MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

Buccinator maxilla, mandible orbicularis oris compresses cheek facial n. (VII)

Depressor labii inferioris mandible lower lip depresses lip "
Levator labii superioris maxilla, zygomatic orbicularis oris elevates upper lip "
Orbicularis oris muscle fibers around mouth skin at corner of mouth pucker lips "
Risorius fascia of cheeks corner of mouth smile "
Zygomatic major zygomatic bone angle of mouth elevates corner of mouth "
Levator palpebrae superioris around optic foramen upper eyelid elevates upper eyelid oculomotor n. (III)
Orbicularis oculi medial orbital margin skin around eyelid closes eye facial n. (VII)
Nasalis maxilla, alar cartilage bridge of nose depresses tip/elevates nostrils "
Frontalis galea aponeurotica skin of eyebrow and nose raises eyebr/wrinkles fh "
Occipitalis occipital bone galea aponeurotica draws scalp backward "
Platysma thorax(2nd rib & acromion) mandible depresses mandible "

EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

Inferior rectus sphenoid bone inf.med. Surface of eye lookdown oculomotor n.(III)
medial rectus " med. Surface of eye rotation medially "
superior rectus " sup. Surface of eye look up "
lateral rectus " lat surface of eye rotation laterally abducens n. (VI)
Inferior oblique " maxilla (orbit) rolls, looks up oculomotor n. (III)
Superior oblique sphenoid bone sup,lat surface of eye rolls, looks down trochlear n. (IV)

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

Masseter maxilla & zygomatic angle of mandible elevates mandible trigeminal n. (V)
Temporalis temporal bone coronoid process mandible elevates mandible "
Pterygoids (lat. & med) pterygoid plates mandible open/elevates jaws "

MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

Styloglossus styloid process side & undersurface tongue elevates and retracts tongue hypoglossal n. (XII)
Hyoglossus body of hyoid bone side of tongue depresses & retracts tongue "

MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

Pharyngeal constrictors sphenoid, hyoid, thyroid cartilage median raphe constrict pharynx pharyngeal plexus
Laryngeal elevators soft palate, auditory tube thyroid cartilage elevates larynx "
styloid process

MUSCLES OF THE NECK (ANTERIOR)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

Digastric ant belly: inf mandible, mastoid p. hyoid bone elevates hyoid bone trigeminal n.(V), facial n.
Omohyoid sup.border of scapula hyoid bone depresses hyoid bone spinal nerves (C2-C3)
Sternohyoid manubrium hyoid bone depresses hyoid bone spinal nerves (C1-C3)
Sternothyroid manubrium thyroid cartilage depresses thyroid cartilage "
Stylohyoid styloid process (temporal) hyoid bone elevates & retracts tongue facial n.(VII)

MUSCLES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

Splenius capitis cervical vertebra occipital bone extend head and neck cervical spinal n.
Erector spinae:three groups:iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
1. Iliocostalis (lateral) group-vertebra-vertebra
Iliocostalis lumborum iliac crest inferior six ribs extends lumbar region inf. Thoracic & lumbar n.
Iliocostalis thoracis inf. Six ribs sup. Six ribs maintains erect position thoracic spinal n.
Iliocostalis cervicis sup. Six ribs transverse process of 4th extends cervical region cervical & sup. Thoracic
to 6th cervical vertebrae spinal n's.
2. Longissimus (intermediate) group-vertebra
Longissimus thoracis transverse process lumbar v's trnsvrs prcesses thoracic
& lumbar v's & 9th-10th ribs extends thoracic region thoracic & spinal n's
Longissimus cervicis transverse processes 4th &
5th thoracic v's trnsvrs prcesses 2nd to
6th cervical v's " cervical & thoracic sp.n
Longissimus capitis transverse processes upper 4
thoracic v's & last 4 cervicals mastoid process xtnds head & rotates sm side "
3. Spinalis (medial) group - vertebra - vertebra
Spinalis thoracis spinous process upper lumbar spinous process upper
& lower thoracic v's (T6-T10) thoracic vertebrae extends vertebral column thoracic & lumbar n's
Spinalis cervicis ligamentum nuchae and
spinous process 7th cervical v. spinous process of axis extends vertebral column cervical spinal n's
Splenius capitis arises with capitis (C7-T4) inserts with capitis extends vertebral column "

Quadratum lumborum iliac crest & lumbar fascia transverse process upper flexes v. column laterally and T12 & upper lumbar
lumbar v. lwr mrgn 12th rb upright posture spinal n's

ABDOMINAL MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

Rectus abdominis symphisis pubis costal cartilage 5th flexes vertebral column intercostal n's
& 7th & xiphoid process
External oblique lower 8 ribs iliac crest & linea alba compresses abdomen intercostal n's
Internal oblique iliac crest, inguinal ligament costal cartilage of
& thoracolumbar fascia last 3-4 ribs compresses abdomen intercostal n's
Transverse abdominis costal cartilage inf. Rib,
 iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia linea alba & pubis compresses abdomen intercostal n's

MUSCLES USED IN BREATHING

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

Diaphragm xiphoid process central tendon expands thoracic cavity phrenic n's
External intercostals inf border of rib above sup. Border of rib below inspiration intercostal n's
Internal intercostals sup. Border of rib below inf. Birder of rib above expiration intercostal n's

MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC FLOOR

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

Lev ani 2 parts/ischm-pubis/ tailbone/raise flr of plvs

Pubococcygeus pubis coccyx, urethra anal canal supports and slightly raises Pudendal n's. (S2-S4)
central tendon of perineum pelvic floor
& anococcygeal raphe
Iliococcygeus ischial spine coccyx as above Pudendal n's. (S2-S4)
Bulbospongiousus central tendon of perineum penis & clitoris expel last drops of urine Pudendal n's. (S2-S4)
external urethral sphincter ischial & pubic rami fibers encircling urethra closes urethra Pudendal n's. (S2-S4)
external anal sphincter anococcygeal raphe (seam) central tendon of perineum closes anal opening Pudendal n's. (S2-S4)

PECTORAL GIRDLE AND SHOULDER JOINT

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

Trapezius occipital & cervical-thoracic v's spine & acromion raises clavicle, add,elevates & accessory n(XI) &
depresses scapula crvcl spinal n's.(C3-C4)
Deltoid clavicle, scapula humerus abducts, flexes arm axillary n. (C5-C6)
Levator scapulae
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboideus major
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres major
Teres minor
upper 4 cervical v's
sacrum, lumbar v's
thoracis v's
clavicle, sternum, cartilage
of 2nd-6th ribs
3rd & 5th ribs
upper 8-9 ribs
subscapular fossa
fossa. Sup to scapular spine
fossa. Inf to scapular spine
inf. Angle & lat. Border
of scapula
lat. Border of scapula
scapula raises scapula cervical n's (C3-C4) &
dorsal scapular n. (C5)
humerus extension, adduction, medial
rotation at shoulder thoracodorsal n.(C6-C8)
scapula adduc scapula/rotates down dorsal scapular n. (C5)
greater tubercle flexes, abducts, rotates arm pectoral n's(C5-T1)
coracoid process scapula dprss scapula, rotates down medial pectoral n.(C8-T1)
ant. Surface of vertebral
border of scapula rotates scapula sup/laterally long thoracic n.(C5-C7)
lesser tubercle of humerus rotates shoulder joint medially subscapular n's(C5-C6)
greater tubercle o abducts/ltrlly rotates shoulder suprascapular n.(C5)
greater tubercle rotates shoulder joint laterally sprscpular n's(C5-C6)
crest of lesser tubercle extension, adduction, medial
of humerus rotation of shoulder lwr subscplr n.(C5-C6)
greater tubercle lat. Rotation of shoulder axillary n. (C5-C6)

MUSCLES of FOREARM AND HAND

ACTION AT THE ELBOW

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

FLEXORS
Biceps brachii short head: coracoid process radial tuberosity flexion at elbow, supinates musculocutaneous n.
long head:supraglenoid tubercle forearm (C5-C6)
Brachialis ant, distal surface of humerus ulnar tuberosity flexion at elbow as above + radial n.
Brachioradialis lat epicondyle of humerus styloid process of radius flexion at elbow radial n.(C-5-C6)

EXTENSORS
Anconeus post surface lat epicondyle olecranon (ulna) extension at elbow radial n. (C5-C6)
of humerus
Triceps brachii lat head: sup/lat margin humerus
long head: tubercle scapula
med head: post surface humerus olecranon (ulna) extension at elbow radial n. (C5-C6)
PRONATORS/SUPINATORS
Pronator teres med epicondyle humerus lat surface radius pronates forearm & hand median n.(C6-C7)
Supinator lat epicondyle humerus lat surface radius supinates forearm & hand deep radial n.(C6-C8)
and crest of ulna

ACTION AT THE HAND

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

FLEXORS
Flexor carpi radialis med epicondyle humerus 2nd & 3rd metacarpals flexion & abduction at wrist median n.(C6-C7)
Flexor carpi ulnaris med epicondyle humerus pisiform, hamate & flexion & adduction at wrist ulnar n.(C8-T1)
& ant/med ulna base of 5th metacarpal
Palmaris longus med epicondyle humerus palmar aponeurosis flexion at wrist median n.(C6-C7)

EXTENSORS
Extensor carpi radialis longus lat condylar ridge humerus base 2nd metacarpal extension & abduction wrist radial n.(C6-C7)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis lat epicondyle humerus base 3rd metacarpal as above radial n.(C6-C7)
Extensor carpi ulnaris lat epicondyle humerus base 5th metacarpal extension & adduction wrist deep radial n. (C6-C8)

MUSCLES of HAND AND FINGERS

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

Extensor digitorum lat epicondyle humerus post surface of phalanges extension at finger joint/wrist deep radial n.(C6-C8)
Flexor digitorum superficialis med epicondyle humerus midlat/ mid phalanges flexion of fingers median n.(C7-T1)
Flexor digitorum profundus med &post surfaces of ulna base distal phalanges flexion of fingers palmar interosseous n.
(C8-T1)

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

Gluteus maximus iliac crest/sacrum/lumbodorsal f. iliotibial t./gluteal tuberosity extension, lat rotation of hip in. gluteal n.(L5-S2)
Gluteus medius ant iliac crest greater trochanter femur abduction, med rotation of hip sup gluteal n.(L4-S1)
Gluteus minimus lat surface of ilium as above as above as above
Tensor fascia latae iliac crest, ant sup iliac spine iliotibial tract flexion, med rotation at hip as above
Adductor brevis ramus of pubis linea aspera of femur adduction, flexion, rot hip obturator n.(L3-L4)
adductor longus ramus of pubis as above as above as above
adductor magnus ramus of pubis linea aspera of femur abduction at hip obturator n. & sciatic n's
Pectineus sup ramus of pubis pectineal line in femur flexion, med rotation, addu. femoral n.(L2-L4)
Gracilis ramus of pubis med surface of tibia flexion at knee, add, rot hip obturator n.(L3-L4)
Iliacus iliac fossa femur d. lesser trochanter flexion at hip femoral n.(L2-L3)
Psoas major ant surface transv. Processes lesser trochanter as above lumbar plexus (L2-L3)
T12-L5 vertebrae

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

FLEXORS OF THE KNEE

Biceps femoris ischial tuberosity & linea aspera head, lat condyle of tibia flexion at knee, ext, lat rot hip sciatic n.(S1-S3) and
peroneal branch (L5-S2)
Semimembranosus ischial tuberosity med condyle of tibia flexion at knee, med rot hip sciatic n.(L5-S2)
Semitendinosus as above medsurafce of tibia as above as above
Sartorius ant sup iliac spine med surface tibia knee flexion/flexion& lat rot hip femoral n.(L2-L3)
Popliteus lat condyle femur post surface tibial shaft med rot of tibia at knee tibial n. (L4-S1)

EXTENSORS OF THE KNEE

Rectus femoris ant inf iliac spine tibial tuberosity knee extension/flexion at hip femoral n.(L2-L4)
Vastus intermedius ant surface femur/linea asp as above extension at knee as above
Vastus lateralis greater trochanter/linea asp as above as above as above
Vastus medialis entire length linea aspera as above as above as above

MUSCLES of FOOT AND TOES

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

DORSIFLEXORS

Tibialis anterior lat condyle and tibial shaft 1st metatarsal and dorsiflexion/inversion of foot deep peroneal n.(L4-S1)
medial cuneiform
PLANTAR FLEXORS

Gastrocnemius femoral condyles calcaneus plantar flexion, inversion, add. tibial n. (S1-S2)
Peroneus brevis midlat margin fibula 5th metatarsal foot eversion/plantar flexion sup peroneal n.(L4-S1)
Peroneus longus lat condyle tibia, shaft fibula 1st metatarsal, m cuneif. eversion of foot/ankle flexion as above
Plantaris lat supracondylar ridge calcaneus plantar flexion/flexion at knee tibial n. (L4-S1)
Soleus head, shaft fibula calacaneus plantar flexion at ankle/add sciatic n. (S1-S2)
Tibialis posterior interosseous membrane tarsal & metatarsals add and inversion of foot, as above
plantar flexion at ankle

DIGITAL FLEXORS

Flexor digitorum longus post/med surface tibia distal phalanges (2-5) flexion of toes sciatic n. (L5-S1)
Flexor hallucis longus post surface fibula distal phalange big toe flexion big toe as above

DIGITAL EXTENSORS

Extensor digitorum longus lat condyle tibia/ant fibula sup surface phalanges extension of toes deep peroneal n. (L4-S1)
Extensor hallucis longus ant surface fibula sup phalanx big toe extension big toe as above