Mach Cones and Beats

For next time:

Read: Sections 16.1 – 16.3

Homework: Chap 12: P19, P22, P27

Moving source: Doppler Effect
Moving source: Doppler Effect
Moving source: Doppler Effect
Moving source: Doppler Effect
Moving source: Doppler Effect
Moving source: Doppler Effect
Moving source: Doppler Effect
Faster moving source:
Faster moving source:
Faster moving source:
Faster moving source:
Faster moving source:
Faster moving source:
Really fast moving source:
Really fast moving source:
Really fast moving source:
Really fast moving source:
Really fast moving source:
 Really fast moving source:

opp Pressure Front

sin q = hyp
vsound Dt

sin q =
Vsound Dt q
Vsource Dt vsource Dt
1
sin q = Mach #
Mach Cone
You look directly overhead and see a
plane exactly 1 km above the ground
traveling Mach 2. How far will the plane
travel before you hear the sonic boom?

1 km
 VplaneΔt
?
θ
1 km
VsoundΔt
You look directly overhead and see a
plane exactly 1 km above the ground
traveling Mach 2. How far will the plane
travel before you hear the sonic boom?
x
q
1 1 km
sin q = Mach # tan q = x
1 km
1 1 km
sin q = 2 x=
tan 300

q = 300 x = 1.7 km
BEATS
beat period
beat period
BEATS:

• results from interference of two

slightly different frequencies

fbeat= |f2 - f1 |
You are singing along with
Celine Dion on the car radio as
she sings a long steady note.
You know that you are a little off
key because you are hearing
beats at 2 hertz. Which of the
following is true for the
frequency of you voice?

A. You are singing a little too

high.
B. You are singing a little too
low.
C. You can’t tell.
(Ch12, Prob. 23) A guitar string produces
4 beats/second when played
simultaneously with a 250 Hz tuning fork
AND 9 beats/second when played with
the 255 Hz tuning fork. What is the
actual frequency of the guitar string?
You are standing near two cars, A and B, which are
both at rest. Each car has a siren that, when
sounded together, produce beats at a frequency of 4
Hz. Car A now drives away and you hear the beat
frequency increase.
• Will the frequency of the sound you hear from Car A
be higher or lower compared to its rest value while
it is driving away? Explain your reasoning.
• Which of the cars has the siren with the lower
frequency? Explain your reasoning.