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SYSTEM
AGENDA
Introduction to Lightning
Thunderstorm Days per Year
Worldwide isokeraunic levels
Lightning in Malaysia
Incidents & Tragedies
Our Specialties
Faraday Cage LPS Solution
Surge Protection System Solution
INTRODUCTION TO LIGHTNING
WORLDWIDE ISOKERAUNIC LEVELS
THUNDERSTORM DAYS PER YEAR
Comparative Statistic
Argentina 30-80
Brazil 40-200
Hong Kong 90-100
Indonesia 180-260
Malaysia 180-300
Singapore 160-220
Thailand 90-200
Kuantan (208)
Kuala Lumpur (280) Temerloh (185)
Subang (240)
Muadzam Shah(181)
Petaling Jaya (192)
Mersing (238)
Melaka (265)
Kluang (211)
Senai (185)
• A natural discharge of
electrical current
• between a cloud and the
ground or within a cloud
• short duration and high
voltage
• Can reach several
millions of volts
WHEN DOES LIGHTNING SRIKE?
CATEGORIES OF LIGHTNING EFFECT
r
r1=50m
dr
r2=51m
26
INJURY POSSIBILITIES DUE TO LIGHTNING
Touch Step
1 2 Side Flash 3 Potential
Potential
B C
A
V1
V2
V3
V4
WHAT IS SURGE ?
WHAT IS SURGE ?
A sudden increase
amplitude from normal
operating level
Microsecond activities
Can reach several
thousands of volts
Transient overvoltages
SOURCE OF SURGES
Externally Induced
• Lightning
Internally Induced
• Power line switching
• Large motors/inductive load -- turned off/on
• Electro-magnetic Interference/Radio Frequency
Interference
• Short circuits
• Fault/Fuse clearing
POSSIBLE SOURCES OF SURGES
Thunder Cloud Thunder Cloud
1
Tree
Lightning Arrestor
Lightning Arrestor
Lightning Down
Conductor
3
CCTV
Elect /Tel Elect sub-station
Telephone set transmission tower /Tel Cabinet
Modem /Hub PABX
Data /Tel DP
/Tel point
Elect
Computer DB
6
4
Plasma TV 2
Socket outlet
Telephone/Data Line
Lightning Strike
Ground Potential
Power Line
A surge has damaged this communication card; note that the two MOV surge
diverters (green disc's) have not prevented it. Surge protection installed before
the unit may have stopped the spike getting this far.
DAMAGE TO CONNECTOR
A piece has been blown from this IC, IC stressed by surge voltage!
but nothing else appears damaged
IMPACT TO ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Disruptions
Degradation
Damages
3D
NEEDS FOR PROTECTION
ELECTRIFIED DOUBLE TRACK
NEEDS STATEMENT
b) Transient EMI
UNCONVENTIONAL
Radioactive Air Terminal
Early Streamer Emission (ESE)
LPS Dissipative Array System (DAS)
Semiconductor Lightning Eliminator
(SLE)
CONVENTIONAL
Franklin Rod
Faraday Cage
UNCONVENTIONAL LPS
Radioactive Air Terminal
BEFORE
Picture taken in 1998 soon after
the ESE was installed.
AFTER
Picture taken in 2001 after the
building struck by lightning.
The building facade damaged by lightning (circled) even with ESE (arrowed)
installed.
STADIUM TERENGGANU
IKM MUAR
MAHA SERDANG
SURGE PROTECTION SOLUTION
(SURGE PROTECTION SYSTEM)
Increase Of Surge Risks
THEN…
BIG, MECHANICAL
EQUIPMENT
NOW…MICRO MINIATURIZATION
ELECTRONIC EQUIMENT
Increase Of Surge Risks
MJCSB
SURGE PROTECTION DESIGN
Equipment
Hut
7 Modules 3 + 1 Modules
1) Protection between Live - Neutral, Live – 1) Protection only between Live – Neutral &
Earth & Neutral – Earth Neutral – Earth Only
2) All MOV operates on its own rating 2) The neutral to earth protection have more
burden as all current will pass through this
MOV irrespective of surge entrance and
may damage faster
3) Longer life cycle since more path for surge 3) Less path for discharge current and
to travel to earth weakest point at Neutral to Earth makes it
life cycle shorter
SINGLE VS MULTIPLE VARISTOR
MONOBLOCK TYPE Vs MODULAR TYPE
MODULAR TYPE
MONOBLOCK TYPE
MONOBLOCK TYPE Vs MODULAR TYPE (cont.)
Technical Comparison
Monoblock Type Modular type
1) Lower Impedance since most contact are 1) Higher Impedance since there are many
soldered & permanent mechanical contact
3) There is only one unit and the indicator 3) When one module is damaged the whole
shows the exact status i.e. good or unit has to be replaces as well to avoid
damaged more sparking.
SURGE PROTECTION DESIGN
Equipment
Hut
1.0
V(t)/Vp
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
1 phase DB 1 phase DB
20kA Let-trough 20kA Let-trough
3 phase MSB 3 phase SSB
DB voltage 1kV DB voltage 1kV
40kA Let-trough
80kA Let-trough
internal internal
voltage 3kV voltage 1.5kV
MSB SSB DB 3 phase DB 3 phase SSB
DB 3 phase DB
20kA Let-trough 40kA Let-trough SSB
internal internal 20kA Let-trough
voltage 1kV voltage 1.5kV internal
TNB U/G voltage 1kV
INCOMING
External (underground cable) External (underground cable)
1 phase DB
DB 40kA Let-trough
voltage 1.5kV
External (underground cable)
NEAREST SSB
MDF FOR MDF FOR
LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL
Sub Switch EXTENSION INCOMING
MDF MDF MDF
Board LINE CO LINE
PSPD
DSPD DSPD
AC
OUTLET IT ROOM
RECTIFIER
Legend DSPD
modem
PSPD POWER SURGE PROTECTION DEVICE
100 SERIES 200 SERIES 300 SERIES 400 SERIES 500 SERIES
SPD/33
SPD/33
SPD/33
SPD/33
SPD/33
SPD/33
SPD/33
SPD/33
SPD/33
SPD/33
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
OUTGOING TO SMOKE OUTGOING TO SMOKE OUTGOING TO SMOKE OUTGOING TO SMOKE OUTGOING TO SMOKE
DETECTOR DEVICES DETECTOR DEVICES DETECTOR DEVICES DETECTOR DEVICES DETECTOR DEVICES
600 SERIES
SSPD
SPD/33
SPD/33
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5
OUTGOING TO SMOKE
DETECTOR DEVICES
SSPD
OUTGOING TO SMOKE OUTGOING TO SMOKE
SPD/5
SPD/5
SPD/5 DETECTOR DEVICES DETECTOR DEVICES
SPD/5
MASTER ALARM PANEL ( BOMBA COMPUTERISED MONITORING DEVICE,
ADDRESSABLE ANALOGUE FIRE ALARM PANEL, PUMPS & OTHER STATUS INDICATION )
SPD/33
SPD/33
SPD/33
SPD/33
SSPD Series surge protection for protection of 240Vac power supply line
Data line surge protector for use in 5VDC communication/network line
SPD/5
(note: various operating model available for different operating voltage)
SSPD
SPD/33 Data line surge protector for use in 33VAC zone line with load up to 2A SSPD
(note: various operating model available for different operating voltage) 800 SERIES
TYPICAL SURGE PROTECTION FOR CCTV SYSTEM
VDP
SPD
PAN/TILT SSPD/5 CONTROL ROOM
POWER
DB VDP
PSPD SPD
32A PAN/TILT
HRC FUSE SSPD/5
VDP VDP
SPD
PAN/TILT SPD
SSPD/5 VDP
VDP QUAD UNIT VDP VDP
VDP SPD
VDP SWITCHER & PAN/TILT
SSPD/10 CONTROLLER SSPD/5
SPD VDP
PAN/TILT AC
SSPD/5 OUTLET
NORMAL CAMERA
VDP
SPD
VPD VPD SSPD/5 PAN/TILT
SPD
PAN/TILT SSPD/5 SSPD/5
Legend
Power Power
PSPD PSPD
Supply Supply
Hub Hub
DSPD DSPD
Printer
Server
PSPD PSPD
MIDDLE-STREAM END
SURGE PROTECTION SURGE
UP-STREAM DOWN-STREAM
PROTECTION
SURGE PROTECTION SURGE PROTECTION
EQUIPMENTS:
•ELECTRICAL &
ELECTRONICS
DEVICES/LINES
•TELECOMMUNIC-
ATIONS/SIGNALS
DEVICES/LINES
•MONITORING
DEVICES/LINES
PROTECTION FOR POWER SUPPLY
(ELECTRICAL)
UP-STREAM SURGE
For the up-stream surge protection which
PROTECTION attached to the main MSB or incoming
supply with Higher Rated SPD – 80kA.
Descriptions:
•Three Phase – Power Surge Protector
Device (SPD)
•Withstand Surge Current of 80kA per
phase (L-N),(L-E),(N-E)
•Model: PSP1-80415
MIDDLE-STREAM
SURGE
PROTECTION
Descriptions:
•Three Phase – Power Surge Protector •LED Indicator – for condition/indication
Device (SPD)
•Withstand Surge Current of 40kA per of SPD operation.
phase (L-N),(L-E),(N-E) •Specification: Single (1)-Phase
•Model: PSP1-40240@ PSP1-20240 Live (L) indicator
Neutral (N)
PROTECTION FOR POWER SUPPLY
(ELECTRICAL)
END
SURGE
PROTECTION
LOW VOLTAGE
DEVICE
This can be considered as the protection in term of protecting the equipment itself
which may be exposed directly or indirectly to the lightning attack. This usually the
equipment that related to the Fire Alarm System, CCTVs system, Electronic Device
for Signaling System in BORF.
MURPHY OIL BINTULU ONSHORE
RECEIVING FACILTIES (BORF)
SUPPLY, DELIVER, INSTALL,TEST AND COMMISIONING OF EARTHING,
LIGHTNING AND SURGE PROTECTION SYSTEM AT BINTULU ONSHORE
RECEIVING FACILITY (BORF), SARAWAK.
102
PROTECTION FOR TELECOMMUNICATION
SIGNALING
SYSTEM
Lightning Surge
Protector Device for
Data Line Networking
System :
DLNS1- 1 8/8 (RJ 45)
•DLNS1-
TELEPHONE LINES
SYSTEM
Telephone Line Surge
Protector Device:
•TLSP1- 10
•TLSP1- 01
This can be considered as the protection in term of the telephone lines protection of
the telephone systems which mostly important in this BORF. This must be done
because, BORF is totally having telecommunication with the Central Control Room
(CCR) on Platform(Offshore base) for operation in their field (oil and gas).
PROTECTION FOR TELECOMMUNICATION
CCTVs SYSTEM
PAGA SYSTEM
This can be considered as the protection in term of the safety and monitoring for
service/operation/maintenance controls.
MURPHY OIL BINTULU ONSHORE
RECEIVING FACILTIES (BORF)
Other Installation that had been done in
Bintulu Onshore Receiving Facilities (BORF)
MURPHY OIL BINTULU ONSHORE
RECEIVING FACILTIES (BORF)
Other Installation that had been done in
Bintulu Onshore Receiving Facilities (BORF)
PETRONAS SERVICE STATION (PSS)
@
PETRONAS PETROL PUMP STATION
SUPPLY, DELIVER, INSTALL,TEST AND COMMISIONING OF SURGE
PROTECTION SYSTEM AT PETRONAS PETROL PUMP, MALAYSIA
109
SUPPLY, DELIVER, INSTALL,TEST AND COMMISIONING OF SURGE
PROTECTION SYSTEM AT PETRONAS PETROL PUMP, MALAYSIA
110
SUPPLY, DELIVER, INSTALL,TEST AND COMMISIONING OF SURGE
PROTECTION SYSTEM AT PETRONAS PETROL PUMP, MALAYSIA
111
PROTECTION FOR POWER SUPPLY
(ELECTRICAL)
SIGNALING
SYSTEM
SIGNALING
SYSTEM
Protection for the signaling system that
control the petrol pump which connected
through the control system in the counter
post.
PROTECTION FOR TELECOMMUNICATION
FIRE ALARM
SYSTEM
CCTVs
SYSTEM
LRT
PROTECTION FOR POWER SUPPLY
(ELECTRICAL)
SIGNALING
SYSTEM
COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
CCTVs
SYSTEM
SIGNALING
Protection for the signaling system
SYSTEM which control the cable car system that
lead the command for the cable car to
stop or move.
PROTECTION FOR TELECOMMUNICATION
CCTVs
SYSTEM