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31 July 2018 1
⚫S. K. GARG Sr. Prof. (WORKS)
⚫IRSE 1987 EXAM BATCH
⚫Worked in Central Railways 1989 to 2008
⚫Asst. Engineer at Wardha in Nagpur Division
⚫Divisional Engr(N) in Solapur Division
⚫Senior Divional Engineer(Co) in Mumbai Div
⚫Dy Chief Engr in MTP and at Panvel in
Mumbai area
⚫In Head quarters of Central Railways at CSTM
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Important Functions of Ballast
⚫Resist vertical, lateral and longitudinal forces
⚫Provide resilience and absorb energy
⚫Reduce formation pressure
⚫Facilitate track geometry correction
⚫Facilitate track drainage
⚫Provide voids
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Additional Functions of Ballast
⚫Inhibit vegetation growth
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Requirements of Track Ballast
⚫Tough and wear resistant
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Requirements of Track Ballast
⚫Resist Attrition
⚫Economical in cost
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Track Ballast
Ballast may be subdivided into following
zones:
1. Crib
2. Shoulder
3. Top Ballast
4. Bottom Ballast
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Flakiness Index
⚫The flakiness index of an aggregate is
the percentage by weight of particles in
it whose least dimension (thickness) is
less than three-fifths(60%) of their mean
dimension
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Elongation Index
⚫The elongation index of an aggregate is the
percentage by weight of particles in it whose
greatest dimension (length) is greater than
one and four-fifth times (1.8 times) their mean
dimension
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Ballast Fouling
⚫ Ballast breakdown
1. Handling
2. Tamping/packing
3. Traffic
4. Weathering
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CONTD..
Ballast Fouling
⚫ Fines from subgrade
1. Mud pumping
2. Seepage
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Effects of Fouling
⚫Impedes drainage
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CONTD..
Parameters for determination of
Standard of Ballast
Mechanical parameters
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CONTD..
Parameters for determination of
Standard of Ballast
Chemical parameters:
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DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS
IRS GE – 1 JUNE 2004
⚫ Basic Quality: Ballast should be hard, durable
and as far as possible angular along
edges/corners, free from weathered portions of
parent rock, organic impurities and inorganic
residues.
CONTD..
DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS
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DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS
CONDITIONS FOR SUBMISSION OF
TENDER
⚫ Each tenderer at the time of tendering shall submit
the test report of Impact Value, “Abrasion Value,
Water Absorption Value from approved
laboratories and the list of these Laboratories shall
be mentioned in the tender documents.
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DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS
SAMPLING AND TESTING
⚫ A minimum of 3 samples of ballast for sieve
analysis shall be taken for measurement done on
any particular date even if the numbers of stacks to be
measured are less than three.
⚫ The test viz., determination of Abrasion Value, Impact
Value and Water Absorption should be got done
through approved laboratories or Railway’s own
laboratories (List of these laboratories shall be
mentioned in the tender document).
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DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS
SAMPLING AND TESTING
⚫ Norms to be followed in respect of sampling, testing and
acceptance:
On supply of the first 100 cum, the tests for size gradation,
Abrasion value, Impact value and water absorption (if
prescribed) shall be carried out by Railways.
Further supply shall be accepted only after this ballast satisfies the
specifications for these tests.
Railway reserves the right to terminate the contract as per GCC at
this stage itself in case the ballast supply fails to conform with any
of these specifications.
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CONTD..
DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS
⚫Subsequent tests :
Supply in stack
For stack of For stack volume Supply in
volume less than more than wagons
100cum 100cum
a) Size and
Gradation Tests
CONTD..
DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS
** Sample should be collected using a wooden box
0.3mx0.3mx0.3m from different parts of the
stack/wagon.
@ These tests shall be done for the purpose of monitoring
quality during supply – further supply can be suspended in
case of non-conformation.
• The above tests may be carried out more frequently, if
warranted at the discretion of Railway
⚫ All tests for abrasion value Impact value and water
absorption conducted subsequently to award of contract
shall be done at Railways’ cost.
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IRPWM PROVISIONS REGARDING
BALLAST
⚫PARAS 261 TO 271 IN IRPWM