HEALTH TEACHING PLAN FOR BONE, JOINT, AND MUSCLE INJURY

Goal: After 3 weeks of nursing intervention, the client will be able to have improved knowledge about first aid on
bone, muscle and joint injuries.

Learning Learning Content Methodol Rationale Resour Evaluat

Objective ogy ces ion
s
A. After • Definition of Muscle cramps: Discussio • Discussion will Time Did the
15 - muscle cramp is an involuntarily and forcibly n allow the nurse Allotm client
minutes contracted muscle that does not relax. When we use be able to ent: 15 identify
of the muscles that can be controlled voluntarily, such as explain freely to mins muscle
discussio those of our arms and legs, they alternately contract the client the cramps
n, the and relax as we move our limbs. contents of the Materi and
client will http://www.medicinenet.com/muscle_cramps/page1.ht topic. als: enumer
be able m Manila ate 6
to Paper, out of
identify • Causes of Muscle Cramps: • Discussing Marker its 10
muscle -Muscle spasms can cause cramps and are usually what muscle causes
cramps brought on by the following: cramp is and its Manpo correctl
and at will enable the wer: y?
least Alcoholism client to Studen
enumera Dehydration understand t Yes?
te 6 out Heavy exercise more about Nurses ____
of its 10 Hypothyroidism muscle cramps. No?
causes. Kidney failure ____
Medications
Muscle fatigue
Metabolic problems
Pregnancy
Reduced levels of magnesium or calcium in the body
http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/003193.htm
 • Ways to Relieve Muscle Cramps:
- Chest Stretch: Clasp your hands behind your back with Demostr
your palms facing up. Pull your hands down and press your ation Was
shoulder blades together. Your chest should stick out. Hold • Demonstr Time the
for 10-20 seconds. You should feel the stretch in your upper Allotm client
ation will
arms and chest.
After 20 allow the ent: able to
minutes client to 20min perfor
of actually s m and
demonstr see and enumer
ation, the better Materi ate
client will understan als: ways
be able d the Heatin on how
to procedure g Pads, to
perform s that or relieve
and - Groin Stretch: Stand with your legs wide apart. Shift your
should be Warm muscle
weight to one side, bending your knee somewhat. Do not let
enumera in a damp cramps
your knee bend beyond your ankle; in other words, you
te ways should be able to look down and still see your toes. You correct cloth ?
on how should feel the stretch in your opposite leg, which remains manner. Manpo
to relieve extended. Both of your feet stay flat on the ground facing • Learning wer: Yes?
muscle forward. Hold for 10-20 seconds, then lean to the other on certain Studen ___
cramps side. t No?
ways to
correctly. relieve Nurses ___
muscle
spasms
will help
the client
to deal if
- Hamstring Stretch: Extend one leg in front of you with the any
foot flexed. Bend your other knee and lean back slightly. instances
Your pelvis should be tilted forward. Keep your upper body such as
upright as you hold the stretch for 10-20 seconds, then this
switch sides.
occurs.
You should feel the stretch up the back of your extended leg
(all the way up your calf and thigh).
NOTE: Your supporting leg may get tired, as you have to
balance your weight on it.

- Hip Stretch: Stand with one foot in front of you and

your weight equally distributed between them. Bend both
knees and lift your back heel off the ground. Bring your
pelvis forward so your back is flat. (You can lean against a
wall or column for balance.)

Hold for 10-20 seconds, then repeat on other side. You

should feel the stretch in the front of the hip and into your
abdomen.

- Thigh Stretch: Hold on to something for balance.

Standing on one leg, grasp the foot of the other leg. Keep
your knee pointing down. Pull up with light pressure. You do
NOT need to pull up all the way to your buttocks. If it feels
uncomfortable or painful, you are putting too much strain
on the knee joint.

Hold your foot behind you for 10-20 seconds, then switch
sides. You should feel the stretch in the front of the thigh.
 - Bring one of your elbows across your body,
towards the opposite shoulder. Use your other
hand to bring your elbow closer to your shoulder.
Hold for 10 to 20 seconds, then switch sides.

Alternate method: raise your arm over your head

and bend your elbow all the way so your hand is
behind your neck. Use your other arm to stabilize
your elbow. Hold for 10-20 seconds, then switch
sides. You should feel either of these stretches in
the back of your arm.

http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/003193.htm

Relieving Muscle Spasms:

There are many ways to relieve muscle spasms

the most popular being massage therapy, Doing
self massage techniques may help relieve the
symptoms as well as getting regular massage.

Stretching to lengthen muscles.

Heating pads/hot compress
 Drink Water
http://www.massageseattle.net/muscle-
spasms.html

B.After • Sprain: A sprain occurs when a trauma to a joint Discussio • It can be Time Was
15 is severe that a ligament is either stretched or n helpful in allotm the
minutes partially or completely torn by the force created explaining the ent: 15 client
of as a joint is twisted or wrenched. topic, makes it minute able to
discussio S/S: rapid onset with swelling, often diffuse, easier, and s define
n, the accompanied by immediate disability and saves time and and its
client will appreciable reluctance to use the injured joint. effort. Resour signs &
be able Reference: Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and • Enables the ces: sympto
to define Children, Vol. 2, 8th Edition, p.1769 client to Picture ms?
sprain & • Strain: A strain is when a muscle becomes distinguish s,
strain overstretched and tears. This painful injury, also difference manila Yes?
and their called a "pulled muscle," can be caused by an between sprain paper, ___
signs & accident, improper use of a muscle, or overuse of and strain. marker No?
symptom a muscle. ___
s. S/S: Pain and difficulty moving the injured muscle
Discolored and bruised skin, Swelling
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/
000042.htm

Discussio
• Basic Principles for managing sprains and other n Time
soft tissue injuries are summarized in the Allotm Was
After 15 acronyms RICE and ICES: • Discussio ent: 15 the
minutes n is more mins client
of R-Rest I-Ice convenient able to
discussio I-Ice C-Compression since Resour identify
n, the C-Compression E-Elevation explaining ces: all the
client will E-Elevation S-Support the principles Picture principl
be able will save time s es for
to Reference: Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and and topic is managi
identify Children, Vol. 2, 8th Edition, p.1770 easy to ng
all of the understand. sprains
basic • Discussio and
principles n of the Basic other
for Principles for soft
managin managing tissue
g sprains sprains and injuries
and other soft ?
other tissue injuries
soft are helpful in Yes?
tissue case it occurs ___
injuries. to someone. No?
___

C. After • A dislocation occurs when extreme force is put Discussio • Discussion aid Time Was
15 on a ligament, allowing the ends of two n in better Allotm the
minutes connected bones to separate. understanding ent: 15 client
of S/S: The following are the most common of the client minute able to
discussio symptoms of a dislocation. Symptoms may because he can s differen
n, the include: ask questions tiate
client will -pain in the injured area about certain Resour dislocat
be able -swelling in the injured area points and this ces: ion
to -difficulty using or moving the injured area in a allows the Manila from
differenti normal manner student nurse Paper, fracture
ate -deformity of the dislocated area to fully explain Marker correctl
dislocatio -warmth, bruising, or redness in the injured area the topic. y?
n from http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibr • Definition of Manpo
fracture ary/orthopaedics/dislocat.html fracture and wer: Yes? -
correctly. • A fracture is a break, usually in a bone. If the dislocation, Studen ___
broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an together with t No?
open or compound fracture. Fractures commonly their signs and Nurses ___
happen because of car accidents, falls or sports symptoms,
injuries. Another cause is osteoporosis, which need to be
causes weakening of the bones. Overuse can discussed in
cause stress fractures, which are very small order for the
cracks in the bone. client be able to
S/S: ymptoms of a fracture are know their
-Out-of-place or misshapen limb or joint differences and
-Swelling, bruising or bleeding how to deal
-Intense pain with them.
-Numbness and tingling Discussio
-Limited mobility or inability to move a limb n Time
After 20 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/fractures.ht Demonst • Discussio allotm
minutes ml ration n allows ent: 20 Was
of • Management of Dislocation: the minute the
discussio Temporary restriction of the joint with a sling or student s client
n and bandage that secures the arm to the chest can nurse to able to
demonstr provide sufficient comfort and immobilization thoroughl Resour discuss
ation, the until medical attention is received. y the ces: and
client will Reference: Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and informatio Manila perfor
be able Children, Vol.2, 8th Edition, p. 1769 n that has paper, m ways
to to be marker on
identify/ If you believe you have dislocated a joint: understoo , dealing
perform d by the banda with
ways on client. ge dislocat
1. Don't delay medical care. Get medical help
dealing • Demonstr ion and
immediately.
with ation is Manpo fracture
dislocatio 2. Don't move the joint. Until you receive help, splint wer: correctl
the affected joint into its fixed position. Don't try to move a
useful in
n and showing Studen y?
dislocated joint or force it back into place. This can damage
fracture the joint and its surrounding muscles, ligaments, nerves or the client t
correctly blood vessels. on how to Nurses Yes?
? put on ___
 3. Put ice on the injured joint. This can help reduce sling or No?
swelling by controlling internal bleeding and the buildup of bandage. ___
fluids in and around the injured joint.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-
dislocation/fa00009
• Management of Fracture:

-Depends on type & location of fracture

For open fractures:

Control bleeding before treatment
Rinse and dress the wound

For open / closed fractures:

Check the breathing
Calm the person

Examine for other injuries

Immobilize the broken wound
Apply ice to reduce pain / swelling
Consult a doctor

DO NOT:
Massage the affected area
Straighten the broken bone
Move without support to broken bone
Move joints above / below the fracture
Give oral liquids / food
http://www.medindia.net/patients/Firstaid-
fracture.htm