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  • A Tale of Internal Displacement: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Among School Students in Swat, Pakistan

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    Nasir Ahmad
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    Objectives: To find the occurrence of PTSD among secondary school students of District Swat and to measure the relationship of PTSD and academic achievement of students. Methodology: This descriptive study comprised of 25 boys and girls high schools destroyed during militancy and military operation in District Swat. The sample consisted of 941 students comprising of 573 male and 368 female studentst. Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) was used to measure PTSD. Results: Female students developed higher PTSD as compared to male students. Most of the displaced and non-displaced students were highly affected and they developed equal amount of PTSD. PTSD had inverse correlation with the academic achievement of female and Non-displaced students. Conclusions: Female students developed higher PTSD and it has inverse correlation with the academic achievement of students. Key words: PTSD, academic achievement, internal displacement, secondary schools, militancy in Swat.

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    A tale of internal displacement: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among school students in Swat, Pakistan

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    Objectives: To find the occurrence of PTSD among secondary school students of District Swat and to measure the relationship of PTSD and academic achievement of students. Methodology: This descriptive study comprised of 25 boys and girls high schools destroyed during militancy and military operation in District Swat. The sample consisted of 941 students comprising of 573 male and 368 female studentst. Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) was used to measure PTSD. Results: Female students developed higher PTSD as compared to male students. Most of the displaced and non-displaced students were highly affected and they developed equal amount of PTSD. PTSD had inverse correlation with the academic achievement of female and Non-displaced students. Conclusions: Female students developed higher PTSD and it has inverse correlation with the academic achievement of students. Key words: PTSD, academic achievement, internal displacement, secondary schools, militancy in Swat.

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    11 visualizzazioni4 pagine

    A Tale of Internal Displacement: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Among School Students in Swat, Pakistan

    Caricato da

    Nasir Ahmad
    Objectives: To find the occurrence of PTSD among secondary school students of District Swat and to measure the relationship of PTSD and academic achievement of students. Methodology: This descriptive study comprised of 25 boys and girls high schools destroyed during militancy and military operation in District Swat. The sample consisted of 941 students comprising of 573 male and 368 female studentst. Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) was used to measure PTSD. Results: Female students developed higher PTSD as compared to male students. Most of the displaced and non-displaced students were highly affected and they developed equal amount of PTSD. PTSD had inverse correlation with the academic achievement of female and Non-displaced students. Conclusions: Female students developed higher PTSD and it has inverse correlation with the academic achievement of students. Key words: PTSD, academic achievement, internal displacement, secondary schools, militancy in Swat.

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    al Article A tale of internal placement: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among school students in Swat, Pakistan Nasir Ahmad, Sajjad Hussain, Nargis Munir Center for Education and Staff Training, University of Swat and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan Objectives: To find the occurrence of PTSD among secondary school students of District Swat and to measure the relationship of PTSD and academic achievement of students. Methodology: This descriptive study comprised of 25 boys and girls high schools destroyed during militancy and military operation in District Swat. The sample consisted of 941 students comprising 0f 573 male and 368 female studentst. Child PTSD ‘Symptom Scale (CPSS) was used to measure PTSD. Results: Female students developed higher PTSD as compared to male students. Most of the displaced and non-displaced students were highly affected and they developed equal amount of PTSD. PTSD had inverse correlation with the academic achievement of female and Non- displaced students. Conclusions: Female students developed higher PTSD and it has inverse correlation with the academic achievement of students. (Rawal Med J 201;43:511-514), Key words: PTSD, academic achievement, internal displacement, secondary schools, militancy in Swat. INTRODUCTION ‘Swat is a beautiful mountainous valley in the North West of Pakistan, In 2009 the valley witnessed blasts of police stations, power stations, hotels, hospitals and schools by the terrorists. All these situations lead towards a huge internal displacement of the people of the valley, which significantly affected their lives. Internal displacement is the most crucial humanitarian problem that the people faced in different places of the world. Five million people have been displaced in the North-West of Pakistan since 2004, During this period, 175 educational institutions including primary and secondary schools of boys and girls were destroyed, Twenty- five girls and boys high schools were complet destroyed and some more were partially damage As a result of these traumatic events, the school ‘going children faced different calamities in term of psychological injuries. Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common psychological injuries that the survivors of man-made and natural disasters faced. ‘Terrorist attacks have shocking consequences in the form of distress and PTSD. Fifty percent of Kuwaiti children developed PTSD after the Gulf crises. 511 Similarly, in Guatemala the prevalence of PTSD rangeed from 32% to 52% in the internal armed conflict. Young people who were exposed to man- made violence developed PTSD in 27% to 100% range. Educationists and psychologists have concluded that students who are physically and mentally stable can perform better as compared to those who are facing mental health issues such as depression, anxiety and stress. Psychological problems can lead to academic problems, which can affect the academic achievement of students. They result in difficulties in concentration, lack of motivation, lack of interest and poor attendance and affect students’ achievement. In July 2009, the displaced people of ‘Swat retumed to their homes in different phases. The students started their schooling in destroyed buildings, mostly in tents. The aim of the study was to find PTSD among secondary school students of District Swat due to internal displacement and to ascertain its relationship with academic achievement of these students after three years. METHODOLOGY ‘The population of the study was comprised of all Rawal Medical Journal: Vol. 43. No. 3, July-Sept. 2018 Atale of internal displacement students of 25 boys’ and girls’ high schools destroyed during militancy. The sample consisted of 941 students comprising of 573 male and 368 female students randomly selected from 11 boy high schools and 10 girl high schools (Table 1). This study was carried out from September 2012 to July 2013. Table 1. Sample size of Government boys and girls high schools of District Swat. of avoidance and 443 (47.1%) developed symptoms of hyper arousal. Female students developed sever PTSD as compared to male students (Table 2). Sixty seven (9.4%) displaced and (19) 8.3% un-displaced students reported the symptoms of re-experiencing 318 (44.7%) displaced and 94 (41.0%) un-displace students developed symptoms of avoidance and 327 (43.9%) displaced and 116 (50.7%) non-displaced developed symptoms of hyper arousal (Table 3) Boys Schools Girls schools | Tyble2, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among students. GHS ONE 38 |GGHSONE | 00 Tmpact_[Number]P [Mal Female Gis TWO 45 |ccustTwo | 39 Reexpenences | 086 | 01 [20419 | 05 4% GHS THREE 90 — |ccus 56 Avoidance 412 [438 [515 65.3%) | 05 O58) GHS FOUR, 76 (THREE 42 Hyper Arousal | 443 [47.1 [ 176 G05) [268 (72.85) GHS FIVE as lccHsrour| 21 Tota 941 | 100 [375 coo | 368 (100%) Gus six 53. |ocusrive | 32 i i i Ko ‘Table 3. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among displaced Guseicit ‘21 ecussevexy 40 | amdamdinaced students GHS NINE 57 |cGHSEIGHT| 18 Impect Displaced | Un-Displaced rE a Rezxperiencing 10.4%) 19 (8.5%) GHs TE 42 |GGHS NINE | 37 Avoidance: B18 (44 7%) 34 (81.0%) GHS EL 47_|GGHS TEN’ Hyper axousal 327 45.9%) | 116 (50.7%) Total__| 573 368 Total 712 (00%) 229 100%) To measure PTSD, the Urdu version of Child PTSD. Symptom Scale (CPSS) was used. The scale has 24 items and includes two parts; the first has 17 items and measures the type and frequency of PTSD symptoms (mapping directly on to DSM-IV criteria), while the second has 7 items and measures, the degree of functional impairment these symptoms cause." In order to validate the instrument locally, pilot testing was carried out and scale was administered to 139 male and female students, who were randomly selected from two boys and two girls' high schools. Cronbach alpha was applied to measure the internal consistency of the scale. The Cronbach alpha coefficient for Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) was 0.74, which illustrates that the scale is, highly consistent in measure the stress of the respondents. To collect data, we visited the selected schools and the scale was administered to 941 students. RESULTS Out of 941 students, 86 (9.1%) reported symptoms of re-experiencing, 412 (43.8%) reported symptoms, 512 Table 4. Mean differences in PTSD Gender- displaced and Un-displaced Variable M [SD[ M[sp[ + |? PTSD (Gender-wise)[37.09]11.21[41.61[11.88|72.42[ 000 PTSD (Disp/Uindisp) [40.54]12 50] 41.66] 11.68 1.839] 03 *P

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