TEFO3 ASSESSMENT 1

DUE DATE: 4TH /08/2017

NAME: CARLOS BABU

ID: S11147301
CAMPUS: ST. NICHOLAS COLLEGE
 ANSWERS

1) Environmental engineering is are engineering that concerned with protecting the

environment by assessing the impacts a project has on the air, water, soil and noise
levels in its vicinity.

2) - Removing problems caused by past activity, such as cleaning contaminated

industrial land so it can be used for housing.

- Predict what problems may be caused by accidents such as oil spills.

- Assess what may cause problems for the environment in the long term.
- Work with government department or private sector with resources processing
companies as consulting engineers.

3)
i. ‘Material strong’
- Engineers have to determine the strength of materials in tension in order for the
correct selection of a materials for a given application. Example; engineer used iron
to build bridge, wharf etc…..
ii. ‘Conductivity of Materials’
- Conductivity of materials is also an important property of materials which normally
referred to as how materials conduct electricity. Engineers have to classify which
materials is a good and a poor conductor.
iii. ‘Chemical properties’
- The main concern to an engineer is the materials chemical stability when it contact
with the environment. The chemical stability is the materials ability to resists
corrosion or rust. Therefore engineer’s concern is how to overcome such problems.

4)
- One major problem is ‘corrosion’, due to metals parts such as roofing iron etc….
Two ways of overcoming these problems.
I. Using non – corrosive metal like aluminium, plastics.
II. Painting and oiling of moving parts.

5)
- The major difference between Density and Specific gravity is that gravity is a
measure of mass per unit of volume. It is related to the atomic weights of the atoms
or other atomic particles present in the material. But Specific gravity is the ratio of
the gravity of that density of that substance to the density of water which mean
specific gravity of water is equal to 1.
6)

S
t Breaking point
r
e UTS………………………….. d e
s
s
, c Yield point
f
o b Proportionality point
r
c
e
A
p a Elastic limit
p
l
i
e
d
Strain (or Change in Length)

a) Proportionality limit – It is the maximum stress up to which the strain is

directly proportional to stress. It is presented by the point ‘b’ on the diagram.

b) Elastic Limit – It is the maximum stress at which the materials regains its
deformation after removing the load. It is presented by ‘a’ on the diagram.

c) Yield point – Is the stress at which deformation changes from elastic to plastic
behaviour. It is presented by ‘c’ on the diagram.

d) Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) – Is the maximum stress that a materials can
with stand without fracture under tensile load. It also called the maximum stress
or tenacity. It presented by point ‘d’ on the diagram.

e) Breaking point – It is a corresponding stress at which the failure of the

specimen takes places and is presented by point ‘e’ on the diagram.
7)
- The modulus of elasticity also known as Young’s modulus is a materials property
that describes or measure the stiff of materials from the stress strain curve diagram.
If the specimen is loaded within this linear region, the materials will return to its
exact same condition if the load is removed.

8)
TEST
- Tensile test, bend test and cupping test.

REASON
I. Bend test – stretching the flat strap outer surface of materials/metals into ‘U’
shape.
II. Cupping test, because it is useful indication of the quality of the sheet metals used
for deep drawing.
9)
- The engine valve need to be hard and non – ductile. The two tests to be taken
together are hardness test and tensile test. Hardness test would be test its resistance
to bending, scratching, abrasion or cutting.
Tensile test by pulling on metal or iron, well quickly determined how the materials
will react to forces applied in tension. You will find its strength on how much it will
elongate.

10)

11)
- Van der Vaals’ bond are formed from an electrostatic charged in adjacent atoms. It
is present between long – chained molecules in polymers bonding the chains
together. When stretched, the bonds breaks easily causing the materials to deform.

- Hydrogen bond exists in water. Water molecules consists of two oxygen atoms and
one hydrogen atom bonded using a covalent bond. Water molecules have a positive
charge near the hydrogen because of a concentration of electrons. This cause a
negative charge at the other side of the molecules, this distribution of charge cause a
weak bond between water molecules so making the vaporising of water very easy.
12)
 Ionic bonding is a bonding where a metal gives an electrons
to an atom which needs extra electrons. This causes both
atoms to be charged. One has a positive charged (it has more
protons than electrons) and the other a negative charged.
This causes an attraction between the atoms.

 Covalent bonding occurs in ceramics, glass, wood and other

organic materials. When atoms using covalent bonding, the
atoms share electrons in their outer shell creating full shells
for both and also is a very strong bond.

 Metallic bonding instead of sharing electrons between two

atoms, the electrons in the outer shells are shared amongst all
the atoms in a lattice with all the atoms positively charge.
These atoms are attracted to the negatively charged ‘cloud’ of
electrons.