure and temperature measurements, daisy chained in field bus
on each bay. Sensors for HV current and and CB operation curve available as options.
2. Programmable logic controller implemented in the low voltage control cubicle of each bay, with I/O and
communications modules.
3. Central unit, which is dedicated to display measurements and alarms, to record events and trends and to
communicate the data to users. CB operation curve available as options.
4. A LVCC touch panel HMI, which is an independent unit, manages the display of current monitored values
and alarms that it is able to read directly from the APU’s* memory.
(*Aquisition and Process Unit)
Technical Features
EMC Protection IEC 61004-2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12 Class 3 to 5 55022 Class A
Standard Gateway APU Gas sensors Travel sensors
Climatic withstand
Low temperature IEC 60068-2-1 -40°C -40°C -40°C -20°C
Dry heat IEC 60068-2-2 55°C 55°C 110°C 80°C
Protection index IEC 60068-2-30 IP20 IP20 IP68 IP65
Mechanical withstand
Shocks IEC 60068-2-27 15 g 25 g 25 g 40 g
Vibration IEC 60068-2-6 1 g / 10 - 150 Hz 1 g / 10 - 150 Hz 1 g / 10 - 150 Hz 10 g / 10 - 150 Hz
77
GIS Solutions | BWatch3
78
GIS Solutions | PDWatch
Online PDWatch
Online partial
discharge monitoring
for GIS
The UHF PDWatch online monitoring system
records and displays the UHF signals generated
by partial discharges in a GIS. Thanks to modern
condition monitoring systems, transmission
substations can now be monitored remotely and in
real time, providing better reliability and availability
in the Smart Grid era.
Customer benefits
■■ Predict potential faults
■■ External noise discrimination
79
Sensors PD Panel
80
GIS Solutions | PDWatch
Internet links
Electrical wire
Ethernet fibre optic
Ergonomic HMI
Auto-test function
The status of the complete system is continuously checked, including
the couplers: the HMI displays an indication if a UHF module is out of
order, if a UHF coupler is disconnected or if a synchronisation signal is absent.
Acquisition Box
81
GIS Solutions | PDWatch
■■ Industrial PC:
■■ UHF spectrum bandwidth: 300 to 1200 MHz
■■ UHF spectrum resolution: 2.5 MHz ■■ Fanless, without moving
parts
Time analysis ■■ Touch screen 17”
■■ Time resolution: 20 μs at 50 Hz / 16.7 μs at 60Hz ■■ Processor: Core II duo,
■■ Band-pass filtering on central frequency during acquisitions 1.5 GHz
■■ Memory: 2 GB, DDR
Coupler test through UHF cable
■■ Hard disk capacity:
3 possibilities of synchronisation signal: main supply, voltage
80 GB Flash (SDD)
transformer, capacitive coupler
■■ Long duration storage
■■ MODEM
Network
■■ For digital lines
■■ Ethernet 100 Mbits/s between PC and measuring units
■■ For G3 links (on request)
■■ IEC 61850-8-A compliant
■■ Possible integration with SF6
Operational limits monitoring BWatch3
■■ Temperature: -250C to 550C
■■ Protection: IP54 or IP66
■■ EMC compliant (electronics completely protected)
82
GIS Solutions | RPH3
RPH3
Point on Wave
switching
Optimising the closing and opening of a circuit-
breaker is of the utmost importance because
random switching can result in high transient
overvoltages and/or high inrush currents. These
transients generate stresses on all substation and
network equipment, leading to accelerated aging
- or the worst case scenario - flashover of the HV
apparatus.
Customer benefits
■■ Eliminate switching transients
■■ Reduce stress, overvoltages and inrush currents on
electrical networks
■■ Increase lifetime of HV equipment
83
Sensors CB drive
(Spring or Hydraulic) Synchronous
switching relay
84
GIS Solutions | RPH3
Internet links
Electrical wire
Ethernet fibre optic
Ergonomic HMI
applications
■■ Retrieval of switching archives and data from RPH3 devices
85
GIS Solutions | RPH3
Shunt reactors ■■ Reduce overvoltages and prevent current ■■ 110/240 Vac +/- 20%/50-
chopping and re-ignition 60 Hz
■■ Switch out with medium arcing time
■■ Power consumption: < 20 W
■■ 10 A – 300 ms / 15 A –
Transmission lines ■■ Limit overvoltages while energising
(uncompensated or re-closing 200 ms
■■ Alarm relays operating range:
and shunt reactor ■■ Switch in at zero voltage across circuit-
0.1 ms
■■ Control voltage (auxiliary)
86
GIS Solutions | Service
GIS Service
solutions
87
Improve equipment availability
through SF6 monitoring
SF6 leakages are the first root causes of the minor failures in GIS, due to sealing technologies of the interfaces and
ageing of the material. Maintenance and monitoring functions are the key solutions for keeping the substations in
good operating conditions.
In addition, looking forward to protecting the environment from the global warming, many regulations are
increasing the level of requirements pertaining to SF6 leakages in high-voltage equipment.
88
GIS Solutions | Service
89
GIS Solutions
GIS conclusions
Alstom Grid’s digital substation solutions offer a range of market leading benefits for
GIS operations. These include:
■■ GIS product range from 72.5 to 800 kV
■■
Integration with our complete range of state-of-the-art digital hardware, software
and communications products
■■
Increased reliability and availability delivered through extensive
self-diagnostic abilities
■■
Improved safety, through innovations and self monitoring
■■
Investment optimisation delivered through reduce space requirements, service and
maintenance scheduling, and asset optimisation
■■ Global footprint, local service.
90
AIS Solutions
91
92
AIS Solutions
Digital solutions
for AIS
With more than 100 years of experiences in High
voltages switchgear, Alstom is the leader on the
Air Insulated substation market. Our leadership is
largely thanks to our complete product portfolio
from 72.5 kV up to 1200 kV.
A leader in the field of High Voltage equipment,
Alstom has delivered and commissioned more
than 10,000 of each key element of a substation
(Circuit-breaker, Disconnectors and Instrument
Transformers) worldwide.
Thanks to recent progress in electronics, in
information technology and in new communication
protocol standards, Alstom has developed and
put into service a new generation of Air Insulated
equipment such as Instrument Transformers, which
allow real time information input from modern
sensors and complete interoperability. Digital
substations are able to meet a whole new set of
expectations.
93
Our mission statement
Alstom Grid provides essential equipment from 72.5 kV
up to 1200 kV, to secure and optimise transmission of the
electricity from generation to consumption with a full range
of Circuit-breakers, Disconnect Switches and Instrument
Transformers.
We offer:
■■ Full product portfolio up to 1200 kV
■■ High performance range
94
AIS Solutions
AIS Solutions
Fact sheets
Digital Instrument Transformers - DIT
COSI-sensors
■■ COSI-CT
■■ COSI-CT F3
Primary converter
■■ COSI-PC13
Merging unit
■■ MU Agile XMU820
Point-on-wave switching
■■ RPH3
95
AIS digital substation overview
Alstom, the worldwide market leader in Air
Insulated Switchgear, offers all the advantages
of the new generation of AIS digital substation
solutions.
Alstom offers you a state-of-the-art Air Insulated
product portfolio, combined with advanced
substation automation solutions.
96
AIS Solutions
97
AIS Solutions
Digital instrument
transformers
The new generation of AIS digital substation solutions bring
unprecedented levels of reliability, security and performance through
real-time monitoring, automation and interoperability. Integrating
high performance primary equipment including Alstom’s COSI
(COmpact Sensor Intelligence) and advanced substation automation
solutions. Information acquisition, processing and output is treated
in real-time through a digital architecture with multiple layers of
automation units.
98
AIS Solutions | COSI-CT
COSI-CT
Optical Current
Transformer
Our comprehensive COSI range (COmpact Sensor
Intelligence) includes innovative digital instrument
transformers for AC and DC applications. The
COSI-CT optical current sensor brings a new level of
accuracy to sensing over the range between 1 A rms
and 63 kA rms.
Customer benefits
■■ Improved measurement performance
■■ Significant system cost reduction
■■ Environmentally friendly
■■ Light weight
99
Performance
features
■■ Accuracy exceeds ANSI/IEEE
Class 0.15S/IEC Class 0.2S for
metering and IEC Class 5P/
IEEE 10% for protection
■■ Wide dynamic range
harmonic
■■ No magnetic core saturation
output
■■ DC / AC without calibration
Intrinsically safe,
The reduced size and weight are attractive benefits compared to
environmental
conventional oil-filled equipment, allowing placement in compact friendly
substations or in retrofit applications where space may be limited. ■■ No oil, gas or SF6
A lightweight dry-type insulator and window head design allow ■■ No hazardous open secondaries
pedestal mounting or suspension from a rigid bus. ■■ No violent failure
Its broad dynamic range makes this CT particularly suited for both
high-precision metering and protection applications at the same time.
The accurate measurement of DC and AC to the 100th harmonic
and the measurment of phase angle is a must for new Smart Grid
applications.
The standard digital interface will ensure smooth integration of COSI-
CT in the digital substation application.
100
AIS Solutions | COSI-CT
dynamic current
■■ No distortion due to core
40 000
20 000
-20 000
-60 000
In Faraday Effect current sensors; the current flowing through a
conductor induces a magnetic field that affects the propagation of -80 000
light traveling through an optical fibre encircling the conductor. -100 000
field because the field produces a circular birefringence in the glass. Time (arb.)
CT Ref
Birefringence refers to an optical material with two indices of refraction.
101
Wide dynamic range Choice of connection option
Accuracy specification is New window head design allows a variety of
maintained over a broad dynamic connection options including standard NEMA pads,
range - from 0.2% to 150% of rated up to 300 mm rigid bus, or flexible cable pass
current (extended metering range through, allowing optimal selection for ease of
sensor) and up to 171 kA (protection installation and reliability.
range sensor). Broad dynamic range
allows elimination of separate
high and low range CTs.
Wide bandwidth
Accurate waveform reproduction up to 6 kHz
allows full power quality analysis of harmonics and Green design
transients with no sensor-imposed limitations.
The COSI-CT insulator contains no oil, SF6 or
Dry type insulator other gas. There is no internal mechanism for
seismic stable violent failure to endanger personnel or adjacent
equipment. There are no environmental concerns or
Field-proven lightweight composite gas to recycle. With an optical design there are also
insulator reduces transportation no open secondary concerns.
costs, substation support structure
requirements, and installation Low maintenance
equipment demands.
The COSI-CT has no active components at line
The lightweight design also allows location
potential, eliminating the need for costly outages to
in seismically active areas.
maintain the electronics. Since there is no insulating
oil or paper there are no complex maintenance
procedures. The polymeric insulating column
employs silicone rubber sheds that do not require
liveline washing.
102
AIS Solutions | COSI-CT
Specifications
COLUMN MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL Ratings
CT Type 72.5 123 145 245 362 420 550 800
Maximum system
Voltage (Um) kV 72.5 121 145 245 362 420 550 800
Impulse test voltage
(BIL)) kV 350 550 650 1050 1300 1550 1800 2100
Minimum creepage
distance in 57 115 115 193 285 562 562 562
mm 1400 2900 2900 4900 7240 14280 14280 14280
Height in 54.7 54.7 77.91 107.44 127.13 204.71 204.71 204.71
mm 1389.4 1389.4 1978.9 2729 3229.1 5199.6 5199.6 5199.6
Weight lbs 75 88 88 111 124 177 177 177
kg 34 40 40 50 56 80 80 80
Static Withstand lbs 675 675 675 900 Suspension application only
N 3000 3000 3000 4000
Suspension application only
Ratings and dimensions for IEC pollution Class 2. Other ratings are available.
Environmental
Operating Temperature Range - 40° C to 55° C (- 40° F to 131° F) Outdoor Service Conditions
Opto-Electronic Module - 5° C to 40° C (23° F to 104° F) Indoor Service Conditions
Seismic Capability 0.5 g
Mechanical
Standard Pollution Withstand IEC Level II, other ratings available
Insulation Solid composite insulator
Electronics Dimensions 19’’ x 18’’ x 8.75’’ (482 mm x 457 mm x 222 mm)
(includes high energy metering interface)
103
AIS Solutions | COSI-CT
Specifications continued...
Electronics
Packaged in 2 modules: 4 Vrms metering
Low Energy Analog Interfaces1
200 mVrms protection
< 0.2% error at rated current for 4V output,
< 0.5% error at rated current for 200 mV output
Dynamic Range
< 2% error at 108 kApeak (using protection
Sensor Electronics sensor)
Bandwidth 0.5 Hz to 6 kHz DC available
High Energy Analog Interfaces 1
1 Arms [2 ohm burden] or 5 Arms [B0.1 (2.5 VA)
burden] nominal at power 0.9 for metering
Dynamic Range < 0.2% error from 1 A to 4000 A (using extended
Current Amplifier/Power Supply metering range sensor)
Bandwidth 10 Hz to 6 kHz for 1 A metering output
Input Power Requirements 70 Vdc to 150 Vdc
Typical power 60 W
Electronic Turns Ratio Electronic Turns Ratio
Alarms Contacts Data invalid / Maintenance required
ElectrICAL PERFORMANCE
Metering Accuracy IEC Class 0.2S, IEEE Class 0.3, 0.15S
Type I3:
Protection Accuracy IEC Class 5P, IEEE 10%
Type II3: Extended Range Std Metering Accuracy 0.2% (0.2% to 150% of rated current)2
Extended Range High Metering Accuracy 0.15% (0.2% to 150% of rated current)2
Continuous Current 4800 A Max (4800 A, RF = 1; or 3000 A, RF = 1.33;
Type II3: or 2500 RF = 1.5)
Rated Current User specified for up to 4000 A
Short-time Thermal Current 63 kArms for 1 s
1 Scales linearly with primary voltage and current. / 2 Accuracy window moves with selected ratio. / 3 Other ratings available, consult Alstom Grid.
104
AIS Solutions | COSI-CT F3
COSI-CT F3
Flexible Optical
Current Transformer
Our comprehensive COSI range (COmpact Sensor
Intelligence) includes innovative digital instrument
transformers for AC and DC applications. The COSI-
CT F3 optical current sensor is the most flexible,
portable optical current transformer sensor available
and the easiest to install.
Customer benefits
■■ Flexible Form Factor
■■ Easy installation and configuration
■■ Improved measurement performances
105
Three product types are available, Type A, Type B, and Closed Loop,
each optimised for different applications and specifications.
Each F3 has a wrap-around sensing head around high-voltage
bushings, generator buses, and other conductors in ways not possible
with conventional Current Transformers.
The sensing loop is an all-dielectric cable, which connects to the
standard electronics, giving the user the same high
performance capability and output options as the high-voltage optical
CT. It is an ideal solution for retrofit applications and installations in
difficult spaces, on a temporary or permanent basis.
106
AIS Solutions | COSI-CT F3
The cable length between the The sensing fibre resides in the PVC conduit, which attaches directly
electronics module and the to the sensor box. Standard telecommunications optical fibre cabling
sensor box can be up to one connects the electronics module to the sensor box.
kilometer. The sensing cable has In the type B sensor, no wire connection is required at the sensor box,
a standard length of 20 m, but allowing it to be installed in a high-voltage environment.
other lengths may be specified at
the time of order. The type B F3 CT is a protection grade sensor with accuracy to 1%. It
measures AC currents over a bandwidth of 10 Hz to 3 kHz and can
The output of type A F3 CT can cover a range from 1 A to 160 kA, depending on the number of
be analog with 1 A or 5 A for sensing cablewraps used to measure the current.
metering application or digital
for metering and protection
applications.
■■ Applications include metering
and protection, wrap-around
bushing for metering or
protection, DC valve hall
measurements for metering
and protection, and very large
aperture applications.
Sensor box
107
Measuring current at an
overhead to underground
Closed Loop F3 CT
line transition The Closed Loop F3 CT is a fibre optic current sensor
consisting of an electronics module, a fibreglass
sensor box, and a flexible PVC conduit wrap-around
sensing cable.
The sensing fibre resides in the PVC conduit which
attaches directly to the sensor box. Standard
telecommunications optical fibre cabling and wire
cabling connect the electronics module to the
sensor box. However, it may be installed in a low-
voltage environment allowing the sensing cable to
be wrapped around a high-voltage bushing.
108
AIS Solutions | COSI-CT F3
DC x x
AC/DC x x
Sensor box HV isolated x
Max distance between electronics and sensor 1 km 10 km 100 km
(no repeater)
Fibre cable required x x x
Copper cables required x x
109
AIS Solutions | COSI-CT F3
110
AIS Solutions | COSI-PC13
COSI-PC13
Primary digital
converter for AIS
applications
High voltage designs now increasingly incorporate
Smart devices - making Smart substations part of
the real world. In the digital chain for current and
voltage measurement, the PC13 converter uses the
latest technologies to convert analog signals into
digital data to be transmitted to the merging unit
and ultimately to the protection relays and
control room.
Customer benefits
■■ High performance and rugged design
■■ Easy to maintain & test: off-the-shelf replacement
■■ 3-phase compact design for voltage levels up to 1,200 kV
111
Primary converter
Measure Convert
PC13: A high-tech converter (EMC) can be a problem, as is the case with
AIS substations in most layouts.
The digitising of signal outputs from DITs is crucial
and requires state of the art electronics Easy to maintain
using high-speed and high-accuracy components.
Thanks to its modular concept, the replacement
The PC13 is a smart converter providing high of a PC13 module is as simple as an off-the-shelf
performance and reliability. It is based on a digital replacement.
conversion unit and a digital core (FPGA:
Calibration values for sensors are included in the
programmable gate array) for signal treatment,
sensors themselves and pre-stored in an EEPROM
management and communication.
memory unit before leaving the factory.
An analog condition circuit, digital filters and
If a PC13 needs to be replaced, as soon as the new
integrator provide low noise, high linearity and
sensor is plugged in, the calibration values are
high bandwith to the converter.
automatically swapped to PC13 internal memory.
Compliant with all AIS layouts and with a rugged
and compact design, the PC13 can be easily Several communications rates
integrated with all HV products in voltage ranges High-speed electronics allow the simultaneous
up to 1,100 kV. The 3-phase design means only transmission of protection, metering and
one converter is required for a 3-phase qualimetry sample value outputs according to the
measurement point. IEC 61850-9.2 / 61869-9 standards.
The design is particularly adapted to harsh The design meets Smart Grid requirements up to
environments where Electromagnetic Compatibility harmonic 100 on the qualimetry channel.
112
AIS Solutions | COSI-PC13
important note:
This product may not be
sold on its own. It must
always be integrated in
a global DIT engineering
solution.
Merging unit
COSI-PC13
113
AIS Solutions | COSI-PC13
Sample Values
■■ Protective index
Output rate: IP64 compliant
kHz 4.8 /4 /5.76
■■ Protection channel
kHz 4.8 /4 /5.76
■■ Case material
■■ Metering channel Stainless Steel
kHz 14.4 /12.8 /15.36
■■ Qualimetry channel ■■ EMC Protection
IEC 61004-
FFT Analysis Harmonic 100 100
1,3,4,5,6,8,12,13,16 Class 3
Harmonics (qualimetry rank
to 5
channel only)
55022 Class A
Frequency domain Hz 0-10,000 0-10,000 ■■ Standard
(sensor imput) IEC 61850-9-2LE
A/D converters Qty 2 2 IEC 61869 -1, -6, -7, -8, -9
114
AIS Solutions | MU-Agile XMU820
MU-Agile
XMU820
Analog & Digital
Merging Unit
High voltage designs now increasingly incorporate
Smart devices and Smart substations are now part
of the real world. DIT sensors, for both current and
voltage, are one of the most important components
of this new generation of AIS. The XMU820 (Analog
& Digital Merging Unit) is the ‘switchboard’ of DIT
systems, facillitating communications using the
61869 and 61850 protocols.
Customer benefits
■■ High performance and rugged design
■■ Self monitored and easy to set up via webserver
■■ Both digital & analog CT & VT use is possible on the same unit
converters
115
Primary converter
Measure Convert
XMU820: Smart, powerful Compliant with AIS
device architectures
As soon as the analogue signals have been The XMU820 design is compact, with all the
digitalised via the PC13, the data is sent digitally to communications ports at the back of the XMU box.
the XMU820 merging unit. (Several PC13s can send
A mechanical form factor was chosen for simple
their measurements to one or more merging units).
integration into a 19-inch bay.
The XMU820 merges all those digital signals and
The large number of I/O ports allows the XMU820
is also able to include analog signals coming from
to fulfill most AIS substation architectures (one
conventional VT & CTs and synchronises them using
busbar, two busbars, one and half circuit-breakers)
the 1 PPS (Pulse Per Second) input or IEEE1588
thanks to the 13 Ethernet ports and 14 analog input
protocol. Then, the data is packed into one or
terminals which can be used as PC13 and/or CT,VT
several 61850.9-2 frames and sent to protection
inputs. All communication ports are designed with
relays, data loggers, Smart terminals, etc. The
standard LC- type optical connectors or RJ45 plugs.
device is powered by a powerful FPGA, creating a
real time matrix for interconnections between HV
Sensors (conventional and/or DIT) to secondary
Highly communicative device
IEDs. Thanks to its powerful core, the device is able
to communicate via 61850.9-2 (& 9-2 LE)
sending Sample Values (SV) to a 9-2 network
simultaneously over several ports.
116
AIS Solutions | MU-Agile XMU820
important note:
This product may not be
sold on its own. It must
always be integrated in
a global DIT engineering
solution.
Merging unit
117
AIS Solutions | MU-Agile XMU820
118
AIS Solutions | CBWatch-2
CBWatch-2
Modular circuit-
breaker monitoring
system
Substation equipment life management is of
key importance - and one of the best ways to
accurately supervise your network is through an
efficient monitoring system. Alstom has developed
the CBWatch-2 monitoring system which can be
your proactive link to cost-effective circuit-breaker
management.
Customer benefits
■■ Optimised, proactive circuit-breaker maintenance through
constant surveillance
■■ Increased circuit-breaker availability
119
The CBWatch-2 monitoring system offers you the
possibilities to manage a proactive, more cost
effective maintenance programme by constantly
monitoring your circuit-breakers’ condition
and the trends in your operational parameters.
These advance warning notifications are the
best insurance to avoiding network failure and
guarantee a longer life to your equipment.
Mechanical operation
CBWatch-2 monitors close and open operating times, allows the use of conventional auxilary switches
or primary contact travel sensors, monitors primary contacts separation speed, buffering and over travel,
detects mechanical performance deterioration (friction, corrosion, breakage, spring fatigue and buffer
defects) and it monitors auxilary switch timing.
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AIS Solutions | CBWatch-2
Available versions
CBWatch-2 exists for circuit-
breakers with one operating
mechanism for all three pole or
for one operating mechanism for
each of the three poles.
CBWatch-2 also exists for
generator circuit-breakers
(please consult us for the
available functions).
121
Installation Power supply Local interface
■■ Dimensions: > 48-125 Vdc; 48 - 120 Vac ■■ LCD display and keypad
310mm x 280mm x 95mm > 150-250 Vdc; 150 - 240 Vac (optional)
121/4”x11”x3 3/4” > Tolerance: -30 % to +15 % ■■ 1 self monitoring status relay
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AIS Solutions | CBWatch-2
Spring motor limit switch Access to the measurements and to the alarms
contacts
The software provides a visual display of the state of the on-going
■■ Hydraulic mechanism:
alarms and measurements on the connected CBWatch-2.
Pump start contacts
Hydraulic pressure sensor Access to the recordings of events
■■ Auxiliary and control circuits:
Temperature sensors The data archived in the CBWatch-2 connected to the PC can be
Coil supervision relays downloaded and saved in the EXCEL format, then recalled, visualised,
and printed out. The archived events can be studied and/or recalled on
your PC on demand.
123
AIS Solutions | CBWatch-2
124
AIS Solutions | DWatch
DWatch
The Smart operating
mechanism
DWatch integrates a hardware and software solution
to enable the smart automation and monitoring of
disconnector operations, through continuous control
of a variety of modes across the entire range of
disconnectors
Customer benefits
■■ Continuous monitoring of the circuit to maximise
efficiency
■■ Early detection of excessive torque
optimised maintenance.
125
The D-Watch Application
■■ The D-Watch device is designed to drive the Disconnector operation through the automation of the
operating mechanism with an electronic board
■■ The D-Watch permits users to monitor and control mechanism and most of the disconnector’s
mechanical parts
■■ D-Watch is a reliable electronic module that manages the control unit for very flexible operation
126
AIS Solutions | DWatch
D-Watch Installation
The electronic device is installed inside Alstom Grid’s motor operating
mechanism.
127
D-Watch benefits
This solution allows the system to manage a multitude
of information.
Digital Mechanism
Two way communication
Adaptive
Self-monitoring
Self-diagnostic
Generalised and deeper control
Vast range of options available for customers
Standardised device fully adaptable
Software Interface
128
AIS Solutions | DWatch
Monitoring benefits
The D-Watch device offers the following benefits to the user:
■■ Archive curve to have historical data for maintenance purposes
■■ Evaluate the state of kinematic chain and live part position during the operation
■■ Record load curves during commissioning activities and for maintenance purposes
D-Watch device
Alstom Grid has designed a very flexible electronic module that allows its entire range of disconnectors to
be controlled. Through continuous monitoring with variable speed, the D-Watch device allows various
operation modes to be set considering different disconnector kinematics, architecture, live part design and
special environmental conditions: e.g. operations under ice, etc.
Monitoring specification
D-Watch device monitors/controls following parameters as a function of position and time:
1. Voltage
2. Current
3. Operating time
4. Synchronisation of operation
5. Disconnector in motion/not in motion
6. N° of operation cycles
7. Max current reached
8. Minimum voltage reached
9. Motor torque
Data is recorded in non-volatile memory and transferred via PC communication.
Ethernet connection for remote diagnostic and integration to the Digital substation using the
IEC 61850 protocol.
129
I/O functions and integration in substation networks –
Features of Communication
■■ RS-232-USB connection for commissioning measurement/set-up
− Maintenance DMC
• Firmware update
• Debug warning alarm
• Download operation data
− On-site diagnostic
− On site adjustment
− PC operation
Integration examples
With PC With C264 BCU
■■ Webserver for Remote diagnostic ■■ IEC 60870-5-104 integration through fibre optics
− Viewing status of disconnector − Integration with substation network with possibility to integrate
− Debug warning alarm data in control network
− Download operation data
■■ IEC 61850-8-1 integration through fibre optics
− Notification via e-mail
− Integration with a SMART –GRID protocol
− Exchange data with other devices in the substation
130
AIS Solutions | DWatch
■■ Temp: temperature
131
AIS Solutions | DWatch
132
AIS Solutions | RPH3
RPH3
Point on Wave
switching
Optimising the closing and opening of a circuit-
breaker is of the utmost importance because
random switching can result in high transient
overvoltages and/or high inrush currents. These
transients generate stresses on all substation and
network equipment, leading to accelerated aging
- or the worst case scenario - flashover of the HV
apparatus.
Customer benefits
■■ Eliminate switching transients
■■ Reduce stress, overvoltages and inrush currents on
electrical networks
■■ Increase lifetime of HV equipment
133
Sensors CB drive Synchronous
(Spring or Hydraulic) switching relay
134
AIS Solutions | RPH3
Internet links
Electrical wire
Ethernet fibre optic
Ergonomic HMI
135
AIS Solutions | RPH3
Shunt reactors ■■ Reduce overvoltages and prevent current ■■ 110/240 Vac +/- 20%/50-
chopping and re-ignition 60 Hz
■■ Switch out with medium arcing time
■■ Power consumption: < 20 W
■■ 10 A – 300 ms / 15 A –
Transmission lines ■■ Limit overvoltages while energising
(uncompensated or re-closing 200 ms
■■ Alarm relays operating range:
and shunt reactor ■■ Switch in at zero voltage across circuit-
0.1 ms
■■ Control voltage (auxiliary)
136
AIS Solutions | Service
AIS Service
solutions
137
AIS Solutions | Service
138
AIS Solutions
AIS conclusions
Alstom’s digital substation solutions offer a range of market leading benefits
for AIS operations. These include:
■■ Entire Air Insulated Switchgear product portfolio
■■ A range from 72.5 up to 1200 kV
■■ Worldwide footprint, with local services
■■ High level of reliability and availability, with real time performance and extensive self-
diagnostics
■■ Standardisation and solutions designed to be interoperable
■■ Investment optimisation through reduced real estate needs, with copper cabling cut
by up to 80%
■■ Move to predictive maintenance thanks to intelligent asset management systems
139
AIS Solutions
140
SAS Solutions
141
142
Substation Automation Solutions
Substation
Automation
Solutions
Alstom Grid is the technology leader in substation
automation solutions.
Alstom Grid benefits from a leading position in the
substation automation market: The number one in
the Near and Middle East, India, Western Europe
and Africa, its worldwide market-share amounts
to more than 10%. With a complete substation
automation range, offering full IEC 61850
compliance, the products are ready for Smart Grid
applications. Alstom Grid Substation Automation
Solutions (SAS) is amongst the leading suppliers
to provide high-performance, mission-critical
solutions that protect, control and monitor electrical
substations. Our leadership is based on a strength
of over 1600 experts, with fully-local project,
delivery and application support capabilities, to
offer integrated solutions for utilities and industrial
customers worldwide.
143
SAS global footprint
The new era of intelligent Smart Grids requires more
sophisticated substation automation systems which allow
energy operators to provide a secure, dependable and cost
effective power supply to meet increasing customer
demands for higher standards of power automation.
Alstom Grid SAS provides intelligent systems and smart services to protect
and control all equipment and assets, for secure and optimum transmission
and distribution of electricity.
We offer a complete control, protection and monitoring range in all
segments, from medium voltage to over 1000kV, including:
■■ Fully-engineered digital control systems (DCS)
144
Substation Automation Solutions
Introducing
DS Agile
DS Agile is the latest in turnkey automation
solutions for digital substations. It combines
cutting-edge hardware, software, communications
and the highest technology engineering to IEC 61850
standards. DS Agile is a fully scalable solution, in
terms of functionality, architecture and services,
that can be tailored either to single substations or to
a harmonised system across multiple substations.
145
The complete
digital substation
solution D DS Agile switch
For various Ethe
ring, multi-ring,
●● Interoperable
C DS Agile substation bay controller
Substation control, communication, monitoring, ●● Gigabit switch
protection and automation functions ●● Full complian
●● Modular, IEC 61850-compliant solution constraints (I
●● Open platform for real-time automation schemes ●● Internal PC an
●● Both legacy and cutting-edge communication protocols ●● External racka
●● LCD graphical display for local control, monitoring and
maintenance
●● Suitable for retrofitting and modernising
existing installations
B IEC 61850 Ethernet network
●● International standard protocol
●● Allows interoperability between
IEDs from different vendors
Hardwire link
A
Process bus
IEC 61850 B
M Condition
monitoring
unit
A
D
M Condition
monitoring M Analog
unit merging
unit
M Numerical L
A merging
unit
L
M Switchgear
controlling
unit
146
Substation Automation Solutions
F
F
H
I
E
I F
Central
K access
server
D
B
I DS Agile Operator Interface (OI)
Station bus ●● Single-line dynamic diagram viewer and bay viewer
IEC 61850
J ●● Alarm viewer
●● Select-before-operate configurable function
F
●● Data monitoring, logging, archiving and curve trends
●● Phasor data concentrator
●● Condition monitoring HMIs
●● Secure access control by user profile
●● Protection and automation engineering toolsuite MiCOM
S1 Agile
147
DS Agile key benefits
DS Agile is a complete substation automation solution whose typical architecture consists of
a local IEC 61850 Ethernet network (LAN) that links all components, together and with the
operator interface (HMI). The network can be local to the substation or can interconnect several
dispersed substations. Redundant architectures can be set up as self-healing ring or dual-
homing star; eliminating outages. All LAN configurations are linked to the grid control room.
Industry standardisation
Alstom DS Agile offers topology-orientated automation protecting, controlling and
monitoring installations to ensure continuity and reliability of electrical networks.
Based on IEC 61850 communication standards, DS Agile enables complete integration
between devices and therefore ensures optimum use of information.
Wide-area automation
DS Agile is much more than a control and protection system for substations. Rapid data exchange
and communications between all control and protection IEDs is enabled, not only across the
substation and substation gateway, but also through Wide-Area Control Units (WACU) that can
process real-time automation, taking into account the topology of multiple substations.
The new WACU solution developed by Alstom makes inter-substation automation and
protection possible, helping protect assets and optimise power flows.
148
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile
C26x MiCOM
Bay P40
Controllers IED
Serial
communication
with IEDs Digital I/Os, instrument transformers, etc.
DS Agile functions
Data concentration and processing
One of the main functions of the DS Agile is to concentrate and process data: the
information can come from a variety of sources, both analog and digital. For example, when
re-using legacy equipment, analog data can be acquired directly from current and voltage
transformers and digital data can be acquired over serial communications links or via
hardwired links.
DS Agile manages many types of data from the substation’s primary and secondary
equipment such as: tapchanger and switchgear positions, control signals, measurement
values, disturbance records, settings, etc. Each item of qualified data is uniquely referenced
in the system configuration tool in order to ensure full consistency of the information, as
well as allowing it to be re-used in other parts of the system.
149
Automation
An operator can configure
specific control sequences
or automation schemes,
across one or more
sites (e.g. automatic
reclosing, System Integrity
Protection Schemes (SIPS),
load shredding). Such
applications can be based
on local or remote data.
Monitoring and analysis Similarly, the outputs can
Among DS Agile standard features are functions for locally perform local or remote
or remotely monitoring and analysing collected data. actions. Programmable
Extremely compact monitoring can be achieved via the logic can be implemented
embedded LCD in the C26x bay controller, displaying single using either Programmable-
line diagrams, alarms, measurement values and sequence of Scheme Logic (PSL) or
event lists. the Programmable-Logic
Alternatively, more sophisticated monitoring is possible via Controller (PLC). PSL is for
one or more flat screens, providing additional benefits such fast automation applications
as busbar colouring for easier maintenance, advanced alarm and it is available in the
screens and accurate fault localisation within the system. C26x bay controller. It is
Other features include advanced reporting, dual language event-driven, so there is
display and disturbance record analysis. no cycle time. The optional
PLC tool is fully compliant
with IEC 61131-3 and it
Control can be used for complex
Controls can be initiated by the operator (locally or or sequential automation
remotely) and multiple checks are performed before the applications, not only at bay
issue of a control signal in order to make it fully secure. level (in the C26x) but also
For instance, interlocking is achieved by logical equations at inter-substation (or inter-
or as the result of a dynamic topological analysis coupled system) level, by means of
with expert rules. Interlocks are managed as close to the the programmable Wide-
process as possible in order to provide the best security of Area Control Units (WACU).
operation. Interlocking conditions are graphically displayed
on the operator’s screen in order to immediately identify the
locking conditions (if any), allowing the operator to make
the appropriate changes before issuing the order.
150
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile
DS Agile architecture
Homogenous
DS Agile offers a unified architectural framework for building multiple solutions tailored to
the real needs of almost any application. It allows for progressive upgrading of the system
design according to the evolving requirements in terms of functions, size, performance etc.
Extendable
A DS Agile solution can be contained within a standard panel or be geographically
distributed, depending on the application. The DS Agile architecture is structured in a series
of hierarchical levels. Each level maintains a given performance in terms of transmission
time, dependability and automation independently of the other levels. It therefore ensures
that the system can be extended consistently and securely.
Standardised
The combination of modern, multi-functional and highly programmable IEDs together with
fast communications greatly improves the capabilities for producing a “standard bay”. A
standard bay is a product made of standard hardware, software and engineering libraries
(automation, graphical representations, wiring interface and IED composition). It can then
be customised to the exact requirements of the project through changes to the database.
Reliable
System availability is a function of the reliability of each individual component and the
architecture in which they are combined. DS Agile accommodates a variety of redundancy
options, ranging from the switch redundant power supply to the complete redundancy of
each component, including configuration database redundancy.
A DS Agile solution can be engineered from a few integrated components or have its
functions split into several components, thus offering a balance between functional
availability, cost and compactness.
In addition to the self-checks carried out by each component, DS Agile offers a variety of
system test modes such as ‘device maintenance management’ and ‘data forcing’ to further
increase the overall availability.
151
Communications protocols
Physical communications between components are based on both Ethernet and serial RS
links in order to cope with different applications such as the re-use of existing devices and
the integration of third-party equipment. State-of-the-art communications technology based
on client-server and peer-to-peer links such as IEC 61850 is DS Agile’s standard. It relies
on fast Ethernet networks and offers new perspectives in terms of distributed functions,
performance and flexibility, enabling innovative automation schemes and the flexible
addition of new application clients.
In addition to Ethernet’s IEC 61850, DS Agile supports the most typical serial protocols
(T103, DNP3 and MODBUS), in order to interface with existing devices, and it can be fully
integrated within a remote control scheme. When using MiCOM Alstom devices, the same
link can be used to retrieve settings or disturbance records.
Communications with remote control centres is achieved using IEC 60870-5-101,
IEC 60870-5-104 or DNP3 protocols. DS Agile also supports a series of older protocol
generations.
State-of-the-art communications technology based on client-server and peer-to-peer links
such as IEC 61850 is DS Agile’s standard. It relies on fast ethernet networks and offers
new perspectives in terms of distributed functions, performance and flexibility, enabling
innovative automation schemes and the flexible addition of new application clients.
Simple architecture
The DS Agile base architecture interconnects a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) or a PC with a
series of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) such as protection relays or measurement IEDs.
This architecture is typically used within a simple distribution substation, a wind farm or a
transmission substation bay (a feeder, for example).
Complete architectures
A DS Agile complete architecture is made up of an ethernet network linking components
from the base architecture with an operator interface (HMI), gateway and IEDs.
The ethernet network might be local to a substation, typically for a transmission application,
or it may interconnect dispersal sites commonly found in industrial or infrastructure
applications through wide-area control units.
The client-server communications exchange avoids any central point between local and
remote control (as found in the simple architecture) and allows for tailored redundancy of
the client and/or server.
152
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile
The full architecture is also typically implemented as a way to make an existing installation
evolve progressively via new technologies. The older system thus becomes a slave to an
IEC 61850 converter and new devices can successively be plugged into this network.
DS Agile components
A typical DS Agile Digital Control System (DCS) will incorporate different Intelligent
Electronic Devices (IED, such as protection relays, measurement devices and monitoring
equipment), bay controllers, Ethernet switches and gateways. All key components are
designed for optimal interoperability, data retrieval, control capability and remote settings.
153
Substation Automation Solutions
DS Agile switches
The DS Agile H-series Ethernet switches combine interoperable redundancy protocols (such
as PRP) and fibre-optic connections for ultimate reliability of the substation communication
networks. They maintain the flexibility to connect to standard Ethernet networks for
substation upgrades or refurbishments.
154
Substation Automation Solutions | DCS OI
DCS OI
Operator interface
(HMI) platform for
substation automation
While substations are usually unmanned during normal
conditions, efficient information access is a key requirement
in emergency situations. Design, installation, life extension
and maintenance instances of an electrical substation’s
digital control system (DCS) demand a straightforward,
user-friendly interface. Intuitive access to the most relevant
information and fully secure operations are necessary to
ease operator tasks. To help you meet these challenges,
we offer the Alstom DCS OI operator interface platform
dedicated to our substation automation systems, DS Agile
v5.0 and upwards, and PACiS (up to v4.6).
Customer benefits
■■ Native integration of substation requirements
■■ Intuitive, secure and efficient interface
■■ Scalable platform tailored to each project
155
Native integration of substation
requirements
Alstom DCS OI relies on a standard graphical user interface, enabling
local or web visualisation of single line displays. The HMI’s true added
value consists of a series of fully tested modules that match electrical
application needs such as: real-time communication protocol interface,
select before operate sequences, automation capabilities and no data
loss guarantee.
156
Substation Automation Solutions | DCS OI
Consistent suite
of operator tools
HMI software tools cover the complete lifecycle of the electrical
application including: system engineering, IED engineering, substation
automation, network analysis, system maintenance and IED maintenance
- all integrated with a consistent look and feel.
The DCS OI can provide access to (as a complement to local HMIs) any
remote connection to present real-time information and any archived
data for maintenance and supervision. Remote access is available
through PSTN, DSL, satellite link as a dedicated application or Web
server.
OI hot redundancy
The DCS OI server redundancy is managed through a set of 2 HMI servers
(named cluster). The OI client can be connected to one of the 2 servers.
Reconfiguration is automatically managed when the preferred server
is reconnected. Each datapoint change is consolidated between the 2
servers (real-time data & historical data are the same on both servers).
KEY FEATURES
Intuitive and secure monitoring and control via Windows® 2000, Windows 7 or XP modules
Real-time communication with following protocols: UCA2, IEC 61850, OPC, IEC 60870-5-103, IEC 60870-5-101,
DNP3, ModBus...
157
Substation Automation Solutions | DCS OI
158
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile Gateway
DS Agile
Gateway
Rugged, solid-state,
communications
solution
DS Agile’s A300 communications protocol gateway
is an advanced solution for interfacing substation
networks with digital control systems and network
management systems.
Customer benefits
■■ Fully compliant with IEC 61850
■■ Simple commissioning and maintenance
■■ Hot standby redundancy
159
Combining full IEC 61850 compliance, hot standby redundancy and
simple commissioning, the A300 is a powerful solution for interfacing
bay level devices (protection, control or measurement devices), station
level devices (digital control system client/servers) and upper level
systems (network management systems or digital control systems).
The DS Agile Gateway is ruggedised and solid-state - designed to work
within stringent substation environmental conditions (EMC compliance
as per IEC 61850-3 etc.).
160
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile Gateway
System hardware
■■ Processor: CPU Intel Atom D510 1.66GHz
■■ Memory: 2GB DDRII SDRAM built-in
■■ Operating system: Microsoft WINDOWS XP
85 Hz
■■ Storage: internal solid state drive
161
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile Gateway
162
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile WACU
DS Agile WACU
Based on the DS Agile gateway, the new DS Agile
WACU A400 allows inter-voltage and inter-substation
control exchange through IEC 61131 PLC automation.
This wide-area automation capability becomes
highly valuable whenever the implementation of
multi-substation control is needed (e.g., among the
multiple substations across railway lines or between
the generation subsystem and the transmission
interconnection substation in a power plant).
Customer benefits
■■ Wide Area Control Units (WACU) for inter-substation and
inter-voltage exchange
■■ IEC 61131 PLC automation
■■ IEC 61850-compliant
163
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile WACU
164
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile bay controllers
Customer benefits
Substation control, communication, monitoring, protection
and automation functions.
■■ Modular, IEC 61850-compliant solution
maintenance
■■ Suitable for retrofitting and modernising existing
installations
165
Alstom’s C264 Bay Control Unit (BCU) is a sophisticated solution
supporting many applications and functions for substation control,
communication, monitoring, protection and automation.
Flexibility, reliability and ease of use are among the top features required
in a substation computer; the MiCOM C264 has these features. A
combination of dual redundant fibre optic Ethernet, modular I/O, an
expandable design and an extensive library of functions make the C264 Sample logical equations
the ideal solution for a wide array of applications in substation digital
control systems.
In addition to the traditional data management (inputs and outputs) the
DS Agile BCU can be used as a:
■■ Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
■■ Bay computer
■■ Measurement centre
■■ Protocol converter
■■ Substation gateway
166
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile bay controllers
167
Features Additionally a digital input can be Encoded digital data
The C264 BCU can interpret
manually suppressed, substituted,
Communication protocols forced invalid and detected as a group of digital inputs as an
Alstom’s MiCOM C264 is faulty. Digital inputs can then be encoded digital value. Binary,
fully compatible with many transmitted on the substation LAN Binary Coded Decimal (BCD),
communication standards such using the desired protocol. gray code, decimal and 1 among
as UCA2/IEC 61850, IEC 60870- N types of encoding can all be
5-104, DNP3, IEC 60870-5- Binary counters
processed. These values can
101/103, and MODBUS. Two types of binary counter are
represent data such as process
available; single counters for
Redundancy measurements and tap positions.
single data points and double
At substation level and / or bay counters for double data points. Analogue inputs
level an optional redundant C264 Counters can be transmitted Analogue measurements can be
can be used to avoid the loss of periodically or on request. In the acquired from either an analogue
critical functions. event of a supply interruption the input board, a transducerless
Digital inputs counters can resume from their measurement board (for current
The MiCOM C264 offers five types previously stored values. and voltage transformers) or via a
of digital inputs: communication network.
Digital outputs
■■ Single point
Digital outputs can be used to Analogue outputs
■■ Double point apply a switching voltage to an Analogue outputs can be used
■■ Multiple point external device. These outputs can to interface with auxiliary
■■ System input for internal C264 be controlled in one of three ways: devices (measurement viewers,
information ■■ Select Before Operate once generators, motors, etc). The
■■ Logical combination of digital (SBO once) Analogue outputs are powered
inputs ■■ Select Before Operate many
from an external supply (48VDC)
All inputs are acquired and time- (SBO many) and can maintain their value even
stamped with an accuracy of 1 ms. if the C264 is powered down.
■■ Direct execution
168
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile bay controllers
169
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile bay controllers
170
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile switchgear control unit
DS Agile Switchgear
Control Unit (SCU)
Switchgear control units are the fast, real-time interface to switchgear,
mounted close to the plant which they command. They replace the
hardwiring of inputs and outputs with an Ethernet interface to the yard.
They combine full IEC 61850 compliance with hot standby redundancy and
simple commissioning.
Customer benefits
(IEC 61850-3)
■■ Hardwired binary I/O in the yard scaleable up to 48
171
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile switchgear control unit
172
Substation Automation Solutions | MU Agile AMU
MU Agile AMU
Analogue merging unit
The Alstom MU Agile AMU provides a high quality,
cost effective, IEC 61850-9-2LE sampled value
interface to conventional current and voltage
transformers.
Customer benefits
■■ Measures accurate, time synchronised power system data
■■ Communicates sampled values according to
IEC61850-9-2LE
■■ Uses the same transformers for current and voltage
■■ Withdrawable
173
Digital technologies have brought many benefits in the strategic field of transmission networks and
specifically substations. Digital technology at station bus level is today widely spread and has also extended
to process buses at the primary equipment level.
The Alstom MU Agile Analogue Merging Unit goes one step further towards a complete digital substation;
facilitating the connection of conventional current and voltage transformers to modern substation
automation solutions through IEC 61850-9-2LE.
With a space-saving case accommodating four current and four voltage transformers taken from the proven
MiCOM P40 product range, the MU Agile AMU affords a low-risk transition from conventionally connected
substation automation to a fully digital substation.
174
Substation Automation Solutions | MU Agile AMU
All CT connections have integral shorting, when the IED is withdrawn from the case. This affords additional
safety to personnel who may be working near live apparatus.
175
Sequence of event recording Alstom Grid agile digital
All events are time tagged to a resolution of 1 ms. substations
Up to 2048 time-tagged event records are stored Alstom Grid agile digital substations are based
in the flash memory, and can be extracted using on IEC 61850, the unifying communication
the USB port. standard for complete information sharing
and interoperability. They allow for future
Communications modernisation and the integration of new
Two communication ports are standard: a rear systems. Digital Control Systems are connected
port providing for process bus communications with the primary bays through a process bus built
and a front port for substation staff. The front on redundant Ethernet. Merging and control units
USB port facilitates the programming of settings, collate and convert measurements, indications
and the extraction and viewing of events. The and commands (I/O) into sampled values and
rear fibre optic LC Ethernet connection offers GOOSE messages, and vice-versa.
the ability to transmit IEC 61850-9-2 sampled
At an advanced level, digital instrument
values and to receive SNTP time synchronisation
transformers and condition monitoring systems
messages.
integrated with the substation HMI (Human
Time synchronisation Machine Interface) can be added, providing
superior substation situation awareness, locally
The high-precision referencing of sampled values and remotely.
to GPS real time uses the one pulse per second (1
pps) fibre input, typically provided by the MiCOM
Alstom P594.
Cyber-Security
The sophistication of protection schemes,
coupled with the advancement of technology,
increasingly leads to devices and substations
being interconnected with open networks, such
as the internet or corporate-wide networks.
This introduces a potential security risk making
the grid vulnerable to cyber-attack, which could
in turn lead to electrical outages. To secure
communication within such environments, the
MU Agile AMU offers NERC-compliant cyber
security.
MU Agile AMU withdrawability
176
Substation Automation Solutions | MU Agile AMU
Interoperability
■■ Ease of refurbishment
■■ Safety
■■ Environmental responsibility
177
Substation Automation Solutions | MU Agile AMU
178
Substation Automation Solutions | Protection Relays
Introducing
Protection Relays
No matter how well designed, faults will always
occur on a power system, and these faults may
represent a risk to life and/or property. The
destructive power of a fault arc carrying a high
current is very large; it can burn through copper
conductors or weld together core laminations in a
transformer or machine in a very short time – some
tens or hundreds of milliseconds. Even away from
the fault arc itself, heavy fault currents can cause
damage to plant if they continue for more than a
few seconds.
Uncleared faults would also pose a risk to system
stability, resulting in unwanted disconnection of
generation or interruption of supplies to consumers.
The provision of adequate protection to detect and
disconnect elements of the power system in the
event of faults is therefore an integral part of power
system design. Only by doing this can the objectives
of the power system be met and the investment
protected.
179
Substation Automation Solutions | Protection Relays
180
Substation Automation Solutions | MiCOM Alstom P40
Customer benefits
■■ Unparallelled speed, security and selectivity
■■ Comprehensive models, hardware options, protection and
control functions
■■ Graphical programmable scheme logic (PSL) eases
workstations
■■ Comprehensive communication options including IEC
substation architectures
■■ MiCOM S1 Agile software manages your IEDs
181
The 40 series platform, incorporating a full complement of utility,
generation and industrial-focussed models is the principal building
block of Alstom Grid’s offer, hosting the wide variety of protection,
control, measurement, monitoring and communication functions
demanded.
The versatile hardware allows deployment with confidence and the
PC tool, S1 Agile, makes for easy configuration, application and
management of the installed base.
Typical device in small case
size variant A fresh and intuitive user interface makes the 40 series ideal for any
environment and suits all skillsets of headquarters and field personnel.
Numerous integrated communication protocols allow easy interfacing
to substation control or SCADA systems. From simple wired serial
buses, to Ethernet station and process bus architectures with IEC
61850 - MiCOM Alstom protection has the solution.
The MiCOM Alstom P40 range offers comprehensive solutions for all
power system protection applications, including:
■■ Line differential
■■ Motor management ■■ Transformer management
■■ Feeder management ■■ Busbar protection
■■ Interconnection protection
■■ Feeder management
protection
■■ Trackside AC Grids
■■ Loadshedding
■■ Catenary distance protection
■■ Breaker fail and reclosing
■■ Transformer management
■■ Line phase comparison
■■ Transformer-rectifier units
■■ Phasor Measurement Units
(PMU)
182
Substation Automation Solutions | MiCOM Alstom P40
Scope
The P40 range fulfills the requirements at all voltage levels from MV to EHV/
UHV for industrial, distribution, generation, transmission and railway systems.
Common features
■■ 1 A/5 A dual rated CTs for simplified inventories
■■ Event and disturbance recording for post-fault analysis
■■ Rear ports with choice of protocols, and front port for local setting
183
Protection and control features
Protection elements
All algorithm and hardware know-how is the culmination of decades of advances in Alstom’s centres of
excellence. The platform has vast experience in test and in-service operational environments, proving the
technical integrity.
The comprehensive and advanced library of protection and control functions in each device allow it to
meet the exact application requirements. Multiple protection functions, logic and control functions may be
enabled, without deterioration in performance – the platform is fully deterministic.
Figure 1
Programmable logic for P40
184
Substation Automation Solutions| MiCOM Alstom P40
185
The following protocols are
available:
■■ Courier/K-Bus
■■ Modbus
■■ IEC 60870-5-103
■■ DNP 3.0
■■ IEC 61850
186
Substation Automation Solutions | MiCOM Alstom P40
Self monitoring functionality within the product. The 40TE case width is often
Comprehensive self-monitoring Communication ports and model/ narrow enough to allow a retrofit
procedures within the device serial number information are of legacy vertically-mounted relays.
ensure that internal hardware and concealed by upper and lower
Wiring
software errors are detected, thus covers.
External connections are made
ensuring a high degree of reliability.
Physical protection of the front via ring type terminals, for the
Automatic tests are performed
panel user interface and prevention peace of mind of secure ring lug
during start-up and cyclic self-
of casual access is provided by an and screw-through fastening.
monitoring tests are performed
optional transparent front cover, Ring terminals accommodate one
during operation. Any deviations
which can be fitted or omitted or two lugs per terminal.
are stored in non-volatile memory
according to choice, since the
and the result of the fault diagnosis
front panel was designed for IP52
determines whether a blocking of
protection against dust and water.
the device will occur or whether
only an alarm is issued. The cases are suitable for either
rack or panel mounting as shown
Trip circuit supervision
in Figure 4.
Supervision of the trip circuit,
whether the breaker is closed or Taking into account the differing
open (preclosing supervision), case widths, relays can be
can be implemented using combined with or without the use
opto-coupled inputs and the of standard blanking plates to
programmable scheme logic. form a complete 19” mounting.
This saves space and allows for
Mechanical a neat installation, especially in
description conjunction with MiCOM ALSTOM
P*90 series interfaces, P991 and
Cases
MMLG test blocks, and MIDOS
The Px40 series relays are
auxiliary relays – all of which
housed in a specially designed
share the same 4U mounting
case providing a high density of
dimensions.
Case dimensions A B C D E
Px40 40TE 206
60TE 177 309.6 240 (inc wiring) 270 (inc wiring) 157.5 max
80TE 413.2
80TErack 483
Note: Maximum sizes for guidance only, for specific product information please
check the relevant product documentation. (All dimensions in mm)
187
Technical data implementation has been designed
to be especially resilient and
ordering stage to balance ease of
deployment with energy efficiency.
Measuring inputs – analogue reliable in the presence of “noise”,
All CT inputs are dual-rated at 1A Digital inputs (Optos)
such as latency, jitter or missing/
and 5A to simplify ordering and The digital status input pickup
suspect data.
strategic spares inventories. thresholds are programmable,
Power supplies so specifying the inputs is just a
The heavy duty terminal block Three ranges of power supply question of counting how many
features integral current options are available at the are needed.
transformer shorting to prevent
dangerous voltages being present
should the block be removed; General Series Data Px40
a maintenance error could Frequency 50/60Hz x
otherwise lead to a potentially Dual rated 1A/5A x
unsafe/lethal scenario.
CT Thermal Ratings Continuous: 4 Inom x
Measuring inputs – process bus for 10s: 30 Inom
for 1s: 100 Inom
IEC 61850-9.2
Many models in the range are Opto Inputs max 48
available with an IEC 61850-9.2 Output Contacts max 46
process bus interface to replace Carry: continuous 10 A
traditional analogue inputs. This
Make and Carry 30 A for 3s
facilitates interoperability with
non-conventional instrument LED Indication (freely programmable) 12 (8) - plus those with function keys
transformers and merging units, Function Keys/Hot keys 10 functions/2 hotkeys (available on some
with the measuring signals models)
188
Substation Automation Solutions | MiCOM Alstom P40
189
Motor and generator management relays
Device P241 P242 P243 P341 P342 P343 P344 P345 P346
CT inputs 4 4 7 4 5 8 8 9 8
VT inputs 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 4
Opto inputs (max)1 8 16 16 16 24 32 32 32 32
Output contacts (max)1 7 16 16 15 24 32 32 32 32
RTDs(option) 10 10 10 - 10 10 10 10 10
Analogue I/O(option) 4/4 4/4 4/4 4/4 4/4 4/4 4/4 4/4 4/4
Function Keys/Hotkeys x x x x x x x x x
Interlocking logic x x x x x x x x x
Protection
Motor Protection
Short circuit 50/51 x x x
Motor differential 87M x
Locked rotor 50S/51LR/51S x x x - - - - - -
Reverse power 32R x x x - - - - - -
Reacceleration/LV ride-through/ 27LV x x x - - - - - -
Autorestart
Startup monitoring/Excessive long start 66/48/51 x x x - - - - - -
Negative sequence overvoltage 47 x x x - - - - - -
Out of step 55 x x x - - - - - -
Loss of load 37 x x x - - - - - -
Undercurrent 37P/37N x x x - - - - - -
Unbalance/Lock-out 30/46/86 x x x - - - - - -
Speed switch inputs 14 x x x - - - - - -
Anti backspin 27ABS x x x
Generator Protection
Generator/Transformer differential 87G/T - - - - - x x x x
Check synchronising 25 - - - - x x x x x
Interturn/split phase 50DT - - - - - x x x x
Underimpedance 21 - - - - x x x x x
Pole slipping 78 - - - - - x x x -
Directional power 32 - - - x x x x x x
Loss of field 40 x x x - x x x x x
Restricted earthfault 64 - - - x x x x x x
100% stator earth fault(3rd harmonic) 27TN/59TN - - - - - x x x -
100% stator earth fault(Low Freq. 64S - - - - - - - x -
Injection)
Overfluxing 24 - - - - x x x x x
Unintentional energisation at standstill 50/27 - - - - x x x x -
Voltage dependent O/C 51V - - - - x x x x x
Rotor earth fault 64R - - - - x x x x x
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Substation Automation Solutions | MiCOM Alstom P40
1: Please note that some relays may have a limit on max. I/0 when used as a combination
Application tips
■■ P241 - for small/medium motors where the scheme requires only a
small binary I/Ocount
■■ P242 - used in applications where the larger case width is required to
embedded generation
■■ P342 – for smaller generators not requiring per phase differential
protection
■■ P343 – the standard choice for large generator protection
■■ P345 – for large generators, where the customer requires 100% stator
191
Distance and phasor measurement Application tips
Device P441 P442 P443 P444 P445 P446 P847
■■ P441 and P445 – for
CT inputs 4 4 4 4 4 8 3/12
smaller device size and
VT inputs 4 4 4 4 4 5 3
optimum functionality
Opto inputs (max)1 8 16 32 24 16 24 24
for subtransmission and
Output contacts (max)1 14 21 32 46 16 32 24
distribution
Function Keys/Hotkeys x x x x x x x
■■ P442 and P444 – distance
Protection
relay for transmission
Distance protection 21/21N x x x x x x -
applications
- Phase Mho/Quad 21P -/x -/x x/x -/x x/- x/x -
■■ P443 – distance relay with
- Ground Mho/Quad 21G -/x -/x x/x -/x x/x x/x -
subcycle tripping for fastest
- Autoreclose 79 3 pole x - - - x - -
fault clearance
1/3 pole - x x x - 2 -
■■ P446 – for subcycle tripping
- Power swing blocking 78 x x x x x x -
- Out-of-step tripping 68 - - x - - x -
applications with dual circuit-
- Check synchronising 25 x x x x x 2 -
breaker topologies (eg.
- Switch on to Fault 50/27 x x x x x x -
breaker and a half)
■■ P847 – for phasor
- Mutual compensation x x x x - x -
measurement applications
Phasor Measurement PMU - - - - - - x
Ancillary functions
Phase overcurrent 50/51P x x x x x x x
Phase directional 50BF x x x x x x x
Delta directional Comparsion ΔI/ΔV - - x - - x -
Ground fault 50/51N x x x x x x x
Ground fault directional 67N x x x x x x x
Negative sequence overcurrent 46 x x x x x x x
Directional negative sequence 46/67 x x x x x x x
Thermal overload 49 x x x x x x x
Under/Over voltage 27/59 x x x x x x x
Redsidual over voltage 59N x x x x x x x
Under/Over frequency 81U/O - x x x x x x
Rate of change of frequency 81R - - x - x x x
Circuit-breaker Failure 50BF x x x x x 2 x
Broken Conductor 46BC x x x x x x x
Stub Bus Protection 50ST x x x x x x x
Voltage/Current Transformer VTS/CTS x x x x x x x
Supervision
Capacitive Voltage CVTS x x - x - - - 1: Please note that some relays may
Transformer Supervision have a limit on max. I/O when used
Channel Aided Scheme Logic 85 x x x x x x - as a combination.
Trip Circuit Supervision TCS x x x x x x x 2: Denotes functionality for two
InterMiCOM 46BC - x x x x x - circuit-breakers per line
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Substation Automation Solutions | MiCOM Alstom P40
- FO signalling x x x x x x - - - - - - - - -
- SDH/Sonet networks 78 - - x x x x - - - - - - - - -
- In-zone transformer 68 x x x - x - - - - - - - - - -
- 2nd harmonic restraint x x x - x - - - - - - - - - -
- Vector compensation 50/27 x x x - x - - - - - - - - - -
2 breaker configuration - - - x - x - - - - - - - - -
- Direct/permissive x x x x x x - - - - - - - - -
intertripping
Phase comparison 87PC - - - - - - x - - - - - - - -
- PLC signalling 0 - - - - - - x - - - - - - - -
Transformer Differential 87T - - - - - - - x x x - - - - -
- Windings/Bias inputs 0 - - - - - - - 2 3 5 - - - - -
Restricted Earth fault 87G/64 - - - - - - - 2 3 3 - - - - -
- Overfluxing/5th harmonic 0 - - - - - - - x x x - - - - -
- Overexcitation 24 - - - - - - - x 2 2 - - - - -
- 2nd harmonic restraint 0 - - - - - - - x x x - - - - -
Busbar Protection 87BB - - - - - - - - - - x x x x x
- Central unit feeders 0 - - - - - - - - - - 2B - - 6/18 18
- Peripheral units 0 - - - - - - - - - - - x x - -
- Phase-segregated 87P - - - - - - - - - - 8 - - 2 4
differential zones
- Sensitive Earth fault 87N - - - - - - - - - - 6 - - - -
differential zones
- Check zone 87CZ - - - - - - - - - - 8 - - x x
- CT supervision CTS x x x x x x x x x x x x
- CT saturation immunisation 0 - - - - - - - - - - - x x x x
- Fibre optic signalling 0 - - - - - - - - - - x x x - -
Continued on next page...
193
Line differential, transformer and busbar protection relays (...continued)
Device P541 P542 P543 P544 P545 P546 P547 P642 P643 P645 P741 P742 P743 P746 P747
Ancillary Functions
Phase Overcurrent 50/51P x x x x x x x x x x - x x x x
Phase Directional 67P - - x x x x x - x x - - - - -
Ground Fault 50/51N x x x x x x x x x x - x x x x
Ground Fault Directional 67N - - x x x x x - x x - - - -
CT Supervision/ Differential CTS CTS - - x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Sensitive Directional Earth Fault 67N - - x x x x x - - - - - - - -
Wattmetric Earth Fault 64W x x x - x - - - - - - - - - -
Distance Protection 21 - - x x x x x - - - - - - - -
Power Swing Blocking 78 - - x x x x x - - - - - - - -
Check Sync 25 - - x - x - x - - - - - - - -
Negative Sequence 46 - - x x x x x x x x - - - - -
Overcurrent
Thermal Overload 49 x x x x x x x x x x - - - - -
Loss of life and Through Fault LOL - - - - - - - x x x - - - - -
Under/Over Frequency 81U/O - - x x x x x x x x - - - - -
Circuit-breaker Failure 50BF x x x 2 x 2 x 2 3 5 x x x 6/18 18
Autoreclose 79 - 3 1/3 - 1/3 - - - - - - - - - -
pole pole pole
Over/Under Voltage 27/59 - - x x x x - - x x - - - - x
Trip Circuit Supervision TCS x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
1: Please note that some relays may have a limit on max. I/O when used as a combination.
2: Denotes functionality for two circuit-breakers per line
Application tips
■■ P145 – the typical high impedance busbar ■■ P643 – for three sets of phase CTs in a transformer
protection choice differential scheme, or where 3-phase voltage-
■■ P541 – for cable and line differential in an based functionality is required
economical device size for distribution ■■ P645 – for transformers requiring four or five CT
■■ P543 – the standard choice line differential for bias input sets to the scheme
subtransmission and transmission applications ■■ P741 – central unit in a busbar scheme typically
■■ P545 - used in applications where the larger case with three or more discrete zones
width is required to accommodate a larger binary ■■ P742 – the typical busbar protection peripheral unit
with one set of CTs per side feeders and four zones
194
Substation Automation Solutions | MiCOM Alstom P40
Autoreclose relays
Device P841 P842
CT inputs 4/9 -
VT inputs 4/5 4
Opto inputs (max) 32 48
Output contacts (max) 32 32
Protection
Breaker Failure Protection 50BF x/2 -
- 2-stage c x -
- Pole discrepancy x -
Autoreclose 79 x/2 x
- Mesh corner/Single switch 78 - x
Typical application - Check sync 25 x/2 x
advice: - Ferroresonance suppression - x
Voltage and Frequency Protection 50/27
■■ P841 – for autoreclose,
- Undervoltage 27 x -
check synchronism, breaker - Overvoltage 59 x -
fail and backup protection
- Residual overvoltage 59N x -
of transmission and
- Under/Over frequency 81U/O x -
subtransmission circuits
- Rate of Change of Frequency (df/dt+t) 81R x -
■■ P842 – UK-specific mesh
- Frequency Supervised Rate of Change of 81RF x -
corner reclosing device Frequency (f+df/dt)
- Frequency Supervised Average 81RAV x -
Rate of Change of Frequency f+Δ f/ Δt)
Up-to-date guidance on the 1: Please note that some relays may have a limit on max. I/O when used as a combination.
best protection product can be 2: Denotes functionality for two circuit-breakers per line
195
Substation Automation Solutions | MiCOM Alstom P40
196
Substation Automation Solutions | P847 PMU
MiCOM Alstom
P847
Phasor measurement
unit
MiCOM Alstom Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)
provide high quality, synchronised measurements of
key power system quantities.
Customer benefits
■■ Measures accurate, time synchronised power system data
■■ Communicates synchrophasors according to IEEE C37.118
■■ Available with ancillary protection, control and
recording functions
■■ Galvanic, fibre optic and redundant communication
options
197
Stability and thermal limits, voltage collapse and loop flows are ■■ Anticipate impending system
constraints that electrical power system planners and operators failures such as angular
continually have to deal with. With today’s stretched systems, instability by monitoring
often having minimal reserve, cascading events, such as the loss bus angles between key
of generator units or transmission lines, can easily lead to severe generating areas
power swings, voltage collapses, possible loss of synchronism and
■■ Predict impending voltage
underfrequency load shedding. Real-time knowledge of system
instability problems by
conditions and changes is at the heart of the battle to maintain
monitoring high VAR flows
security of supply.
in the network associated
The MiCOM Alstom P847 is a product that can help in this battle by with fast declines in regional
providing highly accurate, time-synchronised phasor measurements voltage magnitudes
(synchrophasors) from anywhere in the system. ■■ Invoke system wide defence
Use the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) as part of a wide area plans to ensure system
monitoring and control system to assess key metrics in, or between, stability is maintained.
critical areas in the power system. High-speed transfer of key system ■■ Improve control to prevent
parameters, complemented by cutting-edge visualisation tools at the the risks of unnecessary
control centre, enhances the system management capability. islanding, damage to costly
transmission equipment,
unnecessary load shedding,
and blackouts.
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Substation Automation Solutions | P847 PMU
Password protection
Password protection may be
independently applied to the front
user interface, front communications
port and rear communications port.
Two levels of password protection
are available providing access to the
controls and settings respectively.
199
Related products
Phasor Terminal
Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), such as the
MiCOM P847, output synchronised phasor data
over an Ethernet network at rates of up to 60
frames per second. This results in large amounts
of data being produced that can be challenging
to handle in real time when commissioning or
troubleshooting an individual PMU or even a small
Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS).
Phasor Terminal solves this problem; it is a software
tool that provides clear visualisation and archiving
of real time IEEE C37.118-2005 data. Multiple
PMUs can be quickly and easily configured,
Phasor Terminal, Synchrophasor visualisation
connected and graphically compared using an
and archiving tool
intuitive drag-and-drop interface.
200
Substation Automation Solutions | P847 PMU
Applications
Synchronised phasor measurements can be transmitted by the MiCOM Alstom P847 to a PhasorPoint
Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) or other upstream application using a high speed communications
link. The applications that can be deployed to utilise synchrophasor data include wide area monitoring,
visualisation and alarming, post-event analysis, islanding detection and oscillatory stability management.
Main features
Product variants
Three models of the MiCOM P847 Phasor Measurement Unit are available: A, B, and C.
Model A features a three-phase VT input and a three-phase CT input and provides phasor measurements of
the three-phase voltages, the three-phase currents and the derived sequence components. Basic protection
functions including under and over, frequency, voltage and current, and circuit-breaker monitoring are
included in the P847 A.
As well as the three VT inputs, Models B and C feature twelve CT inputs. The CT inputs can be configured
as 4 sets of three-phase measurements or 12 independent phasor measurements. No protection functions
are available in Models B & C. The functions available in each model are outlined in full in the table overleaf:
201
Substation Automation Solutions | P847 PMU
MAIN FEATURES
ANSI FEATURES P847 A P847 B P847 C
202
Substation Automation Solutions | P40 Agile
P40 Agile
Feeder management
IEDs
The P14N non-directional feeder, P14D directional
feeder and P94V voltage & frequency IEDs bring
the design rigour and technology of transmission
applications to the entire utility and industrial
market.
The footprints of both the device physical size and the
lifecycle environmental impact have been minimised
using state-of-the-art design, component, and
process selection. Agile solutions from Alstom are
ideal for new-build and retrofit alike.
Customer benefits
■■ Novel I Draw-out I Versatile
■■ Powerful logic, protection and communications
■■ Cost effective IEC 61850 and DNP3 Ethernet solution
203
Agility, versatility
MiCOM P40 Agile IEDs provide an integrated solution for the
complete protection, control and monitoring of electrical power
systems. Application for overhead lines, underground cables, busbars,
breakers, transformers, reactors, distributed generation and motors
is supported, right from distribution (as primary protection) to
transmission voltage levels (as back-up). The IEDs are suitable for
application in solidly-earthed, resistance earthed and Petersen coil
systems alike.
P14DL P14D Advanced directional feeder protection (with autoreclose and fault locator)
(1)
Only with sensitive earth fault CT option
(2)
HIF - high impedance (downed conductor) fault
204
Substation Automation Solutions | P40 Agile
51 IDMT overcurrent 3 3 3 3 3 3
68 Inrush blocking * * * * * *
Programmable curves 4 4 4 4 4 4
Blocking scheme * * * * * *
49 Thermal overload * * * * * *
50BF CB failure 2 2 2 2 2 2
27 Undervoltage 3 3 3 3 3 3
59 Overvoltage 3 3 3 3 3 3
205
P40 AGILE PROTECTION FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW (...continued)
ANSI FUNCTION P14NB P14NZ P14DB P14DG P14DL P14DZ P14VB P14VP
25 Check synchronising * * * *
81O Overfrequency 9 9 9 9 9 9
81U Underfrequency 9 9 9 9 9 9
VTS VT supervision * * * *
CTS CT supervision * * * *
DC supply supervision * * * * * * * *
CB condition monitoring * * * * * *
Setting groups 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
The numbers in the table denote the number of elements or stages available
Intuitive User
Interfaces
The front-panel interface (shown
in Figure 1) allows direct IED
interaction. A USB front port
offers enhanced access by laptop
computers. Integrated user
function keys and tri-colour
programmable LEDs provide a
cost effective solution for control
and annunciation. Numerous,
optional, modern communication
protocols, including IEC 61850,
ensure interfacing to upper-level
Supervisory, Control, Automation
or Data Acquisition systems. Figure 1 P40 Agile front panel interface
206
Substation Automation Solutions | P40 Agile
Environmental responsibility
The IEDs are manufactured in a lead-free soldering process using lead-free components. Power dissipation
is the lowest among comparable products, easing concern on station batteries. Even the product weight
(including packaging) has been optimised to lessen the transit carbon footprint. All such actions boost the
eco-responsibility demonstrated in the Product Environment Profile (PEP). The product does not require any
resident battery.
The PEP shows claims for raw material depletion, energy depletion, water depletion, global warming
potential, ozone depletion, photochemical ozone creation, air acidification, and hazardous waste pollution.
Quality Buit-In
Quality Built-In methodology is applied throughout the development and manufacturing of the IEDs. Parts
stress analysis in R&D, rigorous component supplier selection, and a shipping carton compliant with ISTA
protection requirements are all examples of best-practice to maximise long-life reliability. All circuit boards
have harsh environmental coating, to resist moisture, salt, corrosive atmosphere and industrial ambient
pollution - as standard. Circuit board production uses in-circuit tests, boundary scanning, built-in self test,
automated optical inspection, and X-ray scanning to achieve maximum test coverage.
Figure 2 depicts the software scalability of models, within the overall superset of the range functionality.
The strong P40 family identity offers high customer familiarity, with minimal training requirements.
Cyber-security
The sophistication of protection schemes, coupled with the
advancements of technology, increasingly leads to devices and
substations being interconnected with open networks, such as the
internet or corporate-wide networks. This introduces a potential
security risk making the grid vulnerable to cyber-attack, which could
in turn lead to electrical outage. To secure communication within such
environments, MiCOM P14N, P14D and P94V offer NERC-compliant
cyber security.
207
Hardware
All models offer: Figure 3
■■ Space-saving 4U height and Example P40 Agile standard hardware (P14D)
20TE (4”) or 30TE (6”) case sizes
■■ A front USB port and a rear
RS485 port
■■ Power-up diagnostics and
continuous self-monitoring
■■ 8 opto-isolated binary inputs,
B) watchdog contacts
208
Substation Automation Solutions | P40 Agile
HARDWARE OVERVIEW
FUNCTIONS P14NB P14NZ P14DB P14DG P14DL P14DZ P14VB P14VP
2nd Rear port hardware options RS485 RS485 RS485 RS485 RS485 RS485 RS485 RS485
IRIG-B hardware options Option Option Option Option Option Option Option Option
Communication protocols IEC-103, IEC 61850, Modbus, Courier, DNP3, or DNP3 Ethernet IEC-103, Modbus,
Courier, or DNP3
Digital inputs min./max. hardware options 8/13 8/13 8/13 8/13 8/13 8/13 8 8
Output relays min./max. hardware options 8/12 8/12 8/12 8/12 8/12 8/12 8 8
CT (AC Current inputs: 1 and 5A software selectable 3ph + N 3ph + N 3ph + N 3ph + N 3ph + N 3ph + N
The numbers in the table denote the number of elements or stages available
209
Substation Automation Solutions | P40 Agile
210
Substation Automation Solutions | P60 Agile
P60 Agile
Feeder protection
P60 Agile enhances Alstom’s range of IEDs by
providing a ‘One Box solution’ for protection, control
and monitoring of electrical power systems.
Customer benefits
■■ Bay visibility: large HMI with configurable views
■■ One box solution: protection, control and measurements
■■ Integration into existing substation automation:
compartment
211
Compact | Multifunction | Versatile
P60 Agile One Box solutions
The P60 range is suitable as main or backup protection for a wide range of typical applications and
covers all common power system earthing arrangements such as solid, resistive, or resonant earthing
and isolated networks. The colour touch-screen HMI with provision for bay mimic display and integrated
control / interlocking functions maximises the application range of the P60 family. The fully programmable
nature of P60 Agile makes it an extremely versatile and cost effective solution for all switchgear applications
with varied protection requirements.
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Substation Automation Solutions | P60 Agile
Switchgear control
The P60 Agile offers comprehensive switchgear control, aided by
the dynamic single-line-diagram display, ON/OFF switching via the
function keys and programmable bay and inter-bay interlocks. Up to
five (5) switchgear elements may be switched by the P60 Agile bay
control models. The single line diagram for the bay or a subset of the
substation, along with relevant data such as measurements or alarms,
may be generated by the user via the P60 configuration tool, aided by
Example single line diagram (SLD)
integrated graphical icons. Remote controls are facilitated by the relay’s
display
SCADA communication interfaces.
The provision of such powerful control capacity within the relay (the
“one box” concept) negates the need for external control, switches
and annunciation on the panel. Equipment cost and panel engineering
time is reduced. For ease of operability and security of the command,
dedicated open and close push buttons are provided on the P60 Agile
front panel.
213
Dynamic grid support with customisable triggering
The P60 is designed with the logic, interlocking and bypass
need for availability of modern features for each control action
high voltage and medium (eg: opening, closing, earthing)
voltage networks in mind. In associated with the switchgear
the event of single or multiple element.
short circuits in medium or high
User-programmable alarm
voltage networks, immediate
conditions can trigger on-screen
mains decoupling of distributed Simplicity of logic programming
customised text alarms. Each text
generation may be allowed only provided by P60 Agile
field can be up to 40 characters,
under specific conditions defined
enabling alarms to be simple
by the operators.
and explicit for maintenance/
Rear communications
operational personnel.
The P60 Agile includes custom P60 Agile has 3 rear serial
functions for fault ride- Each alarm, and each entry in communications ports, operating
through with up to ten (10) the event record can be colour- at Baud rates up to 57.6 kbit/s.
permissible voltage dips and highlighted to correspond Port 1 is dedicated for MODBUS,
for reactive power direction with the urgency, or customer Port 2 for IEC 60870-5-103
protection, and has been KEMA classification desired. (optional) and Port 3 for Profibus
certified in accordance with DP (optional). IEC 61850 is
Four alternative settings groups
the requirements of the BDEW available, with single port point-
are provided, such that P60
utilities’ standard, Germany. point connection, and RSTP
Agile may adapt to switched or
redundant options. Accurate time
Functional Overview emergency feeding scenarios.
synchronisation can be achieved
Programmable Logic Control Front port setting and using IRIG-B or SNTP.
(PLC) interrogation
Fast IEC 61850 GOOSE
The P60 Agile relays feature The USB front port provided on
128 GOOSE inputs and 128
comprehensive programmable the P60 Agile relay is used for
GOOSE outputs are available,
logic, with logic gates, flip- the configuration of settings,
offering best-in-class GOOSE
flops, counters, timers and logic, and other downloadable
performance (typically 1.5 ms
timed switches. Users can data. An additional min-USB
response time, class P3).
customise the logic associated port is available at the side of
with protection functions via the the housing which provides the Overcurrent protection
PLC, combining outputs from same functionality as the front There are six stages of
the function block, binary input USB port. Alternatively, setting overcurrent protection provided
signals and and inter-device and interrogation may be made in the P60 Agile family, with
signals (IEC 61850 GOOSE) in from the menu system accessible a choice of definite time, IEC
the PLC. Up to 500 logic gates on the front HMI. Password Inverse or ANSI Inverse curves
can be programmed. protection is provided, with the for time-coordinated tripping.
touch-screen providing a virtual The overcurrent protection
Configuration of breaker or keypad display for fast entry of features also include reset curves,
switchgear element control the password. blocking inputs and harmonic
utilises similar logic capability, stabilisation to facilitate a variety
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Substation Automation Solutions | P60 Agile
of protection schemes. The Protection functions are conveniently referenced according to their
function may be directionalised IEEE/ANSI function number.
in relay models with three-phase
voltage inputs. P60 AGILE PROTECTION FUNCTION OVERVIEW
Earth fault protection ANSI FUNCTION P161 P162 P163
The earth fault protection 51/51N IDMT overcurrent/earth fault protection * * *
functions in the P60 Agile
51SEF Sensitive earth fault * * *
include sensitive earth fault,
wattmetric earth fault, neutral 50/50N Definite time overcurrent/earth fault protection * * *
voltage displacement and 68 Inrush blocking * * *
neutral admittance protection in 50BF Breaker failure protection * * *
addition to the standard residual
67 Directional overcurrent protection *
current based protection. All the
functions have multiple stages 67N Directional earthfault protection * *
and permit flexible scheme Neutral admittance * *
configuration with instantaneous 59N Residual overvoltage * *
(start) and timed event outputs.
59 Overvoltage *
Voltage protection 27 Undervoltage *
The P163 provides
27T Fault ride-through (BDEW) *
comprehensive overvoltage and
undervoltage protection, with up 27Q Reactive power support (BDEW) *
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Platform Overview HMI
216
Substation Automation Solutions | P60 Agile
217
Substation Automation Solutions | P60 Agile
Records
The P60 Agile relay records up to
3000 sequence of events records
in a FIFO buffer. Time-tagging
is to a resolution of 1 ms.
Disturbance recording stores the
analogue waveforms and binary
signal data to allow in-depth
post-fault analysis. Typically ten
disturbance records are stored.
Alarm management
The P60 features include
extensive alarm management
capability, keeping in view its
role as the protection, control
and measurement device for
a bay. The HMI display has a
configurable Alarms page, which
is opened on occurance of any
alarm. Alarm names may be
configured by the user, along
with a software LED which helps
the user to recognise the alarm
status - whether it is active,
active and acknowledged or
inactive and not acknowledged.
The configuration tool allows
the user to derive alarms as a
combination of events available ALSTOM GRID: FEEDER DEVICE TRACK RECORD
in the relay data model; up to CDG - Forerunner of feeder developments undertaken by Alstom since 1949
449 alarms may be defined, and
MCGG - World’s first mass-produced digital relay
allocated to alarm groups for
efficiency. KCGG/KCEG - First fully-numerical overcurrent relay launched in 1992 and
sold over 20 000 units
P14x MiCOM series introduced in 1999. Worldwide application, with over
95 000 units delivered
P40 Agile launched in 2012
P60 Agile brings one-box protection and control to the range
218
Substation Automation Solutions | DAPserver ™
DAPserver TM
Customer benefits
■■ Improves system availability and reliability
■■ Improves system security and risk management
■■ Enables effective decision making
management staff
■■ Complements SCADA host with detailed information
219
DAPserverTM – product features and functionality
The DAPserver™ provides:
■■ Power PC substation hardened hardware platforms:
■■ DAPmini™, DAP-100, DP-300
■■ Built-in real-time database to support the distribution of data for multiple users through serial
220
Substation Automation Solutions | DAPserver ™
221
Substation Automation Solutions | DAPserver ™
The ASAT DAPserver™ product line is designed for electric power ■■ IEC 61850 IED integration
substation and industrial power systems. DAPserver™ has the ■■ User-friendly configuration tools
FLEXIBILITY to build a RELIABLE, SCALABLE and VERSATILE system to ■■ Substation HMI
meet your substation automation needs.
■■ Substation cyber security
Asset Management
■■ IED and sensor integration
information
Substation Cyber Security
■■ NERC CIP features
■■ Authorisation - Multi-level
DAP-100
access privileges
■■ Audit Trail - Security Event Log
DAP-300
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Substation Automation Solutions | Protection
MiCOM S1 Agile
Graphical, universal,
intuitive
MiCOM S1 Agile is the truly universal IED
engineering toolsuite. No-longer are separate tools
required for redundant Ethernet configuration,
phasor measurement unit commissioning, busbar
scheme operational dashboards, programmable
curve profiles or automatic disturbance record
extraction – all applications are embedded.
Customer benefits
■■ Configuration file creation and management, following the
substation topology
■■ Ethernet and IEC 61850 configuration, including SCL
S1 Agile
223
Redefining the engineering toolsuite for your IEDs
MiCOM S1 Agile is the next step enhancement from MiCOM S1 Studio, encompassing all of its functionality
plus new tools and features, to become the complete successor. It underlines Alstom’s R&D investment in
usability: assembling all tools in a palette for simple entry, with intuitive navigation via fewer mouse-clicks.
MiCOM S1 Agile supports all existing MiCOM ranges, K-Series and Modulex, including a utility for automatic
conversion of setting files from previous generations of numerical relays like K-series and MiCOM P20 to the
latest P40 Agile models.
MiCOM S1 Agile will automatically import your datamodels and configured systems/projects from Studio and
all files remain backward-compatible.
S1 Agile offers a fresh new look - functions and components are presented as “tiles” rather than menu items
for more intuitive use.
224
Substation Automation Solutions | Protection
www.alstom.com/grid/micomrequest
225
Substation Automation Solutions | Protection
226
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile H Switches
DS Agile H Series
Secure and reliable
Ethernet switches
The H series Ethernet switches use cutting-
edge redundancy protocols to offer superior
automation network availability and extremely fast
reconfiguration in the event of link failure.
Customer benefits
■■ Superior network availability
■■ Very fast network reconfiguration Bumpless with Dual
Homing Star and Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP).
■■ Easy to install and configure
■■ Monitoring capabilities
227
Substation Automation Solutions | DS Agile H Switches
Architecture
DS Agile’s H series is a complete portfolio of ethernet switches for
all substation automation applications covering: standalone DIN-rail
switches, embedded switches in protection relays and bay computers
and PCI internal switches for gateways and substation PC’s.
Alstom Grid’s Ethernet network architectures reduce the cost of
ownership, as embedded switches in Intelligent Electronic Devices
(IEDs) reduce the number of external switches required. This has
the advantage of reducing the overall power burden, reducing
the maintenance requirements, reducing the required number of
connections, improving communications availability and reducing
unwanted downtime.
228
Substation Automation Solutions
SAS conclusions
The new era of intelligent Smart Grids requires more sophisticated substation
automation systems which allow energy operators to provide a secure,
dependable and cost effective power supply to meet increasing customer
demands for higher standards of power automation.
As a world leader in substation automation solutions, Alstom is at
the forefront of developing systems which help energy operators optimise
the design, operation and maintenance of digital substations to meet the
demands of an ever-changing environment, through realtime intelligent
digital networks.
This interoperable and IEC 61850-compliant solution allows operators
to achieve a high level of availability and enhanced reliability of substation
equipment. It also provides full integration with control room network
monitoring and Smart Grid applications, such as network stability, wide-area
protection plans and online condition monitoring.
Through advanced, expert data processing, Alstom’s DS Agile and DAPserver
digital substation solutions reduce cables, improve flexibility and increase
reliability by preventing failures.
The range continues to grow, with cybersecurity and substation situational
awareness at the heart of the technology
229
Substation Automation Solutions
230
Online condition monitoring
Online condition
monitoring
231
Online condition monitoring
232
Online condition monitoring | MS 3000
MS 3000
Online condition
monitoring and expert
system
Transformers are critical to electrical power
systems. Their reliability and availability is the key
to profitable power generation and transmission
and continuous supervision is essential to evaluate
transformer performance and safe operating
conditions.
Customer benefits
■■ Decision-making support
■■ Cost-effective solution
■■ Customised solution based on standardised modules
■■ User-friendly interface
233
Take advantage of our experience Our commitment to your success gives you a high degree of flexibility
in transformer manufacturing. and reliability. While focussing on user-friendly operation, the MS
Decades of dedicated expert 3000 also provides maximal support to accurately assess your
knowledge has made us a world transformer - and our solution serves new and existing transformers
leader in power transformer of all makes.
monitoring systems.
A practical solution for real needs
The MS 3000 offers a complete solution as a one-stop concept:
■■ Data acquisition - fast and reliable
■■ Lifetime data management – high resolution when demanded;
expert knowledge
■■ Interface – visible quality in your own language
systems
■■ A report generator
■■ A simulator
■■ Sophisticated modelling
234
Online condition monitoring | MS 3000
the right time for the proper monitoring system should have. ■■ Bushing model
operation and maintenance of The Expert System software ■■ Overload model
your valuable equipment. The MS provides you with recommendations ■■ Cooling model
3000 saves you time, so that you and information concerning
can concentrate on other tasks transformer operation and service/
requiring more attention. maintenance.
235
A user-friendly solution
MS 3000 software
Our interactive, clearly structured interface is
user-friendly and easy to operate.
The straightforward messaging of alarms, warnings and
diagnostics proposes both a quick key data overview and
a deep look inside the transformer. The implemented web
server in the MS 3000 IED provides multilingual web pages
which can be accessed directly by ethernet, LAN or modem
connection without any proprietary software.
Various password protection levels give only specific users the
permission to access the data or to configure the system.
The visualisation software offers a user-friendly presentation of
online and historical data as well as numerous combinations of
graphs and zoom possibilities.
Using quick links, recommendations for preventive actions can be
obtained to optimise transformer operation or to initiate maintenance.
Report generator
The configurable report generator automatically creates user-friendly protocols with status information about the
transformer and its main components. This protocol can be generated on command or can be periodically created
and sent to a defined email address.
Simulator
The built-in simulator module allows the user to simulate external or transformer events and to study the
transformer’s behaviour as well as the monitoring system’s. The simulator can also be used for training site
personnel and engineers.
DGA-tool
Choose your preferred method to analyse the acquired dissolved gas data
according to MSS, Doernenburg, Rogers, extended Rogers,
IEC 60599, Duval or KeyGas methods. Also a risk classification, including
interaction recommendations, will be carried out according to IEEE
C57.104-1991. This tool allows you to enter and historically store your
transformer-related offline DGA (Dissolved Gas Analysis) data, including
Furfurol determination.
236
Online condition monitoring | MS 3000
237
Online condition monitoring | MS 3000
■■ Gas quantity and rate in Buchholz relay ■■ Digital status information, etc.
A tribute to quality
One of our key objectives in developing the next generation was to achieve the highest possible reliability
levels. To do this, we used the best available technology and components such as fanless IEDs (Intelligent
Electronic Devices) that operate with a redundant flash memory for life time data acquisition and storage, in
line with a proven bus technology for industrial applications.
The new MS 3000 provides a very reliable solution thanks to consistent project management and continuous
improvement. Multilingual documentation and interfaces are part of the constant quality process.
■■ Safety tests
238
Reference projects
239
Reference Project
240
Reference Projects
Reference Project
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Reference Project
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Reference Projects
Reference Project
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Grid-Sector-L4-DS_Sales_Handbook-2910-2013_05-EN © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given
or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is
subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
www.alstom.com
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