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CS 220: Computer Organisation

Units: 3-0-3-12

Pre-Requisites: ESC101, ESC201

Course Contents:

1. Introduction.
2. Arithmetic algorithms.

a. Overview of basic digital building blocks; truth tables; basic structure of a digital computer.
b. Number representation: Integer - unsigned, signed (sign magnitude, 1’s complement,
2’s complement); Characters - ASCII coding, other coding schemes; Real numbers - xed
and oating point, IEEE754 representation.
c. Basic building blocks for the ALU: Adder, Subtracter, Shifter, Multiplication and division
circuits.

3. Hardware description language. Introduction to some HDL (Verilog, VHDL, BSV). Digital Design
using HDLs.
4. CPU.

a. CPU Sub-block: Datapath - ALU, Registers, Instructions, Execution of Instructions; CPU buses;
Control path - microprogramming, hardwired logic; External interface.
b. Advanced Concepts: Pipelining; Introduction to Advanced Processors (multiprocessors and
multi-cores).
c. Examples of some well known processors.

5. Assembly Language Programming. Instruction set and Assembly programming for some
processor, preferably the one described in class.
6. Memory.

a. Memory Sub-block: Memory organization; Technologies - ROM, RAM, EPROM, Flash, etc.,
Virtual Memories.
b. Cache: Cache algorithms, Cache Hierarchy, Cache coherence protocols.
c. Advanced concepts: Performance, Interleaving, On chip vs O chip Memories/Caches.

7. I/O and Peripherals.

a. I/O Sub-block: I/O techniques - interrupts, polling, DMA; Synchronous vs. Asynchronous I/O;
Controllers.
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b. Peripherals: Keyboard, Mouse, Monitors, Disk drives, etc.

8. Lab Contents.

a. Digital Design using HDLs. Simple circuit designs: For e.g. Counter, Multiplexer, Arithmetic
circuits etc. Design of a Simple Processor: Includes register le, ALU, data paths.
b. FPGA Programming Programming on Xilinx Spartan 3E (or equivalent) FPGA. Handling of
Inputs: through slide switches, through push buttons. Handling of Outputs: 7-segment
display, LED display, LCD display. The designs developed in Part-I can be used to program the
FPGA.
c. Assembly Language Programming Programming in assembly language. The assignments
should cover the following concepts: Registers; di erent type of instructions (load, store,
arithmetic, logic, branch); operand addressing modes; memory addressing modes; conditions
(codes/ ags and conditional branches) stack manipulation; procedure calls; procedure call
conventions (load/store of; arguments on stack, activation records);

Books And References:

1. Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, David A Patterson, John L.
Hennessy, 4th Edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 2009
2. Computer Architecture and Organization by William Stallings, PHI Pvt. Ltd., Eastern Economy
Edition, Sixth Edition, 2003
3. Structured Computer Organization by Andrew S Tanenbaum, PHI/Pearson, 4th Edition
4. Computer Organization by V Carl Hamacher, Zvonks Vranesic, SafeaZaky, McGraw Hill, Vth Edition
5. Computer System Architecture by M Morris Mano, Prentice Hall of India, 2001
6. Computer Architecture and Organization by John P Hayes, 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill, 2002.
7. Assembly Language, Online notes, http://linuxassembly.org/.
8. Books related to HDL (Verilog, VHDL, BSV) programming.

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