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FACT
A study by the Health Promotion Department shows that
Maltese children drank alcohol in the 30 days preceding
the study in the following way:
FACT
For those under the age of 17, it is now
illegal to drink alcohol, to be in possession of
alcohol, and to obtain or try to obtain alcohol.
1. What is alcohol?
■ An alcoholic beverage is created when there is a
fermentation process in which the yeast fungus feeds
on the sugars and/or starches in certain plants such as
barley or grapes.
6. What is binge-drinking?
Is it really that harmful?
■ A general definition of binge-drinking is “the
consumption of considerable amounts of
alcohol within a short span of time,
usually with the intent to get
drunk”. This may be referred
to as the consumption of 5
drinks or more in one sitting.
■ Bingeing, thus, could be
a health hazard, and may
include various short and
long term effects.
■ Studies have also
suggested that binge-
drinking and other forms
of substance abuse during
adolescence increase
the likelihood of feeling
psychological problems and
an increased risk of alcohol
dependence later in life.
■ Dipendenza mill-alko˙ol: meta tipprova tieqaf tixrob,
issib li biex tieqaf hu diffiçli, jew tibda t˙oss sintomi
ta’ nuqqas mix-xorb (withdrawal symptoms) u/jew
leblieba. F’dan l-istadju jkollok bΩonn tfittex g˙ajnuna
professjonali biex tieqaf tixrob.
6. X’inhu binge-drinking?
Jag˙mel daqshekk ˙sara?
■ Definizzjoni baΩika ta’ binge-drinking hi
“l-konsum konsiderevoli ta’ alko˙ol
f‘˙in qasir, normalment
bl-intenzjoni li tisker”.
Din nirreferu g˙aliha b˙ala
l-konsum ta’ ˙ames drinks
jew aktar f’darba.
■ Bingeing, g˙alhekk,
jista’ tkun ta’ periklu
g˙as-sa˙˙a, u jista’ j˙alli
diversi effetti kemm
immedjati kif ukoll fit-tul.
■ Studji wrew ukoll li
l-binge-drinking u forom
o˙ra ta’ abbuΩ ta’ sustanzi
matul l-adoloxxenza,
iΩidu ç-çans li wie˙ed ikollu
problemi psikolo©içi kif ukoll
jiΩdied ir-riskju li wie˙ed jiΩviluppa
dipendenza mill-alko˙ol aktar tard
f’˙ajtu.
5. Jekk nag˙Ωel li nixrob l-alko˙ol,
x’g˙andi nΩomm quddiem g˙ajnejja?
■ A˙seb qabel ma tixrob u qatt tixrob aktar minn 4 drinks
f’sessjoni wa˙da.
■ T˙ossokx skomdu tg˙id “Le grazzi!” jew “Xrobt
biΩΩejjed”.
■ Evita li to˙ro© ma’ persuni li jixorbu ˙afna.
■ Evita sitwazzjonijiet fejn l-alko˙ol ji©i kkunsmat aktar
mis-soltu.
■ Ag˙Ωel xarbiet b’livell ta’ alko˙ol aktar baxx.
■ Qatt tixrob fuq stonku vojt.
■ Ixrob xarba bla alko˙ol bejn xarba alko˙olika u o˙ra.
(b˙al soft-drinks, ilma, sports drinks, eçç.)
Hemm ˙ames faΩijiet baΩiçi ta’ konsum ta’ alko˙ol, però
l-ewwel tnejn biss jitqiesu li ma jag˙mlux ˙sara:
■ Astinenza: ma tixrob xejn alko˙ol.
■ Xorb fuq livell soçjali: tixrob fl-okkaΩjonijiet addattati
ming˙ajr konsegwenzi negattivi (irreferi g˙al numru 4
biex tara meta ma tistax tixrob alko˙ol, lanqas kultant).
■ Xorb problematiku: teççedi l-limitu, inkluΩ bingeing,
b’effetti negattivi fuq il-˙ajja tieg˙ek.
■ Xorb li qed isir vizzju: dipendenza psikolo©ika u fiΩika
fuq l-alko˙ol li tibda tiΩviluppa min˙abba li tkun Ωdiedet
it-tolleranza g˙all-alko˙ol.
4. Kull min g˙andu ‘l fuq minn 21 sena
jista’ jixrob?
Hemm sitwazzjonijiet meta persuna m’g˙andhiex tixrob
alko˙ol, min˙abba li anke l-içken ammont jista’ jag˙mel
˙sara:
■ Nisa tqal, nisa li ja˙sbu li huma tqal u dawk li qed
jippruvaw ikollhom tarbija.
■ Qabel ma wie˙ed isuq jew juΩa makkinarju.
■ Jekk persuna g˙andha tendenzi ta’ vizzji.
■ Meta wie˙ed ikun qed jie˙u xi mediçina (wie˙ed
g˙andu dejjem jiççekkja mat-tabib jew l-ispiΩjar).
■ Meta t-tabib ikun ta l-parir li wie˙ed g˙andu jastjeni
mill-alko˙ol.
■ Min qed i˙ossu mdejjaq.
■ Min qed i˙ossu inkwetat jew anzjuΩ.
■ Nisa b’kaΩijiet ta’ kançer tas-sider fil-familja
m’g˙andhomx jie˙du aktar minn drink kultant.
3. Kemm nista’ nixrob qabel ma nibda
nikkawΩa ˙sara lil ©ismi?
■ G˙all-persuni ta˙t it-18-il sena, skont l-G˙aqda Dinjija
tas-Sa˙˙a, “ma hemm l-ebda prova xjentifika li
tg˙id liema limitu ta’ alko˙ol hu sikur g˙all-konsum,
speçjalment g˙at-tfal u Ωg˙aΩag˙, l-aktar gruppi
vulnerabbli”.
■ G˙all-persuni li g˙andhom bejn it-18 u l-21 sena: mhux
aktar minn 2 units f’darba, peress li ta’ dik l-età, il-©isem
ikun g˙adu qed jiΩviluppa; mhux aktar minn darba jew
darbtejn fil-©img˙a.
■ Ir©iel ‘il fuq minn 21 sena: mhux aktar minn 21 unit
fil-©img˙a, imqassmin fuq ˙ames jew sitt ijiem.
■ Nisa ‘l fuq minn 21 sena: mhux aktar minn 14-il unit
fil-©img˙a, imqassmin fuq ˙ames jew sitt ijiem.
■ Ikun ta’ benefiççju li wie˙ed jastjeni mill-alko˙ol g˙al
xi jiem.
■ Li tixrob aktar minn 4 units f’darba jista’ jikkawΩa ˙sara.
■ Li persuna tifla˙ aktar g˙all-alko˙ol minn o˙rajn ma
jfissirx li ma tkunx qed issir ˙sara. Dan jista’ jfisser li
g˙al din il-persuna, ix-xorb qed isirilha vizzju.
■ Wie˙ed g˙andu jΩomm quddiem g˙ajnejh li l-alko˙ol
jaffettwa l-memorja, il-konçentrazzjoni, il-prestazzjoni u
l-im©iba, u jista’ jwassal g˙al esperjenzi li wara wie˙ed
jista’ jiddispjaçih li jkun g˙amilhom.
■ Konsum eççessiv ta’ alko˙ol matul l-adoloxxenza u
Ω-Ωg˙oΩija, meta l-mo˙˙ ikun g˙adu qed jiΩviluppa,
jista’ jirriΩulta fi ˙sara serja aktar ‘il quddiem.
1. X’inhu l-alko˙ol?
■ Ix-xorb alko˙oliku jsir permezz ta’ proçess ta’
fermentazzjoni ta’ ˙xejjex u frott b˙al barley jew
l-g˙eneb.
■ Drinks b˙al birra, inbid (inkluΩ inbid li jsir id-dar kif
ukoll inbid bil-gass), likur, xampanja u shandy huma
kollha xarbiet alko˙oliçi mag˙mulin bl-istess proçess
ta’ fermentazzjoni u distillazzjoni. Il-kulur, it-tomg˙a u
l-qawwa tal-alko˙ol ji©u skont il-frott u l-˙xejjex uΩati,
kif ukoll permezz ta’ dak li ji©i miΩjud waqt il-proçess
tal-fermentazzjoni.
2. X’inhu UNIT ta’ alko˙ol?
■ Unit ta’ alko˙ol hu l-ammont ta’ alko˙ol fi drink wie˙ed
(madwar 8 grammi).
■ 1 unit = nofs pinta birra = tazza nbid tas-sieq = grokk spirti
Is-sitwazzjoni
f’Malta
FATT
Malta ©iet fit-tielet post fost 35 pajjiΩ fil-proporzjon ta’
studenti ta’ bejn il-15 u s-16-il sena li rrapurtaw li xorbu
˙ames drinks jew aktar f’okkaΩjoni wa˙da, fit-30 ©urnata ta’
qabel. 8% biss tal-parteçipanti Maltin li ˙adu sehem
fl-ESPAD irrapurtaw li qatt ma ˙adu alko˙ol f’˙ajjithom.
(The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs, ESPAD, 2007)
FATT
Studju li sar mid-Dipartiment g˙all-Promozzjoni tas-Sa˙˙a
juri li tfal Maltin xorbu l-alko˙ol matul it-30 jum ta’ qabel
ma sar l-istudju kif ©ej:
Tfal ta’ 11-il sena 30.1% tas-subien 14.4% tal-bniet
Tfal ta’ 13-il sena 59.9% tas-subien 21.5 % tal-bniet
Tfal ta’ 15-il sena 71.4% tas-subien 62.4% tal-bniet
(Health Behaviour of School-aged Children Study, Dipartiment
g˙all-Promozzjoni tas-Sa˙˙a, 2006).
FATT
Dawk li g˙adhom ma g˙alqux 17-il sena, issa
hu illegali li jixorbu l-alko˙ol, li jkollhom
l-alko˙ol fil-pussess tag˙hom, u li jakkwistaw
jew jippruvaw jakkwistaw l-alko˙ol.
Mhux g˙ax nixrob...
imma kif
nixrob
AÌenzija kontra l-AbbuÛ tad-Droga u l-AlkoÓol