As shoot apex grows,

older leaf primordia

are left behind.

New primordia are

continuously borne
above existing ones
Coleus
•Summary of early leaf development
•Leaf arises as a
dorsiventral
protuberance that
grows in height and
width. Grow more
actively on abaxial
side than on adaxial
side
•Curves toward the
apical meristem
•Procambium present
before leaf
primordium has
emerged as
protuberance.
 venation

Parallel netted/reticulate
Simple
leaves
Adaxial-abaxial axis
Parallel venation
auricle
Cross-section of a dicot leaf
Reticulate/netted venation
Thin part
of the
blade
 Upper epidermis

Palisade layer

Spongy layer

Upper
collenchyma
Xylem
phloem
Lower
collenchyma

Lower epidermis
Dorsiventral Dicot leaves- palisade layer
occurs adaxially, spongy layer occurs
abaxially Upper epidermis collenchyma
parenchyma
Palisade layers

xylem
phloem
Palisade layers
Spongy layer
 Isobilateral leaf
Isobilateral leaf: A leaf
in which the palisade
parenchyma occurs adaxially and abaxially
beneath the epidermis of the leaf

Palisade layer

Spongy layer

Palisade layer
Monocot leaf- corn leaf
Bulliform cells
Monocot leaf Bundle sheath or
border parenchyma

xylem

phloem

Photosynthetic
cells
Water conservation movement in a grass leaf when insufficient water
to maintain normal turgor is available..

A B

A. Note leaf when water is

available B. The leaf after it has
Rolled up
Cross-section of a rolled leaf , thin-walled bulliform cells have partially
collapsed under dry conditions, thus bring about rolling of the leaf blade

Bulliform cells
 Pines often live : hot, dry
Pine needles summers and freezing
(leaves) winters. They are good at
withstanding
Acicular leaves environmental stress.
Their needles, with a low
surface area-to-volume
ratio, help reduce
damage due to drying out
or heavy snows.
Gymnosperm- pine leaf (cross or transverse section)
Epidermis- heavily cuticularized & with thick walls
Hypodermis (beneath epidermis) – fiberlike cells with
thick walls.
Lobed
mesophyll cells
Resin duct

Sunken stomate
xylem
phloem

Transfusion
tissue

endodermis
Lobed mesophyll epidermis

hypodermis
Modified leaves
Overlapping
Leaf sheaths
For support
 Leaf sheath
“false stem
Or trunk for
support
corm
Cross section of overlapping leaf sheaths of banana
Banana corm--stem
 Cactus
Thorns are modified
Bougainvillea colored
leaves. bracts are modified
Green, fleshy organ leaves
is the stem
Bougainvillea
bracts get
their color
from betalains

These are not

petals!!!!
Flowers, pigments
present are called Betalains and
betalains anthocyanins are
water-soluble
pigments found in
the vacuoles of plant
cells. Betalains
contain nitrogen
whereas
anthocyanins do not

bracts
Musaenda (Dona Aurora)
tendril is a specialized stem,
leaf or petiole with a threadlike
shape that is used by climbing
plants for support and
attachment, generally by
twining around whatever it
touches.

They do not have a lamina or

blade, but they can
photosynthesize. They can be
formed from modified shoots,
modified leaves
Cadena de amor
Modified stem Grape –
modified leaf

Leaf tendrils
Passiflora sp.
Pisum (Pea)

leaf tendril
Meat eaters
Nepenthes
Nepenthes
An epiascidiate leaf. If meristematic activity
continues the lamina can become funnel-shaped
forming a container
pitcher still sealed, ready to pop
open
Quassia amara
Meristematic margin
for reproduction