FOR UTP-GEOSCIENCES

UNDERGRADUATE USE ONLY.

NOT FOR REDISTRIBUTION.

QBB4014
May 2018

Week 4 – Play Types & Risk

In Geological Risking PETROLEUM SYSTEM
few basics to consider:
Elements Process
Academic model Source Rock Generation
fundamentals Reservoir Rock Accumulation
Seal Rock Preservation
Trap Timing
Md Yazid Mansor
UTP – FGPE September 2013 Migration Route Migration

Industry model dynamics

 FOR UTP-GEOSCIENCES
PETROLEUM SYSTEMS GEOLOGICAL EVENTS CHART UNDERGRADUATE USE ONLY.
NOT FOR REDISTRIBUTION.
Ordu-Rize Rift Basin – May 2018 PBEv Prospect Evaluation
Mansor, M.Y.
P.Geol.#711
BOG M’sia

Geological
Time Scale

Petroleum System Plays

Source Rock Element

Maturity / Primary Migration

Reservoir Element
Seal Unit / Overburden

Trap Formation Timing

Secondary Migration
Preservation Breach Risk

Shallow Play
Middle Play
DeeP Play
OP Play

Critical Moments
Notes: 1) Source Rock Model Diagenetic Stages from Vr/Temperature (modified from Jurassic Kimmeridge Shales, UK, Ian West 2013) :
<0.45%/<55degC Biogenic Methane Diagenesis, 0.45-0.55%/55-60degC Very Early Heavy Oil Catagenesis, 0.55-0.65%/60-80degC Early Oil Catagenesis, 0.65-0.80%/80-90degC Early Light Oil Catagenesis,
0.85-1.10%/90-120degC Peak Light Oil Catagenesis, 1.10-1.25%/120-130degC Late Light Oil Catagenesis, 1.25-1.50%/130-140degC Moderate Thermogenic Gas Catagenesis, 1.50-2.00%/140-150deg C Dominant Thermogenic Gas Catagenesis,
2.00-2.50%/>150degC Predominantly Thermogenic Dry Gas Metagenesis, >2.5%/>200degC Post Mature Metagenesis.
2) Reservoirs lithology are considered economical; gross thickness exceeding 30m, N/G >30%, Porosity >8%, Permability > 10 mD.
3) Traps, require reservoir with thick shale seal pair, are formed through upper crust structural or gravity tectonics, as well as stratigraphic facies changes. A minimum, low trap relief is approx. 50m; up to 100m is moderate, >150m is high relief.
4) Effective trap formation timing to preceed HC migration for 100% drainage capture rate; synchronous with peak expulsion for 85% capture; slightly late timing for 70% capture; and very late timing for 50% capture estimate.
5) Critical Moment is defined the time of highest probability for entrapment formation and preservation of hydrocarbons in petroleum traps, with respect to HC generation, secondary migration and final accumulation, or later trap breach.
 MYM UTP FGPE OCT 2017
SOURCE ROCK:
Adapted from
mhnederlof.nl/petroleumsystem.html

Adapted from Crain’s

Petrophysical Handbook

Adapted from Origin of Petroleum: Results of AAPG 2005 Research Conference

6
Adapted from Terragen Energy Resources
 MYM UTP FGPE OCT 2017
SOURCE ROCK
After Edegbai, Joel.

After AAPG Bulletin: GeoscienceWorld

After geothermenergyconsultants.com
Modified fter Pearson (1984)

Burial History Chart Hydrocarbon Genesis

After oilandgasgeology.com

Adapted from Crain’s 7

Petrophysical Handbook
 MYM UTP FGPE OCT 2017
RESERVOIR DISTRIBUTION: eg. SILICICLASTICS DELTAICS
 MYM UTP FGPE OCT 2017
TRAP STYLE & TIMING : Structural & Stratigraphic
 MYM UTP FGPE OCT 2017

After Petroleum Geology Forums, 2017

SALT TECTONICS

After Netwas Group, 2017

 MYM UTP FGPE OCT 2017
TRAP STYLE & TIMING: REEFAL PLAYTYPE
MIGRATION-PRESERVATION : Importance of Trap Integrity post-hc accumulation
MYM UTP FGPE OCT 2017

12
VARIATIONS IN GENERATING
PROBABILITY OF GEOLOGICAL SUCCESS (Pg)
WITHIN INDUSTRY

PROSPECT RANKING IN HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION:

TECHNO-COMMERCIAL & ACCESSIBILITY REALITIES
MYM UTP FGPE DEC 2013
 CONCEPT IN DERIVING PROSPECT, Pg

GEOLOGICAL SUB-ELEMENTS PROBABILITY

PRESENCE EFFECTIVENESS Sub-Pg

Source Rock Generation Volume Expulsion A

Reservoir Depo. Process Poro-perm B

Play-Geochronology Trap Style-Relief Events Timing C

Migration-Trap Retention Relative Location Retention D

Prospect Geological Probability (Pg) ABCD

Play Probability ABC
Petroleum System Probability AB
 FOR UTP-GEOSCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE USE ONLY.
NOT FOR REDISTRIBUTION.

PROSPECTS:
GEOLOGICAL BASIN AERIAL MODEL OF PROSPECTS
PET SYS WITHIN PLAYTYPES,
PLAY
WITHIN PETROLEUM SYSTEMS,
PETROLEUM WITHIN GEOLOGICAL BASINS
SYSTEM MYM PMU 2005
PLAY
PLAY
(2)
(1)

PROSPECT

RESERVOIR
SOURCE ROCK (facies &
(charge model) poroperm
RISKING model)
HYDROCARBON-TRAPPING PROSPECT:
PROSPECT
PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE (chance, Pg)

Prospect Pg = ScR x RvR x PTm x MRt MIGRATION-

PLAY-TIMING RETENTION
or (geometric & (trap integrity &
geochronology) migration model)
AnBnCnD
 FOR UTP-GEOSCIENCES
UNDERGRADUATE USE ONLY.
NOT FOR REDISTRIBUTION.

Linear Exploration Failure and Exploration Success Case with

Cumulative Log Probability of Prospective Recovery size distribution
(an example)

POS at mean

Pg anchor value

Chart after Peter Rose in AAPG Methods in Exploration Series, No. 12 in 2001
PROSPECT RISKING DYNAMICS: Key Applied Sciences Required
Geochemistry & petroleum systems
Geological Depositional System & Subsurface Mapping
Geophysical Seismic imaging/attributes
Structural Geology tectono-stratigraphy
Sequence Stratigraphy & Depositional Systems Tract
Geopressures, Fluid Behaviour & Trap Integrity
Petrophysics & Subsurface Tests
Volumetrics & Uncertainty Range

Prospect Subsurface Judgement:

RISKING is about presence or absence

&
UNCERTAINTY is about magnitude variation