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Generation:
Photoinjector
3) Escape surface
Φ Overcome Workfunction
Reduction of Φ due to applied
Energy
Iab/I = (1-R)
λe ( E ) λ ph (ν )
T ( E ,ν ) =
1 + λe ( E ) λ ph (ν )
Φ’
Φ’ (eV) = Φ- 3.7947*10-5√E
Yield:
hν + E f
Y (ν ) = I (ν )(1 − R(ν )) ∫ P( E )T ( E ,ν ) D( E )dE
φ +E f
Quantum efficiency:
hν + E f
QE (ν ) = (1 − R(ν )) ∫ P( E )T ( E ,ν ) D( E )dE
φ +E f
100
10
laser: 266nm,15ps
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Laser energy density [mJ/mm2]
Triveni Rao, USPAS 2013, Durham
H Ion Beam Cleaning
Vacuum spatial 18 mJ 2nd Stage Bowtie Amplifier 1st Stage Bowtie Amplifier
-100 mJ pump level @ 532 nm 12 μJ
filtering -100 mJ pump level @ 532 nm
& profile average single pass gain = 6.3 average single pass gain = 7
flattening
UV Pulse Delivery
Pulse 7 mJ UV Conversion 1 mJ to Photocathode
Compression (two crystals) -relay imaged
(uv) - grazing incidence
Courtesy: http://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/lcls/doe_reviews/2002-
Triveni Rao, USPAS 2013, Durham
04/april_2002_talk_finals/bolton_laser_15-apr-2002.ppt#529,4,Slide 4
http://www.bnl.gov/atf/core_capabilities/yaglayout.asp
Medium Vacuum
Interference
Energy distribution of excited e-
Vacuum level 2) Transit to the Surface
e--phonon scattering
Φ e--e- scattering
hν
Random Walk
No States
3) Escape surface
Overcome Workfunction
Energy
Filled States
Medium Vacuum
Triveni Rao, USPAS 2013, Durham
Typical materials :
¾Multi alkali
•K2CsSb, Cs2Te used in RT RF injectors
¾GaAs:Cs used in DC guns
Courtesy: http://www.desy.de/xfel-beam/data/talks/talks/schreiber_-
Triveni Rao, USPAS 2013, Durham
_laser_pulse_issues_20060227.pdf
TTF Laser System: Oscillator
1.2 nC
Time
Courtesy:
Triveni Rao, USPAS 2013, Durham
http://www.jlab.org/intralab/calendar/archive04/erl/talks/WG1/WG1_Shinn_Tue_0830.pdf
Parameter Specification For upgrade
Advantages: Disadvantages:
9 High QE o Sensitive to vacuum
9 Visible wavelength contamination
9 Laser system is o Complicated
feasible for high preparation
current
o Load Lock needed
9 Tested in RT RF
injector
Schematic of the fiber-based laser system. DFB, distributed feedback Bragg reflector
diode laser; ISO, fiber isolator; SRD, step recovery diode; L, lens; PPLN,
periodicallypoled lithium niobate frequency-doubling crystal; DM, dichroic mirror.
Triveni Rao, USPAS 2013, Durham
Courtesy:http://www.jlab.org/accel/inj_group/laser2001/e063501.pdf
Output power of the fiber-based laser system at 780 nm versus input power from the
seeded ErYb-doped fiber amplifier at 1560 nm. Three different seed conditions were
tested; DC and rf-pulsed input at 499 and 1497 MHz
Triveni Rao, USPAS 2013, Durham
Maintaining Spatial Profile
Courtesy:
http://www.bnl.gov/atf/core_capabilities/gun_hutch.asp
Triveni Rao, USPAS 2013, Durham
Timing Synchronization critical for all Laser applications:
¾Electron generation
Reduce emittance
Reduce energy spread
Reduce loss in e Beam transport
¾Electron-Laser Interaction
Maintain Phase relationship between e & laser
Optimize interaction-overlap time
¾Electron diagnostics
Improve resolution
Increase signal/noise
Courtesy:
Triveni Rao, USPAS 2013, Durham
Phase noise of a Laser with stable cavity length and
AOM to control the phase
Triveni Rao, USPAS 2013, Durham
Phase noise of laser w/ Semiconductor saturable absorber mirror
(SESAM) for mode locking and active cavity length control for
phase locking Triveni Rao, USPAS 2013, Durham
The sensitivity of our system was measured
to be 6.5mV/ps. Using this technique, we
have measured the rms timing jitter between
the laser and RF system is 0.5±0.25 ps.
Courtesy: X.J. Wang, I. Ben-Zvi, Proceeding of BIW’96, AIP Conference Proceeding 390
Triveni Rao, USPAS 2013, Durham
(1996) 232-239
Synchronizing Self Excited Cavity
Driver Reflection
(Pulser) Monitor
Multiplier SC
VCXO A2 A3 CAVITY
A1 ×16
(81.25MHz)
MIXER
IF
LP
10 mW Laser
A4
CLX-100