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1 1
Reading Test
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
DIRECTIONS
Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or
graph).
Questions 1-10 are based on the following The professor was partly right. Our artist
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage.
sometimes wanted to enjoy himself, to play
This passage is adapted from Nikolai Gogol, "The 30 the top, in short, to give vent to his youthful
Mysterious Portrait." Originally published in 1835.
impulses in some way or other; but he could
Young Tchartkoff was an artist of talent, control himself withal. At times he would
which promised great things: his work gave forget everything, when he had once taken
evidence of observation, thought, and a his brush in his hand, and could not tear
strong inclination to approach nearer to 35 himself from it except as from a delightful
5 nature. dream. His taste perceptibly developed. He
"Look here, my friend," his professor said did not as yet understand all the depths of
to him more than once, "you have talent; it Raphael, but he was attracted by Guido's
will be a shame if you waste it: but you are broad and rapid handling, he paused before
impatient; you have but to be attracted by 40 Titian's portraits, he delighted in the Flemish
10 anything, to fall in love with it, you become masters. The dark veil enshrouding the
engrossed with it, and all else goes for ancient pictures had not yet wholly passed
nothing, and you won't even look at it. See away from before them; but he already saw
to it that you do not become a fashionable something in them, though in private he did
artist. At present your colouring begins to 45 not agree with the professor that the
15 assert itself too loudly; and your drawing is secrets of the old masters are irremediably
at times quite weak; you are already striving lost to us. It seemed to him that the
after the fashionable style, because itstrikes nineteenth century had improved upon
the eye at once. Have a care! society already them considerably, that the delineation of
begins to have its attraction for you: 50 nature was more clear, more vivid, more close.
20 I have seen you with a shiny hat, a foppish
neckerchief .... It is seductive to paint
fashionable little pictures and portraits for
money; but talent is ruined, not developed,
by that means. Be patient; think out every
25 piece of work, discard your foppishness; let
others amass money, your own will not fail
you."
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.
2 CO NTI N U E
1 1
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
It sometimes vexed him when he saw 1
how a strange artist, French or German, The passage is primarily focused on the
sometimes not even a painter by
profession, but only a skilful dauber, A) influence of a professor on one of his students.
55 produced, by the celerity of his brush and
the vividness of his colouring, a universal B) struggles of a young artist confli c ted about
commotion, and amassed in a twinkling a his values.
funded capital. This did not occur to him C) descent of a character into hopelessness and
when fully occupied with his own work, for madness.
60 then he forgot food and drink and all the D) personal life of a young painter in relation to
world. But when dire want arrived, when he his art.
had no money wherewith to buy brushes
and colours, when his implacable landlord
came ten times a day to demand the rent 2
65 for his rooms, then did the luck of the The first paragraph serves mainly to establish the
wealthy artists recur to his hungry
imagination; then did the thought which so A) ironic outlook of the narrator.
often traverses Russian minds, to give up B) central conflict d epicted in t h e passage.
altogether, and go down hill, utterly to the C) main character's defining artistic traits.
70 bad, traverse his. And now he was almost in
D) relationship between two characters.
this frame of mind.
"Yes, it is all very well, to be patient, be
patient!" he exclaimed, with vexation; "but 3
there is an end to patience at last. Be
The passage suggests that Tchartkoff 's professor
75 patient! but what money have I to buy a believes that great art should be
dinner with to-morrow? No one will lend me
A) technically accomplished and not garish.
any. If I did bring myself to sell all my
pictures and sketches, they would not give B) pleasing to the eye but not overly popular.
me twenty kopeks for the whole of them. C) original in approach and spontaneous in execution.
80 They are useful; I feel that not one of them D) representative of the artist's morals and beliefs.
has been undertaken in vain; I have learned
something from each one. Yes, but of what
use is it? Studies, sketches, all will be 4
studies, trial-sketches to the end. And who Which choice provides the best evidence for
85 will buy, not even knowing me by name? the answer to the previous question?
Who wants drawings from the antique, or
the life class, or my unfinished love of a A) lines 6-12 (''Look ... at it'')
Psyche, or the interior of my room, or the B) lines 14-18 (''At present ... once'')
portrait of Nikita, though it is better, to tell C) lines 18-21 (''Have ... neckerchief'')
90 the truth, than the portraits by any of the D) lines 28-32 (''The professor ... withal'')
fashionable artists? Why do I worry, and toil
like a learner over the alphabet, when I
might shine as brightly as the rest, and have
money, too, like them?"

3 CO NTI N U E
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8
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5
T he passage suggests that to some extent, Tchartkoff
As used in line 13, line 17, and line 22, the
word ''fashionable'' most nearly means finds maintaining his high artistic standards to be a
A) stylish. A) means of attaining short-lived fame as opposed to
B) trendy. a lasting reputation.
C) modern. B) goal less important for his professor than it is for
D) conventional. himself.
C) necessary pathway to a goal he now seeks to

6 accomplish.
According to the passage, one point of disagreement D) laborious undertaking that does not provide
between Tchartkoff and his professor concerns suitable compensation.
whether
A) making money from selling paintings destroys 9
artistic integrity. Which choice provides the best evidence for
the answer to the previous question?
B) fashionable artists are capable of making enough
money from their art to support themselves. A) lines 72-74 (''Yes ... last'')
C) nineteenth-century painters had been able to B) lines 77-79 (''If I ... them'')
expand on the insights of the old masters. C) lines 84-86 (''And who ... name'')
D) lines 91-94 (''Why ... them'')
D) nonprofessional painters are capable of producing
serious artworks. 10
The last paragraph primarily serves to
A) suggest contradictions in Tchartkoff's argument.
7 B) expose the hypocrisy of Tchartkoff's mind-set.

As used in line 61, ''want'' most nearly means C) catalog Tchar tkoff's frustrations with his
A) need. situation.
B) absence. D) examine the subject matter of Tchartkoff's

paintings.
C) ambition.
D) greed.

4 CO NTI N U E
1 1
Questions 11-21 are based on the following surrounding the event that most people
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage and supplementary material.
40 would for get the second they happened.
This passage is adapted from Tara Thean, "Remember The scientists showed participants word
That? No You Don't. Study Shows False Memories Afflict
Us All." ©2013 by Time, Inc.
lists, then removed the lists and tested the
subjects on words that had and hadn't been
included. Each list invoked a so-called
Line
The phenomenon of false memories is
45 critical lure-a word commonly associated
common to everybody-the party you're
with the words on the list, but that did not
certain you attended in high school, say,
actually appear on the list. The word sleep,
when you were actually home with the flu,
for example, might be falsely remembered
5 but so many people have told you about it
as appearing on a list that included the
over the years that it's made its way into
50 words pillow, duvet and nap. All of the
your own memory cache. False memories
participants in both groups fell for the lures,
can sometimes be a mere curiosity, but
with at least eight such errors per
other times they have real implications.
personthough some tallied as many as 20.
10 Innocent people have gone to jail when well
Both groups also performed unreliably
intentioned eyewitnesses testify to events
when shown photographs and fed
that actually unfolded an entirely different 55
information intended to make them think
way.
they'd seen details in the pictures they
What's long been a puzzle to memory
hadn't. Here too, the HSAM subjects cooked
15 scientists is whether some people may be
up as many fake images as the ordinary folks
more susceptible to false memories than
"What I love about the study is how it
others-and, by extension, whether some
60
communicates something that memory-
people with exceptionally good memories
distortion researchers have suspected for
may be immune to them. A new study in
some time, that perhaps no one is immune
20 the Proceedings of the National Academy of
to memory distortion," said Patihis.
Sciences answers both questions with a
65 What the study doesn't do, Patihis
decisive no. False memories afflict
admits, is explain why HSAM people exist
everyone-even people with the best
at all. Their prodigious recall is a matter of
memories of all.
scientific fact, and one of the goals of the
25 To conduct the study, a team led by
new work was to see if an innate resistance
psychologist Lawrence Patihis of the
to manufactured memories might be one of
University of California, Irvine, recruited a
70
the reasons. But on that score, the
sample group of people all of approximately
researchers came up empty.
the same age and divided them into two
"It rules something out," Patihis said.
30 subgroups: those with ordinary memory
"[HSAM individuals] probably reconstruct
and those with what is known as highly
memories in the same way that ordinary
superior autobiographical memory
75
people do. So now we have to think about
(HSAM).You've met people like that before,
how else we could explain it." He and others
and they can be downright eerie. They're
will continue to look for that secret sauce
35 the ones who can tel I you the exact date on
that elevates superior recall over the
which particular events happened-whether
80 ordinary kind. But for now, memory still
in their own lives or in the news-as well as
appears to be fragile, malleable and prone
all manner of minute additional details
to errors-for all of us.

5 CO NTI N U E
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Figure 1 Figure 2
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Recall of Words Included Recall of Critical Lures
..... in Word List Test
0 ....... '"O
0 v
in Word List Test
Vl V) Vl '"O
§ � 0.8 0.8
0 0r::: ..=!
·.;: c:
u
� � 0.7
·-
� ·- 0.7
'"O
'"O 0. 6 '"OQ 0 .6
.s �
.� .� E-
� s
....... u 0.
5 . z
05
0 c: � .tj .
c::: . - 0.4 § 5
0 ._ 0 �
t c: 0.3 t 0 0.3
·-
·-
0 0 0
4-
0... .-�- 0. 2 s § 0.2

0
� � 0.1 0.1
� •;::)
0... ·-
c::: c:
� �
c: u
� � 0.0
� HSAM ordinary � � HSAM ordinary
group memory group group memory group
11 13
As used in line 8, ''curiosity'' most nearly means Which choice provides the best evidence for
the answer to the previous question?
A) concern.
A) lines 1-7 (''The phenomenon ... cache'')
B) question.
B) lines 7-9 (''False ... implications'')
C) oddity.
C) lines 10-13 (''Innocent ... way'')
D) wonder.
D) lines 22-24 (''False ... all'')
12 14
Which statement about false memories can As used in line 35, ''exact'' most nearly means
reasonably be inferred from the passage? A) precise.
A) They can interfere with a person's deductive B) rigorous.
reasoning ability.
C) honest.
B) They correlate with attempts to remember large D) distinct.
amounts of information.
C) They are more commonly associated with events in
the distant rather than the recent past.
D) They can have consequences that are genuinely
damaging.

6 CO NTI N U E
1 1
15 19
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
According to the passage, one characteristic of the Figure 1 and figure 2 together support which
word lists used in the study was that each list conclusion about the study subjects with
A) appeared in conjunction with related visual images. ordinary memory?
B) consisted of words intended to evoke emotional A) They often recalled words that neither were
reactions. included on the list nor were critical lures.
C) included words related to a central theme or topic.
B) They were allowed more time to complete the test
D) made use of relatively straightforward words. than were the study subjects with HSAM.
16 C) They rec al led a greater proportion of critical

Which statement about the study led by Patihis can lures than included words, on average.
reasonably be inferred from the passage?
D) They confused critical lures for included words
A) Its overall goal has been questioned by several approximately 50 percent of the time, on average.
researchers.
B) Its main finding was not a surprise to
certain scientists.
C) Its methodology is thought to be highly innovative. 20
Figure 2 and the passage both support which
D) It provided a definitive resolution to an ongoing
assertion about people with HSAM?
debate.
17 A) They are characterized by an exceptional ability
to recall minute details of daily events.
Which choice provides the best evidence for
the answer to the previous question? B) They are almost as susceptible to verbal lures as
they are to visual lures.
A) lines 60-64 (''What ... Patihis'')
B) lines 65-67 (''What ... all'') C) They are more skilled than people with ordinary
C) lines 67-71 (''Their ... reasons'') memory in distinguishing false memories from
true memories.
D) lines 73-77 (''It rules ... explain it'')
D) They are about as susceptible to memory
18 distortion as are people with ordinary memory.
What claim about the participants' recall of
included words is supported by figure 1?
21
A) The mean proportion of indications of recognition
of included words was over 0.8 in the HSAM group The main purpose of the passage is to
and about 0.7 in the ordinary memory group.
A) discuss a finding that addresses an ongoing problem.
B) The mean proportion of indications of recognition of B) describe an experiment whose results support a
included words was over 0.7 in the HSAM group and particular conclusion.
between 0.6 and 0.7 in the ordinary memory group.
C) introduce a research methodology that
C) There was no difference between the HSAM group revolutionizes a process.
and the ordinary memory group.
D) outline a scientific study that undermines a popular
D) The ordinary memory group recalled more included theory.
words than did the HSAM group.

7 CO NTI N U E
1 1
Questions 22-31 are based on the following
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage and supplementary material. hyphae but not by roots. The two remaining
This passage is adapted from "Beans' Talk." ©2013 by The
40 plants, one of which was at the centre of
Economist Newspaper Limited. the array, were left to grow unimpeded.
Five weeks after the experiment began,
all the plants were covered by bags that
allowed carbon dioxide, oxygen and water
The idea that plants have developed a 45 vapor in and out, but stopped the passage
subterranean internet, which they use to of larger molecules, of the sort a beanstalk
raise the alarm when danger threatens, might use for signalling. Then, four days
Line sounds like science fiction. But David from the end, one of the 40-micron meshes
Johnson of the University of Aberdeen
5
in each mesocosm was rotated to sever any
believes he has shown that just such an
50 hyphae that had penetrated it, and the
internet, with fungal hyphae [the branching
central plant was then infested with aphids.
filaments that make up a fungus's body]
standing in for local Wi-Fi, alerts beanstalks At the end of the experiment Dr.
10 to danger if one of their neighbours is Johnson and his team collected the air
attacked by aphids. inside the bags, extracted any volatile
Dr. Johnson knew from his own past 55 chemicals in it by absorbing them into a
work that when broad-bean plants are special porous polymer, and tested those
attacked by aphids they respond with chemicals on both aphids and wasps. Each
15 volatile chemicals that both irritate the insect was placed for five minutes in an
parasites and attract aphid-hunting wasps. apparatus that had two chambers, one of
He did not know, though, whether the 60 which contained a sample of the volatiles
message could spread from plant to plant. and the other an odorless control.
So he set out to find out-and to do so in a The researchers found that when the
20 way which would show if fungi were the volatiles came from an infested plant,
messengers. wasps spent an average of 3.5 minutes in
He and his colleagues set up eight 65 the chamber containing them and 1.5 in the
"mesocosms" [enclosed natural other chamber. Aphids, conversely, spent
environments], each containing five 1.75 minutes in the volatiles' chamber and
25 beanstalks. The plants were allowed to 3.25 in the control. In other words, the
grow for four months, and during this time
volatiles from an infested plant attract
every plant could interact with symbiotic
70 wasps and repel aphids.
fungi in the soil.
Not all of the beanstalks, though, had Crucially, the team got the same result in
30 the same relationship with the fungi. In the case of uninfested plants that had been
each mesocosm, one plant was surrounded in uninterrupted hyphal contact with the
by a mesh penetrated by holes half a micron infested one, but had had root contact
[0.0001 centimeter] across. Gaps
that size are too small for either roots or
35 hyphae to penetrate, but they do permit the
passage of water and dissolved chemicals.
Two plants were surrounded with a 40
micron mesh. This can be penetrated by

8 CO NTI N U E
1 1
blocked. If both hyphae and roots had been 23
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
75
blocked throughout the experiment, though, The passage suggests that in designing the
the volatiles from uninfested plants actually experiment, Johnson relied on the fact that
attracted aphids (they spent 3.5 minutes in A) fungal hyphae warn beanstalks of danger if a
the volatiles' chamber), while the wasps nearby plant is attacked.
80 were indifferent. The same pertained for the B) wasps are harmful to the ongoing existence of
odor of uninfested plants whose hyphal broad bean plants.
connections had been allowed to develop, C) broad bean plants release noxious chemicals to
and then severed by the rotation of the ward off infestation.
mesh. D) aphids are able to withstand the aggressive
85 Broad beans, then, really do seem to be maneuvers used by wasps.
using their fungal symbionts as a
communications network, warning their 24
neighbours to take evasive action. Such a
Based on the passage, what research question was the
general response no doubt helps the plant experiment mainly attempting to answer?
90 first attacked by attracting yet more wasps
A) How are wasps able to protect broad
to the area, and it helps the fungal
bean plants from an attack by aphids?
messengers by preserving their leguminous
B) Will broad bean plants grown in an artificial
hosts.
environment release volatile chemicals?
C) Do broad bean plants use fungal hyphae to help
convey information?
D) Can broad bean plants communicate if their roots are
restricted from growing?
22 25
The first paragraph of the passage introduces the Which choice provides the best evidence for the
subsequent discussion mainly by answer to the previous question?
A) indicating that communication among plants is
more widespread than is recognized. A) lines 17-21 (''He did . .. messengers'')
B) emphasizing the complexity of plant and B) lines 30-37 (''In each ... chemicals'')
parasite interactions.
C) lines 37-39 (''Two ... roots'')
C) using an analogy to show how communication
among plants might occur. D) lines 42-47 (''Five ... signalling'')
D) providing a rationale for an unorthodox
research study on plants.

9 CO NTI N U E
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26 29
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The third and fourth paragraphs (lines 22-41) Which choice best describes the nature of the
primarily serve to relationship between the broad bean plants and
A) evaluate the experiment's methods. fungi discussed in the passage?
B) formulate the experiment's goal. A) Mutually beneficial, since both organisms profit
C) document the experiment's findings. from the arrangement
D) explain the experiment's conditions. B) Somewhat unbalanced, since one organism
appears to benefit more than the other
27 C) Highly parasitic, since one organism benefits
As used in line 61, ''control'' most nearly means while the other experiences harm
A) regulating force. D) Necessarily codependent, since neither

B) restrictive mechanism. organism can produce chemicals independently
of the other
C) comparative element.
D) supervising factor.
30
28
Which choice provides the best evidence for the
Based on the passage, which factor is most likely answer to the previous question?
responsible for aphids' attraction to some of the
uninfested plants in the experiment? A) lines 71-75 (''Crucially ... contact blocked'')
B) lines 75-78 (''If both ... aphids'')
A) The plants were unable to receive distress signals
from infested plants through hyphal contact. C) lines 80-84 (''The same ... mesh'')
D) lines 88-93 (''Such ... hosts'')
B) The plants had emitted a chemical that repelled
the wasps that were attracted to infested plants.
31
C) The plants had developed hyphal connections
with the fungi. In Passage 1, Douglass characterizes Banks's labor
policy in Louisiana as
D) The plants' root systems had become A) inconsistent with Banks's supposed opposition to slavery.
compromised by the aphids.
B) contrary to the purpose of the government's abolition
of slavery.
C) worse in many respects than the slavery system that it
replaced.
D) an improvement over slavery but still far from ideal.
CO NTI N U E
10
1 1
Questions 32-41 are based on the following society, and holds his liberty as a privilege,
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
35
passage.
not as a right. He is at the mercy of the
Passage 1 is adapted from a speech delivered in April 1865 mob, and has no means of protecting
by Frederick Douglass, "What the Black Man Wants."
Passage 2 is adapted from a speech delivered in June 1865
himself.
by Richard H. Dana Jr., "To Consider the Subject of Re- It may be objected, however, that this
organization of the Rebel States." Union general Nathaniel 40 pressing of the Negro's right to suffrage is
Banks instituted a forced labor policy for free African premature. Let us have slavery abolished, it
Americans in Louisiana. Dana played a prominent role in
debates about the status of Southern states following the may be said, let us have labor organized,
end of the US Civil War in 1865. and then, in the natural course of events,
the right of suffrage will be extended to the
Line Passage 1
45 Negro. I do not agree with this. The
I hold that [Banks's] policy is our chief
danger at the present moment; that it constitution of the human mind is such,
practically enslaves the Negro, and makes that if it once disregards the conviction
5 the [Emancipation] Proclamation of 1863 a forced upon it by a revelation of truth, it
mockery and delusion. What is freedom? It requires the exercise of a higher power to
is the right to choose one's own 50 produce the same conviction afterwards ...
employment. Certainly it means that, if it This is the hour. Our streets are in
means anything; and when any individual or mourning, tears are falling at every fireside,
10 combination of individuals undertakes to and under the chastisement of this
decide for any man when he shall work, Rebellion we have almost come up to the
where he shall work, at what he shall work, 55 point of conceding this great, this all
and for what he sh al I work, he or they important right of suffrage. I fear that if we
practically reduce him to slavery. He is a fail to do it now, ... we may not see, for
15 slave. That I understand Gen. Banks to do centuries to come, the same disposition
to determine for the so-called freedman, that exists at this moment.
when, and where, and at what, and for how 60 Passage 2
much he shall work, when he shall be Is it enough that we have emancipation
punished, and by whom punished. It is and abolition upon the statute books? In
20 absolute slavery. It defeats the beneficent
some states of society, I should say yes. In
intention of the Government, if it has
ancient times when the slaves were of the
beneficent intentions, in regards to the
freedom of our people.
65 same race with their masters, when the
I have had but one idea for the last three slaves were poets, orators, scholars,
25 years to present to the American people, ministers of state, merchants, and the
and the phraseology in which I clothe it is mothers of kings-if they were
the old abolition phraseology. I am for the emancipated, nature came to their aid, and
"immediate, unconditional, and universal" 70 they reached an equality with their masters.
enfranchisement of the black man, in every Their children became patricians. But, my
30 State in the Union. Without this, his liberty is friends, this is a slavery of race; it is a
a mockery; without this, you might as well slavery which those white people have been
almost retain the old name of slavery for his taught, for thirty years, is a divine
condition; for in fact, if he is not the slave of 75 institution. I ask you, has the Southern heart
the individual master, he is the slave of

11 CO NTI N U E
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32
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
been fired for thirty years for nothing? Have
those doctrines been sown, and no fruit As used in line 14, ''practically'' most nearly means
reaped? Have they been taught that the A) effectively
negro is not fit for freedom, have they B) reasonably
80 believed that, and are they converted in a
C) cleverly
day? Besides all that, they look upon the
D) partially
negro as the cause of their defeat and
humiliation .... 34
What are their laws? Why, their laws, As used in line 58, ''disposition'' most nearly means
85 many of them, do not allow a free negro to A) habit
live in their States. When we emancipated
B) placement
the slaves, did we mean they should be
C) settlement
banished-is that it? Is that keeping public
faith with them? And yet their laws declare D) attitude
90 so, and may declare it again. 35
That is not all! By their laws, a black man
A) slaves were allowed to choose what kind of work
cannot testify in court; by their laws he
they performed, while in the United States slaves
cannot hold land; by their laws he cannot were forced into agricultural and domestic labor.
vote. Now, we have got to choose between
B) slavery was not based on race and thus former
95 two results. With these four millions of
slaves could achieve equality with slaveholders,
negroes, either you must have four millions while in the United States race-based slavery leads
of disfranchised, disarmed, untaught, some people to view former slaves as inferior.
landless, degraded men, or else you must
have four millions of land-holding, C) people could be enslaved for a variety of reasons,
including race, while in the United States people
100 industrious, arms-bearing and voting were enslaved only on the grounds of their race.
population. Choose between these two!
Which will you have? It has got to be D) former slaves were legally inferior but socially
decided pretty soon, which you will have. equal to slaveholders, while in the United States
former slaves are legally equal to former
The corner-stone of those institutions will
slaveholders but discriminated against socially.
105 not be slavery, in name, but their institutions
will be built upon the mud-sills of a debased
negro population. Is that public safety? Is it 36
public faith? Are those republican ideas, or Which choice provides the best evidence that
republican institutions? Dana believes that the conditions of Southern
black men must be improved quickly to avoid
negative long-term consequences
A) lines 71-75 (''But, my ... institution'')

B) lines 86-89 (''When ...t hem'')
C) lines 89-91 (''And yet ... all'')
D) lines 102-107 (''It has ... population'')

12 CO NTI N U E
1 1
37
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
40
As used in line 76, ''fired'' most nearly means
Based on Passage 1, Douglass would most likely
A) dismissed respond to Dana's comments in lines 91-94,
B) illuminated Passage 2, by stating tha
C) propelled A) Dana's mentioning of the many injustices that
black men endure is highly insensitive.
D) roused
B) the conditions that Dana points out that black men
experience constitute a form of slavery.
38
C) Dana should not assume that black men will
Both Douglass and Dana make the point that
continue to be satisfied with limited rights.
the abolition of slavery in the United States
was D) Dana is wrong to assume that slavery will remain
A) necessary to prevent additional civil conflicts from illegal in former slave states
ar1s1ng.
B) insufficient to ensure true freedom and equality 41
for black men.
Which choice from Passage 1 provides the best evidence
C) undermined by Banks's forced labor policies.
for the answer to the previous question?
D) the fulfillment of the founding ideals of the United
States. A) lines 2-6 (''I hold ... delusion'')
B) lines 20-23 (''It defeats ... people'')
39 C) lines 27-30 (''I am ... Union'')
Based on the two passages, Douglass and Dana D) Iines 30-3 6 (''Without ... right'')
differ in their views of the effect of the Civil War
in that Douglass believes that the war has
A) created a political climate in which the extension of
black men's rights seems more feasible, while Dana
believes that such an extension faces opposition
from those who blame black men for the South's
defeat.
B) harmed the employment prospects of black men,
while Dana believes that Southerners are beginning
to recognize the important role black workers can
play in the postwar economy.
C) led white Southerners to oppose equal rights for

black men more strongly than before, while Dana
believes the war has encouraged white Southerners
to see black men as their equals.
D) created a brief period in which white voters might

expand the rights of black men, while Dana believes
that the rights of black men will not be expanded
until memories of the war begin to fade.

13 CO NTI N U E
1 1
Questions 42-52 are based on the following
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passages.
consistently more aggressive than black
headed birds.
This passage and accompanying figures are adapted from
Sam Hardman, "Gouldian Finches' Head Colour Reflects
To test the birds' willingness to take
Their Personality." ©2012 by Ecologica 45 risks, the researchers deprived the birds of
food for one hour before the birds' feeder
Line In order to determine if head colour was replaced. After the birds had calmly
really does indicate personality traits in begun to feed, a silhouette of an avian
Gouldian finches, researcher Leah Williams predator was moved up and down in front
and her colleagues tested a number of 50
of the cage to scare the birds from the
5 predictions. First they looked at pairs of feeder. The time it took for them to return to
black-headed birds, which were expected to the feeder was taken as a measure of their
show less aggression towards each other willingness to take risks. Birds that returned
than pairs of red-headed birds. This makes quickly were considered to be greater risk
55
sense since red-headed birds had takers than those that were more cautious.
10 previously been found to exhibit higher This time the results were surprising.
levels of aggression. Red-headed birds were considerably more
The second prediction was that red cautious than those with black heads at
headed birds should be bolder, more
60
returning to the feeder after a "predator"
explorative and take more risks than black had been introduced. They took on average
15 headed birds. This hypothesis is based on four times longer to begin feeding again
previous studies of other species that have than the less aggressive black-headed
shown a correlation between aggression 65 birds.
and these behavioural characteristics. Finally, the researchers investigated the
However, there is another possibility. Red birds' interest in novel objects or "object
20 headed birds could take fewer risks for two neophilia," which is defined in the paper as
reasons: first, they may be more 70 "exploration in which investigation is
conspicuous to predators due to their bright elicited by an object's novelty." To do this a
colouration and second, it may pay black bunch of threads were placed on a perch
headed birds to take more risks and be within the cage. The time taken for the birds
25 more explorative so they find food 75 to approach the threads within one body
resources before the dominant red-headed length and to touch them was recorded over
birds do. a one-hour period. In line with the results
In order to test the first prediction, paired from the risk-taking experiment it was
birds of matching head colour were moved 80 found that the aggressive red-headed birds
30 into an experimental cage without food. showed less interest in novel objects than
After one hour of food deprivation a feeder did black-headed birds. The difference is
was placed into the corner of the cage not as striking as it was in the previous
where there was only enough room for one 85
experiments but was statistically significant
40 bird to feed at a time. Aggressive nonetheless.
35 interactions such as threat displays and
displacements were then counted over a
30-minute period. The results were striking.
Red-headed birds were significantly and
14 CO NTI N U E
1 1
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
These experiments were repeated after
a two-month interval and showed that
different birds differed in their responses
but the responses of individual birds were
consistent over time. Head colour was
found to predict the behavioural responses
of the birds. Red-headed birds were more
aggressive than black-headed birds but
took fewer risks and were not explorative.
What is surprising about these resu Its is
that aggression does not correlate with risk
taking behaviour. However, the researchers
do provide a convincing explanation,
suggesting that red colouration has been
found to be conspicuous against natural
backgrounds, and more conspicuous birds
have been found to suffer higher predation
rates. Thus, selection could favour more
conspicuous red-headed birds taking fewer
risks.
Interestingly, boldness [in investigating
novel objects] and risk-taking behaviours
were found to be strongly correlated:
regardless of head colour they always
occurred together, forming a "behavioural
syndrome." This implies that there is
selection in favour of specific combinations
of traits and of head colour in relation to
those traits. Selection favours aggression in
red-headed birds and the boldness/risk
taking behavioural syndrome in black 42
headed birds. This makes sense when you The main purpose of the passage is to
consider the high risk of predation faced by
A) examine various strategies that are used by a bird
red-headed birds if they take too many risks species to defend against predatory attacks.
and the need for black-headed birds to find
B) draw attention to research that expands our
food away from the dominant redheads, knowledge of the behavior of a bird species.
which occupy the safest foraging locations.
C) emphasize the importance of a researcher's study that
considers a topic that others have openly dismissed.
D) suggest that similarities between bird and other
animal behaviors are evidence of a common ancestry.

15 CO NTI N U E
1 1
43 46
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
It can reasonably be inferred that the second prediction It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that it
tested by Williams and her colleagues reflects which would be atypical for an individual red-headed finch to
assumption?
A) resume feeding relatively slowly after a predator
A) Risk taking is more beneficial to black-headed display one week and resume just as slowly the next.
finches than to red-headed ones.
B) approach novel objects without hesitation one week
B) Aggressive behaviors in black- and red-headed but entirely avoid them the next.
finches will be comparable.
C) return to feeding after a predator display consistently
C) Observed correlations between certain behaviors faster than another red-headed finch.
in one species translate to other species.
D) display aggression one week and continue to
D) Innate and acquired behaviors in birds display aggression the next.
are often difficult to distinguish.
47
44
Which choice provides the best evidence for the
The author uses the word ''displacements'' in line 36 answer to the previous question?
most likely to suggest that one bird
A) lines 67-70 (''The time ... period'')
A) replaces the other in a scale of social dominance. B) lines 7 4-77 (''The difference ... nonetheless'')
B) intimidates the other so that it flees the cage. C) lines 78-82 (''These ... time'')
C) fights the other until one signals submission. D) lines 84-86 (''Red-headed ... explorative'')
D) jostles the other aside to access the food supply.
45 48
Information in the passage indicates that the purpose Based on the passage, which choice reflects behaviors
of the quotation marks around the word ''predator'' UNLIKELY to be exhibited by an individual finch?
in line 56 is to
A) Returning quickly to feeding after a predator
A) imply that the predator was not notably dangerous. display and failing to approach a novel object
B) indicate that the predator was actually a simulation. B) Returning slowly to feeding after a predator
C) show that the predator was used in multiple display and failing to approach a novel object
experiments C) Failing to display aggression and readily
D) reinforce the disruptive nature of the predator's approaching a novel objec
presence. D) Displaying aggression and being uninterested in
exploring new surroundings

15 CO NTI N U E
1 1
51
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
49
Which choice provides the best evidence for the According to figure 1, which of the following is closest to
answer to the previous question? the mean number of aggressive interactions initiated in
pairs of red-headed finches in a 30-minute period?
A) lines 87-89 (''What ... behaviour'')
B) lines 95-97 (''Thus ... risks'') A) 0.5
C) lines 98-103 (''Interestingly ... syndrome'') B) 1
D) lines 109-114 (''This ... locations'') C) 1.5
D) 2
50 52
The author indicates that a possible reason for black- The information in figure 2 indicates that, on
headed finches' risk-taking behavior is that average, a black-headed finch approached a feeder in
approximately how many seconds after a ''predator''
presentation?
A) they are less interested in novelty than are
redheaded fiches. A) 200
B) their conspicuous coloring requires them to be B) 400
bold when encountering prey.
C) 600
C) they are more likely to attract predators if they
behave more aggressively. D) 800
D) they struggle to obtain food at the safer
locations favored by red-headed finches.
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

16
2 2
Writing and Language Test
Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you
will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For
other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in
sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by
one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising
and editing decisions.
Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will
direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.
After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively
improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the
conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option.
Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the
passage as it is.
Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage

...................................................................................................................................
1
and supplementary material.
A) NO CHANGE
B) their
Benjamin Banneker: Marking Time
C) it's
Benjamin Banneker gained local fame for making a D) its
working clock in 1753, a time when few people owned

clocks, let alone understood {1} they're mechanics. A
twenty-two-year-old free black man living in Maryland,
Banneker learned how to make the clock by examining
the insides of a watch a merchant friend had lent him. His
sharp skills in measuring the passage of time would
eventually lead Banneker to the job of determining the
official borders of the new United States capital.

18 CO NTI N U E
2 2
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Studious from an early age, Banneker completed 2
his formal education only up through algebra, at A) NO CHANGE

which point his father pulled him out of school to help B) sky. Charting
C) sky, charting
on the family farm. A former teacher, however,
D) sky, he also charted
encouraged Banneker to pursue his education
independently and lent him the books to do so. 3
Which choice most effectively establishes the
Banneker also studied the night {2} sky, he charted
main topic of the paragraph?
how the migration of the stars relates to the passage of A) In the 1770s, Banneker made a fortuitous friendship.
time. B) The 1770s were filled with social and political upheaval.
C) Banneker's life was significantly influenced by
{3} When the wealthy Ellicott family built a flour several people.
mill notfar from his farm, Banneker befriended George D) Banneker continued his studies in science and math.
{4} Ellicott. Ellicott's knowledge about science and 4
astronomy impressed him. They met regularly at the
A) Ellicott of whom
flour mill and {5} Banneker's home, where they met B) Ellicott, from whom his
to discuss debates in astronomy. From Ellicott, C) Ellicott, while Ellicott's
Banneker borrowed books by authors such as James D) Ellicott, whose
Ferguson, a leading astronomer of the time.

5
A) NO CHANGE
B) at Banneker's home, meeting
C) Banneker's home
D) Banneker's home, meeting
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 19 CO NTI N U E

2 2
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
[1] In that same decade, the United States became 6
a fledgling nation with no permanent capital. [2] A) NO CHANGE

Federal legislators met in eight different northern B) will be
C) have been
cities before they decided that, as part of a broader
D) was
compromise, a capital should be built farther south.
7
[3] His cousin George likely recommended Banneker
A) NO CHANGE
for the job. [4] In 1791 President Washington issued a
B) particular about
directive: the capital would be situated on the Potomac
C) particularly
River and encompass a ten-mile square that included D) in particularly
the booming ports of Georgetown, then a part of
8
Maryland, and Alexandria, Virginia. [5] {6} were
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3
Major Andrew Ellicott, a well-known land surveyor should be placed
who needed a capable assistant. [6] Land surveying, A) where it is now.
the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distances B) after sentence 4.
C) after sentence 5.
between objects, demands a strong command of
D) after sentence 6.
trigonometry and astronomy, {7} Particularly to the
ability to chart mathematically the course of celestial
bodies in relation to the curvature of the rotating
Earth-skills Banneker possessed. {8}

2 2
9
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Banneker and the rest of Major Ellicott's crew set up
A) NO CHANGE
camp on Jones Point in early March 1791. A peninsula
B) Not surprisingly,
extending into the Potomac River, the point offered an
C) After some time,
expansive view of the territory. {9} Additionally, a D) Today,
National Park Service plaque at Jones Point {10}
10
commemorates the men's contributions in shaping the
A) NO CHANGE
capital. On a clear day, looking north across the water,
B) memorizes
visitors can see the domed Capitol Building rising C) magnifies
toward the sky. {11} D) fossilizes
11
Visitors can also participate in activities such as
fishing and kayaking.
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it contributes to the description of

Jones Point as it is in the present.
B) Yes, because it encourages readers to visit a
place of historical importance.
C) No, because it strays from the paragraph's focus
on Banneker's publications.
D) No, because it tacks on irrelevant information
at the end of the passage.

2 2
Questions 12-22 are based on the following passage.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
12
Energy Storage Under Pressure
Renewable energy {12} sources pose a challenge for

the businesses and utilities that use them: the need to
store surplus energy to use later, during times {13} of
peak demand. For example, wind fluctuates and
generally produces more energy during the night, when 13
demand is lower. Conversely, solar power generates A) NO CHANGE
most of its electricity during the day and provides little B) for peak
C) of peeked
power at night. A method of storage called Compressed
D) for peaked
Air Energy Storage (CAES) {14} is one method that may
be one of the best solutions to this problem. 14
A) NO CHANGE
B) is a particular means of storage that
C) constitutes a form of storage that
D) DELETE the underlined portion.

2 2
[1] Power plants with CAES systems use surplus
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
15
energy produced during off-peak hours to pump air into To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 2
should be placed
large underground cavities, such as naturally occurring
A) where it is now.
or human-made salt or rock caverns. [2] The expanding
B) after sentence 3.
air drives a turbine, generating electricity. [3] The walls C) after sentence 4.
of these spaces have been specially fortified to handle the D) after sentence 5.
high pressure and density of pressurized air. [4] As air is

16
pumped into the inflexible cavern, the pressure increases
A) NO CHANGE
to 1,100 pounds per square inch. [5] When energy is B) CAES. One
needed later, the power plant releases pressurized air C) CAES: one
D) CAES, one:
from the cavity, causing the air to expand. {15}
17
Currently, only two power plants use {16} CAES;
A) NO CHANGE
one in Mcintosh, Alabama, and another in Huntorf, B) power, as well as
Germany. The Mcintosh power plant can produce up to C) power, and
D) power; while
110 megawatts of electrical {17} power, the German
plant can produce 321 megawatts. {18} Combined,
18
that's enough energy to service approximately 431,000
The writer is considering deleting the underlined
homes. There are a few other CAES projects in progress sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?
across the United States, including pilot projects in Ohio, A) Kept, because it shows the impact of the
two CAES plants currently in use.
California, and New Jersey.
B) Kept, because it provides a transition to another
point about how to provide electricity to homes.
C) Deleted, because it ignores differences in the levels
of energy usage of individual homes.
D) Deleted, because it interrupts the paragraph's
description of the Mcintosh facility.

2 2
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
There are a number of reasons that so few CAES 19
units have been built, despite the fact that CAES is one of A) NO CHANGE
B) CAES;
only a few reliable ways to store energy from renewable
C) CAES
energy sources. First, huge underground cavities are D) CAES-
possible only in certain types of land. Second, even where
20
these formations exist, reinforcing them and building the
A) NO CHANGE
infrastructure for {19} CAES, can cost upwards of $100 B) had required
million. Finally, traditional methods of CAES {20} C) does require
reguires heat to compress the air, which can lower the D) require
energy efficiency of the process. 21

A) NO CHANGE
Though the system is initially expensive and involves B) capturing
an expenditure of energy, CAES has proven to be reliable C) arresting
D) seizing
and economically viable in the long term. Furthermore,
researchers have developed methods of CAES that reach 22
The writer wants a conclusion that restates the main
much better efficiency levels by {21} apprehending the
idea of the passage. Which choice most effectively
heat required to compress the air and reusing it to heat accomplishes this goal?
the decompressing air. These methods can be used in A) NO CHANGE

CAES units built in the future. Given the growing shift to
B) CAES is a promising solution to one of
renewable energy, {22} the only stumbling blocks to alternative energy's biggest challenges.
additional innovations may be national energy policies C) it is dismaying that CAES technology is not yet as
efficient as it could be.
that make gotential investors hesitate.
D) residential applications of CAES technology-in
addition to large operations-are likely to
become feasible soon.

2 2
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
23
Which choice best combines the sentences at
A Man of Many Words the underlined portion?
A) Johnson announced an ambitious plan for a new

English-language dictionary and was encouraged
In 1747 the author Samuel {23} Johnson announced by a group of London booksellers.
an ambitious pian for a new English-language
B) Johnson, announcing an ambitious plan for a
dictionary. He did so with the encouragement of a new English-language dictionary, was
encouraged by a group of London booksellers.
group of London booksellers. Johnson's goal was to
produce an authoritative guide to the language ''by which C) Johnson announced an ambitious plan for a new
English-language dictionary; he was encouraged
its purity may be preserved." The completed Dictionary of in this by a group of London booksellers.
the English Language finally appeared in {24} 1755, its
D) Johnson, encouraged by a group of London
release was every bit the publishing event that the writer booksellers, announced an ambitious plan
for a new English-language dictionary.
and his backers had imagined. Along {25} one's laborious
journey from planning to publication, however,
24
Johnson's Dictionary had become a book with more
A) NO CHANGE
humble ambitions - one that no longer aspired to
B) 1755, and
preserve the purity of the language. Johnson had come to C) 1755, as
realize that, like all languages, the English language was a D) 1755 with
living, changing thing that could not be preserved, only
described. 25
A) NO CHANGE
B) each one's
C) it's
D) its

2 2
26
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Johnson had begun his work in 1746, furnishing his A) NO CHANGE
house with several large tables and massive heaps of B) foremost
books. To provide examples of proper word use for his C) big-name
D) primo
Dictionary, Johnson looked to those he considered the
{26} hotshot experts on the English language: the leading 27
English writers of the past and present. Johnson read A) NO CHANGE

B) writers,
through the works of hundreds of {27} writers, his
C) writers, and
marking the passages he viewed as exemplary. He then D) writers by
handed the books off to six scribes he had hired to copy
28
out his chosen excerpts.
Which choice best introduces the topic of this
paragraph?
{28} Johnson was extremely selective in the gassages
A) NO CHANGE
he used to illustrate his words. No earlier English
B) It is unknown precisely how much work
lexicographer, or dictionary writer, had attempted to Johnson's
scribes did beyond copying down passages.
define words as precisely as Johnson did. However,
Johnson's careful analysis of his sources revealed subtle but C) Johnson was not the first writer to create a
dictionary of the English language.
inexorable changes in the ways words were used by
D) Next, Johnson undertook the more difficult
different writers at different times. When the Dictionary task of composing definitions.
was published in 1755, Johnson's preface {29}
29
acknowledged this inherent mutability of languag,
Which choice best sets up the quotation from
noting that no lexicographer "shall imagine that his Johnson later in the sentence?
dictionary can embalm his language, and secure it from A) NO CHANGE

B) bemoaned the low status of dictionary writers,
corruption and decay."
C) explained how the writer determined which words
to include,
D) stated that the quotations were carefully chosen
for their style or subject matter,

2 2
30
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
This recognition did not mean that Johnson had no A) NO CHANGE
opinions about how words should be used. On the B) had used
C) will use
contrary, Johnson {30} used the Dictionary to promote
D) uses
words he favored and to protest words he disliked. {31} In
31
the definition for "pictorial," a term coined by Sir Thomas
Browne, Johnson described the word as one "not adopted
by other writers, but elegant and useful." {32} By the same
token, the word "writative," which Johnson had found in
the letters of Alexander Pope, was not even granted a 32
definition; Johnson simply wrote "A word of Pope's A) NO CHANGE

B) On the other hand,
coining: not to be imitated." Johnson understood that he
C) For example,
could not preserve his language-but he {33} could - at the D) Nevertheless,
very least, try to shape its future use. In that more modest
33
goal he appears to have succeeded: Johnson's work stood
A) NO CHANGE
as the definitive English dictionary for well over a century,
B) could, at the very least-
influencing generations of English writers and readers.
C) could, at the very least,
D) could; at the very least,

2 2
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
34
A) NO CHANGE
Retailers Profit from Paying Well B) habitual,
C) routine,
Many retailers rely on discount prices to attract
D) accustomed
customers, and these companies' executives and
managers often assume that they must maintain low 35
employee costs to preserve these discounts. However, in A) NO CHANGE
recent years, several retailers have challenged this {34} B) benefits-and they have done so
conventional wisdom, offering better-than-average wages C) benefits: and they have done so,
D) benefits and they have done so,
and {35} benefits, and have done so, while keeping
costs down and performing well financially. 36
Which choice most effectively combines the
The cost of better compensation for employees is sentences at the underlined portion?
lower than many employers may realize. A 2012 study by A) If stores increased their prices to make up
Demos, a public policy research and advocacy for this expenditure, the additional cost to
consumers
organization, noted that if retail workers' annual earnings
B) Increasing their prices to make up for this
were increased so that on average the lowest-paid workers expenditure, stores could make an additional
cost to consumers that
received a 27 percent raise, the additional cost to
employers would amount to only 0.5 percent of total C) The additional cost to consumers to make up for
this expenditure would be increased store prices
retail sales. {36} Stores could increase their prices to so that they
make up for this exgenditure. The additional cost to
D) If the additional cost to consumers made up
consumers if they did so would average 30 cents per for this expenditure by increasing store
prices, it
shopping trip-hardly enough to keep most customers
away.

2 2
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Yet this modest price increase would probably be 37
unnecessary because increasing pay at retail businesses A) NO CHANGE

B) stores,
increases sales performance. When Professor Zeynep Ton
C) stores:
at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology compared
D) stores;
two chains of warehouse club {37} stores - one with
better-than-average pay and benefits and another with 38
lower employee wages, she found that the average number A) NO CHANGE
of sales per employee at the higher-wage club store was B) the ones
C) the number
double {38} the employees at the lower-wage club store.
D) DELETE the underlined portion.
According to Ton's study, well-paid workers were
friendlier and more helpful to customers, and they were
more knowledgeable about the company's products. As a
result of their experiences with these employees,
customers were more likely to make purchases.

2 2
39
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
By contrast, many employees at retail stores that pay
A) NO CHANGE
average or below-average wages quit each year, a
B) An examination of
phenomenon known as employee turnover, forcing these
C) When they examined
businesses to rely on inexperienced workers and to devote D) Examining
resources to finding, hiring, and training new workers. 40
{39} When examined, the same pair of club stores that Which choice provides accurate information
from the table to support the writer's
Ton argument?
their respective industries while paying significantly
41
higher {43} highlight that paying workers well {44} can
be a profitable strategy for retailers. The writer wants to include relevant
information from the table to illustrate the
point made in the first part of the sentence.
Which choice best accomplishes this goal?
42
Which choice best introduces the
information that follows?
43
A) NO CHANGE
B) have highlighted
C) would highlight
D) highlights
43
Which choice provides the most logical
conclusion to the passage?
A) NO CHANGE
B) may be surprisingly difficult to implement.
C) is one of several ways to boost employee morale.
D) is still the subject of much debate among
employers.

3 3
Math Test – No Calculator
For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20,
solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to
the directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use
any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.
1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.

2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for
which f(x) is a real number.

r c 2x 60° s 45° s√2
w h b x
30° 45°
b a x√3 s
A = pr 2 A = w 1
A = bh c 2 = a2 + b 2 Special Right Triangles
2
C = 2pr
h r r h h
h
w r w

V = wh V = pr 2h 4
V = pr 3
1
V = pr 2h V = 1 wh
3 3 3
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
1
3
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3
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........
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3
1
2
CO NTI N U E
3
6
3
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
��

3
4
5
CO NTI N U E
3
10
11
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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3
8
9
CO NTI N U E
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Answer: 12 Answer: 2.5
DIRECTIONS
Write
For questions 14–17, solve the problem and answer 7 / 12 2 . 5
enter your answer in the grid, as described in boxes. / / Fraction / /
below, on the answer sheet. line
. . . . . . . . Decimal
0 0 0 0 0 0 point
1. Although not required, it is suggested that 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

you write your answer in the boxes at the top 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
of the columns to help you fill in the circles Grid in 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accurately. You will receive credit only if the result. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
circles are filled in correctly. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
3. No question has a negative answer. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
4. Some problems may have more than one 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
answer.
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded 2
Acceptable ways to grid 3 are:
2
as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the
/ / 2 / 3 . 666 . 667
grid, it will be interpreted as 31 , not 3 1 .) / / / / / /
2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
answer with more digits than the grid can 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
accommodate, it may be either rounded or 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid.
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Answer: 201 – either position is correct
NOTE: You
201 201 may start your
/ / / / answers in any
column, space
. . . . .. . .
permitting.
0 0 0 0 0 0 Columns you
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 don’t need to
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 use should be
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 left blank.
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4 4
Math Test – Calculator
55 MINUTES, 38 QUESTIONS
For questions 1-27

1-27, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 28 -31,
solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer
to the directions before question 28 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may
use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.
1. The use of a calculator is permitted.

2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for
which f(x) is a real number.

r c 2x 60° s 45° s√2
w h b x
30° 45°
b a x√3 s
A = pr 2 A = w 1
A = bh c 2 = a2 + b 2 Special Right Triangles
2
C = 2pr
h r r h h
h
w r w

V = wh V = pr 2h 4
V = pr 3
1
V = pr 2h V = 1 wh
3 3 3
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
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SAT MAY 2018 (International)

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C) necessary pathway to a goal he now seeks to

7 B) expose the hypocrisy of Tchartkoff's mind-set.

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0... .-�- 0. 2 s § 0.2

group memory group group memory group

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16 C) They rec al led a greater proportion of critical

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Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage

working clock in 1753, a time when few people owned

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his formal education only up through algebra, at A) NO CHANGE

Ferguson, a leading astronomer of the time.

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Should the writer make this addition here?

A) Yes, because it contributes to the description of

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Energy Storage Under Pressure

Renewable energy {12} sources pose a challenge for

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high pressure and density of pressurized air. [4] As air is

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energy efficiency of the process. 21

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A) Johnson announced an ambitious plan for a new

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English writers of the past and present. Johnson read A) NO CHANGE

dictionary can embalm his language, and secure it from A) NO CHANGE

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definition; Johnson simply wrote "A word of Pope's A) NO CHANGE

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1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.

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