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Abstract—Energy theft is a very common problem in checks the readings from voltage and two current sensors i.e.
countries like India where consumers of energy are increasing PT and CT respectively. It measures the current sensor
consistently as the population increases. Utilities in electricity difference between two CT, supply voltage variation from the
system are destroying the amounts of revenue each year due to
utility to protect the customer equipment. Solid state relay
energy theft. The newly designed AMR used for energy
measurements reveal the concept and working of new automated will disconnect and reconnect the supply by the
power metering system but this increased the Electricity theft microcontroller instruction given.
forms administrative losses because of not regular interval
checkout at the consumer's residence. It is quite impossible to II. EXISTING SYSTEM: ENERGY METERING
check and solve out theft by going every customer’s door to door.
In this paper, a new procedure is followed based on A. Conventional System
MICROCONTROLLER Atmega328P to detect and control the
energy meter from power theft and solve it by remotely
disconnect and reconnecting the service (line) of a particular Conventional System “Energy meters displays kilowatt-
consumer. An SMS will be sent automatically to the utility hour by continuously measuring the instantaneous voltage
central server through GSM module whenever unauthorized (volts) and current (amperes) to give energy used in joules’’.
activities detected and a separate message will send back to the [2]
microcontroller in order to disconnect the unauthorized supply.
A unique method is implemented by interspersed the GSM
The primary type of electricity meter is the
feature into smart meters with Solid state relay to deal with the electromechanical induction meter and an electronic meter. In
non-technical losses, billing difficulties, and voltage fluctuation electromechanical induction meter, the total number of
complication. rotation of the aluminum disc is directly proportional to the
power consumed.
Keywords— GSM, power theft, Smart meter, Nontechnical Electronic meters shows the power consumed, power
losses, power monitoring, tampering, automatic billing.
factor, the reactive power used digitally displayed on LCD or
LED display, and also able to send the energy consumed
I. INTRODUCTION readings to remote places through some communication
Electricity is one of the most important blessings that network. It is a single way communication.
science has given to mankind. But this energy used by In addition to measuring energy used, electronic meters
unauthorized person cause losses to utility and also pollutes can also record other parameters of the load and supply such
the environment. Losses in electricity energy sector can come as instantaneous and maximum rate of usage demands,
under two sets: technical and managerial. Technical losses of voltages, power factor and reactive power used etc [2].
electrical energy are caused due to the functional tendency of
the equipment used from generating station to the distributing “Traditionally, the electricity meters are installed on
station. Non-Technical losses are due to lack of utility labor consumer’s premises and the consumption information is
interference periodically. These losses are much higher in collected by meter-readers on their fortnightly or monthly
developing countries like India. visits to the premises.”[2]
The proposed system consists of digital energy meter, an
Arduino (microcontroller), GSM modem and SSR. After
switching power on the Arduino and the GSM modem, turn on
the SSR and connects the energy meter to load via SSR. Then
read the EEPROM and display the current data. Arduino
B. Proposed System
A smart energy meter works on communication directly LCD
with wireless data protocol, so there will be precise reading &
there's no necessary for a meter reader to take energy meter Energy
reading in consumer premises. Smart energy meters can Meter
GSM
Module
operate in divergent ways with GSM Module. There are so
many different merits of smart energy meter such as:
MICRO-
Solid state CONTROLLER
ATMEGA328P
9 User new smart energy meters send precise reading on a Relay
Lever
regular interval in sequence about customer’s energy Switch
9 If the consumer did not pay the energy bill within time,
the utility can remotely disconnect the service (line) of a
Power
particular consumer and after payment, the service Supply
continues to the consumer. So we can avoid sending an
employee to cut off energy from the network and again to
reconnect their connection. Fig-1: Architecture Diagram
9 We have connected lever switch for tampering attempt
detect. When anyone tries to open the meter cover the
button will release and send information to the service
provider. Voltage Transformer or Potential Transformer
9 When the power quality is not maintained from the Potential transformers are also called as voltage
distribution supply, then the customer equipment can be transformers. It is fundamentally step down transformers very
protected by disconnecting and reconnecting to the supply accurate turn’s ratio. A standard measuring device used to
by SSR. measure the change in high magnitude to lower voltage for
step down transformer. It works in technique with more
number of primary turns and less number of secondary turns.
The proposed system consists of digital energy meter, an Higher value voltage and current cannot be measured directly.
Arduino (microcontroller), GSM modem and SSR. After
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So we need one voltage sensor and two current sensors for the memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1024B EEPROM,
proposed system. 2KB SRAM, 23 general purposes I/O lines, 32 general
purpose working registers, three flexible timer/counters with
compare modes, internal and external interrupts, serial
programmable USART”[4]
.
Fig-5: GSM Module
“GSM/GPRS module establishes communication among a
computer & GSM-GPRS system. Global System for Mobile
communication (GSM) is a structural design used for mobile
cellular communication in most of the countries. GSM
modems possess together with power supply and
communication interfaces (like RS-232, USB, etc) for the
computer. The MODEM is the soul of such modules are
Sim900A-RS232” [5]
Fig-3: Solid State Relay
To connect and disconnect the supply a relay is used. To
blown away the various disadvantages for the electrical relay, IV. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
alternative relay type called a Solid State Relay or (SSR) can
be established which is a solid state contactless, pure Conventional single phase energy meter use one current
electronic relay. sensor and voltage sensor to estimate the KWhr consumed by
the electrical load by the product of current and voltage.
“The SSR is completely an electronic device which has no
During unauthorized tapping in the lines then any of these
moving parts with its design. The mechanical contacts have
sensors gives zero value and certainly the product of voltage
been replaced with power transistors parts, thyristors or and current will also be zero resulting in no energy measured
triac’s. The electrical partition between the input control and in the energy meter. [7].
the output load voltage is adept with the optocoupler
type Light Sensor.”[3] By connecting one more current sensor with solid state
relay with minimal variation in the energy meter helps to track
However, being a semiconductor device they must be down power theft, connect/disconnect the supply. A constant
anchored onto perfect heat sinks to avoid expected output 5V DC supply given to Microcontroller and LCD unit.
switching semiconductor device from overheating. Communication will be connected between microcontroller
and utility center through GSM modem. Lever switch
provided to detect the physical disturbance (tampering) given
to the smart meter. To track down the unauthorized loads
tapped before the meter is beyond the scope of this proposed
concept.
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consumption, power quality, and its accuracy can be
monitored by the consumers directly in their mobile. This
process will reduce the labor work and human error in the
distribution system and also protect the consumer equipment.
References
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