3. Who were local and external players?

And what role did they play in the given case

(based on the problem)?
There are a lot of parties in the presented case and they can be segregated into local and external
players. Their lists along with their roles are presented below:
Local Players:
1) Private Corporation (Gorkha Ayurved Co.): The Gorkha Ayurved Co. is a joint venture
between Nepalese and French investors. The corporation is the protagonist of the case. The case
deals with different issues and concerns faced by the corporation regarding the exports and SPS.
2) Government of Nepal (His Majesty’s Government of Nepal then) and its organs: The
government of Nepal and its following organs are local players in the case:
 Department of Drug Administration (DDA): To begin with, the case states that DDA has
been portrayed an agency that enforces pharmaceutical standards and quality control in Nepal
which was assigned as authority (by government) to deal with the SPS system for ayurvedic
remedies. However, it is shown that DDA was stringent to make GMP mandatory for the
imported drug-related products into Nepal from as early as 2000. Additionally, as a prerequisite
for compliance with SPS, DDA had eventually directed all pharmaceutical manufacturing
companies, and the herbal medicinal producers, to abide by the WHO GMP code by the end of
2006.
 Department of Food Technology and Quality Control (DFTQC): The entity which was
previously named as Central Food Research Laboratory was responsible for enforcing food-
related laws and regulating code of conduct. Moving a step ahead, it was asked to initiate co-
ordination between the government departments and the private sector for the implementation of
the international SPS mechanism. Furthermore, the department consolidated efforts to function
effectively as the SPS national inquiry point by 2004. And the task required the DFTQC to
support Nepalese exporters to meet SPS standard. For the same, the entity implemented risk
assessment mechanism and the pest detection and eradication campaigns, including the strict
quarantine procedures. Also, the entity ensured awareness program of FAO and WHO quality
and sanitary systems and its application to attain GMP standards.

External Players:
1. Importer: The major importer in the case is the Swedish importer. It has a significant role to
play to introduce the concern of GMP and SPS to Mr. Tiwari and thereby the case. Secondly, the
Australian (Sydney) based importer has been also mentioned to show the differences in the terms
of consignment and stipulated terms.
2. WTO (WTO and its Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement): It forms the basis
of analysis for the SPS and GMP issues in the case. It talks about how failing to comply with the
agreement would restrict the export and future contract of herbal products.
3. European Union: It has been shown to facilitate the Nepalese government to set up GMP and
SPS certified laboratories and build infrastructure for the same. Thereby supporting Nepal to
export competitive and products complied with these standards.
4. Italian and other consultants: The independent consultants have also been portrayed in the
case, facilitating consulting services for the compliance to the standard of the products.