UPSC Preparation: Right to religion and State’s role

Introduction

All the countries in the world are more or less multicultural societies with heterogeneous
identities. As we witness the spread of democracy what becomes necessary for the survival and
success of democracy in these multicultural, multi religious, and multilingual societies is the
presence of the secular State. Although the definition of secularism in the West means separation
of state and Religion while in India secularism means every religion is treated equally. Yet the
basic fact remains true for both the definitions that State should be neutral and should not favor
one religion over the other. Now the question is how far a secular State should interfere?

Secularism in The West

France practices an active form of secularism called Laïcité, which not only prohibits public
exercise of religion but also actively separates public institutions from religious symbols,
expressions etc. The idea of secularism in France is embedded in the republican ideology of
liberty, Equality and Fraternity. Banning of head scarfs and other religious symbols is therefore a
way of upholding these ideas. However incidents like killing of journalists of ‘Charlie
Hebdo’ and refusal of many students to observe silence in the schools raises an important
question that whether this view of secularism has been able to promote the idea of equality,
liberty and fraternity or has marginalized the minority community.
Secularism in India

Indian Constitution gives Right to Religion as a fundamental right (under Article 25,26,27 and
28 )but reserves the right to regulate the religion for the purpose of maintaining public order ,
law and morality. It not only provides freedom to practice one’s own religion but also prohibits
public institutions like schools in imparting any religious instructions. Thus it is a mixture of
both world’s understanding of secularism. There are Hindu laws ,Muslim personal laws but these
are subject to law , public order and health. Time and again State as well as Judiciary has
intervened to bring social reforms ,eradicate evil practices .For example , in 1998 High Court
upheld the Haryana legislature’s order of disqualifying persons having more than two children
on the basis of health for women and social reform and ruled that it does not interfere with the
right to profess, practice or propagate the religion of one’s choice.

Other recent examples are ban of slaughter of animals in Hindu Temples By Himachal
Pradesh High Court. Ban on cultural festival called “jallikattu” of South India. Prohibiting
wearing of Burqa during medical examination etc. However the recent judgment of
Rajasthan High Court over Jain practice of “Santhara” in the In Nikhil Soni vs Union of
India, has raised the question of encroachment of fundamental right and the hidden question of
minority rights. In the above case the petitioner argued that the practice of ‘Santhara ‘ or
‘Sallekhna’( in which followers of Jainism ,in order to attain ‘Moksha’ vows to fast until death
once he/she realizes that the purpose of his /her life has been served ) goes against the
Fundamental right to life as well as section 306 and 309 of Indian penal code which makes
abatement to suicide and attempt to suicide a punishable offence.

According to the petitioner, this practice has become a way to get rid of the elderly people as
many time these are forced upon them equating it to the practice of ’Sati’. Therefore it is the
duty of the state to protect them.

The High Court took the stand that since the respondent failed to show that ‘Santhara’ is an
essential part of Jain’s religion therefore the State should take care to prevent its practice.

But if we examine the philosophy of Jainism, then ‘Nonviolence’ emerges as it’s fundamental
tenet. And Santhara revolves around this basic philosophy of non-violence in which the
practitioner decides to give up food and water gradually in order to do least harm to surrounding
ecosystem. This extreme act of non-violence leads to the salvation. What makes this issue more
complicated is that Jains have been given minority status prior to General Elections and now this
is seen as attack on minority rights.

Though Constitutionally India is a secular state but religion and politics are very closely linked
in india. We can see political leaders preaching religion and religious leaders appealing to
masses on political issues. Ban on beef in Maharashtra can be an issue of animal rights but it has
been linked to Hindu religion that the majority of Indians follow. Political identities and
religious identity often overlap in such situation. There are number of pressure groups, interests
groups based on religion for example –Vishwa Hindu Parishad , Bajrangdal etc. which are
affiliated or associated to political parties.
The Census 2011 data on Population by Religious Communities released recently and the hue
and cry over increase in population of Muslim Community and the dip in Hindu Population
below 80% shows this overlapping character. While the earlier government desisted from
releasing such data , this time it coincide with assembly elections in three states (Bihar, West
Bengal and Assam ) , with considerable Muslim population.

Conclusion

Preamble of India establishes the ideals which the State needed to pursue i.e to secure it’s people
liberty of thought , expression ,belief , faith and worship. With the 42nd Amendment Act word
“Secular” was added in the Preamble making it the core ideal of the state. Here secularism in
Indian context means both neutrality (Dharm nirapeksh ) and equality of religion
(sarvdharm sambhav ). Having long tradition association of religion with politics (religious
symbols ,festivals were invoked by national leaders during freedom struggle) a strict separation
is not possible. Also Indian society needs state intervention to bring social reforms and protect
it’s diversity. There is need to balance the rights of individuals and groups and the State’s right to
interfere keeping in mind the religion – polity relationship and the consequences for the
democratic political system.

Major branches of Physics

Acoustics It is the study of production and properties of sound

Atomic Physics It is the study of structure and properties of an atom.
Biophysics It applies tools of physics to life processes
Cryogenics It is the study of low-temperature
It is the analysis of relationship between electrostatic and magnetic
Electrodynamics
fields.
Fluid Physics It deals with movement of liquid and gases
Mechanics It deals with behaviour of object and system to various forces.
Nuclear/Modem It is concerned with structure and properties of atomic nucleus and
Physics their reactions.

Famous Scientists And Their Contributions

 Technologies Scientific Principal(s)
Steam engine Laws of thermodynamics
Nuclear reactor Nuclear fission
Radio and television Propagation of electromagnetic waves
Computers Distal logic
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Lasers
(population inversion)
Production of ultra-magnetic
Superconductivity
fields
Rocket propulsion Newton's law of motion
Electric generator Farday's Laws of electromagnetic induction
Hydroelectric power Conversion of gravitational potential energy into electric energy
Aeroplane Bernoull's principle in fluid dynamics
Particle accelerator Motion of charged articles in electromagnetic fields
Sonar Reflection of ultrasonic waves

Four Fundamental Forces In Nature

There are four fundamental forces in nature that govern the diverse phenomena of the
macroscopic and microscopic world. These different type of forces are:

 Gravitational force
 Electromagnetic force
 Strong nuclear force
 Weak nuclear force

The unification of different forces/domains in nature is a basic quest in physics, the gravitational
force is the force of mutual attraction between any two object's by virtue of their masses. It is a
universal force. The electromagnetic force is the force between charged particles. The strong
nuclear force is the force between protons and neutrons. The weak nuclear force appears only
in certain nuclear processes such as beta-decay of nucleus.

Nick name Place

 Golden City Amritsar
Manchester of India Ahmadabad
City of seven islands Mumbai
Sorrow of Bengal Damodar river
Sorrow of Bihar Kosi River
Blue Mountains Nilgiri
Queen of Arabian Sear Kochi
Space City Bengaluru
Garden City of India Bengaluru
Silicon valley of India Bengaluru
Electronic City of India Bengaluru
Pink City Jaipur
Gateway of India Mumbai
Twin City Hyderabad-Sikandarabad
City of festivals Mudurai
Deccan Queen Pune
City of Buildings Kolkata
Dakshin Ganga Godavari
Old Ganga Godavari
Egg bowls of Asia Andhra Pradesh
Soya region Madhya Pradesh
Manchester of the South Coimbatore
City of Nawabs Lucknow
Venice of the east Kochi
Queen of the Mountains Mussoorie (Uttarkhand)
Sacred river Ganga
Hollywood of India Mumbai
City of Castles Kolkata
State of five rivers Punjab
City of weavers Panipat
City of lakes Srinagar
Steel city of India Jamshedpur (called Tatanagar)
City of Temples Varanasi
Manchester of the north Kanpur
City of Rallies New Delhi
 Heaven of India Jammu & Kashmir
Boston of India Ahmadabad
Garden of spices of India Kerala
Switzerland of India Kashmir
Abode of the God Prayag (Allahabad)
Pittsburg of India Jamshedpur

FDI

Foreign Direct Investment

HIGHLIGHTS

 An industrial undertaking, i.e., a company with interests in industry can invest upto 24%
equity in a SSI unit.
 If the equity goes beyond 24%, the industrial unit loses its SSI status.
 There is no restriction on the extent of equity that can be held by a Non-resident Indian
(NRI) as an individual/partner in a SSI unit.
 Investors need to file an application with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in the
prescribed format and approval is ordinarily granted within 15 days.
 For foreign investment outside the automatic route, clearance has to be obtained from
Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB).
 Applications for setting up a 100% Export Oriented Unit are also required to be filed with
the SIA.
 For setting up a unit in an Export Processing Zone (EPZ), application has to be filed with
the Development Commissioner of the concerned EPZ.
 Under automatic procedures, foreign technology agreements are being permitted in
respect of industries that are designated as high priority industries.
 The use of foreign brand names and / or trade mark of goods is also now being permitted
freely.

FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY AGREEMENTS

Automatic permission is given for foreign technology agreements up to certain ceilings covering
the same high priority areas.

HIRING FOREIGN TECHNICIANS

 No government permission is necessary for hiring foreign technicians and full powers have been
delegated to the RBI.

Further Liberalisation in "FDI"

EQUAL TRATMENT IN PAYMENT OF ROYALTY

UNDER FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION

It has now been decided by the Government that all companies irrespective of the extent of
foreign equity in the shareholding, who have entered into foreign technology collaboration
agreements may henceforth be permitted on automatic approval route to make royalty payments
at 8% on exports and 5% on domestic sales without any restriction on the duration of the royalty
payments. The ceiling on payment of lumpsum fee/ royalty on the automatic route would continue
to apply in all cases.

Earlier only wholly owned subsidiaries were permitted to make payment of royalty at the same
rate to their offshore parent companies without any restriction on the duration of the royalty
payment.

A liberal policy for permitting investment of upto 100% equity wth full repatriation facilities in industrial
ventures in high priority industries by Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and Overseas Corporation Bodies
(OCBs) has been announced. It has also been decided to permit 100% NRI investment with full
repatriation benefits in Export/ Trading/ Star Trading House also.
REPATRIATION OF DIVIDENDS
India permits free repatriation of profits after payment
of the applicable taxes for all approved investments other than in few specified industries. In
these consumer goods industries, repatriation of profits is allowed only out of net foreign
exchange earnings during an initial period of seven years from the commencement of production.
However, there are procedural requirements for obtaining RBI approval for repatriation of Branch profits
or dividend by an Indian company which has more than 40 percent of equity. On disinvestment, capital
may be repatriated subject to the sale price being considered reasonable by the RBI and payment of
applicable taxes.
FOREIGN INVESTMENT PROMOTION BOARD
Government of India has established a Special Empowered Board called Foreign Investment Promotion
Board in the Ministry of Industry, to negotiate with large international firms and to approve direct foreign
investment in selected areas.
Objective
The objective of this Board will be to invite and facilitate investment in India by international companies in
projects which are considered to be of benefit to the Indian economy and do not fall within the parameters
of the existing policy for clearance of foreign investment proposals.
Functions
The functions of the Board shall mainly comprise:

 Expeditious clearance of proposals;

 Establishment of contact with and inviting selected international companies to invest in
India in appropriate ventures; and
 To periodically review the implementation of projects cleared by the Board. The Board
will provide a single window clearance for all aspects of project proposals considered by it. No
formal application forms are prescribed; the entrepreneur can directly correspond with the Board.

NRI Investment Approval

 Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) allowed to invest upto 100% equity with full benefits of
repatriation in most industry sectors.
 There is no restriction on the extent of equity that can be held by a Non-Resident Indian
(NRI) as an individual/partner in a SSI unit.
 NRIs and Overseas Corporate Bodies (OCB) predominantly owned by NRIs are allowed
to invest upto 100% foreign equity in high priority industries with full repatriation benefits.

To set up large industrial ventures in products reserved for the small scale sector, the unit has to take up
a 50% export obligation.

The Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2008

In India, insurance companies are not permitted to have foreign holding of more than 26%. This Bill
raises the limit to 49% and allows entry of foreign re-insurers (companies that insure insurance
companies). It also provides for permanent registration of insurance companies. It permits the holder of
a life insurance policy to name the beneficiary.

The Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2008 was introduced on December 22, 2008 in the Rajya Sabha.
The Bill was referred to the Standing Committee on Finance under the chairmanship of Shri Anant
Kumar. The Committee was scheduled to submit its report by the first day of the following session.

Highlights of the Bill

The Bill allows foreign investors to hold up to 49% of the capital in an Indian insurance company. It
allows for nationalised general insurance companies to raise funds from the capital markets.
Companies or co-operative societies in the life or general insurance business must have a minimum
equity capital of Rs 100 crore, while those in health insurance must have a minimum equity capital of Rs
50 crore.
An insurer cannot challenge a life insurance policy for any reason, after a period of five years.
Insurers who fail to meet their obligations with respect to underwriting third party motor insurance, or
underwriting policies in rural and social sectors or with vulnerable sections, face a fine of Rs 25 crore.
The Bill provides for appeals against decisions by Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority to lie
with the Securities Appellate Tribunal set up under the SEBI Act, 1992.
Key Issues and Analysis
The Bill provides for Lloyd’s of London to be included within the definition of a foreign company.
However, it is unclear whether the members of Lloyd’s who ultimately bear all risks of policies which are
written, will be able to operate in the country.
The IRDA Act, 1999 required Indian promoters of an insurance company to reduce their stake to 26%
over a period of ten years. The Bill does away with this requirement.
The Bill permits a policyholder to completely assign all rights under the policy to a third party, while
allowing an insurer to decline such a transfer. The validity of such transfers is under legal challenge.
While the Mumbai High Court has ruled that such transfers are valid, the case is currently facing appeal
in the Supreme Court.
While appeals against decisions by IRDA lie with the Securities Appellate Tribunal, the Bill does not
provide for the tribunal to appoint a member with experience in insurance law.
The Law Commission had suggested the merger of key provisions of the IRDA Act with the Insurance Act.
This has not been implemented.

Dr. Roman Saini was recently featured on YourStory, India’s biggest entrepreneurial
website. Read below to know more about his life at the IAS training academy LBSNAA in
Mussoorie

After you scrape through and find your name in the coveted “list” of UPSC-CSE successful
candidates, you have a two-and-a-half month ‘honeymoon’ period in July and August. This is the
period when you feel like a local celebrity with lots of media attention and pampering from the
entire family.
Neighbors, teachers, even old girlfriends treat you differently, now that you are a soon-to-be IAS
officer. This is a valuable lesson in opportunism, flattery and helps set your priorities straight.

Come September and life becomes an entirely different ball game. This is the beginning of the
“100-day foundation course,” the first part of the two-year training. The foundation course is
common for all civil servants from various disciplines.

One of the most important lessons we learnt was that we are not ‘ the elite.’ It’s vital for
bureaucrats and other power-wielding authorities to understand that others, no matter what their
stature in the government hierarchy, are human and to be treated with dignity and respect.

The course included lessons in law, management, accounting, history, polity and economics. We
also had guest speakers who were professors from top colleges, retired army generals, working
or retired civil servants, even authors and media persons. Our batch had Raghuram Rajan,
Gopalkrishna Gandhi, Shobhaa De, Gurcharan Das, Tom Alter, Nachiket Mor, Tushar Gandhi
and Sumanta Banerjee as speakers.
The training programme did not neglect our physical fitness and we had a mandatory session at 6
a.m every morning. Every Saturday in September, we were taken on a trek which typically
involved walking and climbing a total of 18-22 km from 8 am to 3 pm. You really curse yourself
while you are climbing the hills. But the scenic beauty and the sense of achievement one feels on
reaching the top is really worth the effort.

We visited Kempty Falls, Benog hills (best view in Mussoorie), Lal Tibba hills, known for its
blood sucking leeches. Yes, you read it right, I personally sprayed half a kilo of salt on myself
and still a leech attached to me.

We also had a week-long Himalayan trek. My group went to Uttarkashi. We walked and climbed
90 kms in one week, ate food with live worms, slept on the ground, including tents, stayed for 2
days at a height of 4500 m. It is both, literally and metaphorically, the high point of our course.

We didn’t get a break after the arduous trek as we had to submit assignments, essays, book
reviews, and appear for the dreadful mid-term examination on 22/10/2014.

The most profound part of the training came after the exams. All trainees were sent for a village
visit, where we were supposed to stay, and to have a taste of real-life practical problems faced by
the villagers on a day-to-day basis.

Our group went to a village in Moradabad, named Kaderpur. It was relatively well-developed but
was quite a sensitive area. We were all skeptical about how we would manage without modern
amenities. But, the stay was an eye-opener for all of us.
We visited and gauged the functioning of primary healthcare centres, village schools, panchayat
functioning. We went to the farms and observed the cropping patterns. Every piece of land was
covered by sugarcane and rice.

Living among the poorest of the poor, observing their daily struggle for basic amenities, was an
experience that made us realize what we are here to do. It reminded me of a stay in 2011 when as
a medical student I went to Dayalpur village, merely 50 km from the national capital. That’s
where I realized problems of the poor are solved not by medicine but by providing them with
proper civic amenities and nutrition. That experience pushed me towards IAS. Life came full
circle.

To conclude, I felt privileged and humbled to be trained at LBSNAA, Mussoorie. The sense of
pride you get when you realize that all the senior civil servants who took all the major decisions,
made policies marking paradigm shifts and that influenced the very fabric of Indian society,
economy and polity and in-turn, laid the founding stone of present day modern India.

If this was not enough, the fact that we have to fill their shoes, carry forward and improve upon
their work further fills us with feeling of tremendous responsibility and patriotism.

Aadhar

The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) accountable for realizing the AADHAAR plan, a
unique recognition scheme. It was recognized in 2009, February & will possess & functions the Unique
Identification Number record. The power intends to offer an exclusive id number to every Indian, and it
is not a smart cards. Database of people’s biometric & different records will be maintained by the
authority.

The organization is headed through a chairman, and he will have a cabinet position. The UIDAI is division
of the Indian Planning Commission. Previous Infosys Technologies’ co-chairman Nandan Nilekani, was
selected as the 1st authority Chairman in 2009, June. IAS Officer of Government of Jharkhand, Mr. Ram
Sewak Sharma, is Authority’s Director General & Mission Director.
Salient features of Aadhaar
Aadhaar is a twelve digit exclusive number that the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) will
provide for every Indian citizen (on a charitable basis). The numeral will be stockpiled in a centralized
record & coupled to the essential demographics & biometric knowledge – photograph, 10 fingerprints &
iris – of every person. It is effortlessly confirmable through online, cost- efficient method. It is exclusive
& vigorous sufficient to abolish the huge number of copy & forged uniqueness in government & private
records. The arbitrary number produced will be devoid of any categorization depending on caste, faith,
religion & topography.
Pre Launch
Prior to being given with infrastructure of government, a core growth panel was collected mainly of non-
resident Indians who returned to India only for this scheme. The Wall Street Journal named this as
Dream Team of Nilekani. The core group incorporated Srikanth Nadhamuni, Pramod Varma, Wyly
Wade, Salil Prabhakar, amid several different. Mainly the tech gurus who planned the exclusive ID
scheme were of Indian-origin, & volunteered to assist the attempt without charge. This first group given
the alpha edition of the software, the plan & ran the evidence of idea in the countryside.
Launch
On September 29, 2010 in Maharashtra state UIDAI started AADHAAR plan in the ethnic village, Tembhli,
in Shahada, Nandurbar. The plan was launched by Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh beside with UPA
president Sonia Gandhi. The 1st inhabitant to get an AADHAAR was Tembhli village’s Rajana Sonawane.
Name and Logo

UID scheme is recognized as AADHAAR' which means 'support' or 'foundation’ & its symbol is a yellow
sun that has in its centre fingerprint entrenched. Atul Sudhakar Rao Pande designed the logo.

- See more at: http://policy-updates.blogspot.in/2014/12/aadhar.html#sthash.ExH0nP1C.dpuf

Coaching
My strategy for UPSC Prelims

I cleared the prelims exam twice. I cleared without attending any classes, and by studying on weekends
while I was working full time. This year again prelims 2014 Again most probably i will clear but I learnt a
few things along the way that I wish someone told me earlier! So sharing coz many has asked me abt
how to start this journey !
Tip 1. Do not read books from cover to cover.
When I had just started preparing for the UPSC exams, I would pick up a book and start reading it from
the first page. I would read till like the 30th page, get bored, and then put the book aside for a while.
When I picked it up later, I would forget what I read earlier. This went on for a while till I realized there
was no progress.
Instead, here is what I suggest you do– read a book with a specific purpose. Before you pick up the book,
you should have an answer to this question– “what do I expect to learn from this book today?”. This will
help you navigate the book better. Go straight to the pages that will give you what you need, read
selectively, write notes and stash the book away till you need it for a different topic!
For example, don’t just pick up Spectrum Modern India and start reading it from the preface till the last
page (that’s exactly what I tried to do the first time). Instead, first figure out a list of topics that you need
to cover in modern Indian history. Then pick up your book to tackle a specific topic, like “Causes and
Consequences of the 1857 Revolt”. That way, you spend your time more purposefully. You will be able
to better track what you have read and what you have yet to cover.

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Tip 2. Laxmikanth’s Indian Polity is an exception.
All rules have exceptions. Laxmikanth is one book that you could read from cover to cover. This book is
organized as per the requirements of the prelims exam, and has helped me answer 16 questions in 2012
and 8-10 questions in 2013*.
But two important things to note here: read this book repeatedly, and pay attention to detail.
UPSC likes to ask us “edge case” questions and questions that we could easily mark wrong if we read the
book only superficially. For example, 2013 Prelims had a question on whether the Attorney General can
be a member of a Parliamentary Committee. It is difficult to remember this if you only read Laxmikanth
once. Another question was on whether nominated members of the Rajya Sabha can vote in Vice
Presidential elections. The one-time-reader is susceptible to marking this incorrectly unless attention
was paid to the detail that nominated members cannot vote in Presidential elections, but can vote in VP
elections.
*Note: I am recommending Laxmikanth just because that is the book that I used for Polity. If you have
an equivalent book by another author, that should do as well. I also read DD Basu, but found that a) it
was more analytical/dense, b) not as well organized as Laxmikanth (it is good for Mains, though).

Tip 3. Economy questions are the easiest to get right

Economy may be daunting to some, but the questions are based on your conceptual understanding of
macroeconomics. If you have this conceptual clarity, you can answer every single question accurately,
without having to memorize boatloads of data! So invest time in understanding the concepts and
analyzing how all the parts fit together.
What to study in economy?
1*. GDP (factor cost/production method, market price/expenditure method, income method. Don’t just
read definitions, analyze! When do we use one method vs. another? How will each method give us a
different value?)
2. GNP (compare with GDP. When are the two different?)
3. NNP/NDP (why deduct depreciation?)
4*. Inflation (demand pull and cost push. Structural. Headline and core. CPI and WPI. Phillips curve,
stagflation and skewflation. Why has inflation remained persistently high in India?)
5*. Monetary tools to combat inflation (there is always a question from this area) – CRR, SLR, Repo,
open market operations, government securities and treasury bills.
6. Nominal vs real GDP/GNP/Net National Income etc. (i.e., current prices vs constant prices.)
6a. Base year selection (why does this matter? Why did we recently update to 2004-05 and are now
planning to update to 2011-12? Aren’t we eroding the value of “constant” prices if we keeping changing
the base year frequently?)
6b. GDP deflator. Just the definition here.
7*. MSME industries- also just the definition and current thresholds
8*. Budget process (you may have this covered in Polity already. Look at FRBMA goals also)
9*. Deficits in the budget- fiscal, primary, revenue, primary revenue, effective revenue
9a. Deficit financing (monetizing vs borrowing)
10. Balance of Payments- current account and capital account.
11*. Current Account Deficit. Financing it with capital inflows.
12. FDI, FII, ECBs.
13. Capital account convertibility
14. Currency- fixed vs floating. LERMS (Liberalized Exchange Rate Management System).
15. Why is the rupee in a free fall? How is this good/bad for India? Why are some countries
competitively devaluing their currencies (“currency war”)? NEER and REER if you have the time.
16*. Demographic Transition Theory (another area which frequently shows up in the exam)
17. Banking: all the stuff under #5 above + base rate, priority sector lending, NPAs, SARFAESI Act. No
need to go into excessive detail. Read any conceptual stuff that shows up in the newspapers.
18*. National Manufacturing Policy (asked in both Prelims and Mains last year). Maybe also look at the
National Minerals Policy this year.
19. Savings and investment rates (both expressed as % of GDP). First understanding how they are
different. India has a higher investment rate than savings rate. How is that possible?
20*. Taxation- may be important this year due to GST. (direct and indirect. progressive and regressive.
Pigovian. VAT, GST)
21*. RGESS may show up this year. Keep on the lookout for such current-affairs related topics.
22*. Inclusive growth. Maybe focus on gender inclusion.
23. Agricultural subsidies, PDS, Food Security.
Now, whenever you pick up any book on Economy, instead of reading it cover to cover, you can use this
list to study according to Tip 1 above. I would recommend Ramesh Singh’s book, just because it is
organized better than other Economy books.
After reading all the above concepts, understand how things link up. How are growth–inflation–fiscal
deficit–poverty–rupee value–current account deficit etc. all related? If RBI increases the CRR, for
example, what effect would it have on all of these?
There were around 10 questions from Economy in both 2012 and 2013!
Note: I have left out several things you find in Economy books, like Planning, details on Indian
Agriculture and Industry etc. I do not think these are as important, but you can cover them if you like
Economy, or if you have a lot of time in your hands.

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Tip 4. Tackle History smartly
I did not read Ancient history. I feel like it is too vast with a ton of facts to memorize, plus only 1-2
questions ever show up. So the return on investment is low.
Rather, focus on Modern India and study it thoroughly. By thoroughly, I do not mean picking up a
History book and reading it cover to cover. Instead, split the syllabus into chunks and read+revise each
chunk smartly.
What to study in History?
Political developments: starting from the Regulating Act of 1773 to Indian Independence Act of 1947.
Pay attention to detail because this is another area where “edge-case” type questions are asked. Sample
questions– when did Communal Electorates begin? When was the Central Assembly made bicameral?
And you can have multiple options questions like– Which of the following were introduced in the Minto-
Morley reforms? You will be given some 5-6 options, and given permutations of those to pick from.
1857 to Pre-congress: there are some facts here about early political organizations etc.
Pre-Gandhian INC: Bengal Partition and Swadeshi movement, Moderate vs. Extremist Debate
Early Gandhian: Champaran, Ahmedabad Mill Strike, Kheda
Gandhian INC: this is the biggest chunk. Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement,
Round Table Conferences, Quit India Movement etc.
Non-INC / “parallel threads” in the Freedom struggle: revolutionary movements, tribal and Peasant
uprisings, Ambedkar, INA etc.
Pay special attention to the participation of women and Indians abroad.
Also go through social reforms that were happening in parallel, cover all religions.
How to study History?
Don’t just read through Spectrum like a novel. Read purposefully. Make a one-page note for each event,
where you note Causes-Consequences-Important Personalities. At the end, you will have around 40
pages of these which will make revision more efficient. Revise often.
Studying Indian History this way should help you answer another 8-10 questions.

Tip 5. Focus on the basics for Geography

Study physical geography well, because it is conceptual and therefore will not fail you during the exam.
You should be able to get at least 5 physical geo questions on the exam if you study the “Fundamentals
of Physical Geography” NCERT XI textbook thoroughly.
Cover latitudes and longtitudes, layers of the atmosphere, pressure belts, types of rainfall (convection,
orographic, frontal), monsoons, ocean currents, jet streams, different types of rainfall etc. Pretty basic
stuff.
I know geography can be covered more thoroughly than that, but I hate memorizing stuff so I didn’t go
any deeper into things like names of dams, tributaries etc.

Tip 6. Study the above areas in depth, and the rest in breadth
The rest of the areas in Paper 1, like environment, culture, social issues etc. do not have a predictable
base from which questions are asked. So you have to cast a wider net here. Don’t stress out too much
about these, just stay curious and read whatever you can lay your hands on. Like wikipedia articles,
coaching centre notes, blogs etc.
For environment, Vajiram’s booklet was nice and concise. I also searched online for endangered and
critically endangered species in India. Then I looked up to see what the basic criteria are for classifying
species as “endangered” or “vulnerable”. I also searched for some government initiatives, like Project
Tiger, Project Snow Leopard etc. There were some 4 questions I could attempt based on this.

Tip 7: Guess smartly, but not indiscriminately

After you have attempted all of your “sure shot” questions in Paper 1, you will have plenty of time left in
your hands! Spend this time to go back to other questions.
Now, follow this process to smart guess:
1. Read the question carefully. More importantly, study the options carefully.
2. Can you confidently eliminate any of the options based on your preparation?
2. Can you eliminate any options based on common sense?
3. If you have eliminated at least 2 options, only then should you guess between the remaining two.
Otherwise, leave the question. This restraint is essential, unless you want to end up with a negative
score.
See this example from Prelims 2013:
Question: Due to improper/indiscriminate disposal of old and used computers or their parts, which of
the following are released into the environment as e-waste?
1. Beryllium
2. Cadmium
3. Chromium
4. Heptachlor
5. Mercury
6. Lead
7. Plutonium
Options:
a) 1,3,4,6 and 7
b) 1,2,3,5 and 6
c) 2,4,5 and 7
d) 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7
Now I didn’t read up about this, so I had no clue. BUT common-sense suggests that Plutonium, which is a
heavy, unstable and radioactive element, cannot be released. So if I eliminate option 7, I am left with
only one possible answer, which is b!
There are always 2 or 3 such questions, so be on the lookout.
CSAT BookList Suggested By Toppers >> Click Here
Tip 8: How many questions should you attempt in Paper 1?
Obviously, you must first attempt all the questions that you are sure about. If you focus on Polity,
Economy, History and Geography as mentioned above, you will be able to attempt at least 40 questions.
That should give you around 60-80 marks, based on your accuracy. Now the challenge is to take this up
to 100+ marks.
In your second round, go back and attempt all the questions where you can reasonably eliminate at
least 2 options. You should be able to get another 40 questions that way. Accounting for negative
marking, this should get you well above 100 marks.
At the very end, I generally mark a few questions where I have a good “gut feeling” too, but do this at
your own risk!

CSAT BookList Suggested By Toppers >> Click Here

Tip 9: One simple rule for Paper 2: PRACTICE!
You won’t believe how many people end up running out of time because they get stuck on one math
question, or read a passage for too long trying to figure out one ambiguous question. All your timing
woes can be avoided if you practice enough.
I suggest you set this as a baseline: practice as many tests as you need to, until you are able to
consistently score above 150 in CSAT.
What books should you read? I got the TMH manual for CSAT in 2011, it was pretty good. It had some 8
tests in the end, which were pretty good. It looks like TMH’s latest edition is much fatter and much
pricier! I haven’t tried any other manuals, but look through all of them and make your own call.

- See more at: http://iasipsgyan.blogspot.in/2014/12/my-strategy-for-upsc-ias-prelims-

raz.html#sthash.TPl13exs.dpuf

BRUNEI CM KE LIPS PE TMV

1. BRUNEI
2. C - Cambodia
3. M - Myanmmar
ke
4. L - Laos
5. I - Indonesia
6. P - Philippians
7. S - Singapure
PE
8. T - Thailand
9. M - Malasiya
10. V - Vietnam

1. Alipore bomb case=

2. Delhi conspiracy case=
3. Lahore cons. case (1st)=
4. Reshmi rumal cons. Case =
5. Peshwar cons. Case (1st bolshevik)=
6. Kanpur (2nd bolshevik)=
7. Kakori=
8. Dakshineshwar boma mamla=
9. Meerut=
10. Lahore=
11. Mechuabazar=

1. 1908 2. 1914 3. 1915 4. 1916 5. 1923 6. 1924 7. 1925 8. 1925 9-11 sob gulo 1929

DANCES OF INDIA

Bharat Natyam – Tamil Nadu;

Bihu – Assam;
Bhangra – Punjab
Chhau – Bihar, Orissa, W. Bengal and Jharkhand;
Garhwali – Uttaranchal;
Garba – Gujarat;
Hattari – Karnataka;
Kathak – North India;
Kathakali – Kerala;
Kutchipudi – Andhra Pradesh;
Khantumm – Mizoram;
Karma – Madhya Pradesh;
Laho – Meghalaya;
Mohiniattam – Kerala;
Mando – Goa;
Manipuri – Manipur;
Nati – Himachal Pradesh;
Nat-Natin – Bihar;
Odissi – Orissa;
Rauf – Jammu & Kashmir;
Yakshagan – Karnataka.

50 NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA

[1] Anshi National Park --------- Karnataka
[2] Bandipur National Park ----------- Karnataka
[3] Bannerghatta National Park --------- Karnataka
[4] Balphakram National Park ------- Meghalaya
[5] Bandhavgarh National Park --------- Madhya Pradesh
[6] Betla National Park --------- Jharkhand
[7] Bhitarkanika National Park ------- Odisha
[8] Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar -------- Gujarat
[9] Buxa Tiger Reserve -------- West Bengal
[10] Campbell Bay National Park --------- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
[11] Chandoli National Park --------- Maharashtra
[12] Dachigam National Park ------- Jammu and Kashmir
[13] Darrah National Park --------- Rajasthan
[14] Desert National Park -------- Rajasthan
[15] Dibru-Saikhowa National Park --------- Assam
[16] Dudhwa National Park --------- Uttar Pradesh
[17] Eravikulam National Park -------- Kerala
[18] Galathea National Park --------- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
[19] Gangotri National Park --------- Uttarakhand
[20] Gir Forest National Park --------- Gujarat
[21] Gorumara National Park -------- West Bengal
[22] Govind Pashu Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary ------ Uttarakhand
[23] Great Himalayan National Park ------- Himachal Pradesh,
[24] Gugamal National Park -------- Maharashtra
[25] Guindy National Park -------- Tamil Nadu
[26] Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park ---------- Tamil Nadu
[27] Hemis National Park --------- Jammu and Kashmir
[28] Harike Wetland ------- Punjab
[29] Hazaribagh National Park ------- Jharkhand
[30] Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park -------- Tamil Nadu
[31] Indravati National Park ------- Chhattisgarh
[32] Jaldapara National Park ------- West Bengal
[33] Jim Corbett National Park -------- Uttarakhand
[34] Kalesar National Park ------ Haryana
[35] Kanha National Park ------- Madhya Pradesh
[36] Kanger Ghati National Park -------- Chhattisgarh
[37] Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park -------- Telangana
[38] Kaziranga National Park ------ Assam
[39] Keibul Lamjao National Park ------ Manipur
[40] Keoladeo National Park --------- Rajasthan
[41] Khangchendzonga National Park ------- Sikkim
[42] Kishtwar National Park --------- Jammu and Kashmir
[43] Kudremukh National Park ------- Karnataka
[44] Madhav National Park ------- Madhya Pradesh
[45] Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park ------- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
[46] Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park ------- Telangana
[47] Manas National Park ------ Assam
[48] Mandla Plant Fossils National Park -------- Madhya Pradesh
[49] Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch ------- Gujarat
[50] Mathikettan Shola National Park ------- Kerala

My WBCS interview experience

This might be an audacity as I am yet to clear the interview, still I am posting this as this might
help other aspirants in their persuasion of ultimate goal.
I was in Board I yesterday. There were 4 members and I knew none of them beforehand. The
duration was almost about an hour.
Me: Good afternoon Ma’am – Good afternoon sir…
M1: Good afternoon – please take your seat
M1: (after giving me a cold look) – Arjun, are you currently working?
Me: Yes sir – I am working in a private organization
M1: Tell me why do you want to join civil service – there are other unemployed people around.
You should give chance to them.
Me: Sir – I work with a private organization. Being said that, I work for their private goal of
profitability. Joining civil service is something related to serving the society and the country. I
always cherished a dream of serving the society. Due to reasons, I was not being able to do it till
date. Additionally, after all this is the best job I can get staying in my state.
M1: (Not convinced) What is your idea about civil service job – ummmm….achha tell me, what
do you know about your first posting?
Me: My first posting will be as BDO with officiating designation of DMDC.
M1: What does BDO do ?
I explained the roles & responsibility of BDO
M1: What is 3-tier Panchyat System ?
I Explained
M1: How many SDOs are there presently.
I don’t know sir
M1: Ok – Tell me the name of 5 universities of the state & their VC’s name.
I named 2-3 – rest I said – I don’t have any idea sir
M2: What do you know about Niti Ayog ?
I explained the function of Niti Ayog.
M2: No no – I was asking about meeting held few days back.
Me: Ma’am, three chief-ministers’ groups were formed with three different objective. One was
Swatch Bharat Abhijan. 2nd was on central projects – Third …… I forgot
M2: Tell me about MGNREGA
I explained
M2: Are you eligible for it ?
Me: This is a poverty alleviation program. I might not be eligible for it.
M2: Ok – where is Charida ?
Me: Ma’am – its in puruliya district
M2: Great – I thought you won’t be able to answer this ( Laughing)
Me: Actually Ma’am – I was there in that place few months back for a project work. Otherwise,
your assumption would have been correct (Smiled)
M2: What is your idea about Ajeevika Projest
I explained
M2: How many villages are there in west Bengal …
No Idea
M3: You are an engineer – tell me about your favorite subject
Me: Sir, I lost touch with my subjects as my present job is related to IT and not related to my
basics
M3: Means – you forgot your basics
Me: I am not in touch sir. I can’t tell you the formulas if you ask me. However, I can answer
conceptual questions.
M3: Oh really !!! – tell me the concept of Boiler
I fumbled
M3: Hmmm --- You didn’t remember anything. Ok tell me about article 249. (Then he asked 7-8
questions on constitution – I answered some, some I couldn’t)
M4: What is the brand of your shirt
Me: Van Hussain – Sir
M4: OK- Who is the owner of this brand
Me: Aditya Birla Group
M4: Are you sure?
Me: Yes Sir
M4: Do you have any extra curricular activities?
Me: Yes sir – In childhood, I learnt Swimming & Karate.
M4: Is karate an Olympic sports?
Me: Yes
M4: No – you are wrong. Judo is but Karate isn’t
Me: Oh
The chairman suddenly asked – who owned nobel in physics in 2014?
Me: Mr Nakamura from Japan
Chairman M1: About what thing they researched ?
Me: Something related to LED
M1: No no --- LED was discovered long back . Tell me, what they have done.
Me: I don’t know exactly sir.
Again M4: Ok – you are a swimmer. Tell me the name of one internationally reputed
swimmer…
(The worst answer- I gave – After 1 min – I answered Bachendri Paul )
M4: You are awfully wrong….
Me: Oh sorry sir – Arati Saha, she crossed English channel.
(I was already started feeling the heartbeat of mine now)
M4: Who wrote “ The antiquity”
Me: No idea- sir
M4: OK – tell me at least one incident where Rabindranath composed a song…
I answered the Jatin Das incident
Chairman M1: what is Akash ? who invented it ? What is national IT policy? What is cyber
crime? ( and some other IT related questions)
These were my domain – so I could answer properly.
Chairman: Thank you – you may go now
Me: Thank you sir – Thanks for your time.
50 NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA
50 NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA

[1] Anshi National Park --------- Karnataka

[2] Bandipur National Park ----------- Karnataka
[3] Bannerghatta National Park --------- Karnataka
[4] Balphakram National Park ------- Meghalaya
[5] Bandhavgarh National Park --------- Madhya Pradesh
[6] Betla National Park --------- Jharkhand
[7] Bhitarkanika National Park ------- Odisha
[8] Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar -------- Gujarat
[9] Buxa Tiger Reserve -------- West Bengal
[10] Campbell Bay National Park --------- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
[11] Chandoli National Park --------- Maharashtra
[12] Dachigam National Park ------- Jammu and Kashmir
[13] Darrah National Park --------- Rajasthan
[14] Desert National Park -------- Rajasthan
[15] Dibru-Saikhowa National Park --------- Assam
[16] Dudhwa National Park --------- Uttar Pradesh
[17] Eravikulam National Park -------- Kerala
[18] Galathea National Park --------- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
[19] Gangotri National Park --------- Uttarakhand
[20] Gir Forest National Park --------- Gujarat
[21] Gorumara National Park -------- West Bengal
[22] Govind Pashu Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary ------ Uttarakhand
[23] Great Himalayan National Park ------- Himachal Pradesh,
[24] Gugamal National Park -------- Maharashtra
[25] Guindy National Park -------- Tamil Nadu
[26] Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park ---------- Tamil Nadu
[27] Hemis National Park --------- Jammu and Kashmir
[28] Harike Wetland ------- Punjab
[29] Hazaribagh National Park ------- Jharkhand
[30] Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park -------- Tamil Nadu
[31] Indravati National Park ------- Chhattisgarh
[32] Jaldapara National Park ------- West Bengal
[33] Jim Corbett National Park -------- Uttarakhand
[34] Kalesar National Park ------ Haryana
[35] Kanha National Park ------- Madhya Pradesh
[36] Kanger Ghati National Park -------- Chhattisgarh
[37] Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park -------- Telangana
[38] Kaziranga National Park ------ Assam
[39] Keibul Lamjao National Park ------ Manipur
[40] Keoladeo National Park --------- Rajasthan
[41] Khangchendzonga National Park ------- Sikkim
[42] Kishtwar National Park --------- Jammu and Kashmir
[43] Kudremukh National Park ------- Karnataka
[44] Madhav National Park ------- Madhya Pradesh
[45] Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park ------- Andaman and Nicobar
Islands
[46] Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park ------- Telangana
[47] Manas National Park ------ Assam
[48] Mandla Plant Fossils National Park -------- Madhya Pradesh
[49] Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch ------- Gujarat
[50] Mathikettan Shola National Park ------- Kerala

1x8+1=9
12 x 8 + 2 = 98
123 x 8 + 3 = 987
1234 x 8 + 4 = 9876
12345 x 8 + 5 = 98765
123456 x 8 + 6 = 987654
1234567 x 8 + 7 = 9876543
12345678 x 8 + 8 = 98765432
123456789 x 8 + 9 = 987654321

1 x 9 + 2 = 11
12 x 9 + 3 = 111
123 x 9 + 4 = 1111
1234 x 9 + 5 = 11111
12345 x 9 + 6 = 111111
123456 x 9 + 7 = 1111111
1234567 x 9 + 8 = 11111111
12345678 x 9 + 9 = 111111111
123456789 x 9 +10= 1111111111

9 x 9 + 7 = 88
98 x 9 + 6 = 888
987 x 9 + 5 = 8888
9876 x 9 + 4 = 88888
98765 x 9 + 3 = 888888
987654 x 9 + 2 = 8888888
9876543 x 9 + 1 = 88888888
98765432 x 9 + 0 = 888888888

Brilliant, isn't it?

And look at this symmetry:

1x1=1
11 x 11 = 121
111 x 111 = 12321
1111 x 1111 = 1234321
11111 x 11111 = 123454321
111111 x 111111 = 12345654321
1111111 x 1111111 = 1234567654321
11111111 x 11111111 = 123456787654321
111111111 x 111111111 = 12345678987654321

A related expression is "Vox populi vox Dei" meaning the voice of the people is the voice of
God. It refers to the idea that the king or the government ought to pay attention to the voice of
the people.
Take a circle of radius 1. Inscribe a regular triangle in this circle. Inscribe a circle in this triangle.
Inscribe a square in it. Inscribe a circle, regular pentagon, circle, regular hexagon and so forth.
What is the radius of the circle formed when the process is carried forever (the radius of the
limiting circle)?

Digvijay Singh

20, India
Hey Guys... The question is copied from a wiki article... Found it beautiful so posted it... check it
out.

Challenge Master note:

TRICKS OF GEOGRAPHY:=
1. Countries Around Caspian Sea-
TRICK :- TARIK (date) words in ( ) just to make it easy.
Tajakistan, Azarbejaan, Russia, Iran, Kazakh
2. Cities Of Australia When Moving In Clockwise Direction
Trick : - B.S.C M.A. PhD
B risbane S ydney C anberra M albourne
A delaide P erth D arwin

3. UK UK is made of WINES
W-wales IN-Ireland North E- England S-scotland
4. OUR ISLAND OF JAPAN
TRICK :- hai hai sharukh khan
Hai - Hokkaido Hai – Honshu Sharukh – shikoku Khan – Kyushu
5. Trick for World lake
TRICK : - KAISI SUPERIOR VICTORIA ARE HUM MASINGUN TANG GREAT BANK KA
GREATSLAB WALE HAI
KAISI – CASPIAN SUPERIOR - SUPERIOR VICTORIA - VICTORIA ARE - ARAL
HUM - HURAL MASINGUN - MISIHIGUN TANG - TANGYNIKA GREAT - GREATBEAR
BANK - BAIKAL GREATSLAB – GREATSLAB
6. Origin place of river
TRICK : - Sbi-mansarover
S - satlaj B-bhramaputra I-indus
MNS-amarkantak M-mahanadi N-narmada S-son
7. Tributaries Of Ganga...
TRICK :- RAM GI , KALI GI , KAS MAHAN HOTE...
RAM---RAMGANGA GI------GOMTI KALI--- KALI or SARDA
GI------ GANDAK KAS---- KOSI MAHAN—MAHANANDA
north india pe jis river k naam pe "va" aata h (hindi ka) wo himachal se nikalti h ..
vaysh raavi aur chinva
River From South To North In Order
TRICK :- JASVIB MADHU
SutiaJ vyAS raVI chenaB jhelaM sinDHU
8. Length F Boundary India Shares In Decreasing Order
TRICK :- BACHPAN
Bangladesh China Pakistan Nepal
9. A.M P.M se T (time) ko denote krte hain. Ye ek trick hai bangladesh se sate bharat ke padosi
states.
A = Assam M = mizoram P = paschim bang M = meghalaya T= tripura
A.M P.M se T (time)
10. States Wd Bicameral System
TRICK : - JUMBAK (in rhyme wd CHUMBAK=magnet)
J – Jammu & Kasmir U - Uttar Pradesh M - Maharastra
B – Bihar A – Andhra Pradesh K – Karnatak
11. Indian states touch boundary of Bhutan
TRICK :- "SAAB"
SIKKIM ARUNACHAL PRADESH ASSAM BENGAL
12. Indian states touch boundary of Myanmar
TRICK :- ARUNA MAMI
ARUNANCHAL NAGALAND MANIPUR MIZORAM
13. Indian states touch boundary to China.
TRICK :- JAMMU ka SIpahi ARUN HIMAlaya par UTARA
JAMMU&KASHMIR, SIKKIM, ARUNACHAL PRADESH,
HIMACHAL PRADESH and UTTARAKHAND
14. M.P. DIVISION SHORT CUT
TRICK : - NRI GUJB SSC
N- NARMDAPURAM R- REWA I- INDORE G- GWALIOR
U- UJJAIN J- JABALPUR B- BHOPAL S- SHAHDOL
S- SAGAR C- CHAMBAL
15. PONDICHERRY Have 4 District That Name Is.....
TRICK :- PRADEEP KUMAR MISTER YADAV..
TRICK :- MISTER PRADEEP KUMAR YADAV
PRADEEP - PONDICHERRY KUMAR - KARAIKAL
MISTER - MAHE YADAV – YANAM
16. HOW TO LEARN THE HIGHWAY.....
IF 1 IS DELHI 2 IS KOLKATA 3 IS MUMBAI 4 IS CHENNAI
THEN
NH-1..... started from 1 so delhi to bhagwan AMRITSA
NH-2 .....1 TO 2 ...DELHI TO KOLKATA
NH-3 .....1 TO 3 ....AGRA(JUST NEAR TO DELHI TO MUMBAI)
NH-4.......3 TO 4.... MUMBAI TO CHENNAI
NH-24...DELHI SE LUCKNOW K LIYE 24 HR TRAIN MILTI HAI...SO DELHI TO
LUCKNOW
MEETING POINT OF N-S CORRIDOR AND E-W CORRODR JUNCTION
TRICK :- JHANSI –Another TRICKS OF GEOGARPHY...
1. Himalayan ranges from top to bottom.. ....
TRICK :- Kal Jana Padega Desh Se..
K = karakoram j = zaskar P - Pirpanjal D = dauladhar S = shiwalik
Ye Himalay Ki Parvat Sredi H....
TRICK :- (aaplogo ne kabhi "KALA PIZA" khaya h .. nahi na to aaj khaiye )
Ka - karakoram la - laddakh pi - pir panjal Za – zansker
2. Important hills of INDIA
HILL RANGE PEAK LOCATION
1) Aravali Gurushikhar Rajasthan
2) Western Ghat Anaimudi Kerla
3) Rajmahal huills Prasnath West bengal
4) Naga hills Sramati Ngaland
5) Andman& Nicobar Saddle pick North Nicobar
6) Eastern ghat Deodimunda Orissa
1 Aj Ghumenge RAJsthan
2 WITHOUT ANNA-KEJRIWALL (silent mood---silent valley also located in western ghat)
3 RAJAMAHAL PURUSHO KA BANGLA HOTA HAI..
4 NAGAO KO SARAM NHI ATI NANGA RHNE ME..
5 ANDMAN---SADDLE PICK----NORTH NICOBAR ( just learn this)
6 EAST ME DEKHO ORISSA KA KONARK MANDIR DIKHEGA..
3.
1 Main Passes of Himalayas
sikkim- (nathuram sikkim jail gaya)
nathuram-Nathu La jail-Jelep La
2) himachal- rohit barah(12) baje shipki gaya
rohit- Rohtang Pass barah-Bara Lacha shipki- Shipki Pass
3) arunanchal- (dipu ne likha pani me paan ) & Bomdi La
dipu- Diphu likha-pani- Likhapani paan – Pangsan
4. Countries Thru Which Prime Meridian Passes-
TRICK : - BSF GAME IN TOTO
B – Burkinafaso S – Spain F – France
G – Ghana A – Algeria M - Mali E - England
IN TOTO - Niger Toto
5.
5 Great Lakes In North America IN Clock Wise
TRICK :- HOMES
H – Huron O – Ontario M – Michigan E – Erie S – Superior
6. Countries Sourrounding NYASA Lake
TRICK :- MAMTA
MA – Malawi M- Mozambique TA – Tanzania
7. Countries Sourrounding Victiria Lake
TRICK : - KUTA (kutta)
K – Kenya U - Uganda TA – Tanzania
8. Easy Trick To Remember Countries Of The West Africa Region
TRICK :- Breakfast Buddies Never Give Nice Tips Without Appetizers
Breakfas – Benin Buddies - Burkina faso Never - Niger
Give - Ghana Nice Tips Without Appetizers - Nigeria-Western Africa
9. To Remember Great Lakes In Order From West To East
TRICK :- Super Man Helps Every One
Super - Superior Man - Michigan
Helps – Huron Every - Erie One – Ontario
10. OCEANS (LARGEST TO SMALLEST)
ACRONYM = P A I S A
PACIFIC, ATLANTIC, INDIAN, SOUTHERN, ARCTIC

SOME INTERESTING TRICKS TO REMEMBER IMPORTANT DATE-DAYS

Environment related:
1. First of all you should remember that 5 JUNE – World Environment Day coz it is the prime in
all.

Now remember 22 as date and a sequence March, April, and May.Then memorize a sequence
WATER,
EARTH, BIO-DIVERSITY.

Now you will see

22 MARCH- WORLD WATER DAY
22 APRIL- WORLD EARTH DAY
22 MAY-WORLD BIO-DIVERSITY DAY

2. Memorize a sentence “FOREST & WATER is an integral part of METEOROLOGY”As you

know from
the previous point that “WORLD WATER DAY” is in month of “MARCH” so remember
MARCH as a
month and for DATE remember the sequence 21, 22, 23
Now you will see
21 MARCH- WORLD FOREST DAY
22 MARCH- WORLD WATER DAY
23 MARCH- WORLD METEOROLOGICAL DAY (vishwa mausam vigyan diwas)
In addition you can memorize 16 SEP- OZONE DAY
Another trick to remember dates

If someone asks you when you will quit smoking a very common answer is “yaar is month ke
LAST MAY quit kar dunga”So what is the last of MAY MONTH??????"31"
31 MAY – ANTI TOBACO DAY (NO SMOKING DAY)

India is the country having highest no. of YOUTHIndia became independent on 15th of
AUGUSTSo you
can easily relate the words "youth & august"
12 AUG- WORLD YOUTH DAY
12 JAN- NATIONAL YOUTH DAY (SWAMI VIVEKANAND’S BIRTHDAY)...

1. Memorize a song “Pardeshi (NRI) ree NA(9) JANa pardesh”

9 JAN- NRI day (भभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभ)

2. BD MARoge to Tb to hogi hiHere B=2, D=4 so date become “24“ then I wrote MARoge , in
the word
mar= March and that is a month , then I wrote TB(tuberculosis ) भभभभ भभभ
so you can easily relate
24 MARCH- WORLD TB DAY (भभभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभ)

3. Memorize “ JULdi 1 Doctor bulao

“Here I wrote JUL in caps , so JULY is the month, then I use a no. 1 that is date ,then I use a
word Doctor ,
so will see
1 JULY- WORLD DOCTOR’S DAY

Trick to remember date

Memorize this stupid story “Ek TEACHER aye keval 3 DAYS me ek bachche ko
LITERATE(भभभभभभ) bana diya , 6 DAYS me vo HINDI me expert ho gaya aur NEXT DAY
vo bachca ENGINEER ban gaya aur NEXT DAY usne OZONE layer ki khoj kar di.Now we all
knoe as an Indian that Teacher’s day is celebrated on 5th September (birth date of Sarvpalli Dr.
Radhakrishanan) , I just want to say that this sentence belongs to the important dates of the
month September .and this date is key to all the other important dates of September.Focus on the
word written in caps in the sentence.So starting from Teachers Day, that is 5th of Sep. the next
Caps word is 3 DAYS & LITERATE , so just ADD 3 in 5,,(3+5=8) 8 Sep world literacy day ,
move to next caps word is 6 & hindi, now add 6 to the previous date 8, (8+6=14) , 14 sep is
Hindi diwas .. next word is is NEXT DAY & ENGINEER, 14+next day = 15 , 15 sep is Indian
engineer’s day (birthday of vishweshwariah),next caps words are NEXT & OZONE , so
15+Next day=16, 16 sep is World Ozone Day.
So we get
5 SEP- TEACHER’S DAY
8 SEP- WORLD LITERACY DAY
14 SEP- HINDI DAY
15 SEP- NATIONAL ENGINEER’S DAY
16 SEP- OZONE DAY

भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभ:-

=>भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभ:-

( भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ )

भभ-भभभभभभ
भभ-भभभभभभ
भभ-भभभभभभभभ

भभ-भभभभभभभभ
भ-भभभभभभभभभभ
भभ-भभ भभभभभ
भ-भभभभभभ
भभ-भभभभभभभ

=>भभभभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ:-

(भभभ भभभ भभ भभभ भभ)

भ -भभभभभभ भभभभभ-1958
भभ -भभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभभ-1963
भ-भभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभ-1883
भभ-भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ-1990
भभ-भभ भभ भभ भभभभ-1992
भभ-भभभभभभ भभभभ-2000
भ-भभभभभभभ भभभ-2001
भभ-भभभभभभ भभ भभभभ-2013

=>भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभ:-

( भभभभभभ MASL भभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभ MMAL)

भभभभभभ-भभभभभभ भभभभभ-1971
M-भभभ भभभभभभ-1980
A-भभभभभ भभभभभभ-1997
S-भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभ भभ-1998
L-भभभ भभभभभभभ-2001

भभभभभ
भभभभभभ-भभभभभभ भभभभभ
M-भभभ भभभभभभ
M-भभ भभ भभभभभभभभभभभभ
A-भभभभभ भभभभभभ
L-भभभ भभभभभभभ

=> G-8 भभभ

ACF JEJE R (ACF भभभभभभ )

A-भभभभभभभ
C-भभभभभ
F-भभभभभभ
J-भभभभभभ
E-भभभभ
J-भभभभ
E-भभभभभभ
R-भभभभभ
------------------------------------

=> G-5 भभभ

MBBS C

M-भभभभभभभभ
B-भभभभ
B-भभभभभभभ
S-भभ.भभभभभभभ
C-भभभ

------------------------------------

=>G-20 भभभभभ भभभ

AAP MUJE ABCD STR भभभ

A = भभभभभभभभभभभ

A= भभभभभभभभभभभ

P = भभभभभभ

M = भभभभभभभो

U = भभभभभभभ भभभभभभ
J = भभभभभभ, भभभभ

E = भभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभ

A = भभभभभभभ

B = भभभभभभभ, भभभभभभ, भभभभ

C = भभभ, भभभभभ

D = भभभभभभ भभभभभभभ ,भ. भभभभभभ

S = भभभभ भभभभभभभ

T = भभभभभभभभभभ

R = भभभभभ

------------------------------------

=>भभभभभ भभभभभ भभभ

MBBS PANI

M-भभभभभभ
B-भभभभभ
B-भभभभभभभभभभ
S- भभभभभभभभ
P-भभभभभभभभभ
A-भभभभभभभभभभभ
N-भभभभभ
I-भभभभभभ

------------------------------------

=>भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ:-

RAAT KO PUMP
भभभ भभ भभभभ भभभभ भभ.

R-भभभभभभभभ
A-भभभभभभभभभ
A-भभभभ
T-भभभभभभभभभ
K-भभभभभभभ
O-भभभभभ
P-भभभभभ
U-भभभभभ भभभभभभ
M-भभभभभभभभभभ
P-भ.भभभभभ.

------------------------------------

=>भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभ भभभभभ...

भभ भभभ TB भ भभभभ

भ-भभभभभभभभभ
भ-भभभभभ भभभभभभभ
भ-भभभभभ भभभभभभ
भ-भभभभभभभभ
भ-भभभभभभभ
T-भभभभभभभभ
B-भभभभभ

------------------------------------

=>भभभभभभभभभ भभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभ

भभभभ MBA

भ-भभभभभभभभभभ
भ-भभभ
भ-भभभभभभभभभ
भ-भभभभभ
M-भभभभभभभभ
B-भभभभभ
A-भभभभभभभभभभभ

------------------------------------

=> भभभभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभ भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभ

MKG G AC

भभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभ AC भ भभभ भभभभ.

M-भभभभभभभभभभ
K-भभभभभभभ
G-भभभभ
G- भभभभभभ
A-भभभभभभभभभभभ
C-भभभभभभ

------------------------------------

=>भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभ

RCC AB AB

R-भभभभभ
C-भभभभभ
C-भभभ
A-भभभभभभभ
B-भभभभभभभ
A-भभभभभभभभभभभ
B-भभभभ

Trick for country and Capital.

Country name and Capital name are same

Mexico – Mexico City
Kuwait – Kuwait City
Panama – Panama City
Vatican City – Vatican City
Guatemala – Guatemala City
Djibouti – Djibouti City
Singapore - Singapore
Monaco – Monaco
Luxembourg - Luxembourg
Tunisia - Tunis
Andorra – Andorra la Vella
Capital Names Ending with “Town ”
South Africa - CapeTown
Guyana - Gorege Town
Sierra Leone - FreeTown
Barbados – BridgeTown
Korea’s Family
1) South Korea – Seoul
Seoul looks like “Soul”
Mind Trick : South Korea’s Soul
2) North Korea – Pyongyang
Pyongyang sounds like “Young-yang”
Mind Trick : North People are “Young”
Sweden – Stockholm
Sweden( sounds like ” Sweat-den”)
Stockholm(sounds like “Stock +Home”)
Mind Trick : Sweats are in Stock in our Home..
Jamaica –Kingston
Mind Trick : Jamaica’s men are “Kings”
Iran – Tehran
Mind Trick – Both words ends with “ran”
Bhutan – Thimpu
Bhutan souds like “Boot+tan”
Thimphu sounds like name “Tippu Sultan”
M ind Trick : Tippu Sultan wear Boots..
Canada – Ottawa
Ottawa sounds like “Oats”
Mind Trick : Canadians like Oats..
DenMark - CoPenhagen :
Mark(a name)
Co-Pen(means Others Pen)
Mind Trick : Mark uses others Pen.
Hungary – Budapest
Hungary looks like “Hungry”
Budapest sounds like “Buddha+pest
Mind Trick : Buddha is very Hungry.
Argentina – Buenos Aires
Aires look like “Airs"
Mind Trick : Argentina’s Airs
Australia – Canberra
Canberra sounds like “Cadbury”
Mind Trick : Australia’s companies manufacture “ Cadburys”
Malta – ValLetta
Mind Trick : Malta – Letta
Morocco – Rabat
Rabat sounds like “Robert”
Mind Trick : Morocco’s Robert.
Romania – Bucharest
Mind Trick Romania people take “Rest”
Poland – WarSaw
Land - War - Saw
Mind Trick - I SAW a WAR happened in poLand
Czech Republic – Prague
Prague sounds like “Pray”
Mind Trick : Czech People “Pray” for God Daily
Ukraine - Kyiv
Ukraine sounds like (“Uk+rain”)
Kyiv sounds like (“key”)
Mind Trick : In Uk,while raining lost KEY
Taiwan – Taipei
Taiwan sounds like (“ Tie +One ”)
Taipei sounds like (“ Tie +Pi ”)
Mind Trick : TieOne - TiePi
Estonia –Tallinn
Estonia sound like “Yes +Stone”
Mind Trick : Stone is Tall
Venezuela- Caracas
Mind Trick : Veny Travels in Car
Congo- Brazzaville
Brazzaville-Brazil +Ville
Mind Trick : Congo’s to Brazil for hosting FIFA WorldCup
New Zealand - Wellington
Wellington -Washington
Mind Trick : New Washington
Bulgaria –Sofia
Bulgaria –Bulk +Area
Sofia looks like “Sofa”
Mind Trick : Bulk of Sofa’s in that Area
Brazil – Brasillia
Brasillia – Brazil+lia
Croatia- Zagreb
Croatia sounds like (“Coast +Asia”)
Zagreb sounds like (“za+Grey”)
Mind Trick: Coast Asia people like “Grey” Colour
Cyprus – Nicosia
Nicosia sounds like (“Nik +Asia”)
Famous Countries & Capitals
Afghanistan - Kabul
Bangladesh - Dhaka
China - Beijing
Pakistan - Islamabad
UAE - Abu Dhabi
Vietnam - Hanoi
Srilanka - Colombo
Philippines - Manila
Japan - Tokyo
Italy - Rome
France - Paris
Spain - Madrid

Important Committees in News :

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
1. Bibek Debroy Committee on restructuring of Indian Railways.
2. The government has set up a high level panel, headed by former Home Secretary Anil Baijal
to suggest a framework to assess CSR activities done by corporates under the companies law.
3. Union Finance Ministry constituted High Level Committee to interact with trade and industry
to give recommendations to the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) and the Central Board of
Excise and Customs (CBEC) for issuance of appropriate clarifications by way of circulars, on
tax-related issues on a regular basis. The high level committee will be headed by former Chief
Economic Advisor (CEA) Ashok Lahiri.
4. TSR Subramaniam Committee: to review the processes, laws and Acts of the Ministry of
Environment, Forests and Climate Change
5. Pratyush Sinha committee: to assess compensation for coal blocks.
6. The former Union Minister Jairam Ramesh designated as the head of Future Earth
Engagement Committee, a global research platform panel on sustainable development.
7. T.K. Vishwanathan committee: to provide Bankruptcy code for small and medium enterprises
(SMEs).
8. Justice Prabha Sridevan committee: to function as a think-tank to help draft a new National.
Intellectual Property Rights Policy (National IPR Policy)
9. K.V. Kamath panel: to examine the financial architecture for Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises (MSME) sector.
10. Gopalakrishna Committee: on Capacity Building in Banks and non-Banks
11. G N Bajpai Committee: to review the investment guidelines for national pension system
(NPS) schemes in private sector.
12. Scientist Raghunath Anant Mashelkar panel: to recommend best technologies for Prime
Minister Narendra Modi's "Swachh Bharat" national sanitation campaign.
13. T S R Subramanian Committee: to review five key green laws concerning protection and
conservation of environment, forest, wildlife, water and air among others.
14. H R Khan Committee: to examine the un-claimed amount in PPF, Post Office and Savings
Schemes.
15. H Devaraj Committee: reported that most of the deemed universities are not fit for being a
university.
16. Sivaramakrishnan Committee: to suggest the place to build the capital city of Andhra Prades
17. Former RBI Governor Bimal Jalan to head the Expenditure Management Commission. The
purpose of setting up the commission is to cut-off the spending and review government
expenditure to get maximum output.
18. Justice CS Dharmadhikari Committee: recommended complete ban on dance bars in hotels
and restaurants.
19. R. Ramanujam Committee - to review, identify and recommend amendment in obsolete laws
to further smoothen and simplify the governance.

National Institution for Transforming India (Niti Aayog) : Narendra Modi, Chairman
• Lok Sabha, Speaker : Mrs. Sumitra Mahajan
• Lok Sabha, Secretary-General : T. K. Viswanathan
• Rajya Sabha, Chairman : Mohammad Hamid Ansari
• Rajya Sabha, Deputy Chairman : P. J. Kurien
• Rajya Sabha, Leader of House : Arun Jaitley
• Rajya Sabha, Leader of Opposition : Ghulam Nabi Azad
• Rajya Sabha, Secretary-General : Shumsher K. Sheriff
• National Institution for Transforming India (Niti Aayog) : Arvind Panagariya, Vice-Chairman
• Chief Election Commissioner : Syed Nasim Zaidi
• Election Commissioner : Achal Kumar Jyoti
• Chief Vigilance Commissioner (CVC) : K. V. Chowdary
• Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) : Vijai Sharma
• Comptroller and Auditor-General of India : Shashi Kant Sharma
• National Human Right Commission (NHRC) : Justice K. G. Balakrishnan, Chairperson
• Cabinet Secretary : Ajit Kumar Seth
• Principal Secretary to Prime Minister : Nripendra Misra
• National Commission for Backward Classes : Justice V. Eshwaraiah, Chairman
• National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) : Ms. Shanta Sinha, Chairperson
• National Commission for Scheduled Castes : Dr. P. L. Punia, Chairman
• National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) : Dr.Rameshwar Oraon, Chairman
• Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) : Deepak Gupta, Chairman
• National Commission on Farmers (NCF) : Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, Chairman
• National Security Adviser and Special Adviser to PM (Internal Security) : Ajit Kumar Doval
• National Investigation Agency (NIA) : Sharad Kumar, Director-General
• Railway Board : A. K. Mital, Chairman
• Intelligence Bureau (IB) : Dineshwar Sharma, Director
• Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) : Anil Kumar Sinha, Director
• Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) : Rajinder Khanna, Director
• National Security Guard (NSG) : Jayanto Narayan Choudhury, Director-General
• Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) : Prakash Mishra, Director-General
• Border Security Force (BSF) : Devendra Kumar Pathak, Director-General
• Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) : Arvind Ranjan, Director-General
• Railway Protection Force. (RPF) : P. K. Mehta, Director-General
• Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) : Krishna Chaudhary, Director-General
• Sashastra Seema Bal : B. D. Sharma, Director-General
• Indian Coast Guard : Vice-Admiral Anurag G. Thapliyal, Director-General
• Defence Intelligence Agency : Lt. Gen. Avtar Singh, Director-General
• University Grants Commission (UGC) : Prof. Ved Prakash, Chairman
• Defence Research and Development Organisation. (DRDO) : Dr. S. Christopher, Director-
General
• Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government : Dr. R. Chidambaram
• Space Commission and ISRO : A. S. Kiran Kumar, Chairman
• Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Dept. of Atomic Energy : Ratan Kumar Sinha,
Chairman
• National Commission for Minorities : Naseem Ahmad, Chairperson
• Staff Selection Commission (SSC) : Amitava Bhattacharya, Chairman
• Indian Council of Medical Research : Dr. Vishwa Mohan Katoch, Director-General
• India and Census Commissioner : C. Chandramouli, Registrar-General
• Law Commission of India : Justice Ajit Prakash Shah, Chairman
• Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) : Dr. B. N. Suresh, President
• National Forest Commission : Justice (Retd.) B. N. Kirpal, Chairman
• National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) : T. Nanda Kumar, Chairperson
• Border Roads Organisation : Lt. General AT Parnaik, Director-General
• Reserve Bank of India (RBI) : Dr. Raghuram Rajan, Governor
• Press Council of India : Justice Chandramauli Kumar Prasad, Chairman
• Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC) : Ravindra Pisharody, Chairman
• Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) : R. K. Tewari, Chairman
• Central Board of Excise and Customs : Mrs. J.M. Shanti Sundharam, Chairman
• Competition Commission of India : Ashok Chawla
• Central Administrative Tribunal : Justice Syed Rafat Alam, Chairman
• National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) : R.S.T. Sai, CMD
• Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) : Dinesh K. Sarraf, CMD
• GAIL : B. C. Tripathi, CMD
• Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) : S. Behuria, Chairman
• Oil India Ltd : Sunil Kumar Srivastava, CMD
• Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) : Dr. Satbir Bedi, Chairperson
• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) : U. K. Sinha, Chairman
• National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) : Dr. Harsh Kumar
Bhanwala, Chairman
• State Bank of India (SBI) : Smt. Arundhati Bhattacharya, Chairman
• Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) : M. S. Raghavan, Chairman
• Company Law Board : Justice Dilip Raosaheb Deshmukh, Chairman
• India's Permanent Representative to UN : Asoke Kumar Mukerji
• Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) : S. K. Roy, Chairman
• Central Water Commission : Ashwin Pandya, Chairman
• National Commission for Women : Ms. Lalitha Kumarmangalam, Chairperson
• 14th Finance Commission : Dr. Y. V. Reddy, Chairman
• National Statistical Commission : Dr. Pronob Sen, Chairman
• Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) : Pahlaj Nihalani, Chairperson
• Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) : Dr. Rakesh Tewari, Director-General
• Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) : Dr. Jyotsna Suri,
President
• Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) : Dr. Rahul Khullar, Chairman
• Enforcement Directorate : Dr. Rajan Katoch, Director
• Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) : R. V. Verma, Chairman
• Bhabha Atomic Research Centre : Dr. Sekhar Basu, Director
• Indian Olympic Association : N. Ramachandran, President
• National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) : Prof. B.K.Tripathi, Acting
Director
• Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) : Ajay S. Shriram, President
• Prasar Bharti Board : Dr. A. Surya Prakash, Chairman
• Investment Commission : Ratan Tata, Chairman
• Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) : Jagmohan Dalmiya, President
• International Cricket Council (ICC) : Mr. Zaheer Abbas, President
• NASSCOM : R. Chandrasekaran, Chairman
• National Film Development Corporation (NFDC) : Ramesh Sippy, Chairman
• Children's Film Society : Mukesh Khanna, Chairman
• United News of India : Ravindra Kumar, Chairman
• Press Trust of India (PTI) : Mahendra Mohan Gupta, Chairman
• Indian Newspaper Society (INS) : Kiran B. Vadodaria, President
• The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) : Rana Kapoor,
President
A Brief on CURRENCY SYSTEM IN INDIA:
**********************************************************
Present Denomination of Bank Notes:
At present, banknotes in India are issued in the denomination of Re.1, Rs.5 Rs.10, Rs.20, Rs.50,
Rs.100, Rs.500 and Rs.1000. These notes are called banknotes as they are issued by the Reserve
Bank of India (Reserve Bank).
Denomination of Bank Notes & Coins:
The Reserve Bank can also issue banknotes in the denominations of five thousand rupees and ten
thousand rupees, or any other denomination that the Central Government may specify. There
cannot, though, be banknotes in denominations higher than ten thousand rupees in terms of the
current provisions of the Reserve Bank of India of Act, 1934. Coins can be issued up to the
denomination of Rs.1000.
Role of Government of India in Currency System:
In terms of Section 25 of RBI Act, 1934 the design of banknotes is required to be approved by
the Central Government on the recommendations of the Central Board of the Reserve Bank of
India. The responsibility for coinage vests with the Government of India on the basis of the
Coinage Act, 1906 as amended from time to time. The Government of India also attends to the
designing and minting of coins in various denominations.
How much currency to be produced?
The Reserve Bank decides the volume and value of banknotes except Re. 1 note to be printed
each year. The quantum of banknotes that needs to be printed, broadly depends on the
requirement for meeting the demand for banknotes due to inflation, GDP growth, replacement of
soiled banknotes and reserve stock requirements.
Who decides the coins issue?
The Government of India decides the quantity of coins to be minted on the basis of indents(
official order) received from the Reserve Bank.
How does the Reserve Bank estimate the demand for banknotes?
The Reserve Bank estimates the demand for banknotes on the basis of the growth rate of the
economy, the replacement demand and reserve stock requirements by using statistical
models/techniques.
What is a currency chest?
To facilitate the distribution of banknotes and rupee coins, the Reserve Bank has authorized
select branches of scheduled banks to establish Currency Chests. These are actually storehouses
where banknotes and rupee coins are stocked on behalf of the Reserve Bank.
What is a small coin depot?
Some bank branches are also authorized to establish Small Coin Depots to stock small coins. The
Small Coin Depots also distribute small coins to other bank branches in their area of operation.
What are soiled, mutilated and imperfect banknotes?
(i) "soiled note:" means a note which, has become dirty due to usage and also includes a two
piece note pasted together wherein both the pieces presented belong to the same note, and form
the entire note.
(ii) Mutilated banknote is a banknote, of which a portion is missing or which is composed of
more than two pieces.
(iii) Imperfect banknote means any banknote, which is wholly or partially, obliterated, shrunk,
washed, altered or indecipherable but does not include a mutilated banknote.
Can soiled and mutilated banknotes be exchanged for value?
Yes. Such banknotes can be exchanged for value.
Clean Note Policy:
Reserve Bank of India has been continuously making efforts to make good quality banknotes
available to the members of public. To help RBI and banking system, the members of public are
requested to ensure the following:
a) Not to staple the banknotes
b) Not to write / put rubber stamp or any other mark on the banknotes
c) Store the banknotes safely to prevent any damage
Note:
1) Seeking to spread awareness among public about fake notes, the Reserve Bank has launched a
website explaining ways to detect counterfeit notes. With a tagline 'Pehchano Paise Ki Boli,
Kyunki Paisa Bolta Hai', the website- www.paisaboltahai.rbi.org.in -- gives visual presentation
with pointers on currency notes of 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 rupee denominations.
2) MINIMUM RESERVE SYSTEM
The Reserve Bank has the sole right to issue currency notes, except one rupee notes which are
issued by the Ministry of Finance. The RBI follows a minimum reserve system in the note issue.
Initially, it used to keep 40 per cent of gold reserves in its total assets. But, since 1957, it has to
maintain only Rs. 200 crores of gold and foreign exchange reserves, of which gold reserves
should be of the value of Rs. 115 crores.
3) After a gap of over 20 years, Re 1 note has been released in the country and it bears the
signature of Finance Secretary Rajiv Mehrishi. Incidentally, the note was released at Shrinathji
temple in Nathdwara, Rajasthan, on March 6 by Mehrishi.

Trick to Remember members of

“SAARC” Countries

Trick:— “MBBS PAIN”

M— Maldives
B— Bhutan
B— Bangladesh
S— SriLanka
P— Pakistan
A— Afghanistan
I— India
N— Nepal

#MSWord Short-cuts List

≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡
1) CTRL + A = Select text
2) CTRL + B = Bold text
3) CTRL + C = Copy text
4) CTRL + D = Open font formatting window
5) CTRL + E = Center text
6) CTRL + F = Find a phrase
7) CTRL + G = Go To a specific page or bookmark
8) CTRL + H = Replace text with another text
9) CTRL + I = Italicize text
10) CTRL + J = Justify text
11) CTRL + K = Open Insert Hyperlink window
12) CTRL + L = Left align text
13) CTRL + M = Indent a paragraph from the left
14) CTRL + N = Open new Word document
15) CTRL + O = Open an existing Word document
16) CTRL + P = Print Word document
17) CTRL + Q = Remove paragraph formatting
18) CTRL + R = Right align text
19) CTRL + S = Save Word document
20) CTRL + T = Create a hanging indent
21) CTRL + U = Underline text
22) CTRL + V = Paste text
23) CTRL + W = Close Word document
24) CTRL + X = Cut text
25) CTRL + Y = Redo an action previously undone
26) CTRL + Z = Undo a previous action

##################भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभ######################

#भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभ भभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभ

#भभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभ भभ भभभ भभ भभभभ भभभभ भभभभ
भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभ भभभभभभभभभ–भभभभभभभभ,
भभभभभभभभभभभभ–भ, भभभभभभभभभभभभ–भ, भभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभ भ
भभभभभभभभभभ–भभ भभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभ
भभ भभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भ भभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभ
भभभभभ भभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभ
भभभभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभ,
भभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभ भ भभभभभभभभभ भभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभ
भभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभ: भभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभ भ
भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभ

#भभभभभ

भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभ भभभभभभ #भभभभभ भभभभभभ

भभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभ भ भभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभ
भभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभ भभभभभभभभभ-भभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभभभ-भ,
भभभभभभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभ भ भभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ
भभभभभभभभभ भभभ: भभभभभभ भभभभभभ, भभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभभभ
भभभभभभभ भभभभभभ, भभभभभ भभभभभ, भभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभ,
भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभभभ

#भभभभ

@भभभभभभभभभ-भभभभभभभभ भभभभ

भभभभभभभभभ-भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभ

भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभ भभ: भभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभ,
भभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभ-भ,
भभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभभभ भ
भभभभभभभभभभ भभ भभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभ
भभभभभभभभभ भ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभ
भभभभभभभभभभ

@भभभभभभभभभभभभ-भ भभभभ

भभभभभभभभभभभभ-भ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभ

भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभ भभ: भभभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभ,
भभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभ,
भभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभ, भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभ भ
भभभभभभभभभ भभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभ
भभभभभ भभभभभ भभ: भभभभभभ भभभभभभ, भभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभभभ
भभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भ भभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभ
भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभभ

@भभभभभभभभभभभभ-भ भभभभ

भभभभभभभभभभभभ-भ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभ

भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभ भभ: भभभभभभ भभभ-भ,
भभभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभ, भभभभभभ भभभ-भ, भभभभभ भभभभभ,
भभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभ भ भभभभभभभभ-भभ भभ
भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभ
भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभ
भभभभभभभभ
@भभभभभभभभ भभभभ

भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ

भभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभ भभ: भभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभभभभ,
भभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभभभ,
भभभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभ-भ भ भभभभभभभभभ भभ भभभभभभ
भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभ
भभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभ भभभभभभभभभ

@भभभभभभभ भभभभ

भभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ

भभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभ भभ: भभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभभ,
भभभभभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभ,
भभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभ भ भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ
भभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभ भभ: भभभभभभ भ भभभभभ
भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभ भ भभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ
भभभभभभ भभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभभभ

@भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभ

भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभ

भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभ भभ: भभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभ-
भ, भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभभभभ-भ,
भभभभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभ भभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभभभभभभ-भ,
भभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभ भ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभ-भभ भभ भभभभभभ
भभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभ
भभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभ
भभभभभभभभभभभ

#भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ

भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ

भभभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ
भभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभ भभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभ,
भभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभ भ भभभभभभभभ-भ –
भभभभभभभभभभभभ-भ भभभभभभ भभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ
भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभ-
भ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भ भभभभभभभ भभभभ
भभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ
भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभ
भभभभभभभ भभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभभभ-भ भभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभ-भ, भभभभभभ
भभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभ-भ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभ-भ
भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभभभ-भ,
भभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभभभभभभ-भ, भभभभभ, भ
भभभभभभभभ – भभ भभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभ
भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभ-भ भभभभभभ
भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभ भ भभभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभ
भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभ
भभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभ
भभभभभभभभभभ, भभभभभभभ भ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभ
भभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ
भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभ
भभभभभ भभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ
भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ
भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभभभ

#भभभभभभभभ भभभभभ

@भभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभ

भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभ

भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभभभ
भभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभ भभभभभभभ
भभभ, भभभभभ भ भभभ भभभभभ भभभभ भभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभ
#भभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभ भभभभ भभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ
भभभभभभभभभ भभभभ #भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभ भभभभभभ
भभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभ
भभभभ भभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभो भभभभभभ
भभभ भभभभ

@भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभ

भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ

भभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभभभ भभ भभभभभभभभ #भभभभभभ
भभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभ
भभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ
भभभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभ
भभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ
भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभ #भभभभभभभभभ
भभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभ भभभ भभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभ
भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ

@भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ

भभभभभभभोो भभभभभभ भभभभभभ भ भभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ

भभभभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभ
भभभभभभभभभभ भभ भभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभ
भभभभभ भभभ भभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभ भभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभ भभ
भभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभ भभभभभ
भभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभ
भभभभभभभभभभ भभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभभभभभ
भभभभ भभभभभभ-भभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभ
भभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभ भभभभभभ भभभभ भभभ भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ
भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ भभ भभभभभभभ
भभभभभभ

I have experienced more failure than most of you reading this answer. I have had my fair share
of setbacks and each and every time I couldn't succeed, I felt like this is the end of the world.

You feel like air is not going in and out of your lungs, you suffocate, your abdomen hurts, feels
like you are chewing lava but at the same time, your heart is ice cold. Your hands become numb,
your eye wants to gouge out from the socket, the head is exploding, you feel like pissing and
defecating but your system is frozen, your feet doesn't support your body. You feel like your
worst nightmare has come alive and there is no hope for you anymore.

The worst feeling is that deep dark sinking feeling which just lingers. At that moment, you feel
like it will stay the same way forever. That small voice inside your head start to have endless
discussion with you and concludes that you are nothing but a worthless piece of s#!t. You
become anxious, depressed and are completely stressed out all the time.

These are few of such instances where I 'failed':

1. Didn't get into NTSE or cleared any such exams till the class X (partially because I didn't
study at all till class X and also as there was not much exposure in my school).
2. The first test I gave in Class XI, I got negative marks.
3. Couldn't clear Physics Olympiad (even the first step), Chemistry and Biology Olympiad
(Second Step). It's a different story that people who knew much-2 less than me got
through.
4. I failed in a Biochemistry internal examination in AIIMS first professional exam (was
going through some depression due to personal issues).
5. I did a project for KVPY in my AIIMS days and was fortunate enough to get a call by
IISc (Indian Institute of Science). This is my interview call letter.
6.
 For the first time in my life, I worked on a project for 2 months (July and August, 2009),
handling, feeding smelly rats and operating on them to compare the nociceptive (pain
reducing) effect of Morphine with Ketorolac. For attending this interview, I spent the
largest amount ever on myself till that date (Rs. 15,000), took a flight for the first time in
my life and went outside Delhi, Haryana and Rajasthan (again for the first time), as IISc
is in Bangalore. 17 of us from AIIMS gave the interview and personally for me
everything went perfectly fine. But when result came out after 2 months, 15 got the
KVPY scholarship (around 5 lakh Rupees in total) while 2/17 didn't made it. As you have
guessed I was one of the two who didn't get the scholarship. I felt completely shattered.

7. I failed at most of the sports like Volleyball, Badminton, Basketball etc.

8. Couldn't play guitar properly for the first 3 months. My teacher called me the "slowest
learner" he has ever seen.
9. It took me 3 years to learn swimming.
10. Before clearing my UPSC CSE exams, I failed in so many prelims mock test (started with
3200th rank) and was termed a loser by many teachers and aspirants.
11. I failed my body as I couldn't keep a healthy regime of diet and exercise. I am overweight
for my height, since December, 2012 (for last 3 years).
12. I failed many persons in my life, who expected things from me but I couldn't deliver.
13. I failed my grandmother (Dadi) and uncle (Tauji) as I couldn't even attend their funeral as
I was busy with my preparation and training, respectively ( I regret these the most).
14. I failed my family as I couldn't be at home for most of the occasions like Diwali, Holi,
Raksha Bandhan, anniversaries, birthdays.
 15. One of my friend asked me to appear for an IQ test. I filled the form reluctantly and gave
this exam 3 days after my UPSC CSE result (CSE result was out on 12th June, 2014
while I gave this exam on 15th June, 2014). Though I had no interest in giving the exam
and I was fighting with a lack of sleep, still the bottom line is I failed to get into Mensa.

So to make a long story short, I have failed on countless occasion, more than I care to
remember. But that's not the point. Each and every failure I faced, I tried to learn
something from it, at all times. I always tweaked my strategy according to the learnings
and kept pushing forward. You really only fail when you stop trying. Even if you don't
make it, just take it on the chin like a champ, standup, rub it, get on with it and start
training again. But just a word of caution, not all failure is good. You need to learn
something from these event and make appropriate changes in your tactics, so that the next
time you face a similar problem, you have better odds of succeeding. As Albert Einstein
said, "Insanity is doing the same thing over and over, and expecting a different result."

When the angels have fallen and the devil has had his day,the gates of heaven will still be
guarded by a single maroon beret
RICKS OF GEOGARPHY...
1. Himalayan ranges from top to bottom.. ....
TRICK :- Kal Jana Padega Desh Se..
K = karakoram j = zaskar P - Pirpanjal D = dauladhar S = shiwalik
Ye Himalay Ki Parvat Sredi H....
TRICK :- (aaplogo ne kabhi "KALA PIZA" khaya h .. nahi na to aaj khaiye )
Ka - karakoram la - laddakh pi - pir panjal Za – zansker
2. Important hills of INDIA
HILL RANGE PEAK LOCATION
1) Aravali Gurushikhar Rajasthan
2) Western Ghat Anaimudi Kerla
3) Rajmahal huills Prasnath West bengal
4) Naga hills Sramati Ngaland
5) Andman& Nicobar Saddle pick North Nicobar
6) Eastern ghat Deodimunda Orissa
1 Aj Ghumenge RAJsthan
2 WITHOUT ANNA-KEJRIWALL (silent mood---silent valley also located in western ghat)
3 RAJAMAHAL PURUSHO KA BANGLA HOTA HAI..
4 NAGAO KO SARAM NHI ATI NANGA RHNE ME..
5 ANDMAN---SADDLE PICK----NORTH NICOBAR ( just learn this)
6 EAST ME DEKHO ORISSA KA KONARK MANDIR DIKHEGA..
3.
1 Main Passes of Himalayas
sikkim- (nathuram sikkim jail gaya)
nathuram-Nathu La jail-Jelep La
2) himachal- rohit barah(12) baje shipki gaya
rohit- Rohtang Pass barah-Bara Lacha shipki- Shipki Pass
3) arunanchal- (dipu ne likha pani me paan ) & Bomdi La
dipu- Diphu likha-pani- Likhapani paan – Pangsan
4. Countries Thru Which Prime Meridian Passes-
TRICK : - BSF GAME IN TOTO
B – Burkinafaso S – Spain F – France
G – Ghana A – Algeria M - Mali E - England
IN TOTO - Niger Toto
5.
5 Great Lakes In North America IN Clock Wise
TRICK :- HOMES
H – Huron O – Ontario M – Michigan E – Erie S – Superior
6. Countries Sourrounding NYASA Lake
TRICK :- MAMTA
MA – Malawi M- Mozambique TA – Tanzania
7. Countries Sourrounding Victiria Lake
TRICK : - KUTA (kutta)
K – Kenya U - Uganda TA – Tanzania
8. Easy Trick To Remember Countries Of The West Africa Region
TRICK :- Breakfast Buddies Never Give Nice Tips Without Appetizers
Breakfas – Benin Buddies - Burkina faso Never - Niger
Give - Ghana Nice Tips Without Appetizers - Nigeria-Western Africa
9. To Remember Great Lakes In Order From West To East
TRICK :- Super Man Helps Every One
Super - Superior Man - Michigan
Helps – Huron Every - Erie One – Ontario
10. OCEANS (LARGEST TO SMALLEST)
ACRONYM = P A I S A
PACIFIC, ATLANTIC, INDIAN, SOUTHERN, ARCTIC
NOTE: SOUTHERN OCEAN IS A NEW ADDITION ( IN 2000 )

#Foreign #Words & #Phrases

1. Ab initio (Latin) — From the beginning.

2. Aborigine (Latin) — Native, any of the earliest known inhabitants of a certain
region.
3. Actionnaire (French) — Shareholder.
4. Actualite (French) — Real existence; appropriateness.
5. Ad hoc (Latin) — For the special purpose.
6. Ad interim (Latin) — In the meantime; temporary.
7. Ad libitum (Latin) — As one pleases.
8. Ad referendum (Latin) — For further consideration.
9. Ad valorem (Latin) — According to value.
10. A Dio (Italian) — To God; — Addio! Adieu!
11. Bacchus (Latin, Greek) — The god of wine.
12. Basta (Italian) — Enough ! No more !
13. Bastide (French) — A French country house.
14. Beau garcon (French) — A handsome man.
15. Beau jour (French) — Fine day, good times.
16. Beaux-arts (French) — The fine arts.
17. Beneficiare (French) — The person receiving benctits.
18. Bene qui latiut bene vixit (Latin) — He has lived\ell who has lived obscure.
19. Billet-doux (French) — A love letter.
20. Cadre (French) — A frame, a scheme; a list of officers.
21. Cafe (French) — Coffee.
22. Camaraderie (French) — Comrade; Friendly fellowship.
23. Carpe diem (Latin) — Enjoy the present day.
24. Cara sposa (Italian) — Dear wife.
25. Chef (French) — A cook in charge of a kitchen; head cook
26. Chesara’ Sara’ (Italian) — What will be will be.
27. Danke, Schoon (German) — Many thanks.
28. De bonne grace (French) — With good grace.
29. De facto (Latin) — In fact, actually.
30. De jure (Latin) — In the law; by right.
31. Dei gratin (Latin) — By the grace of God.
32. Deluxe (French) — Luxurious.
 33. Ecce! (Latin) — Behold!
34. Edition deluxe (French) — A splendid and expensive edition of a book.
35. Elegant (French) — A person of fashion.
36. Elite (French) — The best part.
37. En famille (French) — With one’s family; at home; in an informal way.
38. En masse (French) — In a group, universally.
39. Extra (Latin) — Beyond, outside the scope of.
40. Fade (French) — To become less distinct.

Rx = Treatment.
Hx = History
Dx = Diagnosis
q = Every
qd = Every day
qod = Every other day
qh = Every Hour
S = without
SS = On e half
C = With
SOS = If needed
AC = Before Meals
PC = After meals
BID = Twice a Day
TID = Thrice a Day
QID = Four times a day
OD = Once a Day
BT = Bed Time
hs = Bed Time
BBF = Before Breakfast
BD = Before Dinner
Tw = Twice a week
SQ = sub cutaneous
IM = Intramuscular . .
ID = Intradermal
IV = Intravenous
QAM = every morning
QPM =every night
Q4H = every 4 hours
QOD = every other day
HS = at bedtime
PRN = as needed
AC = before meals
PC = after meals
Mg = milligrams
Mcg/ug = micrograms
G or Gm = grams
1TSF ( Teaspoon) = 5 ml
1 Tablespoonful =15ml