Mechanics of Solids

1. How do you classify the Solid Mechanics?

2. What are the different Material properties?

• Elasticity, Plasticity, Ductility, Malleability, Brittleness, Toughness and Hardness

• Strength: It is the ability of the material to resist the externally applied forces without
breaking or yielding

• Stiffness: It is the ability of the material to resist deformation under stress. The modulus
of elasticity is the measure of the stiffness.

• Elasticity: It is the property of the material to regain its shape after deformation, when
the external forces are removed. This property is desirable for materials used in tools and
machines. It may be noted that steel is more elastic than rubber.

• Plasticity: It is the property of the material which retains the deformation produced under
load permanently. This property of the material is necessary for forging images or coins
and in ornamental work.

• Ductility: It is the property of the material enabling it to be drawn in to wire with the
application of tensile force. A ductile material must be both strong and plastic

Dr.Y.Venkatanarayana, Prof. of MED, SNIST 1

 • Brittleness: It is the property of breaking of a material with little permanent distortion.
It is the property of the material opposite to the ductility. Brittle materials when subjected
to tensile loads, snap off without giving any sensible elongation. Glass is an example.

• Malleability: It is the special case of ductility which permits material to be rolled or

hammered in to sheets. Malleable material should be plastic , but it is not essential to be
so strong.

• Toughness: It is the property of the material to resist fracture due to high impact load like
hammer blow.

• Creep: It is the property of the material to resist constant pressure at high temperature for
a long period of time. It will undergo slow and permanent deformation.

• Hardness: It is a property to resistance to wear, scratching, deformation and

machinability etc.

3. Draw the Stress-Strain Diagram for mild steel

 Proportionality limit(A): The stress and strain are directly proportional(stress strain
relation is linear) from point O-A

 The slope of the straight line from O to A is called the modulus of elasticity.

 Elastic limit (B): Region A-B is the nonlinear region in which the stress is not
proportional to the strain and elongation increases more rapidly. It regains original
dimension after removal of load.

Dr.Y.Venkatanarayana, Prof. of MED, SNIST 2

  Upper Yield point(C) At this point there is increase in strain even though there is no
increase in stress (load), while yielding occurs.

 Lower Yield point (C) At Lower yield point Load remains same but strain get increases

 (C) and (D) - Beyond the elastic limit plastic deformation occurs and strains are not
totally recoverable. There will be thus permanent deformation or permanent set when
load is removed. These two points are termed as upper and lower yield points
respectively.

 Ultimate stress (D): The ultimate stress is the highest point on the stress strain curve.
Formation of the neck or waist in the specimen, resulting decrease in load.

 Fracture: It is the stress corresponding the failure point “E” of the stress strain curve.

4. Define Factor Of Safety?

5. Differentiate between Statically Determinate and Indeterminate structures

Statically determinate structures are those in which reactions and internal forces can be
determined with the help of statics (equilibrium equations) only.. For eg - simply supported
beam, cantilever beam, three hinged arch, etc.

But in case of indeterminate structures, there are extra constraints by supports or members
(redundancies) than required to obtain statically determinate and stable structures. So statics as
well as compatibility conditions are required to analyze indeterminate structures.. For eg -
propped cantilever, two hinged arch, both end fixed beam..

– Equilibrium equations

– Compatibility equations

– Constitutive equations

6. What is the bulk modulus of the material?

Bulk modulus is termed as the proportion of volumetric stress related to the volumetric strain of
a specified material, while the material deformation is within elastic limit.

Dr.Y.Venkatanarayana, Prof. of MED, SNIST 3

7. What are the different types of stresses?

Normal stresses, Bearing Stresses and Shear stresses.

Shear Stresses: Cross – sectional area of a block of material is subject to a distribution of

forces which are parallel, rather than normal, to the area concerned. Such forces are associated
with a shearing of the material, and are referred to as shear forces. The resulting stress is known
as shear stress.

8. What is the endurance limit?

Endurance limit or fatigue is the maximum stress that member can withstand for a infinite
number of load applications without failure when subjected to complete reverse loading.

9. What is the difference between true stress and engineering stress?

True stress is defined as the load divided by the cross-sectional area of the specimen at that
instant and is a true indication of the internal pressures.

Engineering stress is defined by the load divided by the initial cross sectional area of the
specimen

10. Is there any difference between point of inflection and point of contraflexture?

Point of inflection is the point where Elastic curve of the loaded body changes its curvature

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While, Point of Contraflexture is the point at which Bending moment changes its sign.

11. When bending moment will be maximum?

Bending moment is maximum when shear force is zero.

Dr.Y.Venkatanarayana, Prof. of MED, SNIST 5