Manufacturing

Machines

Assignment

BY: Tanishq Tyagi

42413303615
MAE – 4B
AIM: To study various parts of a lathe machine.

Machine Tool Used: Lathe Machine

Cutting Tools Used: NIL

Working Principle: The lathe is a machine tool which holds the

work piece between two rigid and strong supports called
centers or in a chuck or face plate which revolves. The cutting
tool is rigidly held and supported in a tool post which is fed
against the revolving work. The normal cutting operations are
performed with the cutting tool fed either parallel or at right
angles to the axis of the work. The cutting tool may also be fed
at an angle relative to the axis of work for machining tapers and
angles. Lathe removes undesired material from a rotating work
piece in the form of chips with the help of a tool which is
traversed across the work and can be fed deep in work. Lathe
machine holds the work piece between two rigid and strong
supports called Centers or in a chuck or Face plate while the
latter revolves. The chuck or the face plate is mounted on the
projected end of the machine spindle. The cutting tool is rigidly
held and supported in a tool post and is fed against the
revolving work. While the work revolves about its own axis the
tool is made to move either parallel to or at an inclination with
this axis to cut the desired material. In doing so it produces a
cylindrical surface, if it is fed parallel to the axis or will
produced a Tapered surface if it is fed at an inclination.

DIFFERENT PARTS OF LATHE MACHINE

BED

The bed of Lathe acts as the base on which the different fixed
and operations parts of the Lathe are mounted. Lathe beds are
usually made as single piece casting of semi-steel (i.e.,
toughened cast iron),
with the addition of small quantity of steel scrap to the cast
iron during melting; the material ‘cast iron’ facilitating an easy
sliding action. In case of extremely large machines, the bed may
be in two or more pieces, bolted together to from the desired
length. Lathe Bed are heavy rigid structure which is having high
damping capacity for the vibrations generated by machines
during machining. The rigid structure will helps to avoid
deflections. The guides and ways which are present on the top
of the bed will act as rails and supports other parts like tail
stock. The bed will be designed in such a way that easily bolted
to the floor of the machine shop.

Head stock

The head stock is the part of the lathe which serves as a

housing for the driving pulleys and back gears, provides bearing
for the machine spindle and keeps the latter in alignment with
the bed. It is a fixed part which will present on the left side of
the lathe bed. Head stock will consists of a hollow spindle and
drives unit like main spindle, feed reverse lever, live center
cone pulley etc., The tapered bar with pointed or projected end
is going to grip the work piece between two centers of lathe
bed.

Tail stock

It is also sometimes called the LOOSE HEAD- STOCK or PUPPET

HEAD. It is mounted on the bed of the lathe such that it is
capable of sliding along the latter maintaining its alignment
with the head stock. On common types of medium size or small
size lathes it is moved along the bed by hand, whereas in
heavier types of lathes it is moved by means of a hand wheel
through a pinion which meshes with the rack provided on the
front of the lathe bed. The main function of the Tail stock is to
 provide bearing and support to the job which is being worked
between centers. To enable this, the tail stock is made to
possess a number of parts which collectively help in its
successful function.

Carriage

The lathe carriage serves the purpose of supporting, guiding

and feeding the tool against the job during the operation of the
lathe. The carriage will present between head stock and tail
stock which will slides on the bed ways of the lathe bed. The
carriage will give feed to the tool and it holds the tool, for taper
turning the feed is cross feed, for turning it is longitudinal feed.
The carriage consists of the following parts.

1. saddle
2. cross-slide
3. compound Rest
4. Tool post
5. Apron

 Saddle

It is the part of the carriage which slides along the bed way and
support the Cross-slide, compound rest and Tool post.

 Cross-slide

The cross-slide function is to provide cutting action to the tool

and the action of cutting tool will be perpendicular to center
line of lathe. It can either be operated by hand, by means of the
 cross-feed screw, or may be given power feed through the
Apron Mechanism.

 Compound Rest

The compound Rest will be placed over the cross slide and it
consists of a graduated circular base which is having swiveling
nature.

 Tool post

It is the top most part of the carriage and is used for holding
the tool or tool holder in position.

 Apron

Apron houses the feed mechanism, clutch mechanism split half

nut, gears, leavers, and the apron wheel can be rotated by hand
for longitudinal motion of the carriage.
 Legs

They are the supports which carry the entire load of the
machine over them. The prevailing practice is to use cast legs.
Both the legs are firmly secured to the floor by means of
foundation blots in order to prevent vibrations in the machine.
One of these legs, usually the one on the left hand side of the
operator, serves as housing for the electric motor and counter
shaft etc., and both these legs should be of robust construction.

Result: Various parts of lathe machine are studied successfully.