Epinephrine (medication)

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This article is about the medication. For the natural hormone, see Adrenaline.

Epinephrine (medication)

Clinical data

Trade names EpiPen, Adrenaclick, others

AHFS/Drugs.co Monograph
m

MedlinePlus a603002

License data US FDA: epinephrine

Pregnancy  US: C (Risk not ruled out)

category

Addiction None
liability

Routes of IV, IM, endotracheal, IC, nasal, eye drop

administration

ATC code  A01AD01 (WHO) B02BC09 (WHO) C01CA24 (WHO) R01AA14 (WHO) R03AA01 (WHO) S01EA

01 (WHO)

Legal status

Legal status  AU: S4 (Prescription only)

 UK: POM (Prescription only)

  US: ℞-only

Pharmacokinetic data

Metabolism adrenergic synapse (MAOand COMT)

Onset of action Rapid[1]

Elimination hal 2 minutes

f-life

Duration of Few minutes[2]

action

Excretion Urine

Identifiers

IUPAC name[show]


CAS Number 51-43-4

 5816
PubChem CID


IUPHAR/BPS 479

DrugBank  DB00668

ChemSpider 5611

UNII  YKH834O4BH

KEGG  D00095

ChEBI  CHEBI:28918

ChEMBL  CHEMBL679

PDB ligand  ALE (PDBe, RCSB PDB)

Chemical and physical data

Formula C9H13NO3

Molar mass 183.204 g/mol

3D model  Interactive image

(JSmol)

Density 1.283±0.06 g/cm3 @ 20 °C, 760 Torr

SMILES[show]

InChI[show]

(verify)

Epinephrine, also known as adrenalin or adrenaline, is a medication and hormone.[3][4] As a

medication, it is used to treat a number of conditions, including anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, and
superficial bleeding.[1] Inhaled epinephrine may be used to improve the symptoms of croup.[5] It
may also be used for asthma when other treatments are not effective.[1] It is given intravenously,
by injection into a muscle, by inhalation, or by injection just under the skin.[1]
Common side effects include shakiness, anxiety, and sweating.[1] A fast heart rate and high blood
pressure may occur.[1]Occasionally, it may result in an abnormal heart rhythm.[1] While the safety
of its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear, the benefits to the mother must be
taken into account.[1]
Epinephrine is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons.[3] It plays an
important role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the
heart, pupil dilation, and blood sugar.[6][7] Epinephrine does this by its effects on alpha and beta
receptors.[7] It is found in many animals and some one cell organisms.[8][9]
Jokichi Takamine first isolated epinephrine in 1901.[10] It is on the World Health Organization's List
of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[11] It is
available as a generic medication.[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world is
between US$0.10 and US$0.95 a vial.[12] In the United States, the cost of the most commonly
used autoinjectorfor anaphylaxis was about US$600 for two in 2016, while a generic version was
about US$140 for two.[13]