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14(1):72-84
Copyright © Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Print ISSN: 1596-2490, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng
Key words: Bin data, dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, evaporative cooling, comfort zone,
refrigerators and air conditioners
1. Introduction
The world is experiencing increase in ambient temperature which resulted from several human
activities that releases greenhouse gases in to the atmosphere. This experience termed global
warming has caused increase in energy and water consumption and equally badly affects human
wellbeing (Karl and Easterling, 1999).
Human comfort in the work place is a challenge in temperate zone especially in summer, hence
there is need to cool occupied spaces. On the other hand in tropical countries like Nigeria,
cooling is necessary almost all year round, especially in hot and humid weather conditions.
Besides human discomfort and loss of concentration at work, extreme heat affects health and
productivity. It is difficult to dissipate heat when dry bulb temperature is extremely high
especially if the relative humidity is also high (Harris, 1983). Ambient temperature is a factor to
be considered when performance of certain types of equipment used in cooling systems is an
issue. There is a reduction of heat rejection of an air cooled condenser of vapour compression
refrigeration system when the dry bulb temperature of the environment increases (Olorunmaiye
and Ariyo, 1998).
coordinates are 09°14'N and 12°28'E. Yola is located on the Benue River and it has a mean
temperature of 28.3°C (Alexander, 2015)
The aim of the work reported in this paper is to carry out statistical analysis on 15-year data of
hourly dry bub temperature and relative humidity of both Maiduguri and Yola in the North East
Geo-political zone of Nigeria, by compiling the bin data for dry bulb temperature, relative
humidity and two - dimensional dry bulb temperature/ relative humidity. The proportion of the
hours in the year when the weather is within the comfort zone and the amount of time a high
level of evaporative cooling could be experienced will equally be estimated.
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Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March, 2018; Vol. 14(1):72-84. ISSN
1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng
40.0 42.0
39.0
Temperature (°C)
Temperature (°C)
35.0
36.0
30.0
33.0
25.0 30.0
20.0 27.0
15.0 24.0
10.0 21.0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Time of the day (hrs) Time of the day (hrs)
Temperature (°C)
Temperature (°C)
32.0 30.0
30.0
28.0 25.0
26.0 20.0
24.0
15.0
22.0
20.0 10.0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Time of the day (hrs) Time of the day (hrs)
60 80
Relative Humidity (%)
50
60
40
30 40
20
10 20
0 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Time of the day (hrs) Time of the day (hrs)
90 80
80
60
70
40
60
50 20
40 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Time of the day (hrs) Time of the day (hrs)
75
Olorunmaiye and Awolola. The cooling systems and weather statistics of Maiduguri and Yola – Nigeria.
AZOJETE 14(1):72-84. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng
Temperature (°C)
30.0 35.0
25.0 30.0
20.0
25.0
15.0
10.0 20.0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Time of the day (hrs) Time of the day (hrs)
Temperature (°C)
Temperature (°C)
30.0 35.0
28.0 30.0
26.0 25.0
24.0 20.0
22.0 15.0
20.0 10.0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Time of the day (hrs) Time of the day (hrs)
Figure 3: Diurnal variation of monthly-average hourly dry bulb temperature for Yola
50 100
Relative Humidity (%)
40 80
30 60
20 40
10 20
0 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Time of the day (hrs) Time of the day (hrs)
80
90
60
80
40
70 20
60 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Time of the day (hrs) Time of the day (hrs)
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Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March, 2018; Vol. 14(1):72-84. ISSN
1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng
Maiduguri Yola
750
650
550
Number of hours
450
350
250
150
50
-50
6-7
8-9
32-33
10-11
12-13
14-15
16-17
18-19
20-21
22-23
24-25
26-27
28-29
30-31
34-35
36-37
38-39
40-41
42-43
44-45
46-47
48-49
Dry bulb temperature bin
Maiduguri Yola
750
650
550
Number of hours
450
350
250
150
50
0-5
95-100
100-105
5-10
20-25
55-60
90-95
10-15
15-20
25-30
30-35
35-40
40-45
45-50
50-55
60-65
65-70
70-75
75-80
80-85
85-90
-50
occurred in 12-13°C bin for an average of 0.07 hours in November. The maximum dry bulb
temperature occurs in 48-49°C bin for an average of 0.07 hours per year and 44-45°C bin for an
average of 0.57 hours per year, for Maiduguri and Yola respectively. The modal temperature for
the two locations occurred in 25-26°C bin. The minimum and maximum temperatures are two
extremes which fortunately occur for few hours per year, otherwise this would have posed a
great challenge for human comfort.
The charts in Figure 6 for relative humidity bins for Maiduguri and Yola show that 15-20% RH
bin and 90-95% RH bin are the modes for Maiduguri and Yola with 725.02 hours and 675.41
hours respectively. The charts show that most of the time when Maiduguri was dry Yola was
relatively humid. The ambient air condition will be outside comfort zone about 2930 hours in
Yola when compared to 1725 hours in Maiduguri and there is need for dehumidification to
achieve comfort most of the time in Yola.
Tables 1 and 2 show respectively the two-dimensional dry bulb temperature/relative humidity
bin data of Maiduguri and Yola. The number in each cell is the average number of hours in a
year that dry bulb temperature and relative humidity combination are in the bin. The two-
dimensional dry bulb temperature/ relative humidity bin data show the coincidence and
distribution of dry bulb temperature and relative humidity. This bin data is useful for accurate
estimation of building cooling loads.
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Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March, 2018; Vol. 14(1):72-84. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818;
www.azojete.com.ng
Table 1: Two dimensional dry bulb temperature/relative humidity bin data for Maiduguri
RH 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 80-85 85-90 90-95 95-100 100-105
Temp
6-7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7-8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.07 0.47 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8-9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.27 0.73 0.40 0.33 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9-10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.20 0.87 1.20 0.80 0.33 0.40 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10-11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.20 0.40 1.33 2.67 3.73 2.87 1.13 1.13 0.60 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11-12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.07 0.13 0.07 0.93 3.40 6.47 8.13 4.07 2.27 1.53 0.07 0.13 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
12-13 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.33 1.80 3.60 8.53 10.87 11.00 6.40 4.67 1.66 0.33 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
13-14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.93 2.67 8.27 12.80 15.73 12.60 10.87 4.47 1.13 0.46 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
14-15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.73 1.80 6.60 14.00 21.00 21.13 14.13 11.33 3.67 1.40 0.40 0.20 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.07 0.00
15-16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 1.27 4.27 11.80 19.46 23.26 23.33 16.73 10.80 3.33 1.07 0.20 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
16-17 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.40 2.60 9.26 19.06 22.66 25.06 25.80 21.53 9.20 3.87 0.93 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
17-18 0.00 0.00 0.20 1.27 4.47 12.40 25.71 25.86 23.53 22.00 15.27 8.13 2.67 1.40 0.47 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
18-19 0.00 0.00 0.07 1.79 9.40 19.00 30.19 30.20 28.26 20.20 14.73 5.33 3.80 1.27 0.87 0.47 0.40 0.40 0.07 0.00 0.00
19-20 0.00 0.13 0.27 3.53 12.40 24.33 31.80 31.26 23.86 17.60 11.20 6.67 3.33 1.40 1.34 0.93 0.67 0.20 0.07 0.00 0.00
20-21 0.07 0.07 1.00 6.80 22.33 35.79 34.79 31.33 24.47 16.67 11.87 7.42 5.02 3.22 2.01 1.34 2.71 1.64 2.39 6.28 0.93
21-22 0.00 0.07 2.00 9.86 25.53 35.66 33.20 26.26 17.73 13.93 9.37 4.24 5.44 3.98 3.94 3.34 4.99 7.73 15.22 26.81 3.09
22-23 0.00 0.33 2.20 14.93 35.72 41.40 36.20 23.53 19.07 12.38 7.03 7.39 6.84 6.79 5.66 8.57 14.16 21.69 46.36 52.61 5.37
23-24 0.07 0.53 4.27 21.33 38.39 47.33 33.26 21.33 12.93 10.17 7.58 6.44 6.74 8.64 10.88 17.38 30.84 51.96 88.81 42.68 1.27
24-25 0.20 0.20 6.13 28.86 47.06 44.73 33.00 17.67 12.61 8.88 7.54 7.86 8.11 11.93 17.65 36.07 62.02 87.72 88.83 26.77 0.98
25-26 0.27 0.40 12.13 34.33 48.13 42.60 27.87 16.27 9.94 6.69 6.49 8.08 13.50 19.17 37.81 58.22 82.14 73.36 48.58 14.60 0.68
26-27 0.20 1.34 15.47 42.06 44.73 35.86 24.34 13.80 8.87 7.61 7.90 12.29 23.87 36.33 54.05 65.33 74.71 40.08 19.19 8.63 0.40
27-28 0.07 1.93 22.46 48.66 47.13 31.67 21.40 11.53 8.07 8.50 14.07 25.50 41.29 49.67 69.99 60.64 38.96 17.02 10.43 6.19 0.34
28-29 0.20 3.53 29.06 53.39 43.27 31.33 17.34 9.87 10.16 15.52 25.05 38.58 55.55 58.96 58.86 38.36 16.83 10.82 8.60 3.84 0.54
29-30 0.27 6.80 35.59 55.13 38.73 22.01 16.73 10.41 12.49 18.71 37.37 51.25 56.36 59.81 41.49 16.46 9.65 6.60 5.66 1.78 0.34
30-31 0.60 11.46 49.12 59.60 37.73 21.47 16.15 12.01 14.79 32.19 43.65 49.18 62.33 49.59 17.78 6.07 5.45 3.15 3.55 2.34 0.55
31-32 0.27 13.20 47.19 51.33 30.13 18.15 11.74 12.22 21.04 37.14 44.27 53.53 54.79 23.33 8.43 4.89 3.52 2.60 2.10 2.29 0.28
32-33 0.60 16.93 51.06 45.73 28.67 15.20 10.40 14.29 31.01 38.77 43.68 46.06 28.52 10.23 4.91 2.92 2.00 2.13 1.59 1.03 0.21
33-34 1.07 21.33 55.19 47.80 26.20 11.94 11.68 19.80 36.99 39.67 37.72 26.05 10.75 5.08 3.73 1.69 1.49 1.16 1.92 0.97 0.21
34-35 0.67 22.46 48.93 41.87 24.67 11.21 15.84 30.37 35.48 31.14 21.35 10.60 5.47 2.65 1.42 0.68 1.23 0.68 0.62 0.75 0.28
35-36 0.40 27.26 49.80 35.53 22.80 13.87 24.29 33.43 31.79 17.47 9.82 5.03 2.39 1.61 0.60 0.75 1.10 0.41 0.35 0.27 0.14
36-37 0.26 29.93 45.13 31.60 17.27 13.75 31.85 35.57 17.99 6.12 3.04 1.74 1.02 1.42 0.61 0.20 0.21 0.20 0.27 0.33 0.00
37-38 1.26 27.73 34.93 21.87 14.88 18.91 29.78 18.63 5.98 2.42 1.27 1.27 0.40 0.47 0.46 0.07 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.07 0.07
38-39 1.27 34.06 30.67 17.27 14.15 22.86 21.68 7.23 1.67 1.27 0.67 0.27 0.53 0.07 0.07 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07
39-40 1.33 32.60 25.00 12.34 20.03 21.93 12.03 3.14 1.40 0.93 0.47 0.13 0.00 0.13 0.20 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00
40-41 1.53 30.60 28.07 14.54 18.15 12.35 4.61 1.07 0.13 0.13 0.07 0.13 0.00 0.13 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00
41-42 1.66 24.40 18.40 13.61 12.41 5.20 2.53 0.60 0.20 0.27 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
42-43 0.27 13.74 10.40 8.07 4.80 2.40 0.53 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
43-44 0.07 5.93 3.61 1.07 0.93 0.33 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44-45 0.07 1.47 0.73 0.07 0.26 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
45-46 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
46-47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
47-48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
48-49 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
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Olorunmaiye and Awolola. The cooling systems and weather statistics of Maiduguri and Yola – Nigeria. AZOJETE 14(1):72-84. ISSN 1596-
2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng
Table 2: Two dimensional dry bulb temperature/relative humidity bin data for Yola
10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 95- 100-
RH 0-5 5-10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 80-85 85-90 90-95 100 105
Temp
12-13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
13-14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.07 0.40 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
14-15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.27 0.13 1.13 0.47 0.53 0.20 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00
15-16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.33 0.40 1.13 3.20 3.00 2.47 1.40 1.00 0.80 0.67 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00
16-17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.20 0.87 1.53 3.27 5.73 6.67 6.67 4.47 4.47 2.53 1.27 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00
17-18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.73 2.13 4.13 8.00 7.87 8.40 9.20 6.73 7.40 5.07 3.20 1.00 0.40 0.07 0.00
18-19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.93 2.20 4.67 7.67 13.73 14.80 10.73 11.40 12.20 9.13 6.27 5.00 2.33 0.33 0.00 0.00
19-20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.33 1.73 5.47 11.80 12.47 15.93 16.40 15.40 15.07 10.93 8.33 7.13 4.20 2.07 1.13 0.13 0.00
20-21 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.47 1.40 5.47 10.60 11.07 20.40 18.13 13.67 14.07 16.67 12.07 9.33 6.20 5.47 3.13 1.87 1.69 0.54
21-22 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.80 3.07 10.80 16.86 19.33 19.60 20.33 17.40 14.87 13.80 12.80 8.20 5.47 5.67 6.01 6.52 18.63 6.82
22-23 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.20 5.87 14.47 20.40 20.40 30.47 13.80 17.67 15.80 12.20 8.80 8.73 7.13 10.42 11.13 37.21 85.44 16.15
23-24 0.00 0.00 0.07 1.47 6.13 18.29 23.74 27.87 21.80 19.21 14.87 14.87 9.73 7.94 6.67 11.61 17.34 40.49 117.64 122.44 10.73
24-25 0.00 0.07 0.41 2.67 8.26 21.29 31.87 25.10 22.63 14.87 14.23 10.53 9.60 9.09 9.41 14.25 39.84 105.74 202.35 115.19 4.21
25-26 0.07 0.00 0.40 3.00 13.73 30.07 29.36 31.27 19.44 16.76 10.87 9.74 9.87 10.16 12.26 27.85 104.63 174.62 184.49 52.36 2.20
26-27 0.00 0.13 0.40 4.61 17.89 29.90 38.08 25.86 16.62 14.92 9.57 9.50 9.25 15.70 32.16 63.82 163.63 139.42 84.83 17.65 1.20
27-28 0.00 0.00 0.67 7.47 21.38 34.50 33.72 25.43 14.75 10.31 9.99 9.26 14.84 23.66 63.36 104.04 141.72 73.85 21.66 6.27 0.80
28-29 0.00 0.07 1.41 10.81 28.49 36.52 36.16 19.67 15.02 11.33 8.61 12.14 29.75 47.39 106.81 116.34 67.19 30.05 7.42 3.08 0.60
29-30 0.00 0.22 2.50 13.62 34.14 34.75 29.40 22.71 13.45 9.43 12.45 27.76 42.90 96.34 124.45 78.89 24.59 6.97 2.93 2.20 0.40
30-31 0.00 0.00 3.81 20.06 40.88 38.67 27.21 18.53 11.42 11.63 19.44 41.32 69.94 139.50 79.97 26.62 7.48 3.88 2.27 1.87 0.47
31-32 0.00 0.07 6.87 30.63 39.25 37.17 28.33 14.94 9.89 16.10 29.78 52.31 109.04 107.14 31.70 7.95 3.20 1.47 2.40 1.00 0.60
32-33 0.00 0.27 8.74 31.49 45.13 37.15 24.81 12.35 11.54 20.14 35.24 70.92 95.63 37.01 9.23 3.76 1.80 1.33 1.15 0.87 0.40
33-34 0.00 0.61 11.78 38.92 46.48 31.23 20.86 14.04 16.59 29.40 53.48 62.01 36.86 12.30 2.53 1.00 1.14 0.47 0.47 0.27 0.27
34-35 0.00 0.75 14.58 39.12 42.49 32.35 20.17 18.40 23.80 39.07 46.72 26.04 6.77 2.28 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.49 0.28 0.21 0.07
35-36 0.00 1.28 18.98 38.52 39.11 26.57 17.10 16.61 27.74 41.32 22.56 5.69 1.21 0.33 0.13 0.21 0.56 0.15 0.14 0.00 0.00
36-37 0.00 1.29 18.59 33.55 33.66 19.71 17.55 24.33 31.02 27.82 4.86 0.48 0.28 0.20 0.22 0.22 0.56 0.35 0.07 0.00 0.00
37-38 0.00 1.99 19.70 32.44 22.07 15.53 16.93 26.16 31.60 10.51 0.55 0.00 0.13 0.21 0.47 0.49 0.20 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
38-39 0.00 2.45 24.60 24.46 16.29 12.74 20.88 28.17 14.86 2.56 0.56 0.20 0.07 0.42 0.50 0.20 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00
39-40 0.07 3.68 22.37 21.17 16.71 16.05 22.16 16.83 4.00 0.21 0.07 0.07 0.28 0.35 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
40-41 0.00 4.27 19.49 17.43 15.30 17.98 13.54 4.69 0.27 0.07 0.21 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
41-42 0.00 4.17 11.10 10.84 11.01 7.56 4.61 1.49 0.40 0.13 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
42-43 0.00 1.66 8.46 5.36 4.99 2.77 0.36 0.07 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
43-44 0.00 0.28 0.36 1.77 0.99 0.36 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44-45 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
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450
400
350
Number of hours
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month of the year
Figure 7: Number of hours in which a high degree of evaporative cooling can take place
Maiduguri Yola
400
350
300
Number of hours
250
200
150
100
50
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month of the year
Figure 8: Number of hours in which the weather is within the comfort zone
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Olorunmaiye and Awolola. The cooling systems and weather statistics of Maiduguri and Yola – Nigeria.
AZOJETE 14(1):72-84. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng
Maiduguri Yola
500
450
400
350
Number of hours
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month of the year
Figure 9: Number of hours in which the dry bulb temperature is less than 25°C
When weather is within the comfort zone, only ventilation is needed for human comfort which
could be achieved by natural breeze or fans driven by electric motor. Air conditioning systems will
be expected to work for the highest number of hours and thus consume highest amount of energy
per month in the months of August and September for Maiduguri and Yola respectively, since they
have the lowest number of hours in the comfort zone. On the other hand, the cooling units are
expected to work for minimum number of hours for December and January in Maiduguri and
October and November in Yola, leading to minimal energy consumption.
Figure 9 shows the number of hours in each month in which dry bulb temperature is less than 25°C
for both cities. Since the indoor design dry-bulb temperature for comfort air conditioning systems is
24°C, the hours having dry-bulb less than 25°C are the hours in which it is not necessary to put on
an air conditioner.
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1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng
The transmission heat gain resulting from temperature difference between the outside air and the air
in the space being cooled and air change heat gain due to door opening and infiltration are important
components of the cooling load of a cooling system. The numbers of hours when the ambient
temperature is above 25°C can be used as an indicator of the magnitude of these heat gains. From
Figure 9, the refrigerator can be expected to consume minimum energy per months in the months of
December and January at both Maiduguri and Yolaand maximum energy in May and April at
Maiduguri and Yola respectively.
4. Conclusions
Dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity data for Maiduguri and Yola have been analysed to
produce one dimensional bin data for both variables and also TDB/RH two-dimensional bin data.
There are higher numbers of hours in the comfort zone in December and January for Yola while the
best period for comfort is November for Maiduguri; the two lowest number of hours for comfort
zone occur in August and September for the two locations. Evaporative coolers will work best at
both Maiduguri and Yola from March to May. The poorest performance of evaporative cooler will
occur from July to September. From October to February, the monthly cost of running refrigerators
and air conditioners will be lowest compared to other months of the year since these are months
having low RH and also low TDB.
Acknowledgement
The authors acknowledge with appreciation the provision of the weather data by Nigerian
Meteorological Agency, (NiMet), Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria.
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