Loi rna d~u

Tieng Nhdt la mot ngon ngfr phong phu va da dang. V6'i ngfr nghia nrong nr nhu nhau nhimg co r~t nhi~u each di~n dat khac nhau tuy theo hoan canh va d6i tUQ11g giao tiep. VI th~ lam sao sir dung tieng Nhat mot each nr nhien va nhuan nhuyen Iii mot diu hoi luon diroc d~t ra.

D~ giai quyet diu hoi nay, chung toi dff e6 g~ng bien soan lai mot s6 m~u van pharn co ngfr nghia hoac du true ngfr phap g§n giong nhau nharn giup cho hoc vien d~ dang phan biet duoc SV' khac nhau giira cac m~u van pham do. Tic do tranh diroc su lAm Idn trong khi hoc va sir dung ti~ng Nhat.

Hi vong t~p tai lieu nay se phAn nao giup Ich duoc cac em trong qua trlnh hQC t~p va Slr dung tieng Nhat.

Chuc cac em luon thanh cong trong hoc t?P va him viec.

1

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-T6i di ngdn hang d~ rut ti~n.

Y nghTa

Di, d~n, vS d~ lam gl.

C~u true diu

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-Ki nghi he, t6i di bien d~ boi.

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-Ngay mai tai se ra san bay Narita de don ban.

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_ Toi di Kyoto d~ tharn quan Chua chien.

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- Toi d~n Nhat d~ thirc t<1ip.

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- T6i di mien nui d~ tnrot tuyet,

t:' =- -"iT ~ 'i T lP a -Anh di dau dfry?

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- Toi di btru dien.

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-T6i di d~ giri thir.

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~~~-"*-a:-iiV) ,= iT0-C*~T -Toi di thir vien d~ muon sach.

* ff"? l (-3 Y nhdn manh rling iii mOt h'tc r6i se quay Ira lai.

2

j(~'& ,;: 1T < _I;: l:t C' ') 1T -:> t: G v '\ V \ -c'-T t», ~ D~ d~n Osaka thi phai di nhir th~ nao ?

Y nghia

Dong tir nguyen m§u + I;: l:t

~D~ lam gi thi

C~u true diu

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~ D~ giu gin sire khoe thi hang ngay phai an u6ng dAy duo *~_& I;: 1T < I;: l:t C:'? 1T -o t:. G v \ V \ -c'TiJ'o

~ £)~ d~n Osaka thi phai di nhir th~ mIO ?

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~ D6 hoc mot ngoai ngir nao d6 thi di d~n nUGC do 13 t6t nhk

f±$~ f*td;:I:t ~f*O)f~lpjtJ~Z'~-CTo

_ £)~ diroc nghi him thi phai co phep cua ong giam d6c.

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~ D~ d~n ga Tokyo thi phai di nhu th~ nao ?

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Y nghia

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--Cai may xay nay duoc Slr dung d~ tron nguyen lieu .

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__ Dung cu nay diroc SlT dung d~ lam gi th~?

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__ Tai sao ngiroi ta Slr dung nhieu ngtroi may trong cac nha may?

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--La d~ giam chi phi san xuk

4

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---+f)~ co nhieu kinh nghiern nen toi mu6n di him them.

Y nghTa

v m=.~ t::_1t)~;: ---+D€ (cho, vi)

BQng tu k~t hQ'P vai t::_ ti) f;: la nhirng dong tir co ham chua chu y.

cAu truc diu I

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E3 ::$:~ .a: 5P1J~~i"" Q t~ Ii) (;: E3 ::$:""'* '* L tc; --+f)~ hoc tieng Nhat, tOi di dSn Nhat,

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-Day la thuoc d~ ha s61.

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-D~ dam bao sire khoe, toi di da b9.

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-D~ ki~m tien, toi di lam viec.

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-f)~ giam stress, tai nghi la nen thao lu?n v~ nhirng ban khoan cua minh voi nguoi khac .

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-Anh d~n Nhat d~ lam gl?

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-T6i d~n d6 thuc t~p tai c6ng ty cua Nhat.

::... (7) ::: 6 'Jffi- Q (7) il \ Jl! v ' --c: -t tlo -D~o nay anh v~ nha muon qua nhi!

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-Vang. Vi t6i phai chuan hi nhieu tai lieu d~ cho cU9C hQP tu~n sau.

_ Tai sao anh mua tir di~n

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T6i mua tir di~n d~ hoc chir Han.

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-Den bao kia dung d~ lam gi th~?

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_£)~ bao hieu khi co sir c6.

* Chu j khi danhtir chi v; nguoi dU(1c su dung thl no co nghia la vi 1(1; fch cua ngtrai do.

tp:t? < 1,'''?L..titlva')~"

*~ (7) t=6bl;: -PJT~frJ {j]~,*-9o _ T6i lam viec vi gia dinh,

*Luuj co slJ' khdc nhau Irong diu chi muc dich (Ei)

v C~JfiE:*) + J: 5 ,-= d9ng tir kh6ng ham y chua chu y

V (8$:JHf~) + tt: 6b I;: dong tir ham y chua chu y.

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_£)~ mua 6 t6, t6i d~ danh ti~n (Viec mua 6 t6 la muc dich cua 5lJ d~ danh ti~n)

<~;t t,·t~ l?J:~/v

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_£)~ co th~ mua diroc 6 t6, toi d~ danh ti~n (Tinh trang co th~ mua diroc 6 t6 Iii

muc tieu ti~n d~n d~ danh ti~n)

5

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-+f)~ dir djnh dtroc hoan thanh, hay l~p k~ hoach lam di.

Y nghia

Menh d~ 1 + J::5 f.: + Menh d~ 2

Menh db I: Chi muc tieu

Menh d~ 2:Himh dong co ChLI y d@ tien g~n d~n muc tieu do. J: ? f.: -+ £)~

Trong Menh d~ 1 nhirng d9ng nr khong bao ham chu y nhir cac kha nang d9ng tiT -C' '2: Q, tJ7j~-5, J'Lt -5, 1YJ.:.;t -5, t,t -5 ... va nhtrng d9ng tir a th~ phu dinh dUQ'C str dung,

cAu true cau

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-+Khi v~ nha, d@ co bia lanh u6ng ngay nen t6i da: uop s~n bia trong ttl Ianh.

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-+f)S khoi b] cam cum.khi vb toi nha, nhfrt dinh phai sue rnieng thuong xuyen,

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-+D~ khoi quen, hay vi~t ghi nho Iai.

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-+D~ ca khoi b] iron nen da: dt vao tu lanh r6i.

6

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13 *';:*6 mn= C:~ Ivt~~vm:a: L -CjO~ '* Lt.:.iPo

~ Truac khi uri Nhdt can chudn bi siln nhiing gi?

Y nghia

V--c j02- '*-t~Lam 55"

La m~u cau di~n ta SIJ chuan b] cong viec s~n truac,d€ tranh xay ra r~c r6i vS sau. Hay dung

chung vo; pho tu M t -? -c

I C~u truc cau I

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~ Day la tai lieu chudn b] cho viec thuc t~p tir tuiin sau. VI V?y hay doc s~n truac

di nhe.

G\",f" t, It Iv

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~ Tuiin sau nghe noi co bai thi d~y.

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~u, th~ thi phai luyen vi~t chfr Han s~n tnroc nhi.

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~ Vi ngay mai se di don ban a san bay Narita, nen toi dang dinh tra s~n gia xe dien,

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~T6i dong cira 56 nhe.

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~ DUng. Vi troi nong nen elf d~ rna s~n nhir th~ di.

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~ Lit ntra tai se lam nen cir d~ nguyen th~ di,

7

~O)t:. bf) t '5 -j!£ J: < 7-::r.. '/ -!7 L- -c < r: 2s v-, ~D~ cho chac an hay giup kiem tra ky lai mQt I~n nira nhe.

Y nghia

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Dung trong tnrong hop hien tai chua c6 v~n d~ gi say ra nhirng d~ tranh nhirng phien toai c6 th~ say ra sau nay thi nen chuan hi SI! vi~c tnro'c do mQt each cftn th~n chic chan,

cAu true cau

Vi du

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~H6m nay la thtr tu nen c6 Ie nha hang yAng khach, nhung d~ cho chac an hay dien thoai d~t tnroc,

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-Tai lieu cua cuoc I19P da xong rbi.

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-V~y thi tnroc khi copy, d~ cho ch~c an hay giup ki~m tra ky lai mot l~n 1111a nhe.

8

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-)oHffy chuan b] k~t thuc thai n30.

Y nghia

-t:- 6 -t:- 0 v - J: '5 iJ" S~p phai lam gl do thai.

-t:- 0-t:- 0 v - J: -5 iJ~ dung khi h6i thuc nguiri khac hoac tl}" h6i thuc minh nen lam mQt

di~u gl d6 khi 51! viec khi dff g§n d~n mQt thai oi8m nao do.

v It It \.!:: (It \ ~·t ft It \ sir dung trong tnrong hop h6i thuc nguoi khac hay tv h6i thuc mlnh nr bay gia tro di dn phai lam mot di~u gi do.

C~u true diu I

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-)oM~t nhi. chuan b] nghi giai lao khong .

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-)oMQi ngiroi off co m~t dAy du r6i, chung ta cung an thai nao.

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-)oChi con 15 phut nira 1ft tci 9 gio r6i dfty nen phai chuan b] xuat phat thai.

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-)oNgay mai tei len duong di du lich nen dn phai chuan b] tir bay glo thai.

9

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~Khi tre em khoang I tuoi b~t dfiu t~p di.

Y nghia

Trong m~u diu nay neu dQng nr la dQng ttl kha nang hay nhfrng dQng ttl c6 lien quan d~n kha nang diroc S11 dung thl n6 diSn ta SI/ thay d6i ttl

Trang thai khong th~ sang Trang thai co th~

C~u true cau

Vi du

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~T6i da co the goi duoc dien thoai bang tieng Nhat (tnroc day chua lam diroc)

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~Ban dfiu t6i kh6ng th~ an diroc nhi~u loai mon an Nh~t nhung gio da co th~ an duoc hau h~t.

10

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~Gfrn day ngiroi Vi~t dil quen dfin voi cac mon an ella nuoc khac.

Y nghia

v (!$#%) + J: ? I=f~ +) * L";::o

Trong diu voi J: ? 1=, n~u d<)ng tir khong phai la d<)ng tir kha nang hay dong tir chi nang hrc thi cau se co nghia la

M<)t t~p quan tir trrrO'c chua co nay dii trO' nen quen thuQc dAn

cAu true cau

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~ Tir khi b~t d~u cuec song rieng.anh §y ail quen dAn voi viec n§u rurong.

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~ Sal! khi k~t hon, anh §y quen d.1n voi viec v~ nha sam.

11

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~ Dao nay anh §y da cau han. Kh6ng hj~u co chuyen gl th~ nhI!

Y nghTa

V(t~lt'%) ) + t,t < t,t. ~ ~ Lt;::

MQt t~p quan co tir trmrc nay dang b] m§t dAn di.

c~u true cau

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C~u true diu

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~ Dao nay nhfrng d6 an li~n co the mua diroc voi gia re, nen nhfrng ngiroi tre tu6i dang m~t dan thoi quen nftu rnrong.

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~ Dao nay m~t drln tho! quen vi~t thir.

12

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~ Vi muon nhanh gioi tieng Nhat nen toi thuc hanh noi tieng Nh?t thirong xuyen.

Y nghia

Y-mif% +J: ,1= L--CIt'i-t/J: 51= L--C< tf..'~v'o V-f~1t\% + J: oj ,= L-Cv'"i-tlf~lt'J:: j:= L-C< tf..'~~'o

M~u nay dung d~ chi mQt hanh dong nao do dang du'Q'c lam di lam Il,li cho quen ho~c hanh dQng co tinh c6 g~ng lien tuc .

C~u truc ciiu 1

V-~~f:~% + J:: 5 ,= L -c l' ~ T I J: j ,= L -c < tf..' ~ It \0

~~I5-r- J: j (= L -cv '~-t/J:: 51:::: L -c < tf..'~ v '0

y-f~v\% + J:: 51= L -Cit \~ T/J:: 5 ,= L -c < t::. ~ ~ '0

~1tr-::f~v' J:: -) ,: L -Cv' ~-tl J:: 5 r= L -c < t:_' ~ v '0 .-----Y-r-d-\J ---'1

Itlv':~ ~

~~O)t:. 661= l:"lvf~::. l: I=~ :a:---:J~t -c v \ ~-r-ipo

- D~ dam bao sire khoe dn phai chu y nhirng gi?

r!) t,(/)

* v.J 1Io/.J:a:- it b f,t. " \ -c -, -c 2:' ;h, 6 t: ,t ~ < J:: oj 1= L -C" ' "i To _ Dung di xe nhieu, c6 g~ng tao thai quen di bQ.

U \.. Ii ;Ie,'\".:: < : ::1 ,,1)'

Ehl~n=f~6 c:_~t~ipG, m1tf&1!N:a:-M< J: j ,= L -Cv'~-r-o

_ Vi khong th lch b] sau rang nen sau m6i bira an toi thirong xuyen danh rang.

n ,u. ;Ie.!:'

!Ii 6 M(=, 7J~f~ G f~:a:- M 66 6 J: j ,= L- -c < tf..' ~ It '0

_ Tnroc khi di ngu, nhfrt djnh phai dong cira s6 l~i nhe.Itao thai quen)

~ tp ~ ~

if0 t: I.- ,~=,:, O)~~'': ~ b G f~I.-' J:: 5 ,= L- -c < t::_ ~"'o

-+ Nhat djnh khong diroc sa V<'l0 may nay. (Ilion Ilion)

T

=- =- ,.:, t;:_ 1'£ =- .a:- g&:b l,t v 'J: j I;: c 7.P v \ -c cb IJ ~ --to

-+ a day co vi~t "Khong duoc hut thuoc la a day" (yeu cAu gian tiep)

Ltru y V( nguyen rn~u ), V(I,t v') J: '5 K L -c < t:.:_ ~ v \ khong diroc S11 dung cho hanh dQng chi vao Iuc do rna thai. N~lI yell cAu eho Mnh dong chi vao lue do ta dung V -c, V l,t p-e< tc~v'

;/;e'

cb~v '~TtJ.o ~ J: -o ~ ~.a:- cb't-c < t: ~ v-,

-+ Trai n6ng nhi! Lam on hay ma ctra s6 ra m91 chut. (chi yeu cdu ngay tai thai diem d6)

13

~1fiJ~fL'=-, ~~tt~/tv\J: '5 '-:~v\~ Lt=iJ~Go - Vi bac SI bao toi dirng co uong nrou nira.

Y nghia

v -J!¥:fH~ + J: -) ,=- ~ '5 V-ltv \ J:. '5 ,=- ~ '5

-(Ai do )Noi dng lam haydirng lam gj do.

Dung khi muon trfch dan gian ti€p nQi dung yeu du cua nguoi khac.

C~u true cau I

V -J!$i!=lfj + J: '5 r= § '5 V-ltv' + J:;; (=- ~ -j-

T-5 ~0-CV\< i!!;h,ftv \ -$t~/tv \

Vi du

1'c1:I:t ~1:'=- T<",=- ~t3'n=- *-5 J::5{=- ~v\~LJ:o -Giao vien yeu du hoc sinh d€n lap ngay I?p nrc.

-t1'~ hlv&<

£**~lviJ~ biJ~Gltv\-=-ciJ~ ~0t::._G T("!=- ~~T-5 J::'5(=- §v'j;

Lt.:.o

-Anh Suzuki noi rang n~u co di~u kh6ng hieu thi bay lien lac cho anh Suzuki

ngay.

a':t fLI=- j; C 6!)(=- frlliJ~T 0 J::? ,=- ~ v' ~ L tz; -Mt; toi noi ding bay hoc cham chi.

:,,10,.);'1 il','L-I' LI'J.t5 H<

~*'=- ~t±(=- ~f4.a:- *0 J::? ,=- § btL j; L t::._o

Ong tnrong phong noi la hay gul tai li~u d~n van phong cho ong ay.

7L~ -c"-ttpo

........... Ban co khoe khong?

4-, @'$ :a:- i» It ' -c v ' ~ +,

-T6i b] cam.

<T~ (T)

*Jt:fi2-c"-tjp, ~ 'j:~.7;. ~ L iz.i»;

-B~n co sao kh6ng? Ban dii uong thuoc chua? *Jt~-c-t, £l:~;:~:a:-jXtJ>J:? ';:~btL~ Lt~o -Kh6ng sao dau. M~ dff bao t6i hay uong thu6c r6i.

7 / ~ !V~j: l- r:7 - ~ !v,~ 7 / ~ /v 0) 7- =\=- :a:-itr-::f~v' J: ? ,= § -? tc; ........... Anh Hung noi vai chi Thu r~ng dirng an banh ngot cira anh ~y.

L-~S.t 'j

:t± ~ ~J::fl 1= f±~I;::i!!.tLf~ v' J: ? 1= It' It' ~ L t:::..o

-Ong giam d6c noi vci toi r~ng dung di lam muon,

~i1

jOi@~/V-C-< t:_~ v'o

-B~n u6ng nrou di.

rr-s ; ?

v'v''z, 1F5tJlt-C-To

-Kh6ng, t6i kh6ng uong.

l' L- ~

~~tJ~:fL'':, ~:a:-~~f~v'J:? I':!§v'~ Lt:::..iJ>Go

- Vi bac SI bao t6i dung co u6ng nrou mra.

14

1Bi.frlJ: * 0 C' S *),.0) J:. -j ,= S *~~ J:.-=F~= ~I5To ~C6 dy qua la noi tiing Nhdt nhu ngutri Nhdt .

Y nghia

::t + 0) J:: -5 C'T ~Gi6ng nhir

La cau so sanh, dung khi mllan vi dl} v~ tinh trang, tinh chAt, hinh dang cua ngirot, v~t nay xem gic3ng nhir ciia ngmri, v~t khac,

::t + 0) J:: ? f~ ~ Dung d~ b6 nghia eho danh ttl

::t + (j) J:: -5 ,.:: ~ Dung d~ b6 nghTa cho d9ng nr hay tfnh ttl

C&u true diu I

~1t{j) J:: ? ftBt

~ 1t(l)J::? ~.::~tU'\C'T

Vi du

h- J.'

:: O)J~Ij:~O) J:. '5 C'Ttlo

~ Con rneo nay xem gi6ng nhu con h6.

I: ;; ,. 1~lvtG')

:: (j) ~H Ij: ,.:: it t (j) C'TiJ~, * Q C' *4m (j) J:: ? C'T 0

~ 86ng h6 nay Iii hang nhai th~ rna xem het nhu d6 that.

1..7,

ib-i-:: (.:::t3:!4lG{j) J:: ? ft*iJ~ ib "J * Ttlo

~Toa nha a do xem gi6ng nhu mot lau dai.

<t:l,:,ifJ .ht

:: (j)ru~,j:*!j&.JO) J: ? ft,*iJ~ L * Ttlo

~ Che nay co vi nhu vi ella hoa qua.

::Iv~ J: oj

:: (j)-1-#t,j: A * 0) J:: :> ".::iJ~;bJ., \It '0

~Em be nay xinh nlm bup be.

~,j: 0 -7 ~ }- (j) J:: -5 '.::~ < jj§:0 tz;

- Anh fry chay nhanh nhu ten Ilia . .0;"

~O) J: ? ~~ :tt~ftlt '-c'T ~ It \0

-Dlrng co an nhu Iii [an th~.

15

(};:?~

(:_" -) 'b (r3~ 0) J:: -) "I:'-t" 0

-r-Hinh nhu la bi om r6i.

Y nghia

... J: -) -t:i"' - Hinh nhtr h't

Lit cau rnang tinh suy do an dua vao cac hien nrong nhan bi~t d~ ph an doan SI)' viec .hinh nhir 1ft

Cau tryc c6u

:tov'L~'1 .:tov'L< f,tv'

:to v' L 7.P -o t:.1 .:to ~ , L < f,t 7]">' ":.) t:.

v'"61 v'f,tv' v't;:1 v ,f,t7J''':.) t:

(}~f,t/(}~ [.~i,tv\

(} ~ t:_ -o t;:/D ~ [. ~ it. iJ' ":.) t::.

m~o)lm%. c~t,tv \

mlJJ. tc_' ":.) t::./ mlJJ. [. ~ f,t iJl--:.J t:

Vi du

~\,~ Iv;l·a)!.:;: tlJl?

~ifr~:ttl'i~bft. < tt. ~ ~ Lt::.bo (:_" -) tfij7J"t~lj.7J~;b"6 J: -) -t:-t"c

- Dao nay co fry khong hay cuoi nun. Hinh nhu la dang co di~u nghT ngai gi r6i.

~,~~ .?

~A r ~,:>:?fIJtJ~A":.) t:. ~ ~ -t:-t"o :fBU'i:$7 r.::1~ G ft.7Jl":.) t:. J: -) -C-t"tlo

- Bao bu6i chieu v~n con trong hQp thir nen anh ~y t6i qua hinh nhu da khong v~

nha,

L'jO

;b 0) AtJ~f±$.a: L -c v'"6 O).a: Jt t: .; (:_ 7J~;b I') ~ -tt lvtla v \--:> 'b aR ft. J: ? -t:-t"ba

-Toi chua thfry nguoi do lam viec bao gio, Anh ~y hinh nhu !uc nao cling nhilll r6i thi phai.

LUU YVI co hai y nghTa SO SANH va SUY DoAN nen phai tuy thea cau van rna phan biet. Ngoai ra COn co th~ phan biet dira tren sir nhan bi~t v~ pho tir

Cau SO SANH: ~"6 -c: Cau SUY DoAN: ~'-) t

16

ayts l:tin G II '0

~Ngay mai hlnh nhir troi se rrura,

Y nghia

---.... G L L \ - hlnh nhir, nghe noi,

---.... G Lit \ dirng a cu6i cau di~n ta y ngtroi noi danh gia n9i dung duoc noi d~n co tinh xac

thirc cao. SIJ danh gia din cir vao nhimg thong tin ttc ben ngoai hoac la do nr ban than quan sat duoc.

c~U true diu

{to

F:ffl

&*Ij ®i.i'--:> tt:

Vidl,l

Ji-~-¥~I= J: 6 ~ a}I S l:tm G Lit \

~ Theo du bao thai tj~t, ngay mai hlnh nlnr troi se rnua.

fJT L < tfj t: jJ } '7 l:t ~ -c t -@t*iJ G L It \ Q

~Nghe n6i may anh loai moi ra nay 1£1 rfrt ti~n lei.

1EUj:4-0)~f£:a:-8lCl) -c, § 5:1'-C~f±:a:-{tQ G Lit '0

~Nghe noi anh ~y ali thai viec a cong ty cil rbi se nr thanh I?p cong ty rieng.

5G'j:Wi~O)fitr*il~~t.p--:> tt: G L <, Jt--:> -c ~ -CT ("*G.@:I=ffln:,:_ t --:> -c L.;t -o tz., ~I-linh nhu k~t qua cua thi ella anh toi kern nen v~ tai nha hi di vao phong ngay.

17

~ 'It ~ V".t

=- 0) it!! , f!J_ tJ~t-::. < ~ Iv 1,- \-t- '5 "('1""

-0 cai h6 nay, co vi! co nhieu ca qua.

Y nghla

-t 5 tc Co ve v, co kha nang V

Di~n ta nhtmg dl! doan ho~c chi~u hrro-ng cua SI}' v~t {y turrng lai g~n, nhfrng thay d6i v~ m~t trang thai. Thong thuong dung \'o-i d{>ng tir chi sl! b~t d~u, chim dirt hay bi~n dBi nhim dl! doan v~ tinh chit, trang thai nhin tir in trrQ'llg ben ngoai,

C~u true cau

R +-t ? r:

Vf du

~"t !!,~.tt.

=- 0)i'iJ1, it tl·t-::. < ~ Iv 1,- '-t-? "('1""

-0 cai h6 nay, co ve co nhiSu ca qua.

-r:;1v L-I> t:::_ .$Iv

~*O)*ii!l:tJ~c!0-:J -C, 3 0 51'l ~'j;3 < h-t- 5 it Iv "('1""

- Vi co SI! c6 xe dien, nen co ve se muon chirng 30 phut .

1'::11. ;~ t -:> ;B

1M jp t::dtJ!fo/J tJ ~ 1t i? -t- ? "(' T

-Hanh Iy co ve nhtr s~p roi ra khoi gia.

~tr n' 4f

* < -c, }§Uffl :a: v- ~ -t- '5 "('T

- Troi lanh, chac la bj cam mat

~.t oj t:19:) tJ·

4- S 9=q;: v$'- l- Zl~.lt-t- ? "('1""

-Hom nay, co ve nhir 1ft se vi~t xong ban bao cao

18

r3):ts t ~ 0 ~ It\lt \J(~t~6 ~ 0 -Ngay mai CO Ie troi dep.

Y nghia

t~6 ~ -cole

t:_' 6 ~ di~n ta S\T phan doan, suy di@n ella ngiroi noi dua vao tlnh hinh hay thong tin xung quanh.

C~u true cau

flfl-t6 t 5~1t' »iJ~

It ,It ,Jt~

Vi du

-=-O)~'j:*t$lt\ L-, t.::s:!v~'f~~tWi.J4~6 50

- V ling nay co nhieu cay c6i nen co Ie ban ngay cling yen tinh.

-=- ihJ::',f~!t ,¥{#ti-:j,tr-t[ffifi! tfrMlM-t 6 t=: 6 ~ 0

-Vi~t thir dai nhir nay thl co Ie b6 me se hai long.

~E#iif1t -c' rj:, 4'1j: t 5 ~ It \ t~ 6 5 0

-Co Ie bay gio Hokkaido troi lanh rbi.

19

<h 0 Il oJ '7 Iv::_ :, l '

!P-< jJ;V~~,*',:.5U"o

--* Vide iii b6 thi van ltit hem cho sue khoe

Y nghia

1:1 ?

V - Q 1i ---- thl hon

La dang cau thtrong dung db trlnh bay rAng sau khi da: so sanh voi cac khac: thi theo nhan djnh chung day la cai mang tfnh iru viet hem ( so sanh thuong mang tfnh an y)

C~u true cau

Vi du

~T u- l ,;t II?

1*lj.0) S {j: (i±17J'lt Q J:: "J) ~(I,:", Qh7J~:jo:jo" '0

- Vao ngay nghi toi a nM nhi€u hem (so voi di ra ngoai)

-tj-::-,j}-, J:<~Qo

- Anh co hay xem bong aa khong?

;t;tc -rt(.5i!.6J: "J)~6hil~~t2:c'i""o

- Vang co. Nhung toi thfch chai hem (la xem)

t· Iv t: 1'.511 lit" 11-) ! J: ?;If. L

r~*~jt;;t6J: V), S*il!~~i""h'=J1.,*~~0-CV'~To

- T6i quan tam d~n viec thuc hanh n6i ti~ng Nhat han la viec h9C thuoc chir Han.

;=< /!'t)'t~

(~J: "J) ~ (l)hiJ~~~ -rTo

- T6i thich an ca han (so voi an thjt)

20

itA·':? J).o t~ j

~,*(f)t:: ~(=:W-\i 't::.jjtl" V',,, -eTo

---+ Vi Sire khoe (hi nen iii ht),

Y nghia

v - t: jj........ nen , khfmg nen

La diu dung d@ thuyet phuc nguoi d6i dien nghe theo lui khuyen cua mlnh, tren phirong dien ca nhan.Nen lam gi, khong nen lam gi.

cAu true call

v -t:. V -ftv'

---+ 'k_r::.f::_ }jiJ",,'v'-z'·To

---+ 'k_A:ftlt' j]iJ'>v'v'-z"To

Vi du

1.:.1;')-1·

El *~iJ~l:=.F~=ft "J t:."'A.~(f)7 F/'~'{ A

1.:>4><!'i?

~ ~ il~t)jJ\ t:J It'" ~ ~ f'i, J'c1:.~=~" \t:.jJil~It \v '-CTo

tt~ ~ ~i5T ~ ~ b El *~ft~f~"':) t:.jjiJ~It \It '-eTo

---+ Day la loi khuyen cho nhfrng nguci muon h9C gioi tieng Nhat Trong gio hoc, khi kh6ng hi@u thi nen hoi giao vien. Trong gia h9C thi kh6ng nen tra nr di@n.

Khi tro chuyen voi ban cling nen n6i bang ti~ng Nhat,

---+ D~ dam bao sire khoe

Nen an nhieu fau hon nira

21

;10<

/-\_A 1;:t)l!n{:J ~ C: 7Yi ib 00

Xe buyt cling co khi tr~ gio.

Y nghia

v ~*~~.:. C ;O~ ib 0 - Co khi, thinh thoang.

Di~n ta s,! vi~c say ra khfmg co tlnh thuong xuyen, Hiu lflu, thinh thoang mrri say ra.

C1u true cau

Vi du

.r-:: ~ T A I:: 11 < .:. C ;O~ ib ~ *- +z»,

-Thinh thoang anh co di Vi~t nam khong?

Ij:v -. ~I:: 2 ----- 3 @l{t< .:. c: il~ib ~ *--90 -Co. Nam d9 doi ba IAn.

0~ ff./Vt,.~, -t L 0<

flO)*-Z:I;:tfH:: {ij@lil~:B~P] i"f'F-o .:. c il~ib ~ *- +,

-Nha toi thang vai I~n co lam man an Sushi.

;10< ~/vL.

/-\_Alj: )!!.no ':'c:il~ibQO)--C:, ~!j["('v\0t::'l?il~v\v'-z:-tJ:o

-Vi xe buyt cling co khi tr~ gib' nen di b~ng xe dien thi han.

~9? J- t,~~~. ?/v-c/o

~ I:: -1-#til) mtflH L. -c *-0 .:. c il" d0 ~ *- Til~ G, ff~ L. -C~fi L. f.t < -c (';tv· 'It ~ttlvo

-Doi kh i tre nho b§t ngb' chay lao dAu ra, vi th~ lai xe phai chu y.

22

1:.t,.r;, ~

~ < C I;: ~ t: -? t~.::. ~ iI~ 31J '? j: -r-tJ"o

-r-Anh ail timg trung s6 s6 bao gia chua?

Y nghTa

v t: .::. ~ il~ 31J Q - Dil nrng Dung d~ chi mQl hanh dong dil tung say ra trong qua khir.

cau tr lie cau

~ ,

1T'? t:

1:

1JtA':. t:

~

5[, t:

Vi du

.r(. r-TA.r-..1T-?t~ ,:. ~ tJ~31J "J j:-r-tJ'o

-- Anh dil tirng di d~n Vi~t Nam chua?

'-', ~ c p

V ' V \ ;t -, ~ t:'- db "J ;t -tt Jv fl', - ~1T 2" t::: ~. \ ~ }~J, \ j: i"" 0

=-Chua, nhung tei ciing muon di tlnr mQt I~n.

t,. ~ ~

-~t~ltW\$!1Hi~ 5[,t::: :. C: ;;J)db "J ~-r-o

-- Toi ali tung I l~n di xem ca kjch Nhdt Ban.

i~*T A r ---c 1 0 0 ,~~I&-? t::: :. ~ il\db "J j:-t-il:.o

__ B{U1 ail tung duoc I 00 di~m bai thi chfr Han chua?

It'v \;t, db "J ~ -tt Jvo -Chua tirng.

.t .., 11 r;, -» 1:.

~ j: ---c I;: {PI@]il> [3 *7~ ~!X Jv -c: ~~ -? :tb -? t::: ::. C: iJ \ db "J * i"" 0

-Cho a~n bay gia tai dli nrng vai I~n u6ng say nrou Nhdt,

-Anh da tirng cuci voi chua?

.:.t>

~'iv', £b'?*-to .!:::-ctfffiip'?t~""C'-to

-R6i. So l~m.

23

J:. f"i

Q:g-'J.(7):7 tr -/{,-tJ~ f.tlr·f.ttJ"l~-'JtJ"l f::; f.t v '0

~That kh6 tim diroc hi me d~t co 4 canh,

1. f.ttJ-:.f.ttJ~ + D{}ng nr th~ phu djnh

Y nghia

f.t tJ'lt.t tJ'l + V (nai) - Miii m6'i

Di~n ta y d~ thuc hien mot di~u gl do phai m§t thai gian, sue lire, kho thirc hien,

Vi du

Itt..:

t~Ui jJ '7 ;1-7~;: 11' < C: f.t (pft.tJ~ "7 -1 :7 :a:-1i"5t L- '* it Ivo

- N~u anh §y rna di hat Karaoke.thi mai mai rei n6i mie ra.

;;<

Jl!tL -c-tJi.*itlvo /{,AtJ' ft.i:J'ft.tJ~ *tt.tJ'-?t::(J)C' ...

-Xin l6i vi da toi muon. Xe buyt rnai moi toi.

r<1v~ J: ';>1'

tt.tJ,tt. t.p~%i*-c-ttlo

-Qua fa nguoi cham hoc.

2. ft.tJ",t.ttJ ... + Th~ khang djnh

Y nghia

t,t. tr~f.t tJ-:' + Th~ khang djn h- Qua la, kha la

Diroc dung o~ di~n ta sir danh gia tich eire cua nguoi noi (t6t hon , tuyet voi hon mlnh oa nghT)

Vi du

l:.t?i"

(bftt=I:t S *~B-iJ~ ftTJ~ft7P J:-¥""fT:O.a

~ Tieng Nhat cua ban gua la gioi d~y.

L...t<I:'? "'L..:(

,:_O)k~O)IE~I:t ftTJ'IftiJ) :f3v\~v\""fi-ha

~Su~t an tnra tai nha hang nay kha la ngon nhi.

ilA.,

,:_ O)*,:t ftTJ~ftTJ~ t=~':.ft 'J *T eta

~ Cuon sach nay kha la hfru Ich d~y.

L.. _- J.-

ff:j::a: Ji!. '0 It Q 0) f'i tt TJ'" ft TJ'" t.rr TJ" L 1t \ "C'T 0

~ Tim GUf7C viec lam qua /Q kho khan,

t:i"tJ· t:_~'~A-

3. ttiJ"ttiJ). + • i. 1t -. *~t~, ------I:' < v -.

Y nghla

Kha lit kho.qua la kho

Truong hop nay tren hinh thirc se la ft iJ.,.ft TJ'" + The khang dinh nhung tren m~t y nghia Iai Ia viec thuc hifn se kho khan, khong d~ dang.

Vi du

L..'4> < ~~, t:-r~·

':'0)1s~':t ftlJ.,.ftlJ\ til ~v\"C'Ta

~Bai t~p nay khii la kh6

r;tt,t

':'0)':'c!::1:t ~};(,:,,:t ftTJ.,.ftTJ'" g5~0~v\""fTa

- N6i chuyen voi co dy v~ di~u nay gua Ia kh6.

~)lvt:l \ IJA.-t:/-v

=-O)r,,~~I:t ftTJ.,.ftTJ'" *iJwr~,:.< v\""fTa

- V~n d~ nay qua fa kh6 phan doan.

fpA.,t:.J..

S *~O)MJ5tfH:t ftTJ.,.ftTJ'" f(ir~. "'C1:ti1J V) * it !va

~ Vi~c h9C tieng Nh~t gua la chang dS chut nao.

24

~tL -c It 'I Q (J) ,;:: HfttLt~ It '0 -M¢/ rna van khong ngu duo«:

Y nghia

(J) ,;:: "-Th~ rna, rna

La cau co v~ tnroc va v~ sau nghjch nghTa nhau, k~t qua say ra hoan toan ngiroc lai voi dir doan cua v~ tnroc

c~u true diu

L- ft)\t~/ L- fip [, ~ t~ It'

L- f ip t~ '? t:J L- f i.l ~ [, ~ t~ i.l" 0 t:

(J) ,-~

i'-

iT < / 1Tipf~1t 'I 1T0 tc.t ffi.l"tti.l" 0 t:

:tJ1t'lL-v'/ .:t3v'L-< ttv'

.:t31t'l li.l'0 t:..! .:t31t' l < t~i.l\0 t:

ffif~! ffit-\,=>f~p

ffitf_' 0 tct ffi [, -\'=> fti.l~0 t:

Vidl,l

~ L- t: L-;; Iv t.t'~ --<Iv~ J: ?

I3}j B ~~i.l";b 0 (J)~;::, {ilT t ff!'ll 5~ L- -c It, '* it Iva

_ Ngay rnai CO bai thi, th~ rna horn nay chang hoc hanh gi ca.

fl.lvtJ~l" J:.

{ilT@] t mlv t= (J) I'::', b i.l" ~ '* it Iva

-DQc nhi~u I~n r6i rna vlin kh6ng hi€u gi.

:;I:~ fl·,;:

~ t'::!f!.1t 'I(J),;::, t -) }ffi-o Iv C'-t i.l "0

_ vlin con sam rna da v~ sao?

-c fJ; ~ f:_~,-tt-:> T

-=t(J)-¥*J\:,::kWJtt(J)I.::. , c" -) L- -c~-c-c L- 'i -) (J)C'-ti.l'o

-La thir nay quan trong rna tai sao lai virt di th~?

;;1:;:;

*t~O)';:, mt:_t:_iJ~< t~t?t~I.-'o

- Da rnua xuan r6i rna troi v§n chua ~m len nhl.l

Y nghla

Dung d~ bay to cam giac ti~c nu6i vi thuc t~ hi~n tai khong gi6ng voi qua khir t6t dep.

n'p tt~, L ::_ 7 t.: .t 5 ...

.:: 0)) II (.i if ~i 2" hI.-' t_:: ~ t:_ 0) ~-:., ~ b ':J ,-:. I ~ iJ~~ ;t -c, 4- Ii C: -c t 2" t:_/t I.- '-c

To

-Dong song nay ngay xua d5 r~t dep nhir V?y rna, VI bao quanh them nhieu cong xuong nen gic th~t la ban.

"'t~ t, ... <. .l:'::

t .> 7' -i6-C 2" tz: C: .; 0 'i, #JT L- < -c 2" hI.- ,t_:: ~ t::. 0) {-:'o (4-litl < t~ 0 -ct15.n

-c L- ~ 0 tz; )

-Trung tam nay h6i rnoi hoan thanh , vira moi vira dep nhir v~y rna ... (hien d5 tro

nen eli ky, do b~n)

Y nghia

La cau noi gia thiet lai v~ viec d5 say ra trong qua khir. Gia thi~t r~ng n~u sv viec diroc lam khac v&i thirc t~ da lam thi k~t qua se khac di. Thuong dung d~ bay to su ti~c nuoi, h6i han.

Vf du

~ (J) 7 L- }, " IJ < n'

~t [3 O)~:/ 1J -O)~-E', 60-t:-':: -C{~iJ~ '5 ~ < ~.n'i'~0 t:. 0) ,= ts,

- Trong tr?n thi dfru bong da ngay hom qua, neu a vi tri do rna tbi lam t6t thi d5 thang r6i , nhung rna ...

1 iJ~jH~0 -Cv 'n''£, T =:'It '#!Hf~iJ~;bQ/'~ ~:::r yiJ'}'Il. ;tt=O)'=f~o

-,N~u cho them 1 thang nira thl chac la da mua dtroc may tinh moi voi nhieu co nang han rei, nhirng rna ...

25

Khi d~ c~p v~ d&i nrong nao do, co th~ la ngmri, v~t, s .... vit, hi~n nrong.nhtrng m§u van pharn sau hay dlfQ'C sir dung

Danh tir + {= 0 v ,'t" -v~

L-

tb(J)A. '=0v'""( fll:t fjjJ'=b~I);t1:tlvo

- T6i kh6ng bj~t gi v~ ngiroi do ca.

ltl'~·~' ltlv~.pj

S*(J)*-I~ :=0v'""( 1iJf~L-""(v'~To

-T6i dang nghien ciru v~ kinh t~ Nh~t Ban.

It·'", 'Iv -tt-:>

=-(J)m~ (J)JJj(1EI ~=0v'""(':t It'< 0t.pO)IDlil~J>J0o

-Co nhieu nguyen nhan giai thich v~ can benh nay.

L-Iv-tt, '\)01.- -tt...,....",

tr~~ ';:01t'""( '::l~.~v't:: L~To

-T6i xin giai thich v~ san pharn maio

",,~, "/).t:.

::I y ~o ;:z. -7' - (f)f~1t \ jJ ,= 0 It \ -c (J) *iJql L- v '0

-T6i muon sach v~ each Slr dung may tlnh.

26

Danh tir + I-:.I}§ L--C

-v~, lien quan d~n

I;: Il Iv .!P Iv tl' L- !pl.-

S*xft5e '=I*J-t-Q * ,:t tt: < ~1vJ>JQo

-T6i co nhieu sach v~ lich sir van hoa Nhat ban,

:t',';;'<~/v':'? tJ·1v l:,.p?~lvltlvc'j (J--?J;.'j

~00i~!l ';:M L -c~:t, + 71~itTQ£,~n~ibQo

-?Lien quan d~n Sl! thay d6i v~ k~ hoach dn phai co SI! nghien ciru ky luang.

~'~'':< " ':cl;C L.>I>'jn·A, tpA,

Yi- ffiI ""-11' < f,t G § ~ t:: ~ t '"C' f,t <, ~ 'I ~ ;: ~ L -c t ~ -o -c :to It \ t: Lf '5 iJ~ It \ l.- \ 0

-?Khi di fa mroc ngoai khong chi ngoai ngfr rna cAn tim hi~u ca v~ t~p quan noi do.

27

Danh tir + I;: nC\tJC\b Q

-?Lieu quan d~n, anh hirong d~u.

Dung d~ trlnh bay mQt Sl}' vi~c nao d6 co lien quan, co tAm anh hlfOng d~n SI}' vi~c khac. Thuong mang y nghia tieu CI}'C

"(1)t, ~ .t-3 It D'

in ';:iJ"iPV0 *i~~:R;'"C'To

-? Chan thirong nang gay anh huang d~n tinh mang.

II! " J:

AO)~~ l;:iJ:.iJ:,V0 J: '5 f,t::... C: i'§ '5 f,to

-?Khong duoc noi nhfrng dieu anh huang d~n danh dir cua ngiroi khac.

~t, Clvltlv t:l·-tt--:> t,A,t:;.

77-1 /"/~~~Q C: l.-\ '5.:. C: viATi l;:iJlipvQ*-IjJ]f,trQ~~'"C'To

~Bao v~ cuoc sang rieng tu la v~n de quan trong lien quan d~n nhan quyen.

28

L'

Danh tir + rPHt {':/ rfiJ ,t 0)/ rfiJ It f'=

-Dauh cho,thich hop vOi.

{!L.,.p-?l~ ts

::...tuj:n:m* rtJ~tl;: :!f:tJ:.t1f~*-c'To

~Day lei cuon sach diroc vi~t danh cho ky suo

t:P '; ~ < U'0.!: ~ b;1. U'!: L. :: I::

,:_ h (j: f$: t.J ;O~ £;, ~ ti: (J) -c', .!::" i=:J G;o:> .!:: v \ ? .!::;S: V \ A !PJ ~ (J) f±. -c'-r- 0

-Day lei c6ng viec thfch hop vai nguoi tre tu6i han vi no doi hoi nhieu sire lire.

i!:0n~'L..!:

=0)~Jt~.1j:7~OOA rPJttt~n~, S*A;O~wtlv-c't.!::-ct:tot L~<, t-::J/)i=tt.Qo

=-Ban huang dan nay danh cho ngueri rnroc ngoai nhung nguoi Nh?t doc cling thfty rftt thu vi.

29

1':\0">

Danb tll + ~;:M L -c

-D8ivO'i

~~< ~'" t:.~, L.0hl·

~ ':l; #R ,=~ L --C ~*L ti: ,:_ .!:: :a:- § 0 -c Ij: v \ It ~ it Ivo

-Kh6ng duoc dung nhtrng loi khiem nhff d5i voi khach hang .

.p1~>j>?U'1v t.:1' f),Iv-t!'"

~Arf(:) '=M L --C l-;t, r~H5ln\n"t Gn --C v \150 -Thll~ b] danh d6i voi hang nhap khau,

;tl'~;' ';;!.-f). ~~~1i-

Wtlj: S /.$:O)*-£?tft~'t-c"j:tt. < -c S /.$:O):>Cft '=M L -c t, JIl.,*:a:- t 0 --Cv \150

-Anh fry kh6ng chi quan tam d~n v~n de kinh t~ rna con ca d6i voi van hoa Nh?t

ban

30 :t + (:. J: 6 C: Tuy thee, can cii vao
3 1 :t + I:. J: 0 ""( Sui. vi, bang. tuy thee
32 ~+~.imC:""( Thong qua, suot
3 3 ---C:~\?"'-- Co ten la
34 ~ + 0""(/""( C6 nghia la
3 5 v (8~ifJl~) + C: ~ \ ? .; C: ''i Cau danh tit h6a d9ng nr
36 ;:g + C: ~ \? (l),'i---""(" \ :) :. C: tc. C6 nghia la
3 7 --- C: V \:J .b~t-c-t Co nghia la
38 --- C: v \ ? (l) l'i c:" ? "C-t tJ' Thay the nao (cau hoi y kien)
39 ---C:~--- Khi
40 ---:'.is--- Khi
4 1 v Wfif~) +C:~ Cau chi thoi diem cua hanh dong
V (t:.~) +C:~
42 ---C::..iS Cau chi tien d(> cua hanh dQng
4 3 ---n\G---~"('--- Tir > den
44 v (t¥if~) +~-c" (Lam viec gi do lien t\JC )cho den t~n khi
45 ~ ? 'G--- Trong khi
46 :t+r:p Trong khi, suot
4 7 V-""(It \6 +KtrJ:l Trong khi
48 V c-~-t) n"t6 Chi hanh d(>ng dang du chirng
49 V (;t-t) ~.b 6/~a{f; 6 Hanh dong bat daulket thuc
50 V (t:.~) + t» C: ,~, ? C: Khi, moi ... thi, khi .... ngay l~p tire
5 1 V (t:.~) + C: t:./v Khi, moi vira moi
52 V (""(~) + ('i c:~-c Sau khi
53 R+;jz~ Sau khi
54 V (t:.~) +1:."(' Sau khi
55 V (""(%) +tJ'G-cttv\c: Neu kh6ng lam gl thi khong. ..
56 --- b---I'i--- b-- Vira- I~i vira
5 7 ---""( (-c) Vua- I~i vita
58 ---c:v\:JJ:VJ Khong chi - rna con
59 ---t-='rt-C''it~lt \ Khong chi - rna con
60 ij+c: U:.) J:tr::""( Cdu so sinh
6 1 ~ + IJ: c:' ---''i/~lt \ Cau so sanh b~c nhat 30

Danb tir + I;: J: -'6 ~ I;: J: ilA:f ~ Theo, din cir vao

Dung d~ truy~n d~t I~i thong tin du'Q'c nghe tir ngu6n tin nao do, thirong k~t hQ'p vOi -t -) -c:-t.

L-1v';:JJ ",,'alv/! ~J:.?~J:.<

*M ,;: J: ~ ~, *£pgr S *I'j:-'"< l- T A';: t -o c!:: ~ jJ -t -"5 -t ? -C:-To

~Theo tin tir bao chf, trong nam toi Nh?t Ban se tang cirong hop tac voi Vi~t Nam.

-c JJ ~ J; i! ? 1::, '.&. ;.

7C~T~ ~=-J: ~ C!::, fYi E ilmill < ~-t -) ""f-to

~ Theo dir bao thai ti~t, ngay mai bao se toi,

~b~~ ~<

~ll ~;: J::tUi', =- O)*''i )1-00Ail~ S *0) =- c!:: ~*IJ -5 0) ,;: 1~';:

t: ./) -t ? -c-t a

~ Theo ban toi noi, cu6n sach nay r~t b5 Ich d6i voi ngiroi rnrrrc ngoai d~ tim hi~u

thong tin v~ Nh?t Ban,

~~,=- J: ~ C!::, fBl:R-Ij:~ ~ L < -c ~.nJ., ,t'::-t -) -c+, ~ Theo ban Wi noi thi co ~y vira hien lai vira xinh.

31

Khi danh tir k~t hQ'P vOi ,;:. J: -o -c I ,;:. J: V) I ,= J: .Q I ,= J: -o -c ti thi no thirong mang nhtrng nghia sau:

I.BOi (V -thu dQng)

-+Dilng d~ trinh bay chu th~ cua dQng til thn d(>ng d?t trong cau thu d(>ng

'-'Iv,"", j 1;;"'-">"

~ f~ Ij: ::r::; y /' ,= J::"'? -c 9E ~ ~ tl.f,::o

-+Bong di~n duoc ph at minh ra boi Edison,

2. Vi

-+Dilng d~ chi nguyen nhan If do

,.&.1;.>pj,' t::'L'C':: iO

/Fi±;i" ,;:. J::"'? -c *.~il\~ =- 9 =- C bib 90

-+ Vi kh6ng chu y eo th~ d~n d~n tai n1;10 nghiem trong.

3. Bing (phlfong phap)

t,1vt::P ~it~ }, ~>, 'It", 1.1 j iOt

FJ:I~.~lHj:m5 L-~ It \ ,;:. J:: "'? -c ~~i;k: L- t,:: 15 tf~ ~ \ v \ C ,~, V \ ~ -r- 0

-+T6i nghT cac v§n d~ nen duoc giai quyet b~ng d6i thoai

4. Toy theo

1."lvtJ, fl'/: 1;.tJ;

~ ;:t:Jj(j: A '=J::"'?-C ~~\~To

-+Cach suy nghi tuy theo m6i nguoi la khac nhau

~ t" Iv Ii L. J: 1;.n'

13*e'(j: 7/{,- ~O)~t~I::t~m '=J::"'?-C~v\~To

-+0 NMt, tuy theo tung dja di~m rna gia thue din h(> la khac nhau.

31-2

<I.:. L.J:<-ttl'n'-? i?>I'

OO~;: J: -o -c it 1: M-l'i~v 'I *-9

~Tuy vao qu6c gia rna co CUQC s6ng fim thirc khac nhau.

Y nghia

t,Ji'

~;: J: 0 -c~ 5 Tuy vao N ma khac nhau

Dung d~ trinh bay vi~c tuy vao tirng tnrirng hop, rna SI}" vi~c do se khac nhau,

C~u truc diu I

i?~'

N ~;: ,;: J: 0 -c ~ 5

Vi du

01:: 1: t,1l) -t- ~ G l:>~i

fi.!;: J: -':) -c it A:!jftI (J) ~f ~ t!'lv 'I il\ ~" 'I * -9

~ Tuy vao tung ngiroi rna viec thfch hay ghet 06i v6'i 06 an ta khac nhau.

< I':' L. .!: < it, 'f,',-, 17tl'

00 ~=- J:: -':) -c -jt 1:. tiS" l'i~" 'I * -9

~Tuy van qu6c gia rna co CUQC s6ng ~rn thirc khac nhau.

<-t-I) 0-1:: .;.< ~J:? "

,::. (J) ~ l'iA I;: J: -':) -c ~'i Mil ft ffl il~ tti6 .:. c!:: iJ~ ib 'J *-9

~ Thu6c nay thl tuy tung nguoi rna co trieu chirng phu khac nhau.

0-1:: it\'n'< i?fJi

A':::.J: 0 -c'tt~il~~" '*-90

~ Tuy tirng nguoi rna co tlnh each khac nhau.

? I~ oj L.o4>'}fJ';" t,~:

:Li!rj5 ,:::. J: -':) -c ~ 'tlt il\~v '* +,

~ Tuy tung dja phirong rna co t~p quan khac nhau.

32

')?

U~~0=~~~~~0=~-~~~C~ ~~*Lko --Toi bi~t viec do qua tin nrc tren Tivi

Khi danh tir k~t hop voi ~

')? ~JO

~ C -c /~ L- ~ thi no thirong mang nhfrng nghia sau:

1 . Qua, Thong qua

Thong qua ngiroi v~t trung gian dS viec khac duoc hlnh thanh.

'):;

;f.L'i~ 0) = ~ :a:~ i- l::"0)=~ - ~ :a:1m C ~ ~ ~ "j: L iz;

--Toi biet viec d6 qua tin nrc tren Tivi

L-~::'.t j ~'-t;1' v- L ): ')? /:fT) Ii? jOt,

:t± ft ,j: 'I't L-It 'iJ" G, WiI= :a:~ c ~ Milvt=-.1JiJ\ It, It, ~ ,'i!!,1t \"j: To

-- Vi giarn d6c ban, toi nghi nen d~ C?P nguyen vong thong qua thir ky thi t6t.

<:10 t!1l".'lo4>? lJ: :'11:' '"

~~i'-{ /7'-* ';I r- ~@ L -c -tltWr:pO)t~ ~iJ~~I;:A00

--Bay gic c6 th~ cap nhat moi thong tin tren th~ gioi thong qua Internet.

~.t?')? .p:'lA.-

iJ"n ~ fj: ~ @ O)1XA:a:1m C ~~ ~ -g--':) tc;

--Toi va anh ely bi~t nhau thong qua cling mN nguoi ban than.

2.

~ ,

Suot, Trang suot.

Di~n ra trong suot mot thai gian dai, tir luc b~t dfru d~n khi k~t thuc.

T> Il ? ~1O

ibO).ttB.1Jli, 1 ~ ~$ L '"CF:f;iiJ'$.It'o

--Vling do luong rmra nhi~u trong subt I nam troi.

".-,L.t'i 2'<L-/v

*Ij: - 1: :a:@ C -C~!Il.~-C:To

--Anh ely d(lc than subt doi.

33

"b Iv c~~i~ ~ v \ -) ;f4ii.a:-9aJ 0'::) -Cv \ ~ T7JC\o ~B<.ln co bi~t rnon an ten laMonjayaki khong?

Y nghia

Danh tu + ~ V \ -) + Danh tir C~u true cau I

Danh tiT + ~ t,. \ '5 + Danh tir

~f)u9'e goi hi, co ten la

~;-~i;ij ~ It \ 5,~

"b Iv C ~~.l ~ ~ It, 5;f-l-J.!

Vi du

t7~~? t ~

.:: .:: f'j: * Jit ~ It ' 5 "* ~ f.t1fBm""CTo

-)Day la thanh ph6 IOn co ten lil Tokyo.

;b0)8£1J:;v!v c!:: It \ 5 ~ Wre'To

~Con mea kia eo ten 1ft Lulu.

?t~ ~ v·, '5 ~""C~ IJ -c < r: ~"'o

~Khi tai ga eo ten 1ft Takasaki thi hay xu6ng.

~ J: 7 ~

;bf.tf=Ii ~··lvf.tf-l-~iJ:;$lt~ -c'TiJ"o

-? Ban thfch rnon an nao? fJ.I'j: 'b Iv c ~~.l~ iJ:;M~ -c'To -?Toi thfch Monjayaki.

'b Iv C ~ #E ~ ~ v' -) f-l-~.a:-9aJ 0'::) -c v \ ~ TiJ~o

-B~n co bi~t mon an ten 1ft Moniayaki khong? 9aJ IJ ~ it Ivo :f3 It, L- It \ ""CTiJ"o

- T6i kh6ng biet. Co ngon kh6ng?

t Iv C ~ r5t ~ I'j: ~ -c t :f3 It \ L-" \ S ;;$::f-+fm""CT 0

Monjayaki la mon an Nhat Ban r§t ngon. o'::)-Clt'-)N

Trong cau chuyen hang ngay, thuong hay dung each noi 0'::) -c It \ -) day If! each noi th~

than m~t ella ~ It, '5 .

;b0)5tBlJ:!v!vo'::) -c v) -) ~ M-c'To ~~0 -c It) -) ,~-C~1$1J -c < f:' ~ v '0

t Iv c~rt~ 0 -c v' '5 f-+~.a:-9aJ 0'::) -C1.- \ j:; -tiJ"o

34

::. I:: It tt.i.. J:

z; (J) ~ ~1'i{PJ-c~trlv-c'-r-iJ~o

----. Tir nay doc th€ m10 ?

Y nghia

-o -c /-c Cai do, cai nay co nghia la gi

Dung d~ dinh nghia, X3C djnh v~ mQt tir, mQt vfin d~, sl! vi~c nao do chua dlfCyC bi~t ro ]

Cftu true cau

Vi du

Menh d~ th~ hi~n mot v~n d~, sir viec dn djnh nghia + ') -c /-c

~1v;7;_A- l' ;,.

~;l:I') (~)-C~. \ ? ~gtl'ifct Iv -c'-r-7J~o

----,Clii nr ~~:t co nghia la gi ?

itA-itL' ::.;t ~

?t1:(J)P'fiJ~J::<f:IfJ=-;t~1tlvo fctlv (t:) -cv\')-CJ.,\Qlvc'-r-7J~o

-Minh khong nghe tieng thay giao noi. Thay giao dang noi gi v~y ?

::. I:: t"! t~A- .l:.

=- (J) ~ ~iH.t {PJ -c llJG tr Iv -c' -r- 7J ~ 0

----. HI nay doc th€ nao ?

35

o T l·'*.

fg~ C: V \ ) 0) li*I.:." \f,t v) --:> -c v' 5 .:. C: ~T

-RlIsu co nghla iii khong co & nha.

Y nghla

C: ,,'I ) (J) fJ:, -? l" 'I '5 ;: C: t-! Co nghia lit

Dung d~ djnh nghia giai thich cho mQt tir ngir, ho~c mQt diu nao do. Trong nhirng truong hQ'P khong hi~u, dn X3C dinh mQt v§n d~ gl do cling co th~ dung mfiu cau nay.

e~u true cau

VI du

c ~ l"'-:>~A., jo,~; 1:.;)'1... ~>l'l~ c·

~~~ ill iJJ C: ,,'I '5 0) Ii, ii '5 ~~rl'l' i=~t±"'"'fT < --:> -c v' '5 ;: C: C'-t

-lisashukkin co nghia lit di d~n Cty voi tho; gian khac nhau.

t: t·~ ~ Iv L t!:I.-'

s: 1::> A ~ ~ 11:: C: V 'I '5 0) Ii, A -o -c I j: " ) ~ t f.,e v 'I 0 lV' '5 ;: C: 'C'-t

_ Tachiirikinshi co nghia lit khong duoc vao,

{, T ,'*.

{g~ C: v' '5 0) fj:* ,.:. v' f,t v' --:> "{" v) '5 .:. C: 'C'-t

-Rusu co nghia lit kh6ng co & nha.

'I...*,A., T

~~ C: " 'I '5 (J) 1j:::$7 /{.:::z ~ P;z 0l Ij: v' ,t f.,e v' 0 -C" \ '5 ;: C: C'-t

_ Kinen co nghia lit c§m hut thuoc.

l~5~I...l ~~

f~ffl~11:: C: v \ '5 0)1j:~ 0 -c liv "tf.,ev \ 0l v' '5 ;: C: ~-t

-Siyokinsi co nghTa lit dm sfr dung.

36

L.p? t.l'h..

7i-~lffi-~~~ C: It \ -) :. C: '"1-t CT)OO OXSC1t:~ ~ 'tl" ~~~:. C: C'To

HQc ngoai ngfr co nghia la hoc van hoa, t~p quan cua mroc d6.

Y nghia

v - Q C: V \ -) :. ~ 'i/ V - Q ':) -c It \ -) :. ~ ~j:

V - Q ~ It \ ? :. C: li co tac dung lam cho toan bQ ph~n nay tro thanh danh ttl. Voi hinh thirc V - 0 ~ ~ , -] :. C: ~i ~ t~ thi n6 tro thanh chu ngfr cua cau. a phdn tuc ttl' .....__ t~ hay dung nhfrng nr phan doan hay danh gia cua ngiroi n6i nhir ~ Lv \, *'!£.t::..' ..

C~u true diu

VI du

;t. ,,, ~ to. '~h..

1if!jiJJ v: 3 =¥ /' ::1'T Q ~ v \ -) :. ~ '"1 ~ -c t *'!£.f~::. ~ C'To

~ Viec hang sang di da bQ thl th~t la v5t va.

t, .; < 1...-:>11.1'

j!!~UT6 ~ v\ -):. ~ '"1~1:,=t:.v\ L -c)l<;:;fL C'T .t ,

~ Viec h9C sinh d~n lap muon, thl th~t la thAt I~ vai thfry co giao.

un·L "O)t,

tr ,j:Yi-~ -"'iT < ~ It \ -) :. ~ ,j: 1frJ ;6qt C' L tc;

~f)i ruroc ngoai ngay tnroc la mot viec nguy hiem toi tinh mang.

37

c:;!.:-:> c:;~~<

~ f3~;: i@J ffT Q c!:: It\ 5 b~t~TP.o

-Co nghia la ngay trong ngay ao se 161 noi nhi!

Y nghla

... c!:: l;\:) b~tl:T- Co nghia la

Dung khi trinh bay k€t lu~n rut ra mQt each logic tif nQi dung ella ngU'm ndi d€n nguot dbi thoai,

Vi du

.::.tfA,~~:; ~;

~ f31J:#~iJ'lfM'fll:~b ~ e'To -Ngay mai chi hoc bu6i sang thoi,

~>I>7LJ;<

--:J,!~, *~ :ttttf~It, c!::v'5:b(te'TP.o

- Vdy co nghTa la ngay mai khong an C0111 (] tnrong nhl.

IJ >l> :; ;I' < I., Iv ;;. "'-A, t < .-

fLIJ:;J\-7-" ~ /""-flj '!it L -Cv\'! L1-::0 c!:: v\ '5 .:bttl:~~B#o)ll'5 iJ~1~~e'To

-Toi dfl tung la hru hoc sinh tai thanh phc3 H6 Chf Minh d~y.Di~u do co nghTa la toi r~t ranh tieng Nam BQ.

t/. If t: .hi''' op:;n't:: '?

iftS3 ~$"A tJjhl'i -9 jj r-: / -{ I;:ff~ '! To

-N~u xu~t phat tir san bay Narita vao bu6i sang thi chieu t6i se t6i Ha NQi.

C?!.:,? C?t,~<

~ f3 ,;:jlj ~ T Q c!:: v' '5 btt-C:TP.o

-Co nghia la ngay trong ngay do se t6i noi nhi.

J: oj ~.!"-?

~tl€IJ: 0 ~:/ ~ iJ:;~ ~ '! To

-Nguai may se lam cong viec han xi.

~ it ~J

)dJ:m~~f~:' c ~ L f~ < -Cv \1; \ C I; \ '5 .:b'tl:Ttlo

- V~y co nghTa 1ft con nguoi se khong phai lam nhirng cong viec nguy hiem nhi,

~ a IJ:ffie'T J:o

-Mai se mira d~y.

1!:A,f:. < ;l·b

J(-n -C:iJ:75tt~ L -c t ~ipf~v \ C v' '5 bttt::'o

-V?y co nghia la db gi~t sc khong th~ kho nhi!

38

J:~< D>

T~:a:-~;:t~ ~V'? O)fi.!:"? -C:Tt.J~o

Y nghia

Lei m~u diu dung dJ hoi y ki~n cua ngtroi obi thoai v~ d~ ngh] cua minh (th§y d~ ngh] do th~ nao). Thuong dung khi muon dtra ra mQt d~ nghj moi trong tnrong hop con co virong mite hay d~ cung giai quyet mQt b~ tite nao do.

LUll Y tuy obi nrong dbi thoai rna

Dung th~ kinh ngfr("- ~ 1,,' ~ 0)1:; ~"? -c'L J:: -j 7P/"- (:-1,,'? O)I'J:~' -j -eTiJ~) hay th~ than m~t ( 0 -c 1,,' 5 O)!i t! t::_· 0 5 /0 -c 1" \ 5 0) 1;t. C:" oj )

c~u true diu

Vi du

='t~, lE<~'

f!FJ 13 iT < I ~ O)iII < ~= l'i it ¥: iJ~;9; I) ?t it Ivo

-Noi g§n ccng xirong chung ta toi ngay mai, se khong co quan an dau.

"'-Iv/:'

.:.en -eli, .:to#¥3 ~M'0 -CiT < c-1" \? O)'i ~"? -c'TiJ~o

_ Anh thfty th~ nao neu chung ta mang com hop di an?

~.t-j '_'_ ~\L~ oj

~ B 0).q:1.&,"j:~*!=1T < orc . T 7-. r-:a:-st ,t 6h ~ it Ivo

_ Vi chieu nay toi phai di kharn bac 51 nen khong th~ lam bai kiem tra duoc.

.::;j;. :."-t!'lvt,>l> ~ ?

!!II) ~ L t.:.;O., LfMrp f~§t ,t 0 ~ It, ? o)f'i ~~? --r--tiJ:.o

-Gay nhi! Anh th~y th~ nao n~u lam bai kiern tra trong bu6i sang.

,s;Vlo 1:> ;I;"I.:1:>1p7.. ;i:;t 1tv'~t!v'ck

tflh~ iJ~~ G iJ:> 0 --C 1.-' 0 0) ~4If 13 'lff'i 6 M f~~fJI!~~:a:--t 0 ~ v' ? 0) ft. t::' ? --r--til\o

-Vi linh kien hay roi vai lung tung nen anh nghi th~ nao neu hang ngay tnroc khi vS nen s~p xep ngan n~p gon gang lai?

It 'I.- '--r--tho *~f~ b f,t I) ~-to

-Hay qua.Nhir th~ se an toan nhi.mm:

:;f3~i!~ t,t It, 0) ~ ~ 3 A --r-"7' /'"/3 /':a:- -~I~ftr I) 00 --C It' ? 0) It. t::' ? t!. 0 ? 0

- Vi khong co nhieu tiSn nen ca 3 nguoi cung thue chung din hQ thl th~ nao ha?

Illl· 0-1: v'.,.Lt. T tJ>

? -lv~ {lliO)A~-MH~{±tJ>o)'t.ib~ I) -t2' C~f,tlt't,to

-d ... nhung rna tao khong thfch & chung.

1t0i!:.< O):_~t?-t? f,tO)'~, ;Jof,tiJ:.i!)It'·'=d'i\'--r- b? t.:.~Gn~1tlvo -M6n an nftu ngon qua nhung vi da no rbi nen khong th~ an them diroc nfra!

VI: t=rJJ T':: b n>;t

-t n --r-(.i, :;f3.li-ito) A '~~Jv ~ P lA~ 0 -c 'l~ 0 ~ It' ? 0) f;t ~ .. ? ~-tiJ:.o

- V*y thi bao nha hang ho g6i cho mot it mang vS thi th€ nao?

39

u~?~

fr35a:0) ~ E:, ~,,? L *- -t7J\o

~Khi hi Am thi nhai lam vi?

Y nghla

"-' ~ Khi

La call dung d~ di~n ta dai khai v~ thai gian. C6 nghTa la khi

c~u true cau

Vi du

't'1vL.~ fJ) ~ " .;; Ii'

~]j[,::*.Q ~ ~,~) Wlr~.a:~bf.l< -Cl'iv\'t~-tt!vc

~Khi di xe di~n thl phai mua ve.

i! .:: 'j 1: "C c:,

ffi tp ::: 1T ~ t;: ~ ~) t: < ~ A..do ~.a: ~ ~ L t;: ,

~ Khi toi Kyoto dfl tham quan r~t nhieu Chua. j:31it7.J~f.lv \ ~ E: ,~, v v:> btz~'':7Jd) ~ To

~ Khi khong e6 ti~n thi luc nao cling yay ella ban.

1:: Iv ~ 1 ;. tolv;';' < 1!

7( ~ 7.J' .e: < f.l v ' ~ ~ , * -c * ~ ~ Iv t=' 'J ~ ~ .a: Jj!~ v <t: 'J L ~ Too ~ Khi thai ti~t xau, t6i a nha hie thl nghe nhac IDc thl doc sach.

v-* !: L J: ". /~ .t

HISU.l ~ ~ ,~i!MH':1T~ -c ,*.a:~.7j. ~ ToO

~ Khi ranh roi, toi di thir vien doc sach,

I.'-?L;.. ~c ,.,~

~~(l) ~ E:, ~f.H] iZ:~ ~ -Mn=7~ -CiQflv-Clt'~ L iz;

~Khi con be, hang ngay t6i chay chci a ngoai cung voi b,;U1.

< i: "'? Iv t)

~"lvf,t.~ 2:, 00 I:: ~~5 L ~ T7J'o

~_Khi nao thl anh goi dien thoai v~ mroc?

40

.; I: L ~'~J"!"'I''''LJ:? ai :

-T~(7)::' iSO)}j~U,'C'-:i=~fJ ~U':~0-Ct_,'0::' C: (j:fPJ-C:Ttpc

-B(ln con nha nhat vi aiiu gi khi con be?

Y nghia

::.6 - Khi

Cling lit cau di~n ta d~i khai v~ thiri gian, r~t giBng voi y nghia ciia C: ~ nhung no mo' h3 v~ thl)'i gian hon, khoang thfri gian dU'Q'c nOi rQng ra ho'n so vo; C: ~ • Hay sfr dung khi n6i nhfrng chuyen nho' ra trong qua khu',

Hinh thirc n6i ti~p gi6ng nlur C: ~

Vi du

z: 7;t '" t.:. '" I: tp '"

~~(7)::'iS. ~<0~-c:~~c:m~OOt~Lkto)~

- Khi con lit hoc sinh, t6i thuong ng6i n6i chuyen voi ban toi viti tieng d6ng h6.

T L -If '"

fl. t: -t? iO~f±1v -C:v ,t:. ::. iSlj: § ~iO) t_, \ 01i'v \""(' L tz.;

- Thai chung t6i s<3ng thien nhien th?t lit phong phu!

b,\' Li:

~t,,'::' 6 Ij:t.:(7) LiO'0 t:.f,t. trJo trJ(7)':' 6 I':JJ;!: I) r: t" '""('To

-Thai trai tn~ that lit vui. T6i muon quay tro lai thai d6 qua,

LlfUY

.:. is kh6ng th~ dung thay eho C: ~ khi di~n ta ve khoang thai gian ngan

41

b. B :;$: "'D- -o t:. C: 2: /" Y =r .> :a- ~ ~ ,,~ Ltz;

-Toi mua may tinh moi sau khi toi oa toi Nhat.

a. B :;$:"'D- < C: ~ /"~ Y =r /:a- Jl ~ ,,'* L tc,

-Toi mua may tinh moi truce khi tai toi Nh4it.

Y nghla

Trong vi du (a) va (b) o~u chi ra hanh dong da mua may tinh, nhung tho-i di~m hanh o9ng say ra Ia khac nhau.

s *"'D- < C 2: : Truce khi toi Nhat. S *"'D-"':) t:_ C: 2: : Sau khi dil toi Nhat.

Cftu true cau

v-t:.%+ C: 2:

Vidl,!

*5a~!I( C5~~ ~t~~

¥IH~ mJ"'V\< c 2:, ii-z:{~~, ttii'=.:b~\~ Lt:.o

+-Tren dirong tai btru di~n, toi tlnh ca g~p ban,

tJ'~

* :a- tH -5 C: 2:, i? ~ Iv C: • :a- t.p it --c < t: ~ ~ \ 0

+-Tnroc khi roi kh6i nha, phai khoa cira dn than.

(?-=-5 ];.); ..

S *"'1T < C: 2:, tt~;O~~~~ -z: ~* ~ ,= ~ --c < n ~ L tz; -Khi di Nhat, ban ti~n chan ra t?n san bay. (chua toi Nhat)

* "'@"':) t: C: ~ , r t:. t;::'~ \ ~ 0 J C: ~ \ ~ \ ~ To

-Sau khi v~ d~n nha thi n6i. r t: t.:'~ \ ~ J (da v~ d~n nha)

t::"~ ?

~ ~ 2: t: C: 2', f*~:a- L ~ To

- Bu6i sang sau khi ngu day, truce tien toi t?P th~ due.

42

/;'" ~M~:f;t~-(l'\Q C ~;SO ~M~:f;t~t::. C -=;So
~!OC~:f;t~Q c~ 60
T6i s~p an com. T6i dang an com. T6i vua an com xong. Y nghia

y-m.m. / y--cm. -Cv\{;;/ y-tc..m t: + C: -=;S

C: .:. 0 blnh thuong co y nghla chi noi, ch6, tuy nhien no con dircc dung d~ chi m{'>t vi trl thiYi gian.

Khi nguoi noi muon truyen dat d~n ngiroi nghe m{'>t ti~n dQ hanh dQng nao do dang di~n ra haybay t6 thai do, cho phan irng cua d6i tuong thi dung ~ .:. is.

C~u true cau

v-m3% V--cm -cv\{;;

v-tc..m

}-

- T.oC:-=-6

- ~-Cv\{;;c-=-iS

- t. tc.. C: -=- ;S

vr du

Hanh dQng sip sira say ra

t ? ,::'mi ~ttr-:: ~ L t.:. t», -(An h) da an cam chua?

~ ,It \;to -=- ;hip G ttr-::.o C: .:. is -c'T 0 +-Chtra. Nhirng bay gio toi s~p sua an.

t~-Wf;=ttr-::~ LJ:: ')0 -Th~ thl cung an nhe.

10."

1:>J:? c"4-, j:3~~1!Xt?~ -=-is-c'To -~I="\i.pil~-c'Tt.Po

-IXmg luc toi dang chuan b] L16ng che. Anh co muon ding uong khong?

~~ =- "'-iT ~ ;t TiJ~c -Anh di dau d~y.

1')~':'7

~iJ~ G, Ji1E1T(-:1T < ~ =- 6 C'T 0

-Toi di du ljch bay gio.

(thuong k~t hop vrri pho tir v \;t)

Hanh uQng (lang di~n ra

- C I

-f-#tiJ~~5~L--CV\.:o ~ =-6f,t,(J)C', ~ip~= L--C< t":'~v\o

- Vi tre con dang hoc nen hay gift tf~t tlJ

~t)\ G1tA:~-:1T < Ivt":'lt e. -~(-: c:" 7 ?

-(T6i) di an cam bay gio, Anh co di cung khong?

\'1:,·t:-:> ..s-:Iv::

~T < ? 4- }:1{>j-It -c v \.:0 ~ =- 6 t-:_'iJ~ G, 3 0 5:H&!j: ~"? ?

Ngay bay gio? Vi bay gio dang don dep do. Sau 30 phut nfra duoc khong?

3. V - t::J~ t::. + 2 =- ~

(thuong k~t hop voi pho nr t= -o t: V \;t)

Hanh dQng vim da say ra.

Hay duoc dung d~ giai thfch cho nguoi nghe SlJ tlnh, hay truyen dat k~t qua sau mc)t hanh dc)ng nao do, thuong hi nhirng kit qua xay ra hoim loim ngoai du Golm.

::: ~ Iv , 1~ -:> t:::.. ?

- Xin 16i, da cho a?

? 51v, fL <L~*t:::.. ~ =- 6f,t,IvC-To - Khong, toi ciing vira moi d~n.

ilk_\; J,?i" J;c~

~fF 1 0 ~1i VJ (-:/'\ J -1 '=1T -:> t: ~ =- 6, aJT(J)#R-"fiJ)T -o iJ\ VJ ~;b-:> -Cv \ -C, .jt v \

-c L-;t -o tz.;

- Nam ngoai, sau 10 nam tro lai Ha Noi , toi dfi r~t d6i ngac nhien tnroc SlJ d6i thay

khac h~n etta thanh pho.

~h-=:' ~:a:- L-t:::.. ~ =- 6, r C~~;;t -c.t3~;tT J ~ ~ b.:h;t L-t:::..o -Khi toi nho chuyen gi thi b] noi hi "D~ suy nghT da"

43

:!(I.-~? ;t<'i!'J:?t.tJ·I.- t.cl.-t. ttl.-t:

~R1TO) '8 ~ a~r~~r;t{PJMFtp G{iiJII~* -e-<:TiPo

--+Ngcin hang lam viec fir may gio adn mdy gio?

Y nghia

-lP G ... ~ -C' --+ ~tir ... d~n

Dung trong diu chi khoang each v~ thai gian va dia di~m.

VI du

i!'1v:.? :.'-t!;'1v l: _ _ l:

~P<1TI:tq:-mJ1oaift.p tY~1&30if* -<:~0 -c ~ To

- Ngan hang him viec nr 10 gia sang d€n 3 gia chieu,

t: ?~J: ?;t~ ts 'J 1: "t'IvL* t: fI'/"

JICj~: ~ n l G g'UB ~ -C~* -Co 1 a~r~~ < G It \ tJ 'n) "J *- To

-Tu- nha ga Tokyo d~n san bay Narita m,1t khoang 1 ti~ng d6ng h6 bang xe dien.

44

::.';t·( *~'<b~1:1J(':13 -"lve-J:? 0

7" A J-- ~=,g.m-t ~"i C', ~~Ef!-~ ~ L -c frh sSi C"i-to

+-Cho tMn tdn khi thi 06. toi hang sang day sam h9C bai.

Y nghTa

V(Zi¥:a:%) + "i C'

ChI mot hanh dong say ra co tinh lien t\IC cho d~n t{in khi. ..

Vi du

~ .., ~ , Iv < ;, t !d:' I? 11t.t •

ugt~J;5-c'Fs < tJ: ~ "i -c\ :&Ji c gE L -c It '"i t. tz.,

----'> Ham qua tai d5 ng6i noi chuyen voi ban 6 quan giai khat cho tan d~n khi troi t6i.

-: ))' 1r

~~~*~~fi*C', ~0~c~L~*~~C'L~c

----'> T6i d5 khong biet vS diSu do cho tan d~n khi doc la thtr nay.

i! < ~, lJ:':';' L:~IvV'

ff'F1j[, I a~,=tJ: ~ i. c', ~~ ~~1im L -C1.- \ * L iz.;

----,>f)em qua dlI chuan b] tai lieu cho tan d~n I gia sang.

45

bf)' ttL ,;tf~

.tiv' -) tj I=- v \ 6 V' 6 f~~~:a:- L. t;:..jjtf-· v \ V \ -c'To

+-Khi con tre nen tlch liiv nhiJu kinh nghiem.

Y nghia

"'- -) t? ,=- "" Trang khoang oj t? la danh tu- chi "trong khoang" ella thoi gian.

- Thuong dung d~ di~11 ta r~ng trong Iuc tinh trang thuan loi dang ti~p di~n thi - nen lam nhirng chuyen dn lam,

- hoac truce khi co chuyen gi kh6ng hay say ra thi phai giai quyet tnroc cho xong di (thuong dung th~ phil dinh V f,t. v \ -) t? ~-= _.....,)

- hoac di~n ta khi dang lam viec gi do thi sir viec biSn d6i mQt each W nhientthuong dung hinh thirc V L. -c v \ Q -) tj ,.:: "-)

c~u true cau

v

#~O)I

Vi du

IJ.;:~?

S -*,-=~ '6 '5 1:> 1-=, ~ \ 0 ~'0f~ C: .; is:-=Jmff LJ-= ~ '""('To

-Trong khi dang (y Nhat, toi muon di du lich nhieu noi

s,-'

~H''5~'-=, 'k~*L-J:'5o

- Trong luc con nong, hay an di thai.

1» 1: -:l

~(J) '5 i?I-:', = (J){±$a- J:!Jfi~t-c L *.10 '5 C: ,~,~ \*To

-T6i nghT Ja se lam xong cong viec nay trong vong buoi sang.

~~ ~ ~.

miJ)1a ~ f~~' '5 i? I=', __If!. < 1* ~ * L J: '50

- Trong khi troi chua d6 mira, hay v~ nha nhanh nao.

b-r

~nf~v' '5 i? 1-= , :I- 1:- a- L -c j:3 ~ * +,

- Trong 11k chua quen, hay ghi nho lai

t.>ts t.1

-* a-W'G1v C'v' 6 '5 1:> '=~tI: < f~ 0 -c:ri-c L * V \ * L »:

- Trong luc dang doc sach thl buon ngu va ngu thiep di mat.

1)'Iv»:

~ '0~ '0 ~ ;t -Cv'6 '5 1:>'-:.biJ~l?f~ < f~0-C~ * Lt:.o

-Trong khi cung suy nghT nhieu thir thi dAn chang hieu gl ca nfra,

LUU Y '"'- -) ~ Ii "-

Thuong dung tM nhdn manh str so sanh vJ tinh tr(lng khi tl6 va tinh trang salt d6.

;g:~, '5 i?Ii1PJ""('bT('jt;t I?n6 ,t r. 1fa- C: 6 C: f~ipf~iJ~jt;t ~tLf~< f~6o

- Luc con tn~ cai gi cling co th~ nho duoc ngay, con khi IOn tu6i r6i se dfin dAn kho nho han.

45-2

Y l:t -{- (J) .'j 1:> ~~ ":> -c ~ *- To ~M~ s~p sua v~ toi nha.

Y nghTa

f: 0) .'j t? .. -- Ch~llg bao lau nira, sip

co nghia la trong khoang thai gian kh6ng bao liiu k~ nr thai di~m b§.y gio.

cAu true cau

Vi du

.:10 ~ ~ Iv l:t ~~ --:> -c ~ *- L t: ir;

=-Anh trai ella em d5 v~ nha chua?

I,\"\;Z, -r:tf:O) '5 i?~m--:>-c<.:5 ~m"\,*To --Chua, nhung eo Ie s~p v~ toi nha r6i.

f: 0) '5 t? ~ il~ ,:, O)~.a:-im.:5 ~ ~ --:> -c j: -o -C" vi: Iv -r:TiJ~, * '* -tt Iv -r: L ti;

-T6i nghi eo the b5 s~p di qua con duong nay nen d5 cho mai (y day nhtrng kh6ng th§.y d€n gi ea.

~<t!'I:t~ I) '* LJ:.tJ·o

-Anh da lam bai t?P (y nha chua? '*t='~--:>-C'i-ttlvo -{-O) '5 i?~1) 'iT J:o --Chua, nhung t6i s~p sua lam.

5f;:utr ~ 1v1'J:f: 0) '5 t;_)*.:5 ~~" \j: To

-Tai nghi chang bao lau nira anh Kimura se d~n.

f: 0) '5 t? ffi t ~trt=';S '5 7J" t::>, -t:- '5 L t:. G ili 7J>lt J: '50

-Co Ie chang bao lfiu nira 1ft mua se tanh thai, khi do cung di ra ngoai nhe.

46

t.J:.'1>? 1ttJ·,·t.>4>? '1>?!i),'

;:_ 0):9:fllj:ttt~9=J -e*;:t -eTc

-+-NgmJi niT diSn vien nay n6i tiSng toan th~ gioi

Y nghTa

9=J Trong khi, trong hie, su6t

Th~ hi~n mQt pham vi v~ thOi gian, khfing gian d~ ti~n hanh lam mQt vi~c gi do.

Cfru true cau

N + cP

Vi du

CJ:'1>-j 1ttl'~'C";'? '1>;!i)~ •

.::::. 0) ~ tllj: ttt J'f. 9=J l" if 1; l" To

-+-Nguai nu di~n vien nay n6i tieng toan th~ gioi

.:"-l'!J>:;t>9? l'::l: f).A,,-li",

4- JmI 9=J I.:'::::' 0)f±*~%nX: ~ 1t~-to

-+-Ngay trong tu&n nay se hoan thanh e6ng viec

~ltc '::1fA"lo,..;.; V'J:.?"J. I'

F¥.! a. LfM9=J l'i m ~ ~':1T 2: ~ -to

+-Ngay rnai, su6t buoi sang se di benh vien

~'-?.:? C'!J>j ;;b~ tl',<,

¥:- ~ 9=J I.: ~ iJ~~~ -o tz;

-+-Tin d6n Ian rong trong tnrong hoc.

I't,:~t>t:.>j>? L::: I:

- B 9J1±*~TQo

-+-Lam viec eel ngay.

47

tt:J::a: L- --c v "I -51t,q:;' I.:, JMB~ 'J L- --c I::J:V \ It ~ ii-Ivo =-Khi dang him viec thl khong duoc ngu g?t.

Y nghia

v "C v \ -5 + i"gi f.: (N + (J) + _"if~:)

Dung d~ trlnh bay s\f vi~c nao d6 xay ra khi mQt S\f vi~c khac dang ti~n hanh.

c~u true cau I

V 't: 1.- "I -3 + ~g:t~;: -tt:J::{r L- --c It "I -3 '_'''gJ' l.:

~ ":.1-'; ~~§4. (J) ~~

N + (J) + Jr,[~' ~,: ~ ....... pm 'IX. +'

Vfdl,!

H::J::{rL---cV\-3I'>ip,:, JMtI~'J L--c';H"I~1"iii-lvo -Khi dang lam viec thi khong duoc ngu g~t.

4-, ~; j{_ --c v \ 0 jl"¥ fch (J) -C" * t~':to ~;t -c: ~ ~ ii- Ivo -Bay gic t6i dang suy nghi nen chua tni lai duoc,

~~(J)jfqhj: .Jip,;: Lfch'ttLlifch 'J ~ii-lva -Trong bu6i h9i ngh] thi phai gifr yen lang,

*(J)Ji~(J)I"$fch(J)C', it~i.I~ipl1 GtL'iitlvo

-Vi dang lai xe nen t6i kh6ng goi di~n thoai diroc

fu"cfi 61v ii» G it~!i1~ ~ ~ L t: J: 0

-Anh co di~n thoai cua anh Tanaka d~y.

i-It \ ~ ii-lv~ 4-, :ijI(J)fi~(J)'t,ip fch (J)C'i:~':l±l GtL ~ -(t Iva - Xin 16i, vi dang lai xe nen kh6ng th6 noi chuyen duoc

~C'~M L- *- -r-, ~~ 0 -Z- < t1 *- T7.Po

---7Hay noi hQ r&ng toi se lien lac lai sau nhe.

~-.t v-. tn)~ IJ *- L- tc;

---7Vang. Toi hi~u rbi.

4- i» G ~U!fi:a:- JU::~T ~ *- it Iv i»; 4 ~tp C::,j3 b L- 0 v ,t9it@i.l~ ib IJ "* -r- 0

-Anh co cling di xem phim bay gio khong? Ttl 4gia co chieu phim hay l~m. k~ ~,,,,..'t?

4 fI~'-j: *- t~lI-~O)JOC '-t' t~ip G It) ,t *- it Ivo

-Vi 4gia thl toi v~n dang phai lam viec nen khong di duoc,

""t'f-.t 6 B~i.l~ G O)~uruf-.t C:_"? ""t'-r-i.l"o

---7Th~ thl, bu6i chieu luc 6 gia anh co di xem diroc kh6ng? l-.t v-. v' ~t"* To

-Vang. T6i co th~ di diroc,

48

~"'J -2:, M.fr § ~_~\~Jt=O)-<:T7J\ ~UIC nay, anh d1'1 djnh noi gi th~?

Y nghia

v C~ T) + 7J=>~J 0 = B~t dftu ••.• dang lam dO'

Dung d~ trlnh bay mot trang thai b~t d§u cua mQt hanh d<)ng, hay Sl,T viec nao do, dang nira chirng chua hoan tAt.

c~u truc cau I V C~T) + tp~,t g

~§pjJ5ffi L 1t~

v'v'

Vfdl,l

t~Uj: s Jjs::8B-0)§pjJ5ffi.fr L tp~t t= 7J~, t-c L'i "":) tz;

~Anh ~y da b~t d~u h9C tieng Nh~t nhung ngu quen m~t.

f· i: .1.!

~ "":) ~, {iiJ:a:-av \7J,'tt;:O)-<:T7J=>

~Ll.'ic nay, anh da djnh noi gi the?

::. O):&:~7J)'to):to# ~ ii.IDfO)-<:T7J'o

~Com h<)p dang an rnra chirng nay lu cua ai?

*-t:., ~'J 7J\ttO)tt~t.J~t=< ~Jv~j"":)-Cv'*To ~ T oi v~n con nhieu viec lam chua xong.

49

~(l&~1t-'"'~.b0 t::.. G, -9 ('''~P1rt=-*--C < t~ 2:: v \0 ---+Sau khi an cam xong hay den van phong ngay nhe.

Y nghia

;h i;J: t IJ' 't$;

V (~ -9) ~;b 0 I f;.f!i 156 0 I ~;t Q I @:i-

La 51! k~t hop giiia hai dong tir teo nen y nghla rnoi Lam gl do xong/ B~t d~u lam gl dol Thay d6i lam viec gi dol Lam lai

cAu true cau I
$;
V C*T) ~;bQ ---+1t-'"'~.bo
I;J:\: I;). L
V (~T) f;.fJ156 0 ---+ fA. J-;. frfJ (/) -5
tJ'
V (~T) w;to ---+Wv 'g;t 0
t,:;h
V (*T) @:T ---+=I}~OO:T Vi du

---+Sau khi an com tnra xong, hay d~n van phong ngay nhe.

t,:/)' Ld: ? 1t~ J: E

~V\/J'\IDt.~ 1 j]~n~lt--C ct 5~< MCJ-;.~;tt::..o

---+Phai mAt mQt thang, cu6i cling tai cling doc xong cuon ti~u thuyet dai nay.

~t s 7J~ G1sM~ L9f!i156--C, ~~;b "J * L tz;

---+B~t d~u lam bai t?P a nha tir hom qua thi bay gio moi xong.

~\'~Iv< 6* 1.. t»

iEl tj: ~ ili: !If ~ ~ V \7g;t t::.. ..:c 5 -c'T 0

---+Nghe noi anh ta g~n day moi dbi xe rnoi do.

;J;. to 1)1 tJ' ~t.B

::. ::. 7J:; rl'l9 @ 0 -r v ' Q 0) 't: , =I} ~ 00: L -r < t~ t!: v \ 0

---+0 day co ch6 sai nen hay vi~t lai mQt l~n nira di. 4-, 0* -c'T7J'>o

---+Bay gio ban co ranh khong? ~, :::'~ ~1t-'"' -r v \ ~ -90

---+Bay gio' toi dang an com.

-f:- 5 -C:T7:P, :::'~~1t-'"'~;b0 t::.. G, fl.'=- S *~!~~;t -c < t~ 2:: v \0

---+ The a, sau khi an xong thl ban day tieng Nh?t cho tai nhe.

50

~",t! I;li.: ~t. , •• ","

~~iJ~fr€r* -? t::..!:: ,~, 5 t!::, f~~'::. it It) '* L tz;

~ Vira moo b~t dAu buoi h9P thi b] mat dien

Y nghia

iJ:..!:: ,~, 5.!:: Khi, m6i ... thi, khi .... ngay l~p tuc

Th~ hi~n hai hanh d(>ng, hai SI! vi~c lien ti€p v&i nhau. Hanh d(>ng nay vira rnrri xfty ra thl hanh d(>Rg sau da d~n.

cfiu true diu I V tz+ti-]: ,Ej!=!, 5 .!::

Vi du

\';t n·;t H t. I.: ra s: .: "'Iv~ ~ :;

zr; /' -/.::::. 7 t: t:> 1j:~(1::.1ffl-? t: ~ r: lP t!:: ,~, 5 .!::, S *~-a:- *!J 5~ L,* -t- 0

~Anh em Ky sir vira moi v~ d~n nha dfi h9C tieng Nhat

I,,.· t! i;l~ Ht. -"'"(,Iv

~~iJ~frft'* -o t:: .!:: I~' 5 .!::, w~'::ft It) '* L tz;

~ Vira moo bfit d~u bu6i h9P till b] m~t di~n

:r.i< \,\ i-S'b t.l

~ ~ !v1j::B~-t- l;-it ~ It'.!:: ~ 0 t::.iJ~'!:: ,~, 5 .!::. t 5 ~-c L"* 0 tz;

~Ba VfJ vira moo n6i chuc ngu ngon thi dfi ngu m~t roi.

~ ~ ? -t G < C;, t.; t. ~/f) .£,

1&, (;: ~ iJ' Ili:'f < it 0 t: iJ ~.!:: ,~, 5 .!::, I:Hf Lt·' ffi iJ~ ~~ -o --C 2- tc.;

~B6ng nhien trai da: l6i sam lai rbi d6 rmra h6i ha.

51

~,;t t,.;t ';'(1)CJ: T:A-b

*(;:.1~-? t:. ~ t: !v I;:. , ~:t(7J~ ~ O)'~~i5i3~ ib -o tz;

- Khi vira moi v~ nha thi co dien thoai cua ban gai goi d~n

Y nghia

t:. ~ t:.!v Khi, m6i. vira moi

Th~ hi~n hai hanh dQng lien ti~p xay ra. Hanh dQng nay nBi ti~p hanh dQng khac mang tinh bftt ngir va nhi~u khi khong d" doan trurrc duQ'c.

C§u true cau

V t:. ~ t:.1v

VI du

,;.\ 'teA- h

'J~ i- J:i3~ -o t: ~ t:.!v (;:., 6b ~ It \i3~ L ~ L tz;

- Khi vira moi len cdu thang thi b] chong mat

_,;t t·;{_ t»(1)CJ: -C°A-v

*(.: ~ffi-? t: ~ t: !v~.:, ~:tz:n~ ~ O)~~n~ ib -? tc;

-Khi vira moi v~ nha thi co dien thoai cua ban gai goi d~n

_,;t " hit) ...

*~tJjt:. ~ t:.!vi':, ffin"~~-? -c ~ tz;

-Khi vira ra khoi nha, thi troi d6 mira

h t..::. I: .:

F7 i-fJfHtt= ~ t=!v, ~EEn~~Vi6!V~~ tc;

-Khi vira rna cira ra, thi g~p phai eon rneo chay lao ra khoi nha.

L It A- l...;. ? ry J: ? t~ ~ .I: ? L'J .!! b

~~ ~ T O).r(Jvn~~~-? t:. ~ t=!v(;:. ~ ~ n"~ln~ L < if. -o tz;

-l-Ngay khi chuang bao hieu gia thi k~t thuc thi lap h9C b6ng tro nen 6n a.

52

t;~1v ~!'L.~

.A *,- y ''i § 5t~~-? l ,:t C th l ,;C (/) lID E ~ i1~ bn~ ~ ~ To

=+Sau khi him than ali choi the thao, toi moi thdu hieu str Ih,i vi ella no.

Y nghla

V -c ''i Cth-c ~ Sau khi

DlfQ'C sfr dung trong trirong hop mudn noi v~ s,! thay <18i nh~n thirc sau khi m{}t s,! vi~c co lien quan <1a say ra.

c~u true cau

~-? -c ,:t t.: th -c , ~~ '-c~:t c: src .

Vi du

t:. ~ ;.~ trf1J'

§ 5J'"-c-t(/)f±*~~-? -C.7;r- -c l'i t.:th-c, ~ i.v- C: It, 5 .:. C: ;1)bn~ ~ '* L r:

~ .s_au khj nr minh lam thir cong viec do, moi hieu ra rang d<1y 1ft cong viec kho.

::. If t ? , ~~ I'

-f-tft:~!lli:!v --Ci'i c: 6b--C ,~(/) § -o -Cit =t: .:. ~ ;1~ J: < on' ~ J: 5 (= f,t ~ * L tr;

~ Sau khi co con, rnoi th<1u hi~u Jeri ran day cua eha my.

~ V~ ~?L.?

~ -? -Cl'i t.: 6b --C, ;Y; (/) A 0){Jf :j§ ~;1) C: -c t J: < b i.p ~ * L tz;

~ Sau khi gap, moi bi~t duoc r~ng anh §y 1ft nguoi d.t xuat s~e.

:~>I>'>I'1v :11v::.'j

A P.iC L --Ci'i t.:6b-C, ~J.ttO)lb Ij t/·t:::... ~ ;1)on~ Ij '* Lt::o

~ .s.au khi nh~p vien rnoi biet qui trong sue kh6e.

53

;t~ -o L t~~, hlv"'<

11!lR~::g2:('jz~, ll*L--C< t~~It\o

- Khi nao d~n ga thi hay lien lac nhe

Y nghia

L t~~,

~m Saukhi

Th~ hien hai hanh dQng Iien ti~p nhau. Day la each n6i l~ phep, thuong dung trong bao cao cong vi~c, giao djch rhuong mal it khi dung trong giao ti~p thong thtri:mg.

c~u true cau

Vi du

.:t~ '" L t::~, hk",<

!1!lR'=~2: fJz%, ll,* L --C < t: ~ It \0

- Khi nao d~n ga thi hay lien lac nhe

L :: t.t:;: L 1:1,." "/J.'!:> ~ ? I; oj .:. <

1±$iJ~~;b fJ ?k~, ~~~:¥IH!f L --C < t:_'~ It \0

~ Khi nao cong viec xong, thi hay bao cao cho trirong phong

1'1 Iv ~ ~ t, L t::~, ~'",LJ: t:

::'~iJ~I±lJlLl:iJ~ fJ ~m, -*'H=1t~~ L J:: :) 0

~Khi nao n~u cam xong thi chung ta se cling an

:to!:: {,r7)" L t:~, L

n Lljo/./iJ' ye,---::>iJ' fJ ~~, :jO~ Gtt L ~-90

~Khi tim thay v~t b] danh roi thi thong bao cho bi~t nhe.

L~.J:? -c I;J:~' Lt::~' .::'V'.l:'

~f+1.J~~ ~:A fJ (}zm, T <" I: 0 ~ -t Q ---::> b fJ -e'-t 0

-Sau khi co duoc tai lieu, thl ngay l~p tire se cong b6.

S4

t,·fvtJ! ,"- ~fv I.:

J: < ~ ;.tt;:1:-e, .to~.a- t.r < t~~ "'0 - Sau khi ail suy nghi kyo xin hiiy Ira loi.

Y nghia

.,~ ... ?:.t

"" V t: 1: --C 11:0) , --..... - Sa u kh i

Dung khi n6i a~n hai sir viec c6 m6i lien h~ sau tnroc, Sau khi mot viec aa diroc hoan thanh thi dua vao k~t qua cua viec aa lam d6 a~ lam cong viec k~ ti€p khac,

c~u true cau

v t;: 1: -c: /1:: (7) -

Vi du

!. fJ~I-...t;: ?;{.. -It.. L.:

.E! < ~ ;t t;:1: -c, jOjg$a- L -c < t: ~,,'o

-Sau khi aa suy nghT dn than , thi hay tra Uri nhe.

L ~ < ;.:'" 'i;t ,I.: o9!' J; 'i "('

ill Jm a-~ -:> t;:1: -c , B1: ~ '~I±l-C < f~ ~ " \

-Sau khi aa lam xong bai t?P, thl hay tai nghe giang bai.

IH'~( trt L~~JJ;? 't'it:fv -;I;(.:::_' 1.:.., <): t.:

~*~ ~ff.~ ~tJ) c:_" ? tJ~ i± * ';:-'*[1 ~ L. f:. 1: -c- ,~ EI .;k>jg$" \ t: L. ~ T

-Blm hop a6ng co diroc kf k~t hay khong thi sau khi ban bac voi giarn abc, se tra leri sau do.

-N~u err a Nhat rna 10 15ng h~t cai nay a~n cai khac, thl tha sau khi d~n Vi~t Nam hay suy nghi con hon.

- Sau khi dff tra I~ phl thl hay nop don .

55

~~b h~ ~

mili5 L, -etr- G -c:t~v \ ~ ~ 1Bl';:~ *- '* it Ivo

- Ndu khong goi ai¢n truac thi khong thd gi)p duoc anh ify.

Y nghia

Dung khi nui d~n hai sl}' vi~c co m5i lien quan dn thi~t d~n nhau. N~u vi~c thir nh§t khfmg dU'Q'c hoan thanh thi vi~c thir hai kho co th~ dU'Q'c thu'c hi~n.

C~u true cau

ihG

-tJt -o -e 7J > ~ --c- tt ~ \ C:

Vi du

IJ L- t: t.A,I.:A.. I.'

~ 13 I;: It ':) -e7J> G --c- It ~ \ C:, {liT A 11' < {J)7J>V7Jd] ~ -t.t Ivo

-N€u chua toi ngay mai, thi khong th~ bi€t duoc bao nhieu ngtroi se di.

~ v' .: Il~ '-~ tJ·( :~"'J , ~Iv l:

:(£.lll!.iJ"> m ~ Il> c' -? 7J>*f±';:1it~ L, -ell> G --c- It ~, C: ,:}3~*-C 2: "* -t.t Ivo

-Hang trong kho con hay khong, n€u khong kiem trajr Chinh Hang thi khong th~ tra lai diroc.

h~ ~G ~

.is ~ ~:fb ':) --C It \ t:. t:"1t \ -e 7J, > G_T It It, C: ;jO ts 66-t 0 .:. C: Ii -c ~ '* -t.t Ivo

-N~u chua nhan duoc tien thl khong th~ thu xep duoc phong nghi cho qui khach

u- c;; ';:1::1: < t:

J:: < *-~:@ ~ --C (j_' G --c- It ~\ C:, ~~ li-jt-" Gh '* it Ivo

- Th]t 1<;10 n~u khong diroc n~u chin, thi khong th~ an diroc.

I.:c:'L"':>tJ-".:.:' }l.J: . jJ..,-r:"'~;.._~.t. ~ kf'"

§ Ibll!.~~';:lifi ':) -e Il> .~_--C-It ~ 'C: ,~!PiW.~~I&0 (l)Ii ~ L ~ '0

- N~u khong vao tnrong h9C lai xe, thl kho rna co th~ thi dircc B~ng lai.

56

L It Iv tlvt.:~' u-rtJ> ~ J:? tJi; < ~ ?

~~f'j:ro~~ b ~ L 't;hJ;f m b :$iJ~"'? t~(J)C', *%' L. ~ L. tc;

-Bili thi vita kho lai vita nhidu nen giai hili vdt va aud!

Y nghia

~ b Ii '"'- t ....._

Vita <Lai vua

C§u true diu

v

VI du

;;.,r. ~17 (!) T tFJ:?~

1lt'J::toi~bjX6fJ'it~I"i.::. tf!& -] (J)C', :wJ~'=-iJlt.PfJ~-tv\C'To

-Anh §y vira uong nrou Iai vira hut thuoc nen de b] 5m.

t,'n ?~: t:J:?T 13~ 1=Iv~t(!)

1lt,j:~ t J:.-¥fct t:>~ffi fJ t -] ~"\, A~~-c'To

-Anh §y vira hat hay I?i vira nhay gioi nen dt duoc ngirong m<).

~ ff); L. It Iv tlvt.:~' ~i"n' I)J:; 13 H t·..., t:

fJtB(J)~~'J:rp~~t ~m Llj-;h,Ii m t$tj\"'?t~(J)C',

< ~ ;

*'ti L. ~ L. tz;

-Bili thi hom qua vira kho I?i vira nhi~u nen th~t vat va.

-San pham cua nha san xuat kia vira gia re lai vira bao dirong dn th~n nen diroc ira chuong.

57

t, t» -c -? I±~ '"'Iv ~

±tBT~~:1:lf!.< -CflfU-C:To

- Tim dien ngdm VIta nhanh vica tien

Y nghia

"-' -c ( "C') '"

Visa =-Lai VIta

La m~u diu dung d~ di~n ta mQt viec khac co khuynh huang giong su viec tnroc.Nhieu truong hop cung d~ xuat d~ coi do 1ft I f do am chi dieu gl do.

Vi du

~ IHf ~

WF 13 1:1: ffi t ~~0 -c, @l t ~v \t~o

-Hom qua viea gio lai vira mira.

t,~-c-? ~~~

±tBT~Ij: 1:1:~ < -c ~fU-C:To

----+ Tim di¢n ngdm viea nhanh 19i visa tien.

l-~i!"-?

:t&:t:1: ~1J.l--c' ~~ Lv\C'To

+-Anh dy vira hien 19i vira chan thanh.

58

t'1.:l? to ~t

±13 i'i, iJi.:o ~ v, -) ct V), :9f--eA~-~{r~"'?t;:.'i -) iJ~lt\lt\-eTo

-- V ao ngay thir 7 va Chu Nhat, thay vi ngu thi ne n ra ngoai choi th~ thao.

Y nghia

~ V \ -) ct V) Ron Ia, khong chi 0' mire ... rna con

Sir dung d~ so sanh cac giai phap, phurrng an v6i nhau trong m(>t Sl! vi~c. M~c du giai phap dflu tien cling dU'Q'c nhtrng nhfrng giai phap sau hli co phftn thoa dang hon, co tinh thuyet phuc cao hon.

C~u true diu

VI d1,l

it:,

-= O)lBTlil;: ~'~iJ) C: v' -) J: V), '5.:0 ~ It 'C' L J:. '50

--Thanh ph6 nay khong chi & rmrc nao nhiet rna con An ao,

t' ;: t, n ~t

± 13 ''i, :ji Q C: ~, '5 J: V), Y1- -e A;:f-- ')' :a:~"'? t: Ii -) ;1\" \v '-eTo

--Vao ngay thir 7 va Chu Nhat, thay vi ngu thi nen ra ngoai choi th~

thao.

L - ~ 1t~ .• A, .~ A, ~

-= O)tf:jI'iJtf£e: v' oj J: V) ~flj-eTo

--C6ng viec nay kh6ng chi la trach nhiern rna con lit quyen 19i.

tH: L.-:>.h.~' t.L.}J.n'

db 0) A Ii, !};::tL e: v ' oj J: v), ~t$*-I tf. (j) t:.'o

--Con nguoi do kh6ng chi thtit l~ rna con kh6ng co y tu gl ca.

~ i 1: ~;?,:.? 1t1v1t~' ~A,:;_ ?"/v

UJEB ~!vlj:, ¥:~0)?t~C: v' '5 J: V), ~fHT~O)J:: '5 t:.o

--Anh Yamada khong chi la giao vien trirong h9C rna con trong giong nhu nhan vie n Ngan Hang.

59

f1.t~ijl-;1I3*~t='~t-r:tt<, ~~t1@l~!iL-"*To -Chung toikh6;;g chlhQc tieng Nh~t rna con hoc ca tieng Anh.

Y nghia

(t~tD V + t='I1-ctt. < + V (t~tD N + t="1-r:tt. < + N Khdng chi ... rna con

Khong chi d~ c~p d~n rn!)1 pharn vi nao do rna con noi rQng pharn vi muon d~ c~p.

C~u true cau I

(t~t=') V + t='~1-C'ft. < .

(t:J:_) N + t=',1-r: It < .

- ~A:~t='~·i-~It. <

- 13*~t="J~lt <

Vi du

5fi:f-;1, ~..t-iJit~lt~tt <, fffl;~~Jf~ ~To

-Toi khong chi thfch n~u cam rna con thfch don dep nha cira.

fL t: ij 1-;1 S *~ t=- It C'lt <, ~~:g t ?g{if!li L- "* To

-Chung toi khong chi hoc ti~ng Nhat rna con hoc ca ti~ng Anh.

t:.t~~A:~t=-'t-r:lt<, ~ibT~ c!::rt~';:V'It\-r:To

-Khong chi an cam rna con th~ due d~u thi se t6t cho sire khoe.

~t="t~ft <, jy~_t_~""'tit;hff't ~Itv' -Khong chi an thit rna con phai an ca rau nfra.

60

~ .!:: it r-::: -c, 'MO) II? iJ'\-? ~ L- v \ ""('To --tSo voi b8 thl mer cua toi hiSn han.

Y nghia

N + .!:: U.:) .tt:r-::: --c = ..• so sanh v6'i..., so vO; ... £)ua ra hai V?t, hai S\1 viec va so sanh v~ mot mQt diem nao do.

C~u true diu I

)l

"'" ~ T i: f-l- ii -=-0)~00i

Vidl,l

}t.!:: itr-:::-c, s;M~ o)II? iJ'~iJ~~v '""('To --tSo voi anh trai thl em trai t6i cao hon,

11 A. ( G t;,&

-=- O)~.!:: tE-"-c, ibO)*r;;t~ Ii 'C'To

-Cu8n sach kia d~t hem so voi voi culm sach nay.

*-7:3: /'rfJ.!:: l~-,,-c, /"/ -{ 1'i~E,.:cb ~ ~To

--tSo sanh vci Thanh Ph6 Hi) ChI Minh thi Ha NQi n&m a phfa b~c.

'S'*:M~iJ)~f2' ""('TiJ~o

=-Anh co thich man an Nhat Ban kh6ng?

l'ilt', *ftt~C'To

-Yang. T6i r~t thich.

"'" r- T A;M~.!:: It-,,-c c"t? G o)II? iJ~~~~ C'TiJ\o

-N~u so vai man an Vi~t Nam thi ann thlch ddng nao.

"'" r- T Af-t:ijo)ll? iJ~ff~ C'To

T6i thich man an Vi~t Nam han.

-=- O)~t®:t3 t L- 0 Ii \""('T eto

-Phim nay hay I~m!

-{- ? C'-ttJ\o bt:: L-l'iib ~ ~ ~f~ C'I'iib ~ "i it Ivo

-Th~ a, t6i kh6ng thich I~m.

-=- c7)1!:9C00I ~ J::t~ -C;:b c7)~001 c7) ~l ::> iJ~:f;J b 1..- 6 v \ ~T 0

B<) phim kia con thu vi hon nhi~u so vrri b<) phim nay.

61

-?:/$O)!t Il ~", Wit \ r l:t fj:.l· \ "('To

-.Khong co rnua he nao nong b~ng mua he nam nay

Y nghia

Danh tu + II~" « ~v\) ... {j:fj:.v'

Lien the tu sirc ngu+ Il~" « GV' .. .Ij:ftl\

Day la each di~n dat mang tlnh chu quan, cuong di~u cua ngiroi noi v~ m<)t Sl! vat hay SI! viec nao do, cho r~ng Sl! vi~c hay sl! v~t do la nh~t.

C~u truc cau I

Danh tu + ,·lc!::" « Gv\) .. .f:tfj:.v'

Lien the tu suc ngtr+ fI~' «Gv' .. .::tltv'

-.

Vi du

.r.::: "T .b.;f4:@ll ~", .Bv' 1..- v' t O)Ij: ib I? "i it !va -.Kh6ng co gi ngon bang mon an Viet Nam.

13 *~tHl e. Jif L- v' ~~Ij:fj:.v '-"CTo

-Kh6ng co ngon ngff nao kho bang tieng Nh~t.

-tj- ~ j) -Il ~', ~ Lv' t 0) Ij: ib I) "i it !va

-Kh6ng co gi vui bang bong dtt

;:. 0) 7 =:7 7. -"CifiJ~~~?;I L- v' -"CTt.Po -.Trong lap nay, ai hi~n nhat?

~s3 ~1v-"CTa

-.La anh Morita.

~a3 ~ !vII ~ .. ~ L-v' AI:tv'"i it Ivo -.Kh6ng co ai hi~n b~ng anh Ay d§u.

(t;:d.tt;:.O)gt~lj:tt Iv -c'-<jn:'a -)Sa thich cua ban la gi?

fLO)~*~rj:-IT '/ j:] --c'Ta -Toi thich bong da.

-t '5 -c'Tt:Po -IT '/ j:] -Ij:~ '--It '-c'TiPa

-Th~ a. Ua bong co vui khong?

-lj-,/j:]-11(:'~L-v\~0)1:tit? t) ~itlvo

-Khong co gi vui bang bong da ca.

it? t.tt;:.Ij::::k:a:-dffJ 0 -c It \ ~ Tip -B(,ln co nuoi cho khong?

~:tv \, dffJ 0 -Cv \ 'i T J::o ~tt1fHj:.:r.:r-c'-to

-Co. Toi dang nu6i mot con cho. Ten no 1(\ Momo . .:r::c f:t iJ:.v v \ It '-c'-ttJ~o

-Momo co d~ thucmg kh6ng?

l:tv', ~1~;: (: 0 -c.:r::c 11 c'tJ\VV ,It '~I:tv y~it Ivo

-Co. Ubi voi toi, khong co cho nao d~ thirong bang Momo.

6 2 v CiT) .:t:- '5 t.l <. t> v ' Cdu so sanh mang tlnh wang dieu
6 3 ~If' (t.lb) ~I1l::· Cang - thi cang
64 ~diUP] + 11 c" Khoang, rmrc
65 ~:llJPJ+ t Cau nhan manh ve so hrong
66 ~~ Cau kinh ngii
uw
67 R+ t.l~ v' Hay him
68 V (-c~) +'1 t.v- Muon ai do lam gi
69 ~!vt:"'t J::." Cau voi y muon nho va
7 0 "'\.: L J: ? i» Cau nghi van nhe nhii.ng?
7 1 V (f<J!~%) + " '1::. t: .. :e: t: " ' Cau nho va Ijch 51!
7 2 V (-C~) +" 't;:t~rtt.lv '-C L J: ? tJ\ Cau nho va ljch sV'
73 V (-C~) + < t=. ~ 0 C t: TtJ'0 (J)-r:TtJ~ Cau nho va lich Sl!
74 V + ~ -tt-c < t: ~ " ' Cau nho va ljch S\I'
7 5 t.llv c t.l < "- Cam thay
76 ~ -o If' IJ "- Dung Ill, qua III
7 7 ~+n'T9 Thay, nhan thay
78 tc: -o r: G "- Neu v~y thl ...
79 .:t:- ? I.- ';tli Neu noi v~y thl
80 N J::.1t ';tIt, ~Ij: 'J Nl N I la dai dien d~c trung cho N
8 1 f7iJ;tli, ~ J::. n'''- J::. fj, Cau li~t ke vi du dien hlnh
8 2 V - -C'itp IJ v'-5 Chi trang thai mang tinh thirong xuyen
83 0v'+V-CLi? La lam gl
84 V (~¥iI~) +01.- '-C:I;: Nhan tien
~ (J) +01t '-CI;:
85 v--CLi?=vi?-'I,>? Cau rut gon
86 V (~N!t%) +.:. c'~ T-5 Quyet dinh lam gi
V Ui¥iI%) + .:. J::. f;: t.l-5
87 ~t(J)\.:Tn't> Vi the, do do
88 t;:t~"'v (~¥&~) + t.::·,t-cv 'v' Chi can ... l<l duoc roi
89 V (-c%) <-5 Tro nen. tien den
90 ~ +f.ln' t> Von ill
9 1 V (5¥iH~) +.:. J::. f.l L'~ Khong+-
~ +.:. c t.l L.'~
92 V (t¥if%) + iJ>o 'J f;: Thay cho
il + tpp IJ I;:
93 V (llTfrtg) t: G J::. ,~,--::> -Cit '-5 Neu lam dircc thi tot 62

?tt It

~ILT~:Y-C?lz:~-t '5 It«GIt'-C:To

~ Vui qua din mire gein nhu phat kh6c.

Y nghia

D~ , .:. h

. en rmrc gan n If-

La cau dung phuong phap so sanh mang tfnh cuong dieu d~ khoa tnrong mire dQ ella S1!

viec.

cfiu true cau

Vi du

!;.!:~~'-c~ 1!'-:>

;b ~ IJ {;:." '-c ~*@l L-t '5 It < _~it_ '-C: L r:

~ Qua d6i ngac nhien dSn muc g§n nhu hAt tinh.

~ Mira to dSn mire tuy mang 6 rna g§n nhu hi u6t siing.

~ Anh Ay cao dSn muc g§n nhu cham tui tr~n nha.

i!!''''~''' t, ~ /::

iti!i{±$, C!::" '5 ?

~ C6ng viec dao nay thS nao?

" ' -c ;It l ", ;t , ,;~ ~ ~ Iv ~ J: ? (J'.l:. ? ~

T '::' < 'I't Lit' J: 0 m a j~ ~ -c:rv:J3I;U;: It IJ -t j It (' G It ,t;: J: 0

~ Ban I~m. Ngay nao ciing phai lam them gio, dSn muc gfrn nhu bi ng§. benh.

63

ti~(J):' ~ I£~' ;thli, ~~';t;s II~' :t~~';:ft 'J ~ To --+ N~u cang suy nghi v~ thi cu thi cang thAy 10 I~ng.

Y nghia

Dong, Tinh nr the gia dinh + Dong Tinh tir th~ nguyen mfiu + II c --+ N~u cang .•. cang Dung 06 trinh bay tlnh trang cua mQt sv viec nao do nSu mQl m{it thay 06i thl m{it khac cling cung thay d6i theo.

C§u true cau
V --+ ~;thl'i ~;to II ~'
v'% --+ :BI.- -L ,t tui :B1t'CIt' ,- P'
t;:/: _
ft% --+ ~:hl.-'ftG ~:hv'ft 'I C:_"
Vi du :B1(0)¥~i~ fuT(J)fj:1i'thli, 1il.- 'II ~~It 'v 'C'To

--+ Viec gui thir cam an nSu cang sam thl cang t6t.

lbftt.::li ~"!vft~tlj~~f~ C'TiJ~o

--+ Ban thich hoa nhir thS nao?

7t Ij: ~ :h I.- 'ft G, ~:h It \ it II C:_~if. -e:- C''t" 0 Cang dep tBi cang thich.

:Jt -":h l'i, it .r-:: 9 II C:_" ~ 9 0 --+ Cang an cang beo.

64

;IOv' 1:»)'

-9Jj.*-ItlviJ3:~ :::z t:0~:a:- 3ttl~U::"jo~It)-c"~ *TiJ)?

Xin J6i, co th~ cho 3 tach cafe co duoc khong.

- Tuy van qu6c gia rna co cUQC s6ng ~rn thirc khac nhau.

Y nghia

fl ~ Khoang, rmrc, chirng

Dung d~ di~n ta d~i khai v~ sa hrQ'Ilg va thOi gian. Thuong dung trong nhfrng truong hQ1J nghiem nic, khi nol v6i ngu'(yj tren, Vi khong di~n ta mQt each ro rang sa Itr(}'llg nen thmrng dung trong nhfrng trtrO'ng hop ljch Slf, gifr Y ho~c mllan nho' c~y.

C~u true diu

VI du

-e1vL..~ c::_ 1l>v'L..~';:1v 13<

m:.OY~i'i;:iJ~~--:::> -c, ~t±~': 302111 c"~.n-t:- ? -c"T?

- Vi co tai nan xe dien, nen co Ie tai se d~n tr~ khoang 30 phut ?

IiI,,: ';:Iv t 1;. Iv

m!i L- t: It \ ::. c iJ ~ ~ Q (f) -c" , 1 on- 1 I t.~ a~ Ffl9 :a:_. It \ r: t=. ~ t ~ -It Iv iJ )?

_ Vi toi co chuyen muon noi, nen co th~ danh thai gian 10 phut co diroc khong ?

:jov' t:lil'

TJj.~-ItlviJ~, :::z 1:::0-a-- 3ttl1c"joBIt\-c"~*TiJ)?

-Xin 16i, co th~ cho 3 tach cafe co duqc kh6ng.

~lvl:r~' v»

1:::"-Jv =:f>fll c"tlXbb* TiJ~?

-Anh co th~ uong duoc 3 c6c bia hay khong ?

""Iv ~

5 21~1c·1~--:::>-CIt\t::.t="t*TiJ\ ?

=-Anh co th~ cho tai diroc 5 phut chir ?

65

Lf L- v '~th (:_" 1 0 7Jp:j b T -5 fj:. G, ~ ;:tfj:.v '0

----+ Toi ding muon nhirng gia nhtrng 100 nghin yen thl khong mua n6i.

Y nghla

(so luong) t - ca m§y (s6 lirong)

NSu sau nhfrng tir chi s6 hrong rna dung t, thi se co tac dung nh~n manh v~ s6 nhi~u hay rmrc dQ ctia s6 IUQ'Ilg do, d6ng thai cling co tac dung di€n ta S,! ngac nhien, khong ngO' d~n ciia nguo; noi,

C§u truc cau I

~di~ (Danh tiT chi s6 hrong) + t

Vi du

ffi l'i t ? ~'>E' t ~l0 -c v ' ;t T

----+Nhfrng 3 ngay nay tnri ctr mua su6t.

~\? 1£ h..

!;:/v C:1v-~iJ~ 3 0 0 p:j bT-5fj:.Iv-C· • ·0

----+ I cu ca r6t rna gia nhimg 300yen ha ....

v'-:>--,lvl;: t:~-Jv~ 2 O*tt&tJfj:.Iv-C, ~W'iJ~:i37.F> L- < fj:.Q J:o ----+M9t lfin rna u6ng tui ca 20 chai bia ha. Sire khoe se x§u di do.

'lL-v\fttLc~l 07Jp:jb-t-5fj:.G, ~;tfj:.v\o

-Toi cling muon rna nSu gia nhtrng 100 nghin yen thl khong thS mua duoc.

66

c' -? ~':jSA IJ < f~ tf: It '0 ~ Xin moi vao.

Y nghia

:jS V < f~ tf: It , Xin hay + V

C~u true diu I

:jS A I) < f~ tf: 'v 'I :jS1~1? < r: tf: 'v' :jS IV! ~ < f:' tf: It ' :jS~ ~'< f:' tf: It 'I :jSip(t < r: tf: It'

Vi du

c' '5 .f:.:t3A I) < t: tf: It '0 =-Xin rnoi vao.

-=- ~ G -c'.:t31~i? < f::" tf: It '0 ~Xin hay cho (y day.

f.l. 0) ~ ~ :a:- .:t3 r~ll2: < f~ tf: 'v '0

~Xin hay nghe SI! thuyet minh cua toi.

~ * IJ a#FI'I~ il~ ~ I) ~ it Ivo .:t3~~' < f:' tf: It '0

~Chung ta khong e6 nhieu thoi gian nira. Xin hay d~n ngay cong ty.

~" '5 e. -=- ~ G ,;:.:jSil\lt < f:' tf: 'v '0

~ Xin moi hay ng6i (y day.

66-1

,:_ o)!-IBI@ ~~~ < t~ ~ II '0

-Xin moi hay xem ban d6 nay.

Y nghla

JL~T,~~T

Nhtrng dQng tir nhir J-;. ~ T, li~ T c6 each bi~u hien la :t3/i~"'(:.fch6 se d6i thanh :i0/iff:fJ'" < t:._' ~ II 'I.

Cfru truc diu I

JL ~T- x :J:3JLJ-;. < r: ~ II '-O~ < t~ ~ II '0 ~~ T- x:J:3li < r: ~ II '-O:t3i*J-;. < t: ~ II '0

Vi du

,:_ O)±-IB~ ~~~ < r: ~ II '0

- Xin moi hay xem ban d6 nay. ftf-13 0)~I@~1D1J~(:.f~ VJ ~ LJ.::.ip •

-Ngai da xem bQ phim hom qua chua? c:" 5 ~:t31*J-;. < r: ~ II '0

-Xin moi hay nghi ngoi.

66-2

4- J3t1f-c.;.~ ~=lrfl.H= v \ ~ -? L -? -o -c < t~ ~ I" \0 -+Nhftt dinh xin mol hay d€n choi

Y nghia

Nhfmg d{lng tll' nhir L * T, * * T kh6ng co hinh thirc :to '"'-' ,= tt. ~ thl th~ klnh ngfr se d6i sang thanh DT -c < r: ~ V -,

C~u trUc diu I

L *T-+X.t3 L < t~~ I,,\-+ott. ~ -?-C < t~~ It \0 **T-+X:to*< t=:~v\-+Ol,,\~-? L-?-?-C< t~~I,,\o

Vi du

4-J3t1fO~~=lrfV"= It \ ~ -? L -? -? -c < t=: ~ It \0 -+Nh~t djnh xin moi hay dSn choi jO~¥JJIj:{iiH': tt. ~ v \ * TiPo

-+Qui khach dung d6 u6ng gi ?

66-3

r~~Mn~ ib ~ "* 1.-- f-= G, -t < .. ,;: ,::)1!~ < f~ 25 It '0 --+N€u c6 v~n d~ thl xin hay lien lac ngay cho.

Y nghia

Nhirng d(>ng t11 nhir N 1.--"* -t thl se tro thanh N f,t. ~ -o -c < f= ~ It " nhirng ciing co khi la fPV/:1O N < r: ~ It \0

C~u truc cau I

Vi du

t.;.IvV

~~n~!l€i"* ~ "* -tOyt\ -t 6-t -0 .::'~{; < t: 25 It \0

--+H6i ngh] s~p diroc b~t d§u r6i, xin qui vi hay chuan bj,

vn:-.Gf,t.It\,:_ c n~ib ~ "* 1.--f-= G, :10~*< f=25It\o --+N~u co ch6 nao kh6ng hi~u, xin hay di~n thoai,

r~~Mn~ ib ~ "* 1.-- f-= G, T <' ,=- ,::'il~ < r: 25 It \0 --+N~u co v~n d~ thl xin hay lien lac ngay cho.

66-4

i'ffl-RiJ~ ib f? G -e:Jo1~"t? -e-to (=~--:> -Clt \~-t) -Ngai tnrong phong dang cho a dang kla \1.

Y nghla

:Jo V (-~-t) -e-tiJ~ DQng nr a th~ ton kfnh.

C~u true diu

:JoIJIff ~-e-t :t31~ "t? -e-t :Jo~ ~ -e-tiJ~ :Jo~L--e-t

'Jffi- ~ * L- t: 1~--:>-Clt\~-t

1m ~ ~ L- t:.iJ~

*~ L-t:.

Vi du

f±~Ij:fPJ~::: 6:Jo1ffi- ~ -e-tiJ~o (= 1m ~ * L t:.iJ~)

=-Thua Ngai giam d6c, m~y gio thl Ngai se v~ (J.?

im-RiJ~ ib"t? G "r:-:Jo1~"t? -e-to (= ~ --:> -c It ,*-t)

-Ngai tnrong phong dang cho a dang kia (J.. *~~~iJ'>ib6'::' C:, t ?:JoIif]~-e-tiJ)o (=Iif]~* L,f:.iJ~) -Thl1a Ngai da nghe vao tu~n sau co hQi ngh] chua a? f±-RiJ~ 1 0 a~n::..::. "t? G ';::Jo~ L- -e-to

-10 gia giam d6c se d€n day (J..

67

.; 1:: 1;,11' P~ I! tJ'Jv~'

-=- -=-O):~:*J;:t~v'*Tn:.G, b '5 -)jt ~ ;ttt~v'

----+Cau tra loi nay sai rbi, vi v~y ban hay suy nghi lai mQt IAn nita di

nM

Y nghia

tt ~ v' Wiy

La th~ m~nh I~nh (y mjrc d{> nhe nhimg. Cach nol nay khi mudn sai khi~n, ra l~nh cho nguCfi khac, Cach noi nay chi dung trong tnrong hgp nguot tren mu6n bao ban, nh~c nho, chu y nguoo dmri, Vi dl) nhir b6 me bao ban co cai, thay cho nhie nheY hoc sinh hay cAp tren chu y cAp du6i. Tranh dung d~ noi v6i ngmri 1611 tu6i ho~e cAp tren cua minh.

C§u true cau

Vi du

O<j>~ c -t.... !

~.:t -=- ,-= ~J: ~iJ~ j; t~'Alnt -c tt v <t» G, trt G it 1,- '\ J:: '5 ,-= -m ~"'J ~t i~ ~ 1: '\

-0 dang do tuyet v~n chua tan h~t, nen chu y can thAn tranh bj tnrot chan nhe.

}'H: ih L- t: L- ~ t l"t~ t>.

b :)~1,-'iJ~t;, ~ S t{±*iJ~~QO)~, If!.< ~t~~1,-'

-Va muon I~m rbi, ngay mai cling co cong vi~c nita, hay di ngu som di nhe

ihLt:. tJ·,,~ ~Jvt.t. ~"tJv <! ~'ltJv ~

~ S O)~~~iJ:, ~, d.1:dtt::O)~JE,:a:-OO ~ r: v ,O)~t.:: < ~ 1v~JE,~tl:l Lj~ ~ 1,-'

- Trong bu6i hop ngay mai, moi nguoi d~u muon nghe y ki~n ella ban, vi v~y ban hay dira fa th~t nhi~u y ki~n nhe.

z.t: f_,tJl I'f_, I! tJ>Jv~:

=. =. O)~;tIJ:i!H '* Tn:. G, t '5 -)jt ~ ;ttt ~ 1: '\

++Cau tra loi nay sai rbi, vi V?y ban hay suy nghl lai mot IAn nira di nhe

ih L t: rn :; ~ l"t~ L- z: C ;I;

I¥i I3I:URJtn~Tn:.t;, If!.< {±*~~bt;t:ttt~v'o

-Ngay mai la han giao hang, cho nen phai holm thanh cong viec s6m di nhe.

68

L'1J:?

~;jSJ.~::r ~c_ L- -c (1 L- v 'Iv r: ,t c!::"

-T6i muon nho anh eopy cho t~p tai li~u

Y nghTa

v -c fl Lv' Mu6n ai lam hQ cho vi~c gi

Day lit each bi~u hi~n dU'Q'c dung d~ di~n ta sl}' yeu cau mQt ngtroi khac hanh dQng theo y muan ella mlnh. Vi day la bi~u hi~n co tinh ch§t yeu du trtrc ti~p va khfing phai th~ l~ phep.ljch Sl}' nen khdng dtrQ'C dung d~ noi vo; ngtrm tren mlnh.

Cfru true diu

VI du

"A,~~? 1: fl·

~ f-* ~ 1& IJ ~;t -c ~I Lit' (J) --CTil~

-Toi muon nho anh thay eho cai bong den

;t~ '?

~ '* --cllh -Cit' "::> -c II L It '(J)--CTil~ _ T6i muon nho anh dfrn d~n ga

L'1J:7

~r-l-~::r ~o_ L -c ~l Lit' Iv r: It c'

_ T6i muon nho anh copy cho t?P tai lieu

ll>~' ,f 1:~A,tJ' -c "'?t.:

~~(J)~1im~-¥{ii"::> -c (1 L It 'Iv--CTil~

-T6i muon nho' anh giup eho viec chuan b] hQi nghj

~ J: 'i -It"'?1I.>~'

4- B, IDlfl)i L -c 11 L-It \.:. c!:: il~ lb IJ '* Til'

-Hom nay, toi co vi~c muon nho anh giai thfch

69

;t I,.\,)t ~~, l.'-?L.t }.J. I..

1!!k:0000Yr-7,/ r. iJ~ 2 fXlb.:s Ivt:.(t ~", -Mn:J'U;:1T2: ~ L-.J:: '5 iJ:.

-T6i co hal ve di xem phim, chung ta se cung di xern phirn chir,

Y nghTa

Ivt:_"t~' Nhii'ng rna, tuy rna

La each noi nhe nhang, thirong n~m ir gifra cau th~ hi~n tam trang hoi co phin hrong hI, do dV, ng~i lam phi~n nguOi khac khi muBn mOi ai, nho' ai, muBn xin phep hay gop y di~u gi.

C~u truc diu I

NINa t.t.1v tc It t! AN Ivt~Jt ~~

Vi du

I.: 11 fv:: --<fv~ J: 'J "'-fv~ J: ;

S *~~ fr12 %i L- t: It 'A.;t'::'It c', c:' '5 ~0 -r ~ 5~ L-t.:: G It 'It '""('TiJ:.

-T6i muon h9C tieng Nhat, nhung rna lam the nao d~ h9C nhi.

l..fvt:~< j_~ ~, .;IJ.t;, UL

tJr m ~ -"'iT 2: t: It' A.; tc It ~~l!! iJ~ biJ:. G t.t.1t '(J)""(" ~;t -r t G ;t ~ TiJ:.

-T6i muon di dSn ga Shinjuku nhtrng rna kh6ng biSt duong, vi v?y anh co th~ chi duong cho t6i co diroc kh6ng.

;t 1.\ ~t ~I,.. I.-'"'=> L.t. lj. ).. ..

1!!k:00i (J)-:r-7 '/ I, iJ~ 2 tt lb Q Ivt'::'It c', -~';:yU;:1T~ ~ L-.J:: '5 i»

-T6i co hai ve di xem phirn, chung ta se cung di xem phim chir.

I.: b -:> ;'."LJ: b

m~iJ~t.:: < ~ Ivlb.:s Ivt:'lt c'~ -~';:~0 -r < .nt.t.v'

-Himh Iy thi co rilt nhieu, anh co the xach cling t6i diroc chir

-tt-->U i!' rJ); L -tt-:>...,~,

.:. (J)i9:fim (J)fj~ ~%J ~ t.:: It' A.; t:. It ~", ~Wi L- -r < .n ~ T iJ\

-T6i muon hi~u bi~t ve chirc nang cua thiSt b] nay, anh co th~ giai thich h9 tai duoc chir.

70

"'LI:: -c c s

IlA 13 0))1( 1!;Uj: c:" 5 --C L J: ? iJ' ?

~Ngay mai, thai ti€t se nhir th€ nao nhi ?

Y nghia

--C L J: ? iJ:.. Phai v~y khong, co phai v~y khong

La dang diu hoi mang y nghia muAn xac nh~n di~u gi do, suy dolin m{}t v§n d~ gi do. Day la m{}t each noi I~ phep, th~ rich SI}' ciia --C-tip, '* -tiJ~ ,Ia m{}t each noi nhe "hang, co Hnh nhin nh~n v~ m{}t v§n d~ nao do nhtrng khong co tinh quy~t doan,

Cfru truc cau I N/Na+~ L J: ? iJ:.. AfV+~ L J: ? iJ'\

Vi du

p,,->?;(_ ii I:: <

t L t L, # J:: ~ !v0):t3~~ L J: ? iJ'\?

~Alo, xin hoi co phai nha cua ong Inoue kh6ng ~ ?

~ J:.? LfJ Civ )l'lvlf~ ,~,~,

~ 13, ~ A O)~lffi~iJ) J1J.:5 ~ L J: ? "/p?

~H6m nay co phai la se co bu6i ti~c chao mung nhirng ngiroi rnoi phai kh6ng ? ?

"'ll:: "(Iv~

rtI'] 13 0))1( ~Oj: c: ? 't: L. J: ? iJ' ?

~Ngay mai, thai ti€t se nhir thS nao nhl ?

~1;,J:. 'i t/. Iv C )l.;(_

~~-R ~j:, filr~.:::' 0jO')ffl1J I:: lot.:5 ~ L. J: j iJ'?

~6ng tnrong phong se tro v~ luc m~y gio v~y ? ?

L~J:.'i

.:. O)jtf-L zr t"- L -crt v ,It '--C L. J: j "/J'?

~T6i co th~ copy tai li~u nay dutrc kh6ng ~ ?

71

;h L t: n· i - € ~ Jv fl·

~ 13 (7)~~,;:~jJD ~-tt-cv vi: r: ~ t;: It \OYC"Til\

~T6i muon tham du vao bu6i hQP ngay mai.

Y nghTa

~ -It -c It ,t-::.. t=. ~ t:» \ Xi" phep cho toi, toi mudn du,!c phep

La each noi I~ phep lam mi}t vi~c gi do. each noi nay hay dung trong quan h~ cong vi~c, dp dtr6'i thirong dung d~ noi v6'i c§p tren khi muan lam mi}t vi~c gi, ho~c khi muAn trinh bAy mi}t y ki~n gi rna cAn I~ng nghe 101 khuyen, chi th] tir phla dp tren.

efiu truc diu I

Vi du

t:.I:?~.I:? f;l:,;, < *y'-:>~ f3:?biv

x.Y:/:=..7t=t?(7) ~ i}?, ~reWTQt=~, m:Ji, wrJ:t~~-tt-cv\t=t='~t=v\(7)"C"Til~

-'>D~ n~m duoc tinh hinh cua cac ban kl' sir, hay cho cluing t6i xin phep mQt thang duoc tham mQt lc1n.

~ J: ") «: a, .' PO ~T

4- S, !J-.g.il\~v\il:.G, f*"*-tt-Clt\t:.t~~t=lt\(7)"C"Til~

-'>H6m nay ngiroi kh6ng duoc khoe, toi xin phep dircc nghi .

;h L- t: I). P € ~ Iv tJ'

~ S (7)~~~;:~JJp ~ -tt-cv »t: t~~ i: v \O)-rTll~

-'>T6i mu6n tham d\I vao bu6i hop ngay maio

Ji.L'1v .:?~? ~Q); ""1v~.I:; <"-'t.:-c~€~?

::. 0) tm J'b 0) t#~ . #i ~ :a:- ~ %i 1..- ti: It \ 1:T II ~ G, ::. (7) *J3.:lz: 1'F ~ ~ -tt -c It \ t: t;: ~ t: v \

OYC"Tll\

-'>T6i muon nam dircc du tao va chirc nang cua san pham nay, vi V?y t6i muon diroc lam c6ng viec l~p rap do.

~ J::i tJ'Y'L-~ t>JvtJ'Jv~.t?1r~ f";b(1.1:?

4- B, :) 1:J (7) £:t±O)fF f'i'I~ ~ *l :a:-J£ ~ ~ -tt-c v \ tt: t~ ~ t;: It \ 0) "C"Til~

-+H6m nay, t6i muon diroc phat bieu thanh tlch trong mQt nam cua Cty chung

72

~ J;? <: ;, I' 07.> ~

4-S, Jt.friJ~~lt'iJ"G, i*~-tl:'""(lt,t.::t~~t/tlt'--C:LJ: ?iJ"o

~Hom nay, toi khong duoc khoe lam an cho toi duoc nghi duoc khong ?

Y nghia

Cftu true diu I

V '""(+It,t.::t~~tltlt'--C:LJ: ?iJ"

I': ;:1: Iv I' I.: II Iv:: 13 L

S *';:TT~ t: I,. '--C:TiJ' S *~:!?~;t '""( I,. vi: t~'t It I,. '--C: L J: ? iJ"o

~Toi rnuon di Nhat, anh co th~ day tieng Nh~t cho toi co diroc khong ?

t,:L'L.tplv I' ;,.t, toL

.r< l- T j,,*~~';:TT~ t:» '--C:TiJ~, ii.:a:-~;:t ,""(It,t.::t~'tltlt '--C: L J: J iJ"o

~Toi muon di d~n Dai Sir Quan Vi~t Nam, anh lam an chi dirong cho toi d~n do ducc khong ?

~ J; 7 <: '" I' 0'5 ~T

4- S, ~-@-iJ~~It'iJ"G, f*"i.-tl:'""(lt,t.::t~'tftV\--C: L J: J iJ'o

~Hom nay, toi khong diroc khoe lam an cho toi diroc nghi duoc khong ?

;;lj :H' L

~ It' iJ" G, %:\:!? M 2lb '""( v' t.:: t: ,t It It \ --c: L J: 5 tr;

~ Troi lanh qua, him an dong cira s6 co duoc khong ?

I'it \·'-{-h' .fs.1v $

4-, 'I't L I,. 'lip G, 5 51' <~ G v ,~-? '""(v \t.::t~~t It I,. '--c: L J: 5 iJ'o

~Hi~n gia toi dang ban, anh co th~ cho toi 5 phut co diroc khong ?

73

J: ~ < 1"::--t

"('~ tLl'i*-r /vO)T1I8:a: 1..- --C < t-.:' ~ Q ~ MiPQ 0) "('-tiJ~o

---4Niu anh t1ijt giup h(j khdch san thi may qua.

Y nghla

v->: < r: t:: Q C: t= i-7J"Q O)"('-tiJ~o

La each noi khi muon d~ ngh] ai giup do minh viec gi do. Dung trong ngu canh biet la , khong nen nho, kh6 nhir va nhung n~u rna nh~n dU'Q'c Sl! gilip dO' thl th~t la may man, sung suong.Tuy d6i tUQ11g muon nho va rna dung thS kfnh ngfr hay thS than m~t.

c~u true cau

v->: < t='~ Q ~ t:'T7J>QO)"('-tiJ~ V - -c < .n Q ~ t: -t 7J > Q Iv t..:' ,t ~"

,..-- ------.,

Vi du .

:""1..04>5 fi-:.v'.t5 tt~'J:? 1f

1h 0) :5, =* J1§l 0) ~ * 0) 1*I$:a: * ~ ?fJ t=1v -r:T7J~, -r: ~ ;h''£i? J: -? ~ Jt --c < t:.' ~ Q

1':7"

~ MiJ:-'Q 1v-r:-tiJ~o

---4Xin 16i, day la nQi dung bai phat bieu tuAn sau do tei tom t~t, nSu co thS xin nho eng xem giup cho mQt chut thi that la may qua.

I.. :: l: 1»1":: il

t: -?, -=:. O){±~iJ~Jl--5lt vt: G 7j. * TO) v, ~lt' --C;jOlt vr < r: ~ It \0

---4 Th~ thi, sau khi lam xong cong viec nay tei se xern nen elf de s~n {] do di.

i: lOt Iv::: "( ~'1f tp t:'7"

1h 0) '5, s *~ -r.: -¥*.a::a: ~ It \ t: -r.: Iv -t 7J~ , -r.: ~ tL ,,£ i? J: -o ~ Jt. -c b G;t Q ~ If}] iJ:. Q

Iv "('-t7J~o

---4 Xin 16i, day la la thir tei dff vi~t bang tieng Nhat, n~u co th~ xin nho eng xem giup cho mQt chut thi th~t 1<\ may qua.

;t;t, v'It\"('-t J:o {PJO)-¥ffJt"('-t7J"0

---4 Yang, duoc th6i. D§.y 1<\ thir gl th€.

~7J" Gfkii ~"-/v~ ~ It \'':11'0 -c < Q 0)"(,, ;bt~t=iJ~f-r:£1I!~{'f0 -c < ;hQ ~ t=T 7J"Q Iv tf: It c:"o

---4 Vi bay gia to se di mua bia nen n~u c~u giup ta n&u mon an thi may qua.

7l>~'~L0 toj>/v{} 7l'~'~ L~..t'J

fL~:t~~~O)~{irn i" L-f~,·t.t1~'if~ G f~1t <aro; 7 2/ ~ 1v';:~~O)Wir-fi"::J 1:::"- L---C

b G? ,!:: f-::.TtJ~0IvtfJt ,!::"o

----+ Toi phai chuan b] phong hop nen n~u Hung copy hQ nhirng tai li~u nay thi dO' qua. 74

ill;t

~ 13 ~:tjr L-Jf. < 1m- G it--C < r: ~ It '0 ----+Hom nay xin eho phep toi v~ som mQt chut.

Y nghia

V-2: it--C < t:!. 2: It' - xin d~ cho V

Dung khi tt! mlnh trt!c ti~p xin phep dU'Q'c lam di~u gi do.

V - 2: it --C It ,t-::. f:!. tt ~ -9tJ~ la mot each xin phep ljch st! hon, Thuong hay dung de xin phep v~ nhfmg hanh dQng cua ban than mlnh,

Cftu true cau I

V- 2: it--C < t::_' 2: " \

V - ~ it --C It -t: t::_· ,t * -9 tJ ~

Vi du

t:!.t1i.P, .:.0){t.c::$i"51 ~~'t--c < .t1~itlvtJ~o

----+C6 ai d6 nhan giup toi cong viec nay khong ? ift}, fL(;: ~ G it--C < t:!. ~ It '0

-Nh~t djnh, hay cho toi lam cong viec nay.

fLiMiflMt L- ~T J:o

----+Bfra nay toi se moi.

~ 13 f:t, fL,,:Jl:b1t--C < t:!. 2: It \0

----+Hom nay hay eho phep toi tra ti~n.

& L-~ *- 2:it--C" ,t-::. t=&t* TtJ~o

----+D~ toi suy nghi m!)t chut e6 duoc khong?

L'J bit •

$ L- ~ <t; '? ~ it /viJ', ~ 13 f:tP L-lf. < 1m- G 1t--C < tf. 2: It \0

----+ Xin 16i, hom nay eho phep toi v~ sam mot chut.

75

.hA-LIv

f,t Iv ~ f,t < tfi: JL~ --c: ~ Q

~T1.r nhien cam th~y yen Him h~n.

Y nghia

t,t Iv ~ f,t < - Khfmg hiSu sao, tv nhien cam thiy.

Dung khi khong th~ ntii ro Ii do, nguyen nhan dltQ'c b~ng liri rna chi mijc nhien cam nh~n, cam ghic nhir th~ rna thfii,

Vi du

lit ~'-:> LJ;

S*~fT<o)lj:W6"Y'C'~Tn~, btit~-~f,tO)--C: f,tlv~f,t< *JL'C'~~To

~ Tuy 1ft Iftn d§u di Nh~t nhung vi di cung voi ban nen nr nhien cam th~y yen tam

h~n.

~~ fJ'A-

~O) A ~ 1j:~~C'~J5 L tt: t::-'t C'Tn~, f,tlv ~ t~ < if L ~ \~ C7J~ L ~ To

-Chi co noi chuyen V01 nhau qua di~n thoai thoi, rna khong hiSu sao cam th~y ngiroi do th~t hi~n .

. ~ ~

m3ffl {!: D~ \ t: J: ? C' f~ Iv t:. f~ < ~ 01t~ \ C'To

-Hinh nhtr bi nhiem cam rbi, cam th~y gay gay s6t.

t.1v b ,

fi:.1v ~ fi:. < ~ \~fi:.T~7J~ L t:. 0) '"('Tn), ~'j: '9 ;Jli ~ i=Jt::_J T;7. 1-- 7J~ ~ '9 ~ L tz;

-T\T nhien cam th§y se co gi khong hay, qua that 1ft co bai kiem tra b~t ngo,

;!.o:A-

II: Iv C t~ < ~ 1-- -r Af...J.JJI!n~~,,-.;::t:. ~ \~71-CTo

-Hom nay khong hiSu sao lai thay them an rnon Vi~t Nam.

76

~ -o tf IJ :to,,' L-,,'-z+-t -Qua 1ft ngon

Y nghia

Dungtrong tnrong hQ1J nguoi n6i sau khi nghT ky ho~c co S\T tham khao y ki~n ella ngiroi khac, thi chac chan voi phan do an ban d§u ella rnlnh hI khong sai, hoac khi S\T viec say ra dung nhir dir doan.

~"'? ,,£ IJ dung trong van noi ~I'j: IJ thirong dung trong van viet.

Vi du

I.rllt ,;;~p "( N~ Iv 'IJ) ~ < t '-? L..t p tp:e < tJ~Jv!Ji

#itfH;: fi1iJJiJ~iR:*- -o -c, *:n~ C: -~';:1T < tJ~ C:" ? i»; *~-z+'" -5 v' b 15 ;t *- L

~J:. :H'<

t: iJ~, ~fj: IJ -f-~(7) ~ 1f (7):=' C: .a:- ~;t -c - A -z+fT < ,:. C: ,;: f~ IJ '* L tz;

-Khi duoc di~u d(>ng di cong tac 6 mroc ngoai.gia dinh toi da: suy nghT r~t nhieu xem 1ft eo nen cung ca gia dinh di hay khong, nhirng qua la khi din nhac d~n viec hoc hanh ella eon cai thi gia dinh di d€n quyet dinh la chi mlnh toi di thoi,

"'-J"c ,;

13 :$1-z+ fF",? t::..to:# ~:!:Hj:, ~ -'? ''1 IJ .:}3lt ' L " ' -e-t 0

- Com hep do chfnh minh n~u qua [a ngon.

~ Il) ? "( Iv ~ J: II ? ~ J:. ?

W 13, ;R~ riW -z+ g -o -c It vt: C: .to IJ, ~ -? Ii IJ 4- 13 fi i~f~H;: f~ IJ *- L tz;

_ H~t nhir dir bao thai ti~t hom qua, d(mg la hom nay traj mua.

tr1"t;,

:='(7)f±=$fj:, ~1j:1J fL(;:Ij: YL~ LT~,*Lt::.o

_ Cong vi~c nay d6i voi toi, qua la hoi kh6.

~ ~ h ~v

~.a:- ~iJ ~ ~ i"~;::ji t: (7) '"C', ~ Ij: IJ )sum.a:- V-II '-c L *- It ,'* L t-:

_ Vi toe khong hong kh6 da: di ngu nen dung 1ft b] nhiem cam.

"'Jvf!Jc.?

i? ~ Iv .!:: $PJl ~ G t,t iF_' -o t::. (/) -e ~---:> Ii ~ 7 7-. l- Ij: -e ~ *-1t Iv -e L, tc;

_ Vi khong hoc hanh dn than, nen dung la da khong lam diroc bai kiem tra. 77

K<~Jc.,a ~ L. ~.

::. (/) ~;f-t:F!IH::::'Ij:/F,'i!!,.t,t~ ~ iI~-r- .150

-Cai m6n thjt nay e6 mui la

Y nghla

iI~ T .15 Cam th§y

Th~ hi~n cam giac eiia con ngufri. Di~n hi cac giac quan rna con ng1fOi cam nh~n d1fc},C d6i v6i cac sl! v~t, hi~n tU'Q11g, hanh dQng xung quanh.

'.::.101,,\, 1.1:\:.10 ~, ~o -if, ~ C, ~, *~, f!f:~~

Mill, hirong, vi, am thanh, cam giac, buBn non ....

C~u true cau

VI du

~<~~5~ ~ L. ~.

::. (/)~f-t~~::::'Ij:/F}1!;t&it,t~ ~ iI~i- .150

-Cai m6n thjt nay e6 rnui I?~

< 0;1'. t Ii It

T If. *-1t Ivo i? J: -o C: lj[ ~ 11: ~ "C 1,,\ t: t;::- It ~ -It Ivil)o rtt ~ miJ~T .15 Iv -eTo

+-Xin l6i, lam on dung xe mQt chut c6 duoc khong? Toi bu6n non.

e:"~Jv ~~to· ':·<1),IJ.t( t:J:51::-:> f!

:!W:ili, JlJ B3 ~ Iv(/).A. ~ T Affl-~ fJ iJ~ J:: ~ L, -r .15 J: oj tt~iI~ L, ~ To

-G~n day, c6 cam th~y nang hrc ti~ng Nhat cua anh Yamada e6 diroc ti~n bQ.

-:>11) Il'->l' ~ e: tr It

7H.:i:fjQ C:{{J-t.:::.v\mil~~v\--Cv\-r, *~iI~ L,t::.o

-Khi di ra ben ngoai, gi6 lanh th6i den, khien co cam giac lanh.

~Jv <1:>1:.

::. (/) -if =:7 :$f I j:: ~ t,t '* iI<; -r- .15

-Cai m6n salat nay c6 vi la,

78

t~ -o t: ~ It' It' -c!i""tlo

NI. A hi I. h'I

- eu v~y t 1 tot n 1.

Y nghia

t~"'? t: &?- Th~ thi, v~y thi

t~ "'? tt: G Dung khi muon neu y ki~n cua rnlnh v~ nhirng thong tin nhan duoc tir nguci d8i thoai .

-r: L t: G 1ft each noi ljch SIJ cua r: -o tz: G, co y nghTa gi8ng nlnr -t: 5 t~ -o tt: G.

Ngoai ra cung voi y nghTa tren con co each noi khac nhir -t:nf~ G, .:tt1 C~

Vi du

~~& ~

=- 0) ~ < C fj: ~ -? C: ~ iz: ~ * T J:: 0

_ Nhtrng ve s8 nay nhat djnh se tning thuong d~y.

t:_ -o t: G, v 'v '-r:-tno - V?y thl t8t nhi!

<: ft ~

*0) ~ ,:.fjf L-v'A-/~-iJ~-r:~ Q-t: 5 -r:-t J::o

-Nghe noi ben canh nha toi se co sieu th] moi d~y.

"-Iv~

t:_ -o t: G, ~fU ,:. t~ ~ * Tno

- Th~ thi ti~n loi nhi.

"""~0

=- =- O)iJ~~~.r-::.t::..v '-C'To

-Toi muon an mon d~c san a day.

a L.;" b il?

-r: L t: G, ;jOWll~O)'l£ ~ f;-b-ttt;;tv ,tJ~iJ~-r: L-.J: i»:

_ Th~ thl mon ca s8ng x~p tren dTa thl th~ nao.

~ 131j:f±.~1*,7;-t::..v'-r:To

-Ngay mai toi muon xin ngay nghi,

t'!Ad!J: ?

""C' L- t;: G, 4- s ~ ~ L "(" < t~_-.~ v \0

~Vay thi hom nay hay lam them gia nhe.

79

-t 5 It ' ;{Ji, -t 5 ""C' L- t;: ;0.0 ~Niu n6i v4y Ihi, dung IiI thi nhi.

Y nghia

-t:- 5 It \;t Ii ~ N6i v~y thi

Dung khi dang nghe chuyen cua ngiroi d6i thoai li~n nho ra chuyen gl do co lien quan. Ngoai ra, khi W minh lien nrong dSn di~u gl do cling dung bi€u hien nay d~ di~n tao

I Vi d\l I

$ J:.? tH:

7 .> ~ ivA, s Lt~v\'""("T;o'o

~ Hom nay Hung d€n muon nhi.

,$(]);' tp'i' ~T

-t 5 It ';{-,i, Wj: S it~ a- L "("V ,t;:O)""C', mffl5""C'1*Iv""C'It' 0 O)iPb Ltv*it Ivo

~ Noi yay thi. vi hom qua anh §y bi ho nen c6 th~ hom nay nghi vi bi nhiern cam

chang.

-c t;, b J; :'i ~~

f.t Ivt~7J:.Sgm~Zl~'I~ Lv \ ""C'T;O.o

~B~u troi xem co ve am u nhi.

, -c Iv ~ J; ;I :'i _ _ hll)

-t 5 It';t Ii, J(~T~ ""C'lf1& l:1:ffit~ ~ It \",? -c v \ '* L- tc;

~ Noi yay thi,theo nhtr dIJ bao thai tiSt thl chieu nay c6 mira d§y.

z. }! b :;_;S :I: H.: J:,lllv J; "

-1-f* 0) t]t Lb ts t;: 1:1::$ I:pfs:::a:- ~t Iv ""C' v \ '* L t: ;0.,

~ Khi con be, ngay nao C?U cling doc sach nhi. -t:- 5 ~ \;t Ii, -t 5 ""C' L t;:;O.o

~Noi yay thi, dung th€ nhi.

",f"t) ~t:t;,

1~IH;:""C'~t;:~ LIt\l/.7- r-:7~, .to1t\L< -c, ~Tv\-t5t~;o'o

~Nha hang rnoi ben canh nghe noi vira ngon lai vira reo

it Iv $ J::'i v-'" ,'-::0 L. J:

-t:- 5 It \;tI'~C:7 /TO)-tj-- (:'·.7-~iJ~Lb ~ ~To A, B O)~, -Mfl;: c· 5 ""C'TiJ:.o

~N6i viiy thi, vi co ve m?c ca su§t an tnra cua nha hang nay nen tnra nay cung di an khong?

;t T:' ~Iv

.::. O)k~f:1::Y' L-~""C'T;o'o

~ Birc tranh nay xem th~ nao §y nhi.

80

Nhdc din nhiing nguai con VI da! cua dan toe Viet Nam la phdi kd din hac H6 Chi Minh.

Y nghia

N~u nol v~ N (1,2,3 .. ) thl dira ra Nt lam dai dien tieu bieu.

Dung khi dtra ra mQt chf d~ nao do d~ ban lu~n thl nhih djnh phai k~ d~n mQt d:;ti di~n ti(!U bi~u mang tinh d~c trung cho chu d~ do.

cAu true diu

- :A-1 ~ ~ c!:: ~ ';:tl'i, ~'j: I') T:3 ::z v~ ~ ~ l- T A c!:: ~ , ;:t l'i, ~ Ij: VJ 7;t ~

VI du

O!;(G

13 ;;$: C: It ' ;:t l'i , ~ Ij: VJ fk t:.'o

-Neu noi d~n Nhat ban thl nhat dinh phai k~ d~n hoa Anh Dao.

-Itt,." t..,~ ,;:Iv:!

-tltJf.~ S: t.A.YJ.O)lb.'5 :A*,~'Y C: v';:tI:C ~Ij: I') -Jj-7 jJ~tf.o

-N~u noi dSn mon th€ thao diroc yeu thich nh~t tren thS gioi, thl nhAt dinh phai la

bong da~

i\I>?~"

ABBA C: v';:t l'i, ~Ij: I') Dancing Queen n~~ ~ t=.o

-N~u nhac d~n ban nhac ABBA thl nh~t dinh k~ dSn bai hat Dancing Queen.

Ji.1v~?

o '/7 0) ::t~ c!:: It';:t l'i, ~ ~j: VJ f- Iv A f- -( tr;

-Neu noi dSn van h9C Nga thi phai k~ d~n Levtonstoi.

Ii.., ~ J; < l:flv-:>J:. L;r,< ;t

At..Ji1Ji ~-::m:~~v ,t 0) C: v';:t l't, ~Ij: I') B 1m ~:to v' -c I1n";:::: Ij: f.t, v '0

-N~u noi d~n loai khoe nh~t Bac Cue thi nhfit dinh phai lit Ioai G~u Trang,