2018

2018
World health statistics 2018: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals

ISBN 978-92-4-156558-5

© World Health Organization 2018

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CONTENTS

Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

Part 1
Understanding data in the World Health Statistics series. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Part 2
Status of the health-related SDGs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Infectious diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 Noncommunicable diseases and mental health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.4 Injuries and violence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.5 Universal health coverage and health systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.6 Environmental risks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.7 Health risks and disease outbreaks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Part 3
A broad spectrum of health challenges – selected issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.1 Increasing the coverage of essential health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.2 Cholera – an underreported threat to progress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.3 Turning the rising tide of obesity in the young. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Annex A: Summaries of selected health-related SDG indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Explanatory notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Indicator 3.1.1 Maternal mortality.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Indicator 3.1.2 Skilled birth attendance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Indicators 3.2.1/3.2.2 Child mortality.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Indicator 3.3.1 HIV incidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Indicator 3.3.2 Tuberculosis incidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Indicator 3.3.3 Malaria incidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Indicator 3.3.4 Hepatitis B incidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Indicator 3.3.5 Need for neglected tropical disease interventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Indicator 3.4.1 Mortality due to noncommunicable diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Indicator 3.4.2 Suicide mortality rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Indicator 3.5.2 Alcohol use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Indicator 3.6.1 Deaths from road traffic injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Indicator 3.7.1 Family planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Indicator 3.7.2 Adolescent birth rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Indicator 3.8.1 Universal health coverage: service coverage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Indicator 3.8.2 Universal health coverage: financial protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Indicator 3.9.1 Mortality due to air pollution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs iii

Indicator 3.9.2 Mortality due to unsafe WASH services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Indicator 3.9.3 Mortality due to unintentional poisoning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Indicator 3.a.1 Tobacco use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Indicator 3.b.1 Vaccine coverage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Indicator 3.b.2 Development assistance for health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Indicator 3.c.1 Health workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Indicator 3.d.1 IHR capacity and health emergency preparedness.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Indicator 1.a.2 Government spending on essential services, including health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Indicator 2.2.1 Stunting among children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Indicator 2.2.2 Wasting and overweight among children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Indicator 6.1.1 Safely managed drinking-water services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Indicator 6.2.1 Safely managed sanitation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Indicator 7.1.2 Clean household energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Indicator 11.6.2 Air pollution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Indicator 13.1.1 Mortality due to disasters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Indicator 16.1.1 Homicide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Indicator 16.1.2 Mortality due to conflicts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Indicator 17.19.2 Death registration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Annex B: Tables of health-related SDG statistics by country, WHO region and globally. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Explanatory notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Annex C: WHO regional groupings.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

iv WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

FOREWORD

I
n 2015, countries adopted the ambitious Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), each of
which has specific targets to be achieved over the next 15 years. The SDGs include one health
goal and over 50 health-related targets which are applicable to all countries, irrespective of
their level of development. It is essential that we track progress towards these targets in all
countries – a mammoth task in itself.

One of the key roles of the World Health Organization (WHO) is to monitor global health
trends. The World Health Statistics series, published annually since 2005, is WHO’s annual
snapshot of the state of the world’s health. Since 2016, the World Health Statistics series has
focused on monitoring progress towards the SDGs and this 2018 edition contains the latest
available data for 36 health-related SDG indicators.

The story it tells is that while we have made remarkable progress on several fronts, huge challenges remain if we are to
reach the targets for health we have set ourselves. In some areas progress has stalled and the gains we have made could
easily be lost.

Under-five mortality has improved dramatically – yet each and every day in 2016, 15 000 children died before reaching their
fifth birthday. After unprecedented global gains in malaria control, progress has stalled because of a range of challenges,
including a lack of sustainable and predictable funding. And while the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease, chronic
respiratory disease, diabetes or cancer has decreased since 2000, an estimated 13 million people under the age of 70
still died due to these diseases in 2016.

Maintaining the momentum towards the SDGs is only possible if countries have the political will and the capacity to
prioritize regular, timely and reliable data collection to guide policy decisions and public health interventions. I care about
outcomes and about accountability and I want to ensure that WHO, together with our partners, is doing all we can to get
countries on track to reach the SDGs.

The WHO’s 13th General Programme of Work is designed to do exactly that. At its heart are the ambitious “triple billion”
targets: one billion more people benefitting from universal health coverage (UHC); one billion more people better protected
from health emergencies; and one billion more people enjoying better health and well-being.

To keep ourselves accountable, we have developed an “Impact Framework” for the 13th General Programme of Work,
aligned with the SDGs. This will allow us to measure the only progress that really matters: less death and disease, and
more healthy living for everyone, everywhere.

Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus

Director-General
World Health Organization

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs v

PREFACE

W
orld health statistics 2018 signals WHO’s continued commitment to work with
Member States and all partners to ensure WHO provides the most trusted
health-related data that are up to date, disaggregated and disseminated in an
open manner, and widely used. These data are an essential resource to achieve the health-
related SDGs and UHC. Robust health metrics, improved and focused measurement, and use
of evidence and research are high priorities in the WHO’s 13th General Programme of Work.
The Health Metrics and Measurement cluster works across WHO as the hub streamlining the
flow of data from Member States and within the Organization, reducing the reporting burden
on Member States, and coordinating research activities. For the first time in the World Health
Statistics series, World health statistics 2018 provides labels to help users understand the types
of data in the report. It also includes many updated data series as well as new indicators, and
Part 3 is organized around WHO’s new priority areas of work: UHC, health emergencies, and healthier populations. Our
ultimate goal is to support countries to make ethical and evidence-informed decisions to maximize health gains for their
populations. Sincere thanks are extended to all who helped in collecting, processing and presenting these data at the
country, regional and headquarters levels. World health statistics 2018 could not have been produced without this enormous
dedicated collective effort.

Dr Lubna A. Al-Ansary
Assistant Director-General
Health Metrics and Measurement
WHO headquarters
Geneva, Switzerland

W
orld health statistics 2018 is the world’s summary of health-related data produced
through concerted engagement with WHO Member States. The report helps us
to understand where data or estimates are available and, conversely, where we
lack insights. We are at a pivotal moment to reset the global health data agenda and ensure
continued focus on measuring the health-related SDG indicators. Improving data collection
at the source, strengthening country capacity for data analysis and use, and introducing
innovations in data capture, analysis and dissemination are WHO’s primary objectives in the
13th General Programme of Work. In the coming years, we will support country-level capacity-
strengthening through essential tools and public goods that focus on the fundamentals for
reliable statistics. We will improve statistical analysis, expand support for the curation and
dissemination of national data, strengthen civil registration and vital statistics systems, and
promote the availability of timely and quality data for the SDG era. We look forward to engaging with Member States and
partners on this journey to 2030, to ensure health for all.

Dr John T. Grove
Director
Information, Evidence and Research
Health Metrics and Measurement
WHO headquarters
Geneva, Switzerland
ABBREVIATIONS

AFR WHO African Region

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AMR WHO Region of the Americas
ANC antenatal care
ART antiretroviral therapy
BMI body mass index
CRD chronic respiratory disease
CVD cardiovascular disease
DHS Demographic and Health Survey
DTP diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis
EMR WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
EUR WHO European Region
FCTC Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
GATHER Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting
GHO Global Health Observatory
GNI gross national income
HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen
HBV hepatitis B virus
HCV hepatitis C virus
HIV human immunodeficiency virus
IHR International Health Regulations
LMIC low- and middle-income countries
MCV measles-containing vaccine
NCD noncommunicable disease
NTD neglected tropical disease
PCV pneumococcal-conjugated vaccine
PM particulate matter
RMNCH reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health
SDG Sustainable Development Goal
SEAR WHO South-East Asia Region
TB tuberculosis
UHC universal health coverage
UN-IGME United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation
UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
WASH water, sanitation and hygiene
WPR WHO Western Pacific Region

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs vii

INTRODUCTION

T
he World Health Statistics series is WHO’s annual compilation of health statistics for its 194 Member States. The
series is produced by the WHO Department of Information, Evidence and Research, of the Health Metrics and
Measurement Cluster, in collaboration with all relevant WHO technical departments.

World health statistics 2018 focuses on the health and health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and associated
targets by bringing together data on a wide range of health-related SDG indicators. It also links to the three SDG-aligned
strategic priorities of the WHO’s 13th General Programme of Work, 2019¬2023.1

World health statistics 2018 is organized into three parts. First, in order to improve understanding and interpretation of the
data presented, Part 1 outlines the different types of data used and provides an overview of their compilation, processing
and analysis. The resulting statistics are then publicized by WHO through its flagship products such as the World Health
Statistics series. In Part 2 summaries are provided of the current status of selected health-related SDG indicators at global
and regional levels, based on data available as of early 2018. As indicated above, World health statistics 2018 links to the
SDG-aligned strategic priorities of the WHO’s 13th General Programme of Work. In Part 3, each of these three strategic
priorities of achieving universal health coverage (UHC), addressing health emergencies and promoting healthier populations
are illustrated through the use of highlight stories. In Annexes A and B, country-level statistics are presented for selected
health-related SDG indicators. Additionally, Annex B also presents statistics at WHO regional and global levels. For the
first time, the type of data used for each indicator (“comparable estimate”; “primary data”; or “other data”), as described
in Part 1, is also shown.

The statistics presented in World health statistics 2018 are official WHO statistics based on data available for global
monitoring in early 2018, and all comparable estimates have been consulted with Member States. The statistics have
been compiled primarily using publications and databases produced and maintained by WHO or by United Nations
groups of which WHO is a member, such as the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN-
IGME). Additionally, a number of statistics have been derived from data produced and maintained by other international
organizations, such as the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs and its Population Division.

It is important to note that comparable estimates are subject to considerable uncertainty, especially for countries where
the availability and quality of the underlying primary data are limited. However, to ensure readability while covering such a
comprehensive range of health topics, the printed and online versions of the World Health Statistics series do not include
the margins of uncertainty which are instead made available through online WHO databases such as the Global Health
Observatory.

In some cases, as SDG indicator definitions are being refined and baseline data are being collected, proxy indicators
have been presented. All such proxy indicators are clearly indicated as such through the use of accompanying footnotes.
For indicators with a reference period expressed as a range, country values refer to the latest available year in the range
unless otherwise noted. Changes in the values shown for indicators reported on in previous editions of the World Health
Statistics series should not be assumed to accurately reflect underlying trends. This applies to all data types (comparable
estimate, primary data and other data) and all reporting levels (country, regional and global).

More details on the indicators and statistics presented here are available at the WHO Global Health Observatory.2

1
Draft 13th General Programme of Work, 2019–2023. Scheduled for consideration by the Seventy-first World Health Assembly in May 2018 (http://www.who.int/about/what-we-do/gpw-
thirteen-consultation/en/, accessed 28 March 2018).
2
The Global Health Observatory (GHO) is WHO’s portal providing access to data and analyses for monitoring the global health situation. See: http://www.who.int/gho/en/, accessed 28
March 2018.

viii WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

1 UNDERSTANDING
DATA IN THE
WORLD HEALTH
STATISTICS SERIES
Since 2016 the World Health Statistics series has served
as WHO’s annual report on the health-related Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs). The effective monitoring of
SDG indicators requires comprehensive national health
information strategies based on the use of data from
sources such as civil registration and vital statistics systems,
household and other population-based surveys, routine
health-facility reporting systems and health-facility surveys,
administrative data systems and surveillance systems. Some
indicators also rely on non-health-sector data sources.
Making sense of the often complex available data on health
indicators can be highly challenging. Health data derived
from health information systems, including health-facility
records, surveys or vital statistics, may not be representative
of the entire population of a country and in some cases may
not even be accurate. Comparisons between populations
or over time can also be complicated by differences in data
definitions and/or measurement methods. Although some
countries may have multiple sources of data for the same
year, it is more usual for data not to be available for every
population or year. For example, measurement frequency
for data collected through household surveys is typically
every 3–5 years. This means that the years for which data
are available differ by country. To overcome these and
other issues and allow for comparisons to be made across
countries and over time, analysts develop mathematical
and statistical models with the aim of producing unbiased
estimates that are representative and comparable.
In World health statistics 2017,1 more than 50 health-
related SDG indicators were identified. Currently, sufficient
monitoring data are available for 36 indicators and these
data are presented in Annexes A and B of the current report,
as well as online in the WHO Global Health Observatory
(www.who.int/gho/en). For most indicators, comparable
estimates are reported if they are available. Such data have
been generated using a database of primary data and a
mathematical or statistical model, followed by consultation
with the relevant WHO Member State. In these cases,
the database of primary data used to derive the estimates
is available online, together with other documentation
required by the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent
Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER).2
For other indicators, the most recent observation from
a database of primary data is reported. Primary data is
1
World Health Statistics 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 (http://www.who.
int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2017/en/, accessed 28 March 2018).
2
Stevens GA, Alkema L, Black RE, Boerma JT, Collins GS, Ezzati M et al. Guidelines
for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting: the GATHER statement.
Lancet. 2016;388(10062):1–5 (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304576854_
Guidelines_for_Accurate_and_Transparent_Health_Estimates_Reporting_The_GATHER_
statement, accessed 28 March 2018).
MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 1
 2
Fig. 1.1
Schematic overview of WHO data compilation, processing, analysis, consultation and reporting

DATA COLLECTION DATA COMPILATION COMPARABLE CONSULTATION REPORTING PUBLICATION AND

1 2 AND VALIDATION 3 ESTIMATES 4 5 6 DISSEMINATION
WHO collects data from a While some primary data need A statistical or mathematical After initial statistics are Data and methods are WHO publishes its official
variety of sources through to be compiled, processed and model is used to calculate obtained, Member States reported in line with statistics through its flagship
official requests or accessing validated, other primary data comparable estimates. are given an opportunity to GATHER. products such as the World
publicly available data. are forwarded for publication. comment on methods or Health Statistics series.
provide new primary data.

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Some primary data are forwarded for official publication

A country consultation may be carried out

Via official request

Publicly available data

ARABLE ESTIMAT
MP ES
CO
CONSULTATION

Reporting in line with GATHER

Official publication
of health statistics

Key informant data may be validated before official publication

Note: Data on emergencies does not pass through the country consultation and reporting process in most cases
Table 1.1
Categories of data series appearing in World Health Statistics 2018

Label Definition Comparability
Comparable estimates A statistical or
mathematical model
was used to generate
comparable statistics for
each country on the basis
of available primary data.
Primary data A compilation of summary
statistics based on
empirical measurements,
for example statistics
from individual surveys
or case notification data.
These may include raw or
processed data.
Other data Data which are neither
primary data nor
comparable estimates
(usually key informant
data).
Evidence base Member State consultation Example (SDG indicator)
Statistics mean the same Comparable estimates are Member States are Maternal mortality ratio
thing in different countries. reported for countries with provided with draft (3.1.1)
primary data, as well as estimates, and may
for countries with weak or provide comments on the
no primary data. methods and data used.
Country data are typically If statistics are reported for Although Member State Prevalence of stunting
from different years, and a country, they correspond consultation is not among children under 5
data years may differ to primary (empirical) required, some data series years of age (2.2.1)
by up to 10 years. Some measurements from the are consulted upon with
data series include only last 10 years. Member States.
statistics which are
collected using the same
measurement methods
and calculated using the
same indicator definition,
while other data series
include statistics collected
and calculated in a variety
of non-comparable ways
(non-comparable statistics
are identified by footnotes
in the annexes).
Statistics may not mean Statistics are reported Member State consultation Average of 13 International
the same thing in different regardless of primary data is not required; these data Health Regulations core
countries. availability. are usually provided by capacity scores (3.d.1)
Member States.

an umbrella term that includes both raw data (measures
derived from primary data collection with no adjustments
or corrections) and processed data (calculated from raw
data).1 Processing raw health data can include cleaning data
by removing implausible values, calculating an indicator
with an algorithm or adjusting a statistic for bias. In some,
but not all, cases these data have been consulted upon with
each respective Member State.
Although most data series reported in World Health
Statistics are either compilations of primary data or
comparable estimates, there are some data series which
do not clearly fit into either of these categories. Typically
these are data series compiled using the results of surveys
of key informants, such as government officials, in countries.
Such data series may reflect primary data known to the
informant, estimates known to the informant, or the opinion
of the informant regarding the local situation. In order to
label such data in the current report, a third data category
¬ other data ¬ is used.
A schematic overview of the compilation and processing
of primary data, calculation of comparable estimates,
consultation with Member States and publication in
the World Health Statistics and other World Health
Organization data products is provided in Fig. 1.1.
In World health statistics 2018, each data series has for the
first time been labelled as “comparable estimates”, most
recent “primary data” or “other data” to clearly indicate the
category to which it belongs. The features of each of these
three types of data series are outlined in Table 1.1. These
data labels can be used by readers of this report to guide
interpretation of the data presented and to inform further
investigation on data sources by topic. Users of comparable
estimates should interrogate the availability and quality of
the underlying data used to generate the estimates, and
should take into account uncertainty intervals (available
online at the WHO Global Health Observatory). Users
of primary data should assess whether the data are
comparable, taking into account the inclusion/exclusion
criteria for the database, whether adjustments were made
to improve comparability and the year of data collection.
In this regard, attention should be given to the footnotes
on country statistics provided in Annex B. Finally, users of
statistics which are labelled as other data should be aware
that primary data may not be available, and that data are
often not comparable across countries.
In addition to the importance of understanding these
different types of information at the global level to inform
interpretation and policy dialogue, the reviewing of data
sources and data availability at country level can also help
to define the scope of ongoing and future health information
strategies. In particular, any gaps in data collection can
be identified and solutions prioritized to support the
development of informed national health strategic plans.

Stevens GA, Alkema L, Black RE, Boerma JT, Collins GS, Ezzati M et al. Guidelines
1

for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting: the GATHER statement.
Lancet. 2016;388(10062):1–5 (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304576854_
Guidelines_for_Accurate_and_Transparent_Health_Estimates_Reporting_The_GATHER_
statement, accessed 28 March 2018).

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 3

2
Overview
STATUS OF THE
HEALTH-RELATED
SDGs
While SDG 3 is the main SDG with an explicit focus on health,
at least 10 other goals are also concerned with health issues.
In total, more than 50 SDG indicators have been agreed
upon internationally to measure health outcomes, proximal
determinants of health or health-service provision (1). These
health-related indicators may be grouped into the following
seven thematic areas:
• reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health
• infectious diseases
• noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and mental health
• injuries and violence
• universal health coverage (UHC) and health systems
• environmental risks
• health risks and disease outbreaks.
Despite all the progress made during the Millennium
Development Goal (MDG) era, major challenges persist
in the MDG priority areas. These challenges will need to
be addressed if further progress is to be made in reducing
maternal and child mortality, improving nutrition, and
combating communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS,
tuberculosis (TB), and malaria. Furthermore, the crucial
importance of addressing NCDs and their risk factors ¬ such
4 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018
as tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol and environmental
conditions ¬ within the sustainable development agenda is
becoming ever clearer. However, in many countries, weak
health systems remain an obstacle to progress and lead to
shortages in coverage of even the most basic health services,
as well as poor preparedness for health emergencies.
Based on the latest available data, the global and regional
situations in relation to the above seven thematic areas are
summarized below. Where available, country-specific data
for health-related SDG indicators are presented graphically
in Annex A and in tabular form in Annex B.
2.1 Reproductive, maternal, newborn and
child health
Far too many women still suffer ¬ and die from ¬ serious
health issues during pregnancy and childbirth. In 2015, an
estimated 303 000 women worldwide died due to maternal
causes. Almost all of these deaths (99%) occurred in low-
and middle-income countries (LMIC), with almost two thirds
(64%) occurring in the WHO African Region (2). Reducing
maternal mortality crucially depends upon ensuring that
women have access to quality care before, during and
after childbirth. WHO recommends that pregnant women
initiate first antenatal care contact in the first trimester of
pregnancy ¬ referred to as early antenatal care. Such care
enables the early management of conditions which may
adversely impact upon pregnancy, thus potentially reducing
the risk of complications for women and newborns during
and after delivery. However, globally, it is estimated that
more than 40% of all pregnant women were not receiving
early antenatal care in 2013 (3). Latest available data suggest
that while in most high-income and upper-middle-income
countries more than 90% of all births benefitted from the
presence of a trained midwife, doctor or nurse, less than half
of all births in several low-income and lower-middle-income
countries were assisted by such skilled health personnel (4).
An estimated 77% of women of reproductive age who
are married or in-union have their family planning needs
met with a modern contraceptive method ¬ leaving nearly
208 million women with unmet need (5). Latest estimates
indicate that that there are 12.8 million births among
adolescent girls aged 15¬19 years every year, representing
44 births per 1000 adolescent girls in this age group (6).
Early childbearing can increase risks for newborns as well
as for the young mothers.
of older children (aged 5¬14 years) is an increasing area of
focus. In 2016, about 1 million such children died, mainly
from preventable causes (7).
Globally in 2017, 151 million children under the age of
five (22%) were stunted (too short for their age), with
three quarters of such children living in the WHO South-
East Asia Region or WHO African Region. High levels
of stunting negatively impact on the development of
countries due to its association with childhood morbidity
and mortality risks, learning capacity and NCDs later in
life. In 2017, 51 million children under the age of five (7.5%)
were wasted (too light for their height), while 38 million
(5.6%) were overweight (too heavy for their height).
Wasting and overweight may coexist in a population at
levels considered medium to high ¬ the so-called “double
burden of malnutrition” ¬ as observed in the WHO Eastern
Mediterranean Region (Fig. 2.2) (9).
Fig. 2.2
Prevalence of wasting and of overweight among children under five years old, by
WHO region and globally, 2017
Wasting Overweight

The world has made remarkable progress in reducing child 16 —

mortality, with the global under-five mortality rate dropping 14 —

from 93 per 1000 live births in 1990 to 41 per 1000 live 12 —
births in 2016. Nonetheless, every day in 2016, 15 000
10 —
Prevalence (%)

children died before reaching their fifth birthday. Children

face the highest risk of dying in their first month of life, with 8—

2.6 million newborns dying in 2016 ¬ the majority of these 6—

deaths occurring in the first week of life (7). Prematurity, 4—
intrapartum-related events such as birth asphyxia and birth
2—
trauma, and neonatal sepsis accounted for almost three
quarters of all neonatal deaths. Among children aged 1¬59 0—
AFR AMR SEAR EMR WPR Global
months, acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea and malaria Note: Estimates are not available for the WHO European Region due to low coverage of
were the leading causes of death in 2016 (8) (Fig. 2.1). With surveillance data.
more young children now surviving, improving the survival

Fig. 2.1 2.2 Infectious diseases

Causes of death in children under 5 years of age, 2016

Neonatal (0–27 days) Globally, HIV incidence has declined from 0.40 per 1000
Postneonatal (1–59 months)
Under-fives uninfected population in 2005 to 0.26 per 1000 uninfected
Prematurity
Prematurity
population in 2016 (10). The WHO African Region remained
Acute Acute
respiratory infections
respiratory infections the most heavily impacted by HIV, with an incidence rate of
Birth asphyxia and birth trauma
Other
Birth asphyxia
communicable,
Other
and birth trauma
perinataland
communicable, perinatal
1.24 per 1000 uninfected population in 2016 (11). In 2016,
and nutritional conditions
nutritional
Congenital
conditions
anomalies
Congenital anomalies
an estimated 1 million people died of HIV-related illnesses
Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea ¬Neonatal
120 000
(0−27 days) of whom were children under 15 years of age.
Postneonatal
Neonatal sepsis
Neonatal sepsis The global scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has
(1−59 months)

Injuries
Injuries
Malaria
been the main driver of the 48% decline in HIV-related
Malaria
Other noncommunicable diseases
Other noncommunicable diseases deaths
Under−fives from a peak of 1.9 million in 2005. By mid-2017,
Meningitis/encephalitis
Meningitis/encephalitis approximately 20.9 million people were receiving ART.
Measles
Measles
However, ART only reached 53% of people living with HIV
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS
Tetanus
Tetanus
at the end of 2016, and a rapid acceleration of responses is
0l 5l l
10 l
15 needed to increase treatment coverage, along with other
0 5
Percentage 10
of total under−five deaths 15
Percentage of total under-five deaths
interventions along the continuum of services, including
prevention, diagnosis and chronic care (12).

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 5

 After unprecedented global gains in malaria control,
progress has stalled. Globally, an estimated 216 million
cases of malaria occurred in 2016, compared with 237
million cases in 2010, and 210 million cases in 2013.
Malaria claimed the lives of approximately 445 000 people
in 2016 ¬ a similar number to the previous year. The main
challenge that countries face in tackling malaria is a lack
of sustainable and predictable funding. Other challenges
impeding the ability of countries to control and eliminate
malaria include the risks posed by conflict in malaria
endemic zones, anomalous climate patterns and mosquito
resistance to insecticides, particularly those used for indoor
residual spraying (13).
TB remains a high-burden disease and progress in fighting
it, although impressive, is still not fast enough to close
persistent gaps. Globally, TB incidence declined from 173
new and relapse cases per 100 000 population in 2000
to 140 per 100 000 population in 2016 ¬ a 19% decline
over the 16-year period. The TB mortality rate among
HIV-negative people fell by 39% during the same period.
In 2016, an estimated 10.4 million people fell ill with TB,
of whom 90% were adults, 65% were male and 10%
were people living with HIV. In that same year, there were
an estimated 1.3 million TB deaths among HIV-negative
people and an additional 374 000 deaths among HIV-
positive people. While millions of people are diagnosed
and successfully treated for TB each year, large gaps in case
notification persist (Fig. 2.3). In addition, drug-resistant TB
is a continuing threat. In 2016, there were 600 000 new
cases of TB resistant to rifampicin (the most effective first-
line drug) of which 490 000 were multidrug resistant (14).
Fig. 2.3
Estimated, notified and successfully treated new and TB relapse cases, 2000–2016
Estimated incidence 95% confidence interval
Notified
Successfully treated
14 —
12 —
10 —
Number of cases (millions)
8—
6—
4—
2—
0—
l l
2000 2004 2008
In 2015, an estimated 325 million people worldwide were
living with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus
(HCV) infection. Such infection carries the risk of slow
progression to severe liver disease and death unless timely
6 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018
testing and treatment are provided. Most of the burden
of disease due to HBV infection results from infections
acquired before the age of five. The widespread use of
hepatitis B vaccine in infants has considerably reduced the
incidence of new chronic HBV infections ¬ as reflected by
the decline in hepatitis B prevalence among children under
5 years of age from 4.7% in the pre-vaccine era1 to 1.3% in
2015 (Fig. 2.4). At the same time, hepatitis B prevalence
in the general population decreased from 4.3% to 3.5%.
Unsafe health-care procedures and injection-drug use
are the major routes of HCV transmission. To reduce this
risk, well-targeted prevention interventions need to be
expanded (15).
Fig. 2.4
Estimated global prevalence of hepatitis B, by age, pre-vaccine era and 2015
Under5 5years
Under years
oldold Allages
All ages
7—
Global estimate of HBsAg prevalence (%)
7
Global estimate of HBsAg prevalence (%)
6— 6
5— 5
4— 4
3— 3
2— 2
1— 1
0— 0
Pre− 2015 Pre− 2015
Pre-vaccine
vaccine 2015 Pre-vaccine
vaccine 2015
Note: Vertical lines represent 95% confidence intervals.
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs)2 are a group of diseases
characterized by their proliferation in tropical environments
where multiple infections in a single individual are common,
and by their association with poverty (16). A reported 1.5
billion people required mass or individual treatment and
care for NTDs in 2016 ¬ down from 2 billion people in
2010. Progress has been driven by the elimination of
diseases at country level in 2016, including the elimination
of lymphatic filariasis in Cambodia, onchocerciasis (river
blindness) in Guatemala and trachoma in Morocco. In the
same year, more than a quarter of all those who required
interventions against NTDs (27% equating to 409 million
people) lived in low-income countries that are home to
only about 9% of the world’s population. This reflects
the disproportionate burden borne by these countries. At
the same time, the fact that over 1 billion people living in
middle- and high-income countries still required treatment
and care for NTDs indicates the presence of poverty and
inequality worldwide (17).
l l l
2012 2016
1
Depending on the year of vaccine introduction, this can range from the 1980s to the early
2000s.
2
The NTDs focused on by WHO are: Buruli ulcer; Chagas disease; dengue and
chikungunya; dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease); echinococcosis; foodborne
trematodiases; human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness); leishmaniasis;
leprosy (Hansen’s disease); lymphatic filariasis; mycetoma; chromoblastomycosis
and other deep mycoses; onchocerciasis (river blindness); rabies; scabies and other
ectoparasites; schistosomiasis; soil-transmitted helminthiases; snake-bite envenoming;
taeniasis/cysticercosis; trachoma; and yaws (endemic treponematoses). See: http://www.
who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/en/.
 2.3 Noncommunicable diseases and mental
health
In 2016, an estimated 41 million deaths occurred due to
noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), accounting for 71%
of the overall total of 57 million deaths. The majority of
such deaths were caused by the four main NCDs, namely:
cardiovascular disease (17.9 million deaths; accounting for
44% of all NCD deaths); cancer (9.0 million deaths; 22%);
chronic respiratory disease (3.8 million deaths; 9%); and
diabetes (1.6 million deaths; 4%). In 2016, a 30-year-old
man had a higher risk of dying before reaching the age of 70
from one of the four main NCDs than a 30-year-old woman
(22% compared to 15% respectively). Adults in low- and
lower-middle-income countries faced the highest risks
(21% and 23% respectively) ¬ almost double the rate for
adults in high-income countries (12%). Globally, the risk of
dying from any one of the four main NCDs between ages
30 and 70 decreased from 22% in 2000 to 18% in 2016
(18). Meeting the SDG target of reducing premature NCD
mortality by one third by 2030 will require the acceleration
of progress, including action to reduce key risk factors
such as tobacco use, air pollution, unhealthy diet, physical
inactivity and harmful use of alcohol ¬ as well as improved
disease detection and treatment.
The worldwide level of alcohol consumption in 2016 was
6.4 litres of pure alcohol per person aged 15 years or older,
a level that remained stable since 2010. Consumption
levels and trends vary across WHO regions. Consumption
Tobacco use is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease
(CVD), cancers and chronic respiratory disease (CRD),
and has negative social, environmental and economic
consequences. In 2016, globally more than 1.1 billion people
aged 15 years or older smoked tobacco (34% of all males
and 6% of all females in this age group) (20). To date, the
WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO
FCTC) (21) has been ratified by 181 Parties, representing over
90% of the global population. During the period 2015¬2016,
over half (98) of WHO Member States strengthened
their implementation of the WHO FCTC through various
measures, such as introducing or strengthening legislation
requiring health warnings to appear on tobacco product
packaging (92 countries) and improving the national
monitoring of tobacco use (14 countries). Although 146
countries are currently monitoring the smoking behaviour
of their populations, only 109 are monitoring the use of all
types of tobacco products.
Almost 800 000 deaths by suicide occurred in 2016 (18).
Men are 75% more likely than women to die as a result of
suicide. Suicides deaths occur in adolescents and adults of
all ages (Fig. 2.6).
Fig. 2.6
Global suicide deaths by age and sex, 2016
Male
Female
85+
85+

in the WHO South-East Asia Region increased by almost 75−84

75–84
30% since 2010, while that of the WHO European Region 65−74
65–74
decreased by 12%, but remaining the highest in the world in 55−64
55–64
Age range
Age range

2016 at 9.8 litres of pure alcohol per person aged 15 years 45−54 Mal
45–54
Fem
or older (Fig. 2.5) (19). Available data indicate that treatment 35−44
35–44
coverage for alcohol and drug-use disorders is inadequate, 25−34
25–34
though further work is needed to improve the measurement 15−24
15–24
of such coverage. 5−14
5–14
l
100
l
75
l
50
l
25
l
0
l
25
l
50
l
75
l
100
100 75 50 25 0 25 50 75 100
Fig. 2.5 Number of suicides (thousands)
Number of suicides (thousands)
Trends in alcohol consumption among people aged 15 years or older, by WHO region
and globally, 2010–2016

2.4 Injuries and violence

2010 2016

12 —

Road traffic crashes killed 1.25 million people worldwide

Total alcohol per capita ( > 15 years of age)

10 —
consumption (litres of pure alcohol)

in 2013 and injured up to 50 million more. The death rate

8— due to road traffic injuries was 2.6 times higher in low-
income countries (24.1 deaths per 100 000 population)
6— than in high-income countries (9.2 deaths per 100 000
population), despite lower rates of vehicle ownership in
4—
low-income countries (22).
2—
Latest estimates indicate that globally almost one quarter
0— of adults (23%) suffered physical abuse as a child (23)
AFR AMR SEAR EUR EMR WPR Global
and about one third (35%) of women experienced either
physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-
partner sexual violence at some point in their life (24).

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 7

Violence against children has lifelong impacts on the health
and well-being of children, families, communities and
nations. Violence against women results in serious short-
and long-term physical, mental, sexual and reproductive
health problems, affects their children, and leads to high
social and economic costs for women, their families and
societies.
Over the period 2012¬2016, on average there were 11 000
deaths globally each year due to natural disasters, equating
to 0.15 deaths per 100 000 population (18). Low- and
lower-middle-income countries typically have higher
mortality rates and struggle to meet financial, logistical
and humanitarian needs for recovery from disasters.
An estimated 477 000 murders occurred globally in
2016, with four fifths of all homicide victims being male
(Fig. 2.7). Men in the WHO Region of the Americas suffered
the highest rate of homicide deaths at 31.8 per 100 000
population ¬ down from 33.5 per 100 000 population in
2000 (18).
Fig. 2.7
Homicide numbers and rates per 100 000 population, by sex and by WHO region, 2016
Female Male
AMR SEAR
156 000 60 000
31.8 6.0
EMR
34 000
9.9
AFR
81 000
15.9
EUR
It is estimated that in 2016, 180 000 people were killed
in wars and conflicts, not including deaths due to the
indirect effects of war and conflict such as the spread of
diseases, poor nutrition and collapse of health services. The
average death rate due to conflicts in the past five years
(2012¬2016), at 2.5 deaths per 100 000 population, was
more than double the average rate in the preceding five-year
period (2007¬2011) (18).1
2.5 UHC and health systems
Globally, the average national percentage of total government
expenditure devoted to health was 11.7% in 2014, ranging
from 8.8% in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region to
13.6% in the WHO Region of the Americas.2 This measure
1
Conflict deaths include deaths due to collective violence and exclude deaths due to legal
intervention.
2
Unweighted averages of country-specific data from: WHO Global Health Expenditure
Database [online database]. Geneva: World Health Organization (see: http://apps.who.int/
nha/database/Select/Indicators/en).
8 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018
indicates the level of government spending on health within
the total expenditure for public sector operations in a
country, and could constitute part of SDG indicator 1.a.2 on
the proportion of total government spending on essential
services (education, health and social protection).
SDG Target 3.8 on achieving UHC has two indicators:
3.8.1 on coverage of essential health services and 3.8.2
on the proportion of a country’s population with large
household expenditures on health relative to their total
household expenditure. Both of these aspects must be
measured together in order to obtain a clear picture of those
who are unable to access health care and those who face
financial hardship due to health-care spending. The UHC
service coverage index is a single indicator computed from
tracer indicators of the coverage of essential services in the
areas of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health
(RMNCH), infectious disease control, NCDs and service
capacity and access.
As measured by this index, the levels of service coverage
varied widely across countries in 2015 ¬ from 22 to 86
(out of a maximum index score of 100). At least half of the
world’s population do not have full coverage of essential
health services. Among those who were able to access
AFR
25 000 needed services, many suffered undue financial hardship.
4.9
In 2010, an estimated 808 million people ¬ 11.7% of the
world’s population ¬ spent at least 10% of their household
AMR SEAR
22 000 20 000 budget (total household expenditure or income) paying
4.3 2.1
WPR
out of their own pocket for health services. For 179 million
28 000
2.9
of these people such payments exceeded a quarter of their
household budget. An estimated 97 million people ¬ 1.4%
of the world’s population ¬ were impoverished by out-of-
EMR EUR
11 000 pocket health-care spending in 2010 (at the 2011 poverty
3.4
WPR
line of PPP $ 1.90 a day) (25).
Functioning health systems require a qualified health
workforce that is available, equitably distributed and
accessible by the population. According to the latest
available data for the period 2007¬2016, 76 countries
reported having less than one physician per 1000
population, and 87 countries reporting having fewer than
three nursing and midwifery personnel per 1000 population.
In many countries, nurses and midwives constitute more
than half of the national health workforce (26).
In addition to a qualified and accessible health workforce,
health system functioning also relies crucially on access
to affordable essential medicines of assured quality that
are available at all times in adequate amounts and in the
appropriate dosage forms. The term “essential medicines”
covers a wide range of medicines, including those needed
for pain management and palliative care. Data from health-
facility surveys conducted nationally in 29 countries during
the period 2007¬2017 indicate that 64% of public-sector
facilities surveyed in low-income countries and 58% of public-
sector facilities surveyed in lower-middle-income countries
 Fig. 2.8 levels of more recently recommended vaccines such as
Global coverage of DTP3, MCV2 and PCV3, 2000–2016
rotavirus vaccine and pneumococcal-conjugated vaccine
100 — (PCV) are still under 50%. By the end of 2016, PCV had
90 — DTP3 been introduced in 135 countries with global coverage of the
80 — third dose (PCV3) reaching 42%. Middle-income countries
are lagging behind in the introduction of such new vaccines
70 —
as their health budgets are insufficient to cover the costs
60 — MCV2
Coverage (%)

and there may be a lack of external support (29, 30).

50 —

40 —
PCV3
30 —
20 —
10 —
0—
l l l l
2000 2005 2010
stocked medicines for pain management and palliative care.
Less than 10% of the public-sector health facilities surveyed
in low-income countries stocked opioid analgesics such as
morphine, buprenorphine, codeine, methadone and tramadol
¬ essential medications for treating the pain associated with
many advanced progressive conditions (27, 28).
Latest estimates indicate that in 2016, one in 10 children
worldwide did not receive even the first dose of diphtheria-
tetanus-pertussis (DTP1) vaccine. In the same year, the
global coverage of three doses of DTP (DTP3) vaccine
among children was 86% (Fig. 2.8). As shown in Fig. 2.8,
this level has essentially remained unchanged since 2010.
During this same period, coverage of a second dose of
measles-containing vaccine (MCV2) increased from 39%
to 64% but this is still insufficient to prevent measles
outbreaks and avoid preventable deaths. Global coverage
Each year, billions of dollars are spent on research and
development into new or improved health products
and processes, ranging from medicines to vaccines to
diagnostics. But the way these funds are distributed and
spent is often poorly aligned with global public health
needs. Countries with comparable levels of income and
2016
health needs receive different levels of official development
assistance for medical research and for basic health sectors.
Of grant recipients by income group, low-income countries
received only 0.3% of all direct grants (31).
In terms of monitoring health status, WHO estimates
that about half of its 194 Member States register at least
80% of deaths of population aged 15 years and older, with
associated information provided on cause of death (18). In
addition, data-quality problems further limit the use of such
information.
2.6 Environmental risks
Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking has
marginally improved and in 2016 reached 59% globally ¬
an increase of 10 percentage points since 2000. However,
coverage levels vary greatly between countries (Fig. 2.9)

Fig. 2.9
Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technologies (%), 2016

Proportion of population (%)

<5
5–30
31–50
0 850 1,700 3,400 Kilometers
51–95 Data not available
>95 Not applicable

Note: Estimates for India, Israel, Lithuania and Portugal are under country consultation as of May 2018.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 9

and population growth continues to outpace the transition
to clean fuels and technologies in many countries, leaving
over 3 billion people still cooking with polluting stove and
fuel combinations (32). The resulting household air pollution
is estimated to have caused 3.8 million deaths from NCDs
(including heart disease, stroke and cancer) and acute lower
respiratory infections in 2016 (18, 32).
In 2016, 91% of the world’s population did not breathe clean
air, and more than half of urban population were exposed
to outdoor air pollution levels at least 2.5 times above the
safety standard set by WHO. It has been estimated that
in 2016 outdoor air pollution in both cities and rural areas
caused 4.2 million deaths worldwide. Taken together, indoor
and outdoor air pollution caused an estimated 7 million
deaths ¬ one in eight deaths ¬ globally in 2016 (18, 32).
Unsafe drinking water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene
also remain important causes of death, with an estimated
870 000 associated deaths occurring in 2016 (18).1 The
WHO African Region suffered a disproportionate burden
from such deaths, with a mortality rate four times the global
rate. Available data from fewer than 100 countries indicate
that safely managed drinking-water services ¬ that is,
located on premises, available when needed and free from
contamination ¬ were enjoyed by only 71% of the global
population (5.2 billion people) in 2015, whereas safely
managed sanitation services ¬ with excreta safely disposed
of in situ or treated off site ¬ were available to only 39%
of the global population (2.9 billion people) (Fig. 2.10) (33).
Unintentional poisonings were responsible for over
100 000 deaths in 2016. Although the number of deaths
from unintentional poisonings has steadily declined since
2000, mortality rates continue to be relatively high in
low-income countries (18). Unintentional poisoning can
be caused by household chemicals, pesticides, kerosene,
carbon monoxide and medicines, or can be the result of
environmental contamination or occupational chemical
exposure.
2.7 Health risks and disease outbreaks
Under the International Health Regulations (2005), all
States Parties are required to have or to develop minimum
core public health capacities to implement the IHR (2005)
effectively. Until 2017, the monitoring process involved
the use of a self-assessment questionnaire sent to States
Parties to assess the implementation status of 13 core
capacities. In 2017, 167 States Parties (85% of all States
Parties) responded to the monitoring questionnaire, up
from 129 States Parties (66% of all States Parties) in 2016.
All 196 States Parties have responded to the monitoring
questionnaire at least once since 2010. The average core
capacity score of all reporting countries in 2017 was 71%
(34, 35).

Fig. 2.10
Proportion of global population by type of drinking-water services and sanitation
services used, 2015

Safely managed Unimproved

Basic Surface water (drinking water)
Limited Open defecation (sanitation)

Drinking
Sanitation
water

Drinking
Sanitation
Water

0l l
20 l
40 l
60 l
80 l
100
Percent
0 20 40 60 80 100
Safely managed Percent Improved
Surface water (Water)
Basic
Open defecation (Sanitation)
Limited

Includes deaths from diarrhoea, intestinal nematode infections and protein-energy

1

malnutrition attributable to lack of access to WASH services.

10 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

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3 A BROAD SPECTRUM OF
HEALTH CHALLENGES –
SELECTED ISSUES
 3.1 INCREASING THE COVERAGE OF ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICES
Universal health coverage in the SDGs
Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) means ensuring
that all people receive the essential health services they
need without being exposed to financial hardship as a result.
Such services include public health services to promote
health and prevent illness, and to provide treatment,
rehabilitation and palliative care of sufficient quality to be
effective. SDG Target 3.8 commits all countries to work
towards the achieving of UHC by ensuring access by all to
quality essential health-care services, and to safe, effective
and affordable medicines and vaccines.
In order to monitor the progress of countries towards UHC,
two SDG indicators have been established ¬ one on coverage
of essential services and one on financial protection.1 Taken
together, these two indicators were chosen to capture
the two key dimensions of health service coverage and
protection against financial hardship, and are intended to
be monitored jointly. In addition to the “tracer” indicators
used to produce an overall index of essential health services
coverage, other SDG indicators to monitor specific services
have also been developed for: (a) births attended by
skilled health personnel; (b) treatment interventions for
substance use disorders; (c) family planning services;
(d) implementation of the WHO Framework Convention
on Tobacco Control; (e) vaccination coverage; (f) access
to essential medicines; and (g) safely managed sanitation
services. Achieving the SDG health targets on infant, child
and maternal health, HIV, TB, malaria and NCDs will require
the scaling-up of these and other essential services as key
steps in the journey towards UHC.
One very clear aspiration of the SDGs is to “leave no one
behind”. Provided that data are available for all of the tracer
indicators used to produce the overall service coverage
index then this index could be computed and compared
across different dimensions of inequality ¬ such as level
of wealth and education, geographical locations within a
country, and age and sex. Currently this is not possible
for all of the tracer indicators of SDG indicator 3.8.1 due
to data limitations (Box 3.1). Nevertheless, a subset of
indicators can be used to illustrate variations in health
service inequalities across countries (1). Data on inequalities
in health service coverage are most readily available in
the areas of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child
health (RMNCH). As these indicators are measured at the
individual level in a single survey it is possible to assess
SDG indicator 3.8.1: Coverage of essential health services (defined as the average
1
coverage of essential services based on tracer interventions that include reproductive,
maternal, newborn and child health, infectious diseases, noncommunicable diseases and
service capacity and access, among the general and the most disadvantaged population);
and SDG indicator 3.8.2: Proportion of population with large household expenditures on
health as a share of total household expenditure or income.
14 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018
the fraction of needed services that each person receives.
This measurement approach is often referred to as “co-
coverage” (2).
Box 3.1
Challenges of monitoring effective service coverage2
There are three key challenges associated with monitoring effective service coverage,
which is defined as service coverage that results in the maximum possible health
gains. The first challenge is accurate measurement of the population in need of
the service. Administrative records from service providers and self-reported prior
diagnosis are often unreliable sources of information, as those who do not have
access to health services remain undiagnosed. A full assessment of population need
requires alternative sources of data, such as a set of survey questions or biomarkers
collected in a household health examination survey. Because few conditions requiring
treatment can be diagnosed in this way, this substantially limits the set of effective
coverage indicators that may be reliably monitored.
Determining effectiveness of service coverage – that is, the degree to which services
result in health improvement – is a second challenge. For some indicators it is
possible to directly measure quality of care. For example, monitoring of treatment
for hypertension can include measurement of whether hypertension is effectively
controlled, and monitoring of cataract surgical coverage can include measurement
of current visual acuity (5). However, generally speaking, measuring effectiveness
of care is more complicated than measuring service provision.
The third key challenge is to monitor equity in access to quality health services.
Making sure that no one is left behind as countries strive for UHC requires access
to data disaggregated by inequality dimensions, such as wealth or geographical
location. Disaggregated data are commonly available for RMNCH interventions and
water and sanitation services in LMIC, as described here, as well as for malaria
prevention, but may not be available for other health topics and indicators required
for UHC monitoring. Therefore, investments are needed in data collection, especially
for conducting regular household health examination surveys and developing
electronic and harmonized facility reporting systems. In addition, it is crucial to build
capacities for analysing and reporting health inequality data. Only then can countries
tie this information to the policies they are implementing to improve health equity.
Inequalities in basic maternal, child and
environmental health services in low- and
lower-middle-income countries
To assess inequalities in the coverage of basic maternal,
child and environmental health services, co-coverage data
collected in Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) on
seven basic health services in low- and lower-middle-
income countries were evaluated (3). The seven services
were: (a) four or more antenatal care (ANC) visits; (b) at
least one tetanus vaccination during pregnancy; (c) skilled
birth attendance; (d) bacille Calmette–Guérin vaccination;3
(e) receiving the third dose of a vaccine containing
diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis; (f) measles vaccination;
and (g) access to improved drinking water in the household.
All seven indicators were calculated for children aged 12¬59
months, using information available from their mothers’
most recent pregnancy where relevant (for example, for
ANC visits). The analysis shows the absolute number and
proportion of the basic services received by each mother–
child pair, and can be summarized across key dimensions
of inequality such as wealth.
2
Adapted from reference (3).
3
Although this vaccine is not part of the recommended series in all countries, it is
recommended in all of the countries assessed here.
 Fig. 3.1
Proportion of mother–child pairs in low- and lower-middle-income countries, by wealth quintile and number of basic interventions received (out of seven), 2005–2015

4040
— Q1 (poorest)
Q1 (poorest) Q2
Q2 Q3
Q3 Q4
Q4 Q5 (richest)
Q5 (richest)
Percentage

3030
—
Percentage

2020
—

1010
—

0
0—
0l 2l 4l 6l 0l 2l 4l 6l 0l 2l 4l 6l 0l 2l 4l 6l 0l 2l 4l 6l
0 2 4 6 0 2 4 6 0 2 4 6 0 2 4 6 0 2 4 6
Number of interventions received
Number of interventions received

It is clear that in low- and lower-middle-income countries Fig. 3.2

Average coverage of seven basic interventions against the proportion of
large gaps persist in basic maternal, child and environmental mother–child pairs receiving at least six of the seven interventions
health services coverage. These gaps are not evenly 100
100
distributed across population groups (Fig. 3.1).1 Whereas

basic
of 7least
39% of mother–child pairs in these countries received at
80
80
least six of the seven basic interventions, 4% of mother–

6 of 7 basic interventions (%)

at least 6 at
receiving
child pairs received no interventions at all. When the data
are stratified by wealth quintile, significant inequalities
interventions (%)
60
60
emerge. Overall, only 17% of those in households in the receiving
of people
poorest wealth quintile (Q1) in their countries received at
40
40
of people

least six basic interventions ¬ as opposed to 74% in the

Proportion

richest quintile (Q5). Those in the poorest wealth quintile

Proportion

in each country were also the most likely to receive no 20

20
interventions at all (9%). The mean number of interventions
received ranged from three in the poorest wealth quintile
00
to six in the wealthiest, with an overall average of five out 00 20
20 40
40 60
60 80
80 100
100
of the seven interventions being received. Average coverage
Average coverageofof 77 basic
basicinterventions
interventions
(%) (%)

mother–child pairs with access to at least six of the seven

Relationship between average coverage and basic services was far lower than the average coverage of
full coverage the seven interventions (Fig. 3.2).

For communicating the sheer magnitude of the task ahead
in increasing health service coverage to improve health
outcomes and achieve the health-related SDGs, perhaps no
single statistic is more in demand than the number of people
receiving needed essential health services. Fully answering
this question is highly challenging because there is no
dataset that contains full information on the health service
needs of all people and on whether they received those
services (Box 3.1). However, the analysis of co-coverage of
basic services in mother–child pairs outlined above offers
one way of estimating the relationship between the average
coverage of such services (which is more straightforward to
monitor) and the proportion of people with full coverage (3).
Data obtained from 180 DHS in 63 countries were therefore
analysed. To allow for measurement error, coverage with
at least six of the seven basic services (85%) was used
to approximate full coverage rather than coverage with all
seven. This analysis demonstrated that the proportion of
1
In this paragraph and Fig. 3.1, all analyses were carried out using the most recent survey
in each country during the time period 2005–2015. Data were available for 48 countries,
covering 90% of all live births in 2010 in low- and lower-middle-income countries; the
median survey year was 2012. To create estimates for all low- and lower-middle-income
countries, country data were weighted by the number of live births in 2010 in each
country.
One very important implication of this finding is that the
proportion of people who have access to a full range of
essential services is far lower than the average coverage
of such services (as approximated by the SDG index of
essential services coverage). Thus, it would not be correct
to simply multiply the average coverage of essential services
by population in order to obtain the number of people with
full access to them.
Way forward
Gaps in basic maternal, child and environmental health
service coverage remain largest among those in the poorest
wealth quintile. Unless health interventions are designed to
explicitly promote equity, efforts to attain UHC may lead to
improvements in the national average of service coverage
while at the same time worsening national inequalities (4).
Health services must be structured in such a way as to
ensure that no one is left behind. It is also likely to be the
case that current gaps in the coverage of NCD services and
hospital services will be even larger than the gaps in the
basic interventions discussed here.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 15

 3.2 CHOLERA – AN UNDERREPORTED THREAT TO PROGRESS

Cholera and the SDGs and to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene
(SDG Target 6.2), paying special attention to vulnerable
Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion populations.
of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio
cholerae. Cholera is extremely virulent, with a very short
incubation period of between 12 hours and 5 days (6), and Estimated and reported burden of cholera
affects all ages. If left untreated, cholera can kill within hours.
The exact burden of cholera is unknown as many cases
Despite the availability of prevention, control and treatment and deaths go unreported. Factors contributing to the
tools and approaches, cholera remains a serious threat to underreporting of cholera can include weak surveillance
public health. In addition, cholera is a stark indicator of systems, inconsistencies in case definitions, lack of
inequality and lack of social and economic development as laboratory diagnostic capacity, and fear of impact on trade
it disproportionately affects the world’s poorest and most and tourism (9).
vulnerable populations (7). Cholera transmission is closely
linked to inadequate access to clean water and sanitation It is estimated that during the period 2008¬2012, a total
facilities. As shown in Fig. 3.3, most of the countries that of between 1.3 and 4.0 million cases of cholera occurred
reported locally transmitted cholera cases to WHO during annually in 69 cholera-endemic countries, resulting in
the period 2011¬2015 were those in which only a low 21 000 to 143 000 deaths each year (10). However, the
proportion of the population had access to basic drinking- average annual number of cases and deaths reported to
water and sanitation services (7). WHO during this same period were only around 313 000
and 5700 respectively (11¬15). In 2016, 132 121 cholera
Fig. 3.31 cases and 2420 deaths were reported to WHO from 38
Cholera reporting and level of access to basic drinking-water and sanitation services
in LMIC, 2015 (7, 8) countries, including 47 imported cases reported in nine
countries (Fig. 3.4) (16).
Countries not reporting cholera cases
Countries reporting only imported cholera cases (no local transmission)
Countries reporting cholera cases with local transmission

100100 Cholera outbreaks: the role of surveillance in

early detection and response
Population using at least basic drinking−water services (%)
Population using at least basic drinking-water services (%)

global coverage

Cholera outbreaks often hit communities already made

75 75
vulnerable by tragedies such as conflicts, natural disasters
and famines (7). During the 2010¬2011 cholera outbreak
following an earthquake in Haiti, over 7000 people died
50 50 from cholera in the country and neighbouring Dominican
Republic (13, 14). During the 2016¬2017 cholera outbreak
in South Sudan, more than 20 000 suspected cases and
over 400 deaths were reported (Box 3.2) (17). Since January
25 25
2017, more than 1000 people have died of cholera in
global coverage

Somalia (18) and over 1000 in the Democratic Republic of

the Congo (17). Currently, Yemen is facing the world’s largest
0 0
0 25 50 75 100 cholera outbreak, with over 1 million suspected cases and
0 Population25using at least basic
50 sanitation services
75 (%) 100
more than 2000 deaths reported since April 2017 (19).
Population using at least basic sanitation services (%)
Note: Cholera reporting status
Countries refers tocholera
not reporting the period
cases2011–2015.
Countries reporting only imported cholera cases (no local transmission) In order to contain outbreaks and dramatically reduce the
SDG TargetCountries
3.3 reporting
calls cholera
for an cases end
with localto the epidemics of
transmission number of cholera deaths, early detection and immediate
communicable diseases, including waterborne diseases and effective responses are vital. This requires strong early-
such as cholera, by 2030. In addition, SDG Target 3.9 aims warning surveillance system and laboratory capacities,
to reduce deaths and illness from environmental pollution, health systems and supply readiness, and the establishment
including water contamination. Linked to these targets, the of rapid response teams. Surveillance data is also a key
SDGs also strive to achieve universal and equitable access element in helping to prioritize areas for intervention.
to safe and affordable drinking water (SDG Target 6.1)

Adapted from reference (7).

1

16 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Fig. 3.4
Countries reporting cholera deaths and imported cases, 2016

! !
!
!

!
! !
!

! Imported cholera cases

Deaths
1–9
10–99
≥100 0 875 1750 3500 Kilometers
Not applicable

Box 3.21
Responding to the 2016–2017 cholera outbreak in South Sudan

Cholera cases have been confirmed in South Sudan every year since 2013. The 2016–2017 cholera outbreak was the longest and largest in its magnitude and geographical extent,
and resulted largely from the humanitarian crisis, associated population displacements and declining investments in water, sanitation and hygiene.

The outbreak was declared on 18 June 2016 and

affected many parts of the country, including 27 Fig. 3.5
counties and the capital Juba. When the outbreak Reported cases and deaths during the cholera outbreak in South Sudan, 2016–2017
was declared over on 7 February 2018, a total of
20 438 cases (including 512 laboratory-confirmed

Cumulative reported deaths

cases) and 436 deaths had been reported (Fig. 1500 1500
3.5), implying an apparent case-fatality rate of
Reported cases

2.1%. Based on reported cases, case-fatality rates 1000 1000

appeared to be highest in counties with poor access
to health care, particularly populations living on
islands or in cattle camps. 500 500

The response to the South Sudan cholera outbreak 0

was coordinated by a national taskforce led by the 0
Ministry of Health with the participation of WHO and
other partners. Collaborative efforts were made to 20 Alive
Reported deaths

enhance surveillance, deploy rapid-response teams Died

to investigate and respond to cases, provide clean Cumulative deaths
water, promote good hygiene practices and treat 40
cholera patients. Around 2.2 million doses of oral
cholera vaccine were secured from the Gavi-funded
global stockpile. More than 885 000 people in 60
cholera-affected and high-risk populations received 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52
the first round of the vaccine with almost 500 000 2016 Week of Onset 2017
people also receiving a second round.

Roadmap to 2030 coordination of technical support, resource mobilization and

partnership at country, regional and global levels.
In 2017, the Global Task Force on Cholera Control released
a global strategy, Ending Cholera ¬ a global roadmap to 2030, Achieving universal and equitable access to safe drinking
that aims to reduce cholera deaths by 90%, and to eliminate water and adequate sanitation and hygiene ¬ undertakings
cholera in up to 20 countries (7). The strategy focuses on 47 to which the world is committed by the SDGs ¬ will be
countries and is based on three strategic approaches: (a) early the key long-term and multisectoral interventions in
detection and response to contain outbreaks; (b) multisectoral controlling cholera and other waterborne diseases. Other
interventions in cholera “hotspots”;2 and (c) effective required measures include effective surveillance and
reporting, enhanced country preparedness for responding
to outbreaks, strengthening of health systems, use of
Based on references (17, 20, 21).
1
vaccination and treatments as necessary, and strong
A cholera “hotspot” is a geographically limited area in which environmental, cultural and/
2

or socioeconomic conditions facilitate the transmission of cholera and where the disease community engagement.
persists or reappears regularly.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 17

 3.3 TURNING THE RISING TIDE OF OBESITY IN THE YOUNG

Malnutrition in the SDGs weight are excluded because self-reporting is systematically

Many parts of the world are facing a “double burden” of
malnutrition, where undernutrition coexists with overweight
and obesity within the same country, the same community
and even the same household. Obesity in childhood and
adolescence is associated with a higher risk of adult obesity,
and with premature death and disability due to NCDs such
as coronary heart disease in adulthood. In addition to such
increased future risks, obese children can also experience
hypertension, diabetes, asthma and other respiratory
problems, sleep disorders, liver disease and psychological
problems such as low self-esteem (22).
SDG Target 2.2 commits the world to ending all forms of
malnutrition by 2030, including overweight and obesity,
while SDG Target 3.4 is to reduce premature deaths from
NCDs by one third by 2030, including through prevention
efforts. As a leading risk factor for NCDs later in life,
preventing adolescent overweight and obesity is a pivotal
global health objective, not only in its own right but also as
a crucial element in the prevention of NCDs.
Global monitoring of overweight and obesity
among children and adolescents aged 5–19
years
biased. Fewer data are available for children aged 5¬9 years
compared to younger children, adolescents and adults.
Trends in overweight and obesity among
children and adolescents aged 5–19 years2
The world has seen a more than ten-fold increase in the
number of obese children and adolescents aged 5¬19 years
in the past four decades ¬ from just 11 million in 1975 to 124
million in 2016. An additional 213 million were overweight in
2016 but fell below the threshold for obesity. Taken together
this means that in 2016 almost 340 million children and
adolescents aged 5¬19 years ¬ or almost one in every five
(18.4%) ¬ were overweight or obese globally.
Analysis of these trends has shown that although population
growth has played a role in the increase in numbers of
obese children and adolescents, the primary driver has
been an increase in the prevalence of obesity. Globally,
the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents
aged 5¬19 years increased from 0.8% in 1975 to 6.8% in
2016. Although high-income countries continue to have
the highest prevalence, the rate at which obesity among
children and adolescents aged 5¬19 years is increasing is
much faster in LMIC (Fig. 3.6).

Body mass index (BMI) ¬ defined as a person’s weight in Fig. 3.6

Trends in prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents aged 5–19 years,
kilograms divided by the square of their height in metres globally and by country income group, 1975–2016
(kg/m2) ¬ is a simple index commonly used to classify
High income
overweight and obesity in children, adolescents and adults. Upper-middle income
Lower-middle income
Childhood and adolescence is a time of rapid growth, Low income
and a healthy BMI depends on both the age and sex of Global

the individual. WHO recommends the use of the WHO 16 —

Reference 2007 (23) for children and adolescents aged 5¬19 14 —
years, with “overweight” and “obese” defined as follows:
12 —

10 —
Prevalence (%)

• overweight: BMI-for-age greater than 1 standard

deviation above the WHO Reference 2007 median; and 8—

• obese: BMI-for-age greater than 2 standard deviations 6—

above the WHO Reference 2007 median. 4—

2—
WHO estimates of the prevalence of overweight and obesity
0—
among children aged 5 years and older, adolescents and l l l l l l l l l
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016
adults are generated by the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration
(NCD-RisC).1 In order to make these estimates, NCD-RisC
compiles data from population-representative surveys or
censuses which included the measurement of height and
weight. Data sources that collect self-reported height and
2
Section content and Figures 3.6–3.8 based on reference (24). GNI per capita and income
classifications used in Fig. 3.6 are taken from the World Bank’s list of economies (July
2017), based on GNI per capita in 2016 and calculated using the World Bank Atlas
method (see: https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). See: www.ncdrisc.org.
1
bank-country-and-lending-groups, accessed 10 April 2018).

18 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Fig. 3.7
Estimated country-level obesity prevalence among children and adolescents aged 5–19 years by gross national income (GNI) per capita, in 2016

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income WHO Region
AFR
Nauru
AMR
33.2
Palau EMR
30 31.4 EUR
SEAR
WPR

25

Kuwait
22.9
20
Prevalence (%)

United States of America

21.4

Mexico
Egypt
14.8
15 17.6

10 Haiti
China
10.9
11.7
Global prevalence (6.8)

Zimbabwe
5 Switzerland
4.0
India 5.8
2.0 Japan
Burkina Faso 3.3
0 1.0
200 500 1 000 2 000 5 000 10 000 20 000 50 000 100 000
GNI per capita, 2016 (Atlas method, US$, log scale)
Note: Circle size indicates estimated number of obese 5–19 year-olds; circle colour indicates WHO region.

The increases observed in the prevalence of obesity among very sharp increase, and in 2016 the prevalence of obesity
children and adolescents aged 5¬19 years in LMIC have among boys was the second highest at 13.1%.
occurred at the same time as issues of undernutrition
remain unaddressed. Infants and children in these countries Fig. 3.8
Trends in prevalence of obesity among boys and girls aged 5–19 years, by WHO
are more vulnerable to inadequate prenatal, infant and region, 1975–2016
young child nutrition than those in other countries. They
are then at high risk of being affected simultaneously by AFR AMR SEAR SEX
stunted growth and overweight due to the consumption of 20 Boys
15 Girls
Prevalence (%)

nutrient-poor but energy-dense foods.

10

At individual country level, the prevalence of obesity among 5

0
children and adolescents aged 5¬19 years in a number of
EUR EMR WPR
LMIC had reached alarmingly high levels by 2016 (Fig. 3.7). 20
This stands in stark contrast to the situation in several high-
Prevalence (%)

15
income countries with relatively low prevalence, including 10
Japan in which the national prevalence was half the global 5
prevalence. 0
1980 1990 2000 2010 1980 1990 2000 2010 1980 1990 2000 2010

Fig. 3.8 shows that in most WHO regions, the gap in obesity
prevalence rates among boys and girls aged 5¬19 years has
widened since 1975, resulting in a higher proportion of boys Way forward1
being obese compared to girls in 2016. The exceptions are
the WHO African Region – where despite still being among Being overweight and obese are largely preventable
the lowest globally, a higher proportion of girls (3.5%) conditions. The extent to which environments and
were obese than boys (2.1%) ¬ and the WHO Eastern communities are supportive and enabling is fundamental
Mediterranean Region ¬ where the prevalence rates for in shaping the behaviours of individuals. Preventing child
girls and boys continued to be very similar (8.1% and 8.3% and adolescent overweight and obesity will rely on helping
respectively). The WHO Region of the Americas continued people to eat healthy foods and to engage in regular physical
to have the highest prevalence, with around one in six boys activity, including by ensuring that these are accessible,
(16.0%) and one in eight girls (12.8%) aged 5–19 years available and affordable options.
being obese in 2016. The WHO Western Pacific Region had
among the lowest prevalence in 1975 but has experienced a 1
Section content based on reference (25).

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 19

No single intervention can halt the rise in childhood and
adolescent obesity on its own. A broad array of large-
scale actions is needed if the rising tide of obesity is to be
turned. This will require the engagement of multiple sectors,
including education, communications, commerce, urban
planning, agriculture and health.
Specific policy interventions to address child and adolescent
obesity include:
• Implement national regulatory measures on nutrition
labelling, including front-of-pack labelling, supported by
public education of both adults and children to promote
nutritional literacy.
• Adopt effective measures, such as legislation or
regulation, to restrict the marketing of foods and
beverages to children, and to ensure that schools and
sporting events where children gather are free from
unhealthy food marketing or promotion (including
through sponsorship).
• Implement effective taxes on sugar-sweetened
beverages.
20 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018
• Establish and implement healthy nutritional standards
for meals provided in all schools, ensuring that all foods
and beverages sold and promoted in schools encourage
and enable the adoption of healthy diets.
• Ensure that regular good quality physical education is
included in the school curriculum for all children.
• Increase access to adequate and safe facilities in
communities, schools and public spaces that allow
children to be active through play, recreation and sports.
• Ensure that health services fully support breastfeeding
through appropriate lactation counselling for prenatal
and postpartum mothers, and through the application
of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (26) in all
maternity facilities.
• Establish and disseminate national guidance for children
and their parents on physical activity, regulating the
use of screen-based entertainment, sleep and healthy
nutrition.
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8. Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene. 2017.
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cholera-surveillance.pdf?ua=1, accessed 25 March 2018).
10. Ali M, Nelson AR, Lopez AL, Sack DA. Updated global
burden of cholera in endemic countries. PLoS Negl Trop Dis.
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11. Cholera: global surveillance summary, 2008. Wkly Epidemiol Rec.
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15. Cholera, 2012. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2013;88(31):321–36 (http://
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February 2018. Brazzaville: WHO Regional Office for Africa; 2018
(http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/260157/1/OEW6-
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19. Cholera situation in Yemen. March 2018. Cairo: WHO Regional
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20. Prevention for a cholera free world [website]. Geneva: World
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[website]. Brazzaville: WHO Regional Office for Africa (http://
www.afro.who.int/news/south-sudan-declares-end-its-longest-
cholera-outbreak, accessed 25 March 2018).
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NMH/NHD/14.6; http://apps.who.int /iris/bitstream/
handle/10665/149021/WHO_NMH_NHD_14.6_eng.pdf;
jsessionid=219C715B3107EB472EC5D036186F03CA?sequence=2,
accessed 10 April 2018).
23. De Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann
J. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged
children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85:660–
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accessed 10 April 2018).
24. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in
body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975
to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement
studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet.
2017;390(10113):2627–42 (http://www.thelancet.com/journals/
lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)32129-3/fulltext, accessed 23
March 2018).
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Implementation plan: Executive summary. Geneva: World Health
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who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259349/WHO-NMH-
PND-ECHO-17.1-eng.pdf?sequence=1, accessed 10 April 2018).
26. Protecting, promoting and supporting breast-feeding: the special
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pdf?sequence=1, accessed 10 April 2018).
MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 21
ANNEX A
Summaries of selected health-related SDG indicators

Explanatory notes

The statistics shown below represent official WHO statistics for selected health-related SDG indicators based on evidence
available in early 2018. They have been compiled primarily from publications and databases produced and maintained by
WHO or United Nations groups of which WHO is a member. A number of statistics have been derived from data produced
and maintained by other international organizations. For each indicator, the source of the data series is provided. Member
States may have more data than are available for global monitoring.

For the first time in the World Health Statistics series, the type of data used for each data series (comparable estimates,
primary data or other data) is also provided. Please refer to Part 1 of this report for more information on these different
data categories.

It is important to note that comparable estimates are subject to considerable uncertainty, especially for countries where the
availability and quality of the underlying primary data is limited. Uncertainty intervals and other details on the indicators
and statistics presented here can be found online at the WHO Global Health Observatory.1

While every effort has been made to maximize the comparability of statistics across countries and over time, users are
advised that data series based on primary data may differ in terms of the definitions, data-collection methods, population
coverage and estimation methods used. Please refer to the accompanying footnotes for more details.

In some cases, as SDG indicator definitions are being refined and baseline data are being collected, proxy indicators have
been presented in this annex and have been clearly indicated as such through the use of accompanying footnotes.

For indicators with a reference period expressed as a range, country values refer to the latest available year in the range
unless otherwise noted. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted in ascending order for mortality, incidence and
risk-factor indicators, and in descending order for coverage and capacity indicators. Countries for which data are not
available or applicable are sorted alphabetically at the end of the respective regional listing.

Changes in the values shown for indicators reported on in previous editions in the World Health Statistics series should
not be assumed to accurately reflect underlying trends. This applies to all data types (comparable estimates, primary data
and other data) and all reporting levels (country, regional and global). The data presented here may also differ from, and
should not be regarded as, the official national statistics of individual WHO Member States.

The Global Health Observatory (GHO) is WHO’s portal providing access to data and analyses for monitoring the global health situation. See: http://www.who.int/gho/en/, accessed 29
1

March 2018.

22 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 3.1.1 Maternal mortality
MATERNAL MORTALITY
SDG Target 3.1
By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100 000 live births
Indicator 3.1.1: Maternal mortality ratio

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births), 20151

Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Cabo Verde 42 Canada 7 Finland 3 Kuwait 4
Mauritius 53 United States of America 14 Greece 3 United Arab Emirates 6

Botswana 129 Uruguay 15 Iceland 3 Libya 9

Chile 22 Poland 3 Saudi Arabia 12
South Africa 138
Costa Rica 25 Austria 4 Qatar 13
Algeria 140
Barbados 27 Belarus 4 Bahrain 15
Sao Tome and Principe 156
Czechia 4 Lebanon 15
Grenada 27
Zambia 224
Italy 4
Belize 28 Oman 17
Namibia 265 Sweden 4
Mexico 38 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 25
Rwanda 290 Israel 5
Cuba 39 Egypt 33
Gabon 291 Norway 5
Brazil 44 Iraq 50
Senegal 315 Spain 5
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 45 Jordan 58
Switzerland 5
Ghana 319 Tunisia 62
Saint Lucia 48 Denmark 6
Comoros 335 Syrian Arab Republic 68
Argentina 52 Germany 6
Equatorial Guinea 342
El Salvador 54 Morocco 121
Slovakia 6
Uganda 343 Pakistan 178
Trinidad and Tobago 63 Belgium 7
Ethiopia 353 Djibouti 229
Colombia 64 Cyprus 7
Montenegro 7 Sudan 311
Madagascar 353 Ecuador 64
Netherlands 7 Yemen 385
Togo 368 Peru 68
Croatia 8 Afghanistan 396
Burkina Faso 371 Bahamas 80
France 8 Somalia 732
Swaziland 389 Guatemala 88
Ireland 8
Jamaica 89
United Republic of Tanzania 398
TheYugoslav
The former former Yugoslav Republic
Republic of of .. 8
Macedonia
WPR
Dominican Republic 92
Benin 405
Estonia 9 Japan 5
Panama 94
Congo 442 Malta 9 Australia 6
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 95
Zimbabwe 443 Slovenia 9 Singapore 10
Honduras 129
Angola 477 United Kingdom 9 New Zealand 11
Paraguay 132
Lithuania 10
Lesotho 487 Republic of Korea 11
Nicaragua 150 Luxembourg 10
Mozambique 489 Brunei Darussalam 23
Suriname 155 Portugal 10
Eritrea 501 China 27
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 206 Bosnia and Herzegovina 11
Kenya 510 Fiji 30
Guyana 229 Bulgaria 11
Guinea-Bissau 549 Malaysia 40
Haiti 359 Kazakhstan 12
Niger 553 Mongolia 44
Antigua and Barbuda Turkey 16
Hungary 17 Samoa 51
Mali 587 Dominica
Serbia 17 Viet Nam 54
Cameroon 596 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Latvia 18 Vanuatu 78
Mauritania 602

Malawi 634 SEAR Republic of Moldova 23 Kiribati 90

Ukraine 24 Micronesia (Federated States of) 100

Côte d'Ivoire 645 Thailand 20
Armenia 25 Philippines 114
Guinea 679 Sri Lanka 30
Azerbaijan 25 Solomon Islands 114
Democratic Republic of the Congo 693 Maldives 68 Russian Federation 25
Tonga 124
Gambia 706 Democratic People's Republic of 82 Albania 29
Korea Cambodia 161
Burundi 712 Romania 31
Indonesia 126 Lao People's Democratic Republic 197
Liberia 725 Tajikistan 32
Bhutan 148 Papua New Guinea 215
Georgia 36
South Sudan 789
India 174 Cook Islands
Uzbekistan 36
Nigeria 814 Marshall Islands
Bangladesh 176 Turkmenistan 42
Chad 856 Nauru
Kyrgyzstan 76
Myanmar 178
Central African Republic 882 Andorra Niue
Sierra Leone 1 360 Timor-Leste 215
Monaco Palau
Seychelles Nepal 258 San Marino Tuvalu

Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015. Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015
1

(http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/monitoring/maternal-mortality-2015/en/, accessed 29 March 2018). WHO Member States with a population of less than 100 000 in
2015 were not included in the analysis.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 23

 Indicator 3.1.2 Skilled birth attendance
SKILLED BIRTH ATTENDANCE
SDG Target 3.1
By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100 000 live births
Indicator 3.1.2: Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel

Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (%), latest available data, 2007–20171
Data type: Primary data

2012 or later Pre-2012

AFR AMR EUR EMR
Botswana² 100 Antigua and Barbuda³ 100 Armenia³ 100 Bahrain² 100

Mauritius³ 100 Argentina 100 Azerbaijan³ 100 Jordan 100

Seychelles³ 99 Bahamas² 100 Belarus³ 100 Kuwait² 100

Chile 100 Bosnia and Herzegovina 100 Libya³ 100

Algeria 97
100 Bulgaria 100 Oman³ 100
South Africa 97 Cuba²
Dominican Republic² 100 Croatia 100 Qatar 100
Sao Tome and Principe³ 92
Czechia² 100 United Arab Emirates³ 100
El Salvador 100
Cabo Verde 91
Finland² 100
Saint Kitts and Nevis³ 100 Iran (Islamic Republic of)³ 99
Congo 91 Georgia 100
Trinidad and Tobago² 100 Saudi Arabia³ 98
Rwanda³ 91 Ireland² 100
Uruguay 100 Syrian Arab Republic³ 96
Malawi³ 90 Italy² 100
Barbados² 99 Egypt 92
Gabon³ 89 Latvia² 100
Brazil² 99 Djibouti³ 87
Lithuania³ 100
Namibia 88 Sudan³ 78
Grenada² 99
Luxembourg² 100
Swaziland 88
99 Morocco 74
Jamaica³ Malta² 100
Burundi 85 99 Tunisia 74
Saint Lucia Poland² 100
Comoros 82 Iraq² 70
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines³ 99 Republic of Moldova³ 100
Burkina Faso 80 100 Pakistan³ 55
United States of America 99 Russian Federation³
Serbia³ 100 Afghanistan³ 50
Democratic Republic of the Congo 80 Canada² 98
Slovenia² 100 Yemen³ 45
Lesotho 78 Mexico 98
TheThe former
former Yugoslav
Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of ..
of Macedonia3 100 Lebanon
Zimbabwe 78 Belize 97
Turkmenistan 100 Somalia
Benin 77 Ecuador 97
Ukraine³ 100
Colombia 96
Côte d'Ivoire 74
Uzbekistan³ 100 WPR
Dominica² 96
Uganda 74
Albania 99 Australia² 100
Guinea³ 72 Paraguay 96
Estonia² 99 Brunei Darussalam³ 100
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)² 96
Ghana 71 Germany² 99 China³ 100
Panama 95
Mauritania 69 Hungary³ 99 Cook Islands³ 100
Peru 92 Kazakhstan 99
Equatorial Guinea³ 68 Fiji³ 100
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)³ 90 Montenegro 99
Cameroon 65 Japan² 100
Costa Rica 90 Norway² 99
United Republic of Tanzania³ 64 Micronesia (Federated States of)³ 100
Nicaragua³ 88 Portugal² 99
Zambia 63 Niue³ 100
Guyana 86 Austria² 98
Palau 100
Kenya 62 Iceland² 98
Honduras 83
Republic of Korea² 100
Liberia 61 Kyrgyzstan 98
Suriname² 80
Slovakia³ 98 Singapore² 100
Sierra Leone 60
Guatemala 66
Cyprus² 97 Malaysia³ 99
Senegal 59 Haiti³ 42
France² 97 Mongolia 99
Gambia 57

Mozambique³ 54 SEAR Turkey³ 97 Kiribati³ 98

Democratic People's Republic of Romania³ 95 Nauru³ 97

Angola 47 100
Korea Denmark² 94 New Zealand² 96
Guinea-Bissau³ 45 Sri Lanka 99
Tajikistan³ 90
Tonga 96
Togo 45 Thailand³ 99 Andorra
Viet Nam 94
Madagascar 44
Maldives 96 Belgium
Tuvalu 93
Mali 44 Greece
Indonesia 93 Marshall Islands 90
Nigeria 43 Israel
Bhutan³ 89 Cambodia³ 89
Monaco
Central African Republic 40
89
Vanuatu³
India³ 86 Netherlands
Niger 40 Solomon Islands³ 86
Myanmar³ 60 San Marino
Eritrea 34 Samoa³ 82
Spain
Nepal³ 58
Ethiopia³ 28 Sweden Philippines 73

Chad 20 Timor-Leste³ 57
Switzerland Lao People's Democratic Republic 40

South Sudan³ 19 Bangladesh³ 50 United Kingdom Papua New Guinea² 40

1
Joint UNICEF/WHO database 2018 of skilled health personnel, based on population-based national household survey data and routine health systems data. New York (NY): United Nations
Children’s Fund; 2018 (https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Interagency-SAB-Database_UNICEF_WHO_Apr-2018.xlsx).
2
Proportion of institutional births (%) used as a proxy for the SDG indicator.
3
Non-standard definition of skilled health personnel. For more details see the Joint UNICEF/WHO database 2018 of skilled health personnel.

24 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicators 3.2.1/3.2.2 Child mortality
CHILD MORTALITY
SDG Target 3.2
By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per
1000 live births and under-five mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births
Indicator 3.2.1: Under-five mortality rate / Indicator 3.2.2: Neonatal mortality rate
Under-five mortality (purple bar) and neonatal mortality (vertical line) rates (per 1000 live births), 20161
Data type: Comparable estimates
Under-five Neonatal

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Mauritius 13.7 Canada 4.9 Iceland 2.1 Bahrain 7.6

Seychelles 14.3 Cuba 5.5 Finland 2.3 United Arab Emirates 7.7

United States of America 6.5 Slovenia 2.3

Lebanon 8.1
Cabo Verde 21.4
Chile 8.3 Luxembourg 2.4
Kuwait 8.4
Algeria 25.2
Antigua and Barbuda 8.5 Cyprus 2.6
Sao Tome and Principe 33.8 Qatar 8.5

Costa Rica 8.8 Norway 2.6

Rwanda 38.5 Oman 10.7

Uruguay 9.2 Andorra 2.7

Libya 12.9
Botswana 40.6
San Marino 2.8
Saint Kitts and Nevis 9.3
Saudi Arabia 12.9
South Africa 43.3 Estonia 2.9
Bahamas 10.6
Tunisia 13.6
Eritrea 44.5 Sweden 2.9
Argentina 11.1
Czechia 3.2 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 15.1
Namibia 45.2
Barbados 12.3
Italy 3.3 Syrian Arab Republic 17.5
Madagascar 46.4 Saint Lucia 13.3
Spain 3.3 Jordan 17.6
Senegal 47.1 Mexico 14.6
Monaco 3.4 Egypt 22.8
Gabon 47.4 Belize 14.9
Austria 3.5 Morocco 27.1
Kenya 49.2 El Salvador 15.0
Portugal 3.5 Iraq 31.2
Uganda 53.0 Brazil 15.1
Ireland 3.6
Yemen 55.3
Congo 54.1 Colombia 15.3
Israel 3.6
Djibouti 64.2
Malawi 55.1 Jamaica 15.3
Germany 3.8
Sudan 65.1
Peru 15.3 Greece 3.8
Zimbabwe 56.4
Afghanistan 70.4
Grenada 16.0 Montenegro 3.8
United Republic of Tanzania 56.7 Pakistan 78.8
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 16.3 Netherlands 3.8
Ethiopia 58.4 Somalia 132.5
Panama 16.4 Belarus 3.9
Ghana 58.8
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 16.6 Belgium 3.9
Zambia 63.4
France 3.9
WPR
Trinidad and Tobago 18.5
Gambia 65.3 Switzerland 4.1 Japan 2.7
Honduras 18.7
Liberia 67.4 United Kingdom 4.3 Singapore 2.8
Nicaragua 19.7

Swaziland 70.4 Denmark 4.4 Republic of Korea 3.4

Paraguay 19.9
Latvia 4.6 Australia 3.7
Mozambique 71.3 Suriname 20.0
Croatia 4.7 New Zealand 5.4
Burundi 71.7 Ecuador 20.9
Poland 4.7 Cook Islands 7.8
Comoros 73.3 Guatemala 28.5
Hungary 5.2 Malaysia 8.3
Togo 75.7 Dominican Republic 30.7
Lithuania 5.3 Brunei Darussalam 9.9
Cameroon 79.7 Guyana 32.4
Serbia 5.8 China 9.9
Dominica 34.0
Mauritania 81.4 Slovakia 5.9
Palau 15.9
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 36.9
Angola 82.5 Bosnia and Herzegovina 6.0
Tonga 16.4
Haiti 67.0
Burkina Faso 84.6 Malta 6.8
Samoa 17.3

Guinea-Bissau Bulgaria 7.6

88.1 Mongolia 17.9
SEAR Russian Federation 7.7
Guinea 89.0 Viet Nam 21.6
Maldives 8.5 Romania 9.0
South Sudan 90.7 Fiji 22.0
Sri Lanka 9.4 Ukraine 9.1
Equatorial Guinea 90.9 Niue 22.2
Georgia 10.7
Thailand 12.2 Tuvalu 25.3
Niger 91.3
Kazakhstan 11.4
Democratic People's Republic of 20.0 Solomon Islands 25.8
Côte d'Ivoire 91.8
Korea The former
The former Yugoslav
Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of ..
of Macedonia 12.2
Philippines 27.1
Lesotho 93.5 Indonesia 26.4 Turkey 12.7
Vanuatu 27.6
Democratic Republic of the Congo 94.3 Armenia 13.4
Bhutan 32.4
Albania 13.5 Cambodia 30.6
Benin 97.6
Bangladesh 34.2 Micronesia (Federated States of) 33.3
Republic of Moldova 15.9
Nigeria 104.3
Nepal 34.5 Kyrgyzstan 21.1 Nauru 34.6
Mali 110.6
Marshall Islands 35.4
India 43.0 Uzbekistan 24.1
Sierra Leone 113.5
Azerbaijan 30.9 Kiribati 54.3

Central African Republic 123.6 Timor-Leste 49.7

Tajikistan 43.1 Papua New Guinea 54.3

Chad 127.3 Myanmar 50.8 Turkmenistan 51.0 Lao People's Democratic Republic 63.9

Numbers next to the bars denote under-five mortality rates . Source: Levels & Trends in Child Mortality. Report 2017. Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality
1

Estimation. United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, World Bank and United Nations. New York (NY): United Nations Children’s Fund; 2017 (http://www.childmortality.org/
files_v21/download/IGME%20report%202017%20child%20mortality%20final.pdf, accessed 29 March 2018).

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 25

Indicator 3.3.1 HIV incidence
HIV INCIDENCE
SDG Target 3.3
By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, waterborne diseases and other communicable
diseases
Indicator 3.3.1: Number of new HIV infections per 1000 uninfected population, by sex, age and key populations
New HIV infections (per 1000 uninfected population), 20161
Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Comoros <0.01 Nicaragua 0.06 Croatia 0.02 Jordan <0.01
Algeria 0.02 Peru 0.09 Slovakia 0.02 Egypt 0.02

Senegal 0.08 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.10 TheYugoslav

The former former Yugoslav Republic
Republic of of .. 0.02
Macedonia Kuwait 0.02
Mexico 0.10 Bulgaria 0.03 Lebanon 0.02
Niger 0.09
Honduras 0.11 Netherlands 0.03 Qatar 0.02
Mauritania 0.12
Colombia 0.12 Serbia 0.03 Saudi Arabia 0.02
Eritrea 0.15
Slovenia 0.03 Afghanistan 0.03
Ecuador 0.12
Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.17 Czechia 0.04
Argentina 0.13 Morocco 0.03
Madagascar 0.18 Romania 0.04
Uruguay 0.15 Tunisia 0.03
Burkina Faso 0.19 Ireland 0.06
El Salvador 0.16 Bahrain 0.04
Burundi 0.20 Italy 0.06
Guatemala 0.18 Yemen 0.04
Cabo Verde 0.31 Malta 0.06
Costa Rica 0.19 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.06
Sweden 0.06
Ethiopia 0.33 Pakistan 0.10
Paraguay 0.20 Albania 0.08
Mali 0.33 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.21 Sudan 0.13
Armenia 0.09
Benin 0.34 Brazil 0.24 Somalia 0.17
France 0.09
Chad 0.34 Dominican Republic 0.24 Djibouti 0.58
Lithuania 0.09
Togo 0.59 Iraq
Chile 0.28 Spain 0.09
Azerbaijan 0.10 Libya
Gambia 0.65 Cuba 0.29
Montenegro 0.11 Oman
Liberia 0.66 Trinidad and Tobago 0.29
Kyrgyzstan 0.13 Syrian Arab Republic
Guinea 0.67 Panama 0.34
Tajikistan 0.15 United Arab Emirates
Rwanda 0.70 Barbados 0.58
Kazakhstan 0.16
Suriname 0.62
Guinea-Bissau 0.72
Luxembourg 0.18 WPR
Jamaica 0.63
Ghana 0.78 Latvia 0.23 Mongolia 0.01
Belize 0.75
Côte d'Ivoire 0.86 Georgia 0.28 Cambodia 0.04
Guyana 0.77
Sierra Leone 0.86 Republic of Moldova 0.38 Australia 0.05
Haiti 0.77
Gabon 0.92 Ukraine 0.38 Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.10
Antigua and Barbuda
Angola 0.94 Andorra Philippines 0.11
Bahamas Austria
United Republic of Tanzania 1.19 Fiji 0.12
Canada Belarus
Nigeria 1.23 Viet Nam 0.12
Dominica Belgium
South Sudan 1.35 Malaysia 0.19
Grenada Bosnia and Herzegovina
Cameroon 1.39 Papua New Guinea 0.37
Saint Kitts and Nevis Cyprus
Kenya 1.46 Brunei Darussalam
Saint Lucia Denmark
Estonia China
Uganda 1.50 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Finland Cook Islands
Congo 1.65 United States of America
Germany Japan
Central African Republic 1.80

Malawi 2.29
SEAR Greece Kiribati
Hungary Marshall Islands
Equatorial Guinea 2.71 Bangladesh <0.01
Iceland Micronesia (Federated States of)
Zimbabwe 3.03 Nepal 0.03
Israel Nauru
Mozambique 3.63 Sri Lanka 0.03 Monaco
New Zealand
Zambia 4.08 India 0.06 Norway
Niue
Namibia 4.37 Poland
Thailand 0.10 Palau
Botswana 5.52 Portugal
Indonesia 0.19 Republic of Korea
Russian Federation
South Africa 5.58
Myanmar 0.22 Samoa
San Marino
Swaziland 9.37 Singapore
Bhutan Switzerland
Lesotho 12.68 Solomon Islands
Democratic People's Republic of Turkey
Mauritius Korea Turkmenistan Tonga
Sao Tome and Principe Maldives United Kingdom Tuvalu
Seychelles Timor-Leste Uzbekistan Vanuatu

AIDSinfo [online database]. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS); 2017 (http://aidsinfo.unaids.org/, accessed 30 March 2018), and HIV/AIDS [online database].
1

Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/hiv/epidemic_status/incidence/en/, accessed 30 March 2018).

26 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 3.3.2 Tuberculosis incidence
TUBERCULOSIS INCIDENCE
SDG Target 3.3
By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, waterborne diseases and other communicable
diseases
Indicator 3.3.2: Tuberculosis incidence per 100 000 population

Tuberculosis incidence (per 100 000 population), 20161

Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Seychelles 15 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 Monaco 0 United Arab Emirates 0.79
Mauritius 22 Barbados 1.2 San Marino 0 Jordan 5.6

Comoros 35 Saint Lucia 1.9 Iceland 2.1 Oman 9

United States of America 3.1 Israel 3.5 Saudi Arabia 10
Togo 46
Antigua and Barbuda 3.4 Greece 4.4 Bahrain 12
Rwanda 50
Jamaica 4.5 Finland 4.7 Lebanon 12
Burkina Faso 51
Czechia 5 Egypt 14
Canada 5.2
Mali 56 Cyprus 5.6
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6.3 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 14
Benin 59 Luxembourg 5.8
Grenada 6.4 Syrian Arab Republic 21
Algeria 70 Netherlands 5.9
Cuba 6.9 Qatar 23
Eritrea 74 Slovakia 5.9
Dominica 7.8 Kuwait 24
Niger 93 Andorra 6
Costa Rica 9.5 Tunisia 38
Denmark 6.1
Sao Tome and Principe 99 Libya 40
Chile 16 Italy 6.1
Mauritania 102 Iraq 43
Trinidad and Tobago 18 Norway 6.1
Burundi 118
Mexico 22 Yemen 48
Slovenia 6.5
Cabo Verde 137 Sudan 82
Argentina 24 Ireland 7.1
Senegal 140 Morocco 103
Guatemala 24 France 7.7
Switzerland 7.8 Afghanistan 189
South Sudan 146 Bahamas 26
Germany 8.1 Pakistan 268
Chad 153 Suriname 26
Austria 8.2 Somalia 270
Côte d'Ivoire 153 Uruguay 29
Sweden 8.2 Djibouti 335
Ghana 156 Colombia 32
Hungary 8.8
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 32
Malawi 159
United Kingdom 9.9 WPR
Gambia 174 Belize 38
Belgium 10 Australia 6.1
Honduras 40
Guinea 176 Spain 10 New Zealand 7.3
Brazil 42
Ethiopia 177 Croatia 12 Samoa 7.7
Paraguay 42
Equatorial Guinea 181 Malta 13 Tonga 8.6
Nicaragua 48 Albania 16
Uganda 201 Cook Islands 13
Ecuador 50 Estonia 16
Cameroon 203 Japan 16
Panama 55 Montenegro 16
Zimbabwe 208 Niue 20
Dominican Republic 60 TheYugoslav
The former former Yugoslav Republic
Republic of of .. 16
Macedonia
Nigeria 219 Singapore 51
El Salvador 60 Poland 18
Madagascar 237 Vanuatu 56
Guyana 93 Turkey 18
Fiji 59
United Republic of Tanzania 287
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 114 Serbia 19
Portugal 20 China 64
Sierra Leone 304 Peru 117
Bulgaria 27 Brunei Darussalam 66
Liberia 308 Haiti 188
Bosnia and Herzegovina 32 Republic of Korea 77
Democratic Republic of the Congo 323

Botswana 326 SEAR Latvia 37 Solomon Islands 84

Armenia 44 Malaysia 92
Kenya 348 Maldives 49
Belarus 52 Nauru 112
Angola 370 Sri Lanka 65
Lithuania 53
Palau 123
Guinea-Bissau 374 Nepal 154 Turkmenistan 60
Viet Nam 133
Zambia 376 Thailand 172 Azerbaijan 66
Lao People's Democratic Republic 175
Congo 378 Russian Federation 66
Bhutan 178 Micronesia (Federated States of) 177
Kazakhstan 67
Swaziland 398
183
India 211 Mongolia
Romania 74
Central African Republic 407
207
Bangladesh 221 76 Tuvalu
Uzbekistan
Namibia 446 Cambodia 345
Myanmar 361 Tajikistan 85
Gabon 485 Marshall Islands 422
Ukraine 87
Indonesia 391
Mozambique 551 Georgia 92 Papua New Guinea 432

Lesotho 724 Timor-Leste 498

Republic of Moldova 101 Philippines 554
Democratic People's Republic of 145
South Africa 781 513 Kyrgyzstan Kiribati 566
Korea

Global tuberculosis report 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/, accessed 30 March 2018).
1

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 27

Indicator 3.3.3 Malaria incidence
MALARIA INCIDENCE
SDG Target 3.3
By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, waterborne diseases and other communicable
diseases
Indicator 3.3.3: Malaria incidence per 1000 population

Malaria incidence (per 1000 population at risk), 20161

Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Algeria 0.0 Argentina 0.0 Azerbaijan 0.0 Iraq 0.0
Cabo Verde 0.7 Paraguay 0.0 Georgia 0.0 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.2

South Africa 1.1 Belize <0.1 Kyrgyzstan 0.0 Saudi Arabia 0.2
Costa Rica <0.1 Tajikistan 0.0 Djibouti 9.6
Comoros 1.8
El Salvador <0.1 Turkey 0.0 Pakistan 10.6
Swaziland 1.9
Dominican Republic 0.3 Uzbekistan 0.0 Yemen 30.5
Botswana 2.4
Albania Afghanistan 30.8
Mexico 0.4
Sao Tome and Principe 11.2 Andorra
Panama 0.4 Sudan 35.3
Eritrea 17.2 Armenia
Guatemala 0.8 Somalia 60.2
Namibia 29.3 Austria
Suriname 1.4 Bahrain
Senegal 49.0 Belarus
Honduras 1.7 Egypt
Ethiopia 53.1 Belgium
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 2.7 Jordan
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Madagascar 64.4 Kuwait
Ecuador 3.8 Bulgaria
Guinea-Bissau 73.0
Brazil 6.7 Lebanon
Croatia
Zimbabwe 77.9 Nicaragua 7.8 Libya
Cyprus
Kenya 85.3 Haiti 13.9 Morocco
Czechia
Mauritania 88.5 Oman
Colombia 17.2 Denmark
Estonia Qatar
Angola 120.3 Peru 17.8
Finland Syrian Arab Republic
Gambia 129.6 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 44.7

77.7 France Tunisia

United Republic of Tanzania 144.2 Guyana
Germany United Arab Emirates
Burundi 156.2 Antigua and Barbuda
Greece
Bahamas
South Sudan 159.0
Hungary WPR
Barbados
Chad 167.6
Iceland China <0.1
Canada
Uganda 187.2 Ireland Viet Nam 0.1
Chile
Zambia 189.8 Israel Malaysia 0.2
Cuba
Congo 204.7 Italy Republic of Korea 0.3
Dominica
Gabon 206.2 Kazakhstan Philippines 0.5
Grenada Latvia
Côte d'Ivoire 223.2 Lao People's Democratic Republic 7.8
Jamaica Lithuania
Liberia 237.0 Cambodia 8.9
Saint Kitts and Nevis Luxembourg
Equatorial Guinea 238.8 Vanuatu 14.7
Saint Lucia Malta
Solomon Islands 144.8
Malawi 249.1
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Monaco
Papua New Guinea 179.4
Cameroon 271.3 Trinidad and Tobago Montenegro
Netherlands Australia
Ghana 285.6 United States of America
Norway Brunei Darussalam
Democratic Republic of the Congo 291.9 Uruguay
Poland Cook Islands
Benin 297.3

Sierra Leone 303.5

SEAR Portugal Fiji
Republic of Moldova Japan
Mozambique 307.8 Sri Lanka 0.0
Romania Kiribati
Central African Republic 311.6 Bhutan <0.1
Russian Federation Marshall Islands
Democratic People's Republic of 0.5
Nigeria 349.6 San Marino
Korea Micronesia (Federated States of)
Togo 360.4 Bangladesh 0.6 Serbia
Mongolia
Niger 378.9 Slovakia
Nepal 0.9 Nauru
Guinea 386.5 Slovenia
Timor-Leste 0.9 New Zealand
Spain
Rwanda 392.7
Thailand 1.6 Niue
Sweden
Burkina Faso 423.3 Palau
Myanmar 7.2 Switzerland
Mali 459.7 Samoa
The former
The former YugoslavYugoslav
Republic Republic of ..
of Macedonia
Indonesia 9.2
Lesotho Turkmenistan Singapore
Mauritius India 18.8 Ukraine Tonga
Seychelles Maldives United Kingdom Tuvalu

World malaria report 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 (http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2017/report/en/, accessed 30 March 2018).
1

28 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 3.3.4 Hepatitis B incidence
HEPATITIS B INCIDENCE
SDG Target 3.3
By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, waterborne diseases and other communicable
diseases
Indicator 3.3.4: Hepatitis B incidence per 100 000 population

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence among children under 5 years old (%), 20151
Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Seychelles 0.15 Argentina 0.01 France 0.01 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.02
Botswana 0.19 Mexico 0.04 Ireland 0.01 Iraq 0.06

Algeria 0.22 United States of America 0.04 Norway 0.01 United Arab Emirates 0.08
Guatemala 0.05 Netherlands 0.04 Kuwait 0.11
Mauritius 0.61
Brazil 0.07 Poland 0.04 Bahrain 0.18
Namibia 0.66
Cuba 0.12 Andorra 0.08 Qatar 0.20
Cabo Verde 0.71
Portugal 0.10 Lebanon 0.21
Nicaragua 0.14
Eritrea 0.74 Croatia 0.11
Jamaica 0.16 Libya 0.27
Swaziland 0.85 Serbia 0.11
Costa Rica 0.17 Saudi Arabia 0.30
Kenya 0.86 Switzerland 0.17
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.20 Syrian Arab Republic 0.37
Gambia 1.17 Belgium 0.18
Colombia 0.21 Oman 0.44
Sao Tome and Principe 1.36 Lithuania 0.19
Panama 0.22 Morocco 0.45
Spain 0.19
Democratic Republic of the Congo 1.43 Afghanistan 0.50
Peru 0.24 Belarus 0.20
Lesotho 1.64 Djibouti 0.64
Honduras 0.25 Monaco 0.20
United Republic of Tanzania 1.69
Chile 0.28 Tunisia 0.76
TheYugoslav
The former former Yugoslav
Republic ofRepublic of .. 0.20
Macedonia
Rwanda 1.74 Egypt 0.80
Bahamas 0.31 Kazakhstan 0.21
South Africa 1.74 Jordan 1.01
Ecuador 0.32 United Kingdom 0.22
Turkmenistan 0.23 Yemen 2.54
Zambia 1.84 Barbados 0.34
Germany 0.24 Pakistan 2.75
Cameroon 1.90 Dominican Republic 0.34
Luxembourg 0.24 Sudan 2.86
Comoros 1.96 Uruguay 0.35
Armenia 0.25 Somalia 10.54
Guinea-Bissau 2.12 Suriname 0.36
Georgia 0.26
Antigua and Barbuda 0.38
Burundi 2.59
Azerbaijan 0.27 WPR
Ethiopia 2.61 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.38
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.30 Australia 0.15
Dominica 0.39
Nigeria 2.61 Bulgaria 0.31 Malaysia 0.17
Saint Lucia 0.39
Malawi 3.03 Austria 0.32 Palau 0.21
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.42
Côte d'Ivoire 3.04 San Marino 0.32 Cook Islands 0.22
Trinidad and Tobago 0.43 Sweden 0.32
Chad 3.08 Niue 0.24
Grenada 0.47 Turkey 0.32
Uganda 3.16 Brunei Darussalam 0.34
El Salvador 0.57 Estonia 0.36
Togo 3.36 Fiji 0.34
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.62 Greece 0.37
Senegal 3.48 Singapore 0.47
Paraguay 0.65 Czechia 0.39
Ghana 3.61 Cambodia 0.56
Guyana 0.95 Malta 0.39
Mozambique 3.67 Republic of Korea 0.69
Canada 1.03 Hungary 0.44
Ukraine 0.46 Tuvalu 0.70
Congo 4.11 Belize 1.49
Israel 0.48 China 0.83
Gabon 4.16 Haiti 2.04
Kyrgyzstan 0.50 Micronesia (Federated States of) 0.89
Burkina Faso 4.29

Mauritania 4.29 SEAR Latvia 0.51 Samoa 1.05

Slovakia 0.56 Philippines 1.07
Madagascar 4.36 Thailand 0.17
Cyprus 0.60 New Zealand 1.20
Zimbabwe 4.38 Maldives 0.19
Uzbekistan 0.60 Viet Nam 1.20
Angola 4.85 Nepal 0.31 Italy 0.61
Marshall Islands 1.56
Mali 4.88 India 0.51 Montenegro 0.65
Mongolia 1.72
Benin 5.55 Democratic People's Republic of 0.53 Republic of Moldova 0.65
Korea Lao People's Democratic Republic 1.94
Niger 6.01 Romania 0.65
Sri Lanka 0.64 Japan 1.95
Tajikistan 0.71
Central African Republic 6.62
2.11
Bhutan 0.81 Nauru
Denmark 0.79
Guinea 7.47 Papua New Guinea 2.24
Timor-Leste 0.87 Iceland 0.88
Liberia 7.75 Tonga 2.35
Russian Federation 0.88
Indonesia 1.07
Sierra Leone 8.18 Slovenia 1.04 Solomon Islands 2.93

Equatorial Guinea 8.66 Bangladesh 1.38 Finland 1.05 Kiribati 3.65

South Sudan 21.13 Myanmar 2.03 Albania 1.29 Vanuatu 8.48

This indicator is used here as a proxy for the SDG indicator. Data source: Global and Country Estimates of immunization coverage and chronic HBV infection [online database]. Geneva:
1

World Health Organization; 23 March 2017 update (http://whohbsagdashboard.com/#global-strategies, accessed 30 March 2018).

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 29

Indicator 3.3.5 Need for neglected tropical disease interventions
NEED FOR NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASE INTERVENTIONS
SDG Target 3.3
By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable
diseases
Indicator 3.3.5: Number of people requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseases

Reported number of people (in thousands) requiring interventions against NTDs, 20161
Data type: Other data

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Algeria 0.0 Canada 0.0 Andorra 0.0 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.0
Mauritius 0.0 Chile <0.1 Belarus 0.0 Oman 0.0

Seychelles 0.0 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines <0.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0 Saudi Arabia 0.0
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.1 Cyprus 0.0 Bahrain <0.1
Cabo Verde 146
Antigua and Barbuda 0.2 Denmark 0.0 Kuwait <0.1
Gambia 177
Grenada 0.2 Estonia 0.0 Lebanon <0.1
Swaziland 198
Iceland 0.0 Libya <0.1
United States of America 0.9
Sao Tome and Principe 200 Luxembourg 0.0
Barbados 1 Morocco <0.1
Botswana 262 Monaco 0.0
Uruguay 1 Qatar <0.1
Equatorial Guinea 429 Republic of Moldova 0.0
Bahamas 4 United Arab Emirates <0.1
Comoros 528 Russian Federation 0.0
Belize 7 Jordan 0.1
Lesotho 531 San Marino 0.0
Dominica 7 Tunisia 6
Serbia 0.0
Mauritania 590 Syrian Arab Republic 47
Trinidad and Tobago 19 Switzerland 0.0
Gabon 694 Costa Rica 24 Djibouti 111
Ukraine 0.0
Namibia 1 097 Saint Lucia 27 Egypt 1 674
Albania <0.1
Eritrea 1 498 Cuba 44 Iraq 2 170
Austria <0.1
Guinea-Bissau 1 577 Somalia 5 164
Suriname 58 Belgium <0.1
Croatia <0.1 Yemen 5 986
Congo 2 278 Argentina 80
Czechia <0.1 Afghanistan 13 275
Liberia 2 920 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 282
Finland <0.1 Sudan 25 572
Central African Republic 3 757 Jamaica 348
France <0.1 Pakistan 31 683
Rwanda 5 191 Panama 453
Greece <0.1
Guyana 720
Burundi 5 898
Hungary <0.1 WPR
El Salvador 743
Chad 6 139 Ireland <0.1 Cook Islands 0.0
Paraguay 791
Togo 6 328 Italy <0.1 Mongolia 0.0
Nicaragua 927
South Africa 6 784 Latvia <0.1 New Zealand 0.0
Dominican Republic 971
Benin 6 938 Lithuania <0.1 Japan <0.1
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1 880
Guinea 7 246 Malta <0.1 Niue <0.1
Ecuador 1 943
Montenegro <0.1
Sierra Leone 7 652 Palau <0.1
Honduras 2 752 Netherlands <0.1
Zimbabwe 9 958 Republic of Korea 0.3
Peru 2 815 Norway <0.1
South Sudan 9 991 Nauru 3
Guatemala 3 266 Poland <0.1
Malawi 11 435 Brunei Darussalam 9
Colombia 3 761 Portugal <0.1
Zambia 11 573 Tuvalu 11
Haiti 7 581 Romania <0.1
Slovakia <0.1 Singapore 13
Senegal 11 636 Mexico 9 532
Slovenia <0.1 Marshall Islands 20
Kenya 11 771 Brazil 10 461
Spain <0.1 Australia 21
Burkina Faso 12 492

Angola 14 419
SEAR Sweden <0.1 Tonga 37
The former
The former Yugoslav
Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of .. <0.1
of Macedonia Samoa 61
Niger 15 234 Maldives 2
Turkmenistan <0.1 Micronesia (Federated States of) 71
Ghana 15 537 Sri Lanka 56
United Kingdom <0.1 Kiribati 117
Côte d'Ivoire 16 757 Thailand 64 Germany 0.1
Malaysia 120
Mali 18 606 Bhutan 242 Israel 0.2
Vanuatu 271
Madagascar 18 863 Kazakhstan 0.2
Timor-Leste 1 167 Solomon Islands 518
Cameroon 19 390 Bulgaria 0.3
Democratic People's Republic of 5 215 Fiji 905
Korea Turkey 1
Uganda 23 486
Nepal 17 553 Lao People's Democratic Republic 2 206
Armenia 39
Mozambique 23 921 Cambodia 4 771
Myanmar 39 343 Kyrgyzstan 114
United Republic of Tanzania 25 009 Papua New Guinea 6 529
Tajikistan 126
Bangladesh 47 484
Democratic Republic of the Congo 49 901 Uzbekistan 406 Viet Nam 6 954

Ethiopia 74 205 Indonesia 101 813

Georgia 412 China 26 376

Nigeria 128 937 India x3 458 855 Azerbaijan 1 719 Philippines 49 110

Neglected tropical diseases [online database]. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/neglected_diseases/en/). Scales differ by
1

region. The bar for India is rescaled to one third of its actual length.

30 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 3.4.1 Mortality due to noncommunicable diseases
MORTALITY DUE TO NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES
SDG Target 3.4
By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being
Indicator 3.4.1: Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease

Probability of dying from any of CVD, cancer, diabetes, CRD between age 30 and exact age 70 (%), 20161
Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Kenya 13.4 Canada 9.8 Switzerland 8.6 Bahrain 11.3

Algeria 14.2 Costa Rica 11.5 Iceland 9.1 Morocco 12.4

Gabon 14.4 Chile 12.4 Sweden 9.1 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 14.8

Peru 12.6 Norway 9.2 Qatar 15.3

Malawi 16.4
Ecuador 13.0 Italy 9.5 Tunisia 16.1
Angola 16.5
Panama 13.0 Israel 9.6 Saudi Arabia 16.4
Congo 16.7
Spain 9.9 United Arab Emirates 16.8
El Salvador 14.0
Cabo Verde 17.2
Luxembourg 10.0
Honduras 14.0 Kuwait 17.4
Liberia 17.6 Finland 10.2
Nicaragua 14.2 Oman 17.8
United Republic of Tanzania 17.9 Ireland 10.3
United States of America 14.6 Lebanon 17.9
Zambia 17.9 France 10.6
Jamaica 14.7 Jordan 19.2
Mauritania 18.1 Malta 10.8
Guatemala 14.9 Djibouti 19.6
United Kingdom 10.9
Senegal 18.1 Libya 20.1
Bahamas 15.5
Portugal 11.1
Rwanda 18.2 Iraq 21.3
Mexico 15.7 Netherlands 11.2
Ethiopia 18.3
Argentina 15.8 Somalia 21.8
Cyprus 11.3
Mozambique 18.4 15.8 Syrian Arab Republic 21.8
Colombia Denmark 11.3
Sao Tome and Principe 18.5 11.4 Pakistan 24.7
Barbados 16.2 Austria
Belgium 11.4 Sudan 26.0
Zimbabwe 19.3 Cuba 16.4
Germany 12.1 Egypt 27.7
Democratic Republic of the Congo 19.4 Brazil 16.6
Greece 12.4 Afghanistan 29.8
Benin 19.6 Uruguay 16.7
Slovenia 12.7 Yemen 30.6
South Sudan 19.8 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 17.2
Czechia 15.0
Paraguay 17.5
Guinea-Bissau 20.0
Turkey 16.1 WPR
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 18.1
Niger 20.0
Croatia 16.7 Republic of Korea 7.8
Saint Lucia 18.8
Botswana 20.3 Albania 17.0 Japan 8.4
Dominican Republic 19.0
Gambia 20.4 Estonia 17.0 Australia 9.1
Trinidad and Tobago 21.3
17.2
Ghana 20.8 Slovakia Singapore 9.3
Grenada 21.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina 17.8
Seychelles 21.2 New Zealand 10.1
Suriname 21.7 Poland 18.7
Namibia 21.3 Brunei Darussalam 16.6
Belize 22.1 Serbia 19.1
Cameroon 21.6 China 17.0
Antigua and Barbuda 22.6 The former
The former Yugoslav
Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of ..
of Macedonia 20.3
Burkina Faso 21.7 Viet Nam 17.1
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 23.2 Montenegro 20.6
Malaysia 17.2
Uganda 21.9 Lithuania 20.7
Haiti 26.5
Samoa 20.6
Equatorial Guinea 22.0
Guyana 30.5 Romania 21.4

Latvia 21.9 Cambodia 21.1

Guinea 22.4 Dominica
Azerbaijan 22.2 Tonga 23.3
Nigeria 22.5 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Armenia 22.3 Vanuatu 23.3
Mauritius 22.6

Burundi 22.9 SEAR Hungary 23.0 Solomon Islands 23.8

Bulgaria 23.6 Micronesia (Federated States of) 26.1

Maldives 13.4
Comoros 22.9
Belarus 23.7 Philippines 26.8
Madagascar 22.9 Thailand 14.5
Uzbekistan 24.5
Lao People's Democratic Republic 27.0
Central African Republic 23.1 Sri Lanka 17.4 Ukraine 24.7
Kiribati 28.4
Togo 23.6 Timor-Leste 19.9 Georgia 24.9
Papua New Guinea 30.0
Chad 23.9 Kyrgyzstan 24.9
Bangladesh 21.6 Mongolia 30.2
Republic of Moldova 24.9
Eritrea 23.9
30.6
Nepal 21.8 Fiji
Tajikistan 25.3
Mali 24.6
Bhutan 23.3 25.4 Cook Islands
Russian Federation
South Africa 26.2 Marshall Islands
India 23.3 Kazakhstan 26.8
Lesotho 26.6 Nauru
Turkmenistan 29.5
Myanmar 24.2
Swaziland 26.7 Andorra Niue
Democratic People's Republic of 25.6
Côte d'Ivoire 29.1 Korea Monaco Palau
Sierra Leone 30.5 Indonesia 26.4 San Marino Tuvalu

Global Health Estimates 2016: Deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000–2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. WHO Member States with a population of less
1

than 90 000 in 2016 were not included in the analysis.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 31

Indicator 3.4.2 Suicide mortality rate
SUICIDE MORTALITY RATE
SDG Target 3.4
By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being
Indicator 3.4.2: Suicide mortality rate

Suicide mortality rate (per 100 000 population), 20161

Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Sao Tome and Principe 2.3 Antigua and Barbuda 0.5 Tajikistan 2.5 Syrian Arab Republic 1.9
Algeria 3.2 Barbados 0.8 Azerbaijan 2.6 Kuwait 2.3

Kenya 3.2 Bahamas 1.7 Greece 5.0 United Arab Emirates 2.8

Grenada 1.7 Cyprus 5.3 Jordan 2.9

Malawi 3.7
Jamaica 2.2 Israel 5.4 Morocco 2.9
South Sudan 3.7
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2.4 Albania 6.3 Pakistan 2.9
Madagascar 3.9
Armenia 6.6 Iraq 3.0
Guatemala 2.7
Guinea-Bissau 4.0
Turkmenistan 6.7
Honduras 2.9 Saudi Arabia 3.2
Mauritania 4.4 Turkey 7.3
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 3.7 Lebanon 3.3
Niger 4.6 Uzbekistan 7.4
Panama 4.3 Tunisia 3.4
Angola 4.7 Malta 7.5
Belize 4.7 Oman 3.9
Mali 4.8 TheYugoslav
The former former Yugoslav Republic
Republic of of ..
Macedonia 7.9
Peru 4.9 Egypt 4.0
Georgia 8.2
Mozambique 4.9 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 4.1
Mexico 5.1
Italy 8.2
Gambia 5.1 Afghanistan 4.7
Brazil 6.5 Kyrgyzstan 8.3
Ghana 5.4
Ecuador 7.1 Somalia 4.7
Spain 8.7
United Republic of Tanzania 5.4 7.2 Libya 5.2
Colombia Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.8
Democratic Republic of the Congo 5.7 8.9 Bahrain 5.9
Saint Lucia 7.8 United Kingdom
Montenegro 10.3 Qatar 6.6
Congo 5.9 Costa Rica 7.9
Romania 10.4 Djibouti 6.7
Senegal 6.0 Argentina 9.2
Bulgaria 11.5 Sudan 8.1
Zambia 6.1 Paraguay 9.5
Ireland 11.5 Yemen 8.5
Guinea 6.3 Dominican Republic 9.9
Norway 12.2
Chile 10.6
Rwanda 6.7
Netherlands 12.6 WPR
Haiti 11.7
Comoros 6.8
Denmark 12.8 Philippines 3.2
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 12.2
Liberia 6.8 Slovakia 12.8 Tonga 3.5
Nicaragua 12.2
Gabon 7.1 Czechia 13.1 Samoa 4.4
Canada 12.5
13.5
Ethiopia 7.2 Luxembourg Vanuatu 4.5
Trinidad and Tobago 13.6
Germany 13.6
Burkina Faso 7.7 Brunei Darussalam 4.6
El Salvador 13.7 Iceland 14.0
Central African Republic 7.7 Solomon Islands 4.7
Cuba 13.9 Portugal 14.0
Mauritius 7.8 Fiji 5.0
United States of America 15.3 Sweden 14.8
Eritrea 7.9 Cambodia 5.3
Uruguay 18.4 Austria 15.6
Malaysia 5.5
Namibia 8.7 Serbia 15.6
Suriname 22.8
Papua New Guinea 6.0
Chad 8.8
Guyana 29.2 Finland 15.9

Republic of Moldova 15.9 Viet Nam 7.3

Burundi 9.1 Dominica
Poland 16.2 Lao People's Democratic Republic 8.6
Botswana 9.3 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Croatia 16.5 China 9.7
Seychelles 9.3

Nigeria 9.5 SEAR Switzerland 17.2 Singapore 9.9

France 17.7 Micronesia (Federated States of) 11.1

Maldives 2.3
Togo 9.6
Estonia 17.8 New Zealand 12.1
Sierra Leone 9.7 Indonesia 3.4
Slovenia 18.6
Mongolia 13.0
Benin 9.9 Timor-Leste 4.6 Hungary 19.1
Australia 13.2
Uganda 9.9 Bangladesh 5.9 Belgium 20.7
Kiribati 14.4
Zimbabwe 10.7 Latvia 21.2
Myanmar 7.8 Japan 18.5
Ukraine 22.4
Cabo Verde 11.3
26.9
Nepal 8.8 Republic of Korea
Kazakhstan 22.5
South Africa 11.6
Democratic People's Republic of 11.2 26.2 Cook Islands
Korea Belarus
Cameroon 12.2 Marshall Islands
Bhutan 11.4 Russian Federation 31.0
Swaziland 13.3 Nauru
Lithuania 31.9
Thailand 14.4
Côte d'Ivoire 14.5 Andorra Niue
Equatorial Guinea 16.4 Sri Lanka 14.6
Monaco Palau
Lesotho 21.2 India 16.3 San Marino Tuvalu

Global Health Estimates 2016: Deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000–2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. WHO Member States with a population of less
1

than 90 000 in 2016 were not included in the analysis.

32 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 3.5.2 Alcohol use
ALCOHOL USE
SDG Target 3.5
Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol
Indicator 3.5.2: Harmful use of alcohol, defined according to the national context as alcohol per capita consumption (aged 15 years and older) within a calendar year in litres
of pure alcohol

Total alcohol per capita (≥ 15 years of age) consumption in litres of pure alcohol, 20161
Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Mauritania 0.0 Guatemala 2.4 Azerbaijan 0.8 Kuwait 0.0
Niger 0.5 El Salvador 3.7 Turkey 2.0 Libya 0.0

Senegal 0.7 Honduras 4.0 Uzbekistan 2.7 Somalia 0.0

Jamaica 4.2 Tajikistan 3.3 Yemen 0.1
Algeria 0.9
Bahamas 4.4 Israel 3.8 Afghanistan 0.2
Comoros 0.9
Ecuador 4.4 Turkmenistan 5.4 Saudi Arabia 0.2
Eritrea 1.3
4.8
Armenia 5.5 Pakistan 0.3
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Guinea 1.3
Kyrgyzstan 6.2
Costa Rica 4.8 Syrian Arab Republic 0.3
Mali 1.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina 6.4
Suriname 5.1 Egypt 0.4
Chad 1.5 Albania 7.5
Nicaragua 5.2 Iraq 0.4
Madagascar 1.9 Italy 7.5
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 5.6 Djibouti 0.5
Mozambique 2.4 Norway 7.5
Colombia 5.8 Sudan 0.5
Kazakhstan 7.7
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2.6 Morocco 0.6
Haiti 5.8
Montenegro 8.0
Ghana 2.7
Cuba 6.1 Jordan 0.7
Malta 8.1
Ethiopia 2.8 Guyana 6.3 Oman 0.8
TheYugoslav
The former former Yugoslav Republic
Republic of of ..
Macedonia 8.1
Benin 3.0 Peru 6.3 8.6
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1.0
Ukraine
Togo 3.1 8.7 Lebanon 1.5
Mexico 6.5 Netherlands
Croatia 8.9 Bahrain 1.9
Central African Republic 3.3 Belize 6.7
Iceland 9.1 Tunisia 1.9
Kenya 3.4 Dominican Republic 6.9
Sweden 9.2 Qatar 2.0
Mauritius 3.6 Antigua and Barbuda 7.0
Georgia 9.8 United Arab Emirates 3.8
Malawi 3.7 Paraguay 7.2
Spain 10.0
Brazil 7.8
Gambia 3.8
Denmark 10.4 WPR
Panama 7.9
Guinea-Bissau 4.8
Greece 10.4 Brunei Darussalam 0.4
Dominica 8.2
Zambia 4.8 Finland 10.7 Kiribati 0.4
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8.2
Zimbabwe 4.8 Cyprus 10.8 Malaysia 0.9
Trinidad and Tobago 8.4
Lesotho 5.0 Serbia 11.1 Vanuatu 1.0
Canada 8.9
11.2
Cabo Verde 5.7 Belarus Papua New Guinea 1.2
Chile 9.3
Andorra 11.3
Sierra Leone 5.7 Solomon Islands 1.4
Grenada 9.3 Hungary 11.4
Liberia 5.8 Tonga 1.5
Saint Kitts and Nevis 9.4 United Kingdom 11.4
Angola 6.4 Tuvalu 1.7
Barbados 9.6 Slovakia 11.5
Singapore 2.0
Sao Tome and Principe 6.8
Argentina 9.8 Switzerland 11.5
Micronesia (Federated States of) 2.5
Burundi 7.5 United States of America 9.8 Austria 11.6

Estonia 11.6 Samoa 2.5

Congo 7.8 Saint Lucia 9.9
Poland 11.6 Fiji 3.0
Burkina Faso 8.2 Uruguay 10.8
Russian Federation 11.7 Nauru 6.0
Botswana 8.4

Côte d'Ivoire 8.4

SEAR Belgium 12.1 Philippines 6.6

Portugal 12.3 Cambodia 6.7

Cameroon 8.9 Bangladesh 0.0
France 12.6 Niue 7.0
Rwanda 9.0 Bhutan 0.6
Romania 12.6
China 7.2
South Africa 9.3 Indonesia 0.8 Slovenia 12.6
Mongolia 7.4
United Republic of Tanzania 9.4 Nepal 2.0 Bulgaria 12.7
Japan 8.0
Uganda 9.5 Latvia 12.9
Timor-Leste 2.1 Viet Nam 8.3
Ireland 13.0
Namibia 9.8
10.2
Maldives 2.7 Republic of Korea
Luxembourg 13.0
Swaziland 9.9
Democratic People's Republic of 10.4
3.9 13.4 Lao People's Democratic Republic
Korea Germany
Equatorial Guinea 11.3 Australia 10.6
Sri Lanka 4.3 Czechia 14.4
Gabon 11.5 Cook Islands 10.6
Lithuania 15.0
Myanmar 4.8
Seychelles 12.0 Republic of Moldova 15.2 New Zealand 10.7

Nigeria 13.4 India 5.7

Monaco Marshall Islands
South Sudan Thailand 8.3 San Marino Palau

WHO Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) [online database]. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/
1

alcohol/en/, accessed 30 March 2018).

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 33

Indicator 3.6.1 Deaths from road traffic injuries
DEATHS FROM ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
SDG Target 3.6
By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents
Indicator 3.6.1: Death rate due to road traffic injuries

Road traffic mortality rate (per 100 000 population), 20131

Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Seychelles 8.6 Grenada 5.7 Monaco 0.0 Bahrain 8.0

Mauritius 12.2 Canada 6.0 Sweden 2.8 United Arab Emirates 10.9

Nigeria 20.5 Antigua and Barbuda 6.7 United Kingdom 2.9 Egypt 12.8

Barbados 6.7 San Marino 3.2 Pakistan 14.2

Equatorial Guinea 22.9
Cuba 7.5 Switzerland 3.3 Qatar 15.2
Gabon 22.9
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8.2 Netherlands 3.4 Afghanistan 15.5
Botswana 23.6
10.0
Denmark 3.5 Kuwait 18.7
Panama
Algeria 23.8
Israel 3.6
United States of America 10.6 Syrian Arab Republic 20.0
Namibia 23.9 Spain 3.7
Jamaica 11.5 Iraq 20.2
Chad 24.1 Norway 3.8
Mexico 12.3 Morocco 20.8
Eritrea 24.1 Ireland 4.1
Chile 12.4 Yemen 21.5
Côte d'Ivoire 24.2 Germany 4.3
Argentina 13.6 Lebanon 22.6
Iceland 4.6
Swaziland 24.2 Libya² 23.8
Bahamas 13.8
Finland 4.8
Mauritania 24.5
Costa Rica 13.9 Sudan 24.3
France 5.1
Zambia 24.7 Peru 13.9 Tunisia 24.4
Malta 5.1
South Africa 25.1 Trinidad and Tobago 14.1 5.2
Djibouti 24.7
Cyprus
Ethiopia 25.3 5.4 Oman 25.4
Haiti 15.1 Austria
Czechia 6.1 Somalia 25.4
Mali 25.6 Dominica 15.3
Italy 6.1 Jordan 26.3
Cabo Verde 26.1 Nicaragua 15.3
Slovenia 6.4 Saudi Arabia 27.4
Ghana 26.2 Uruguay 16.6
Slovakia 6.6 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 32.1
Congo 26.4 Colombia 16.8
Belgium 6.7
Guyana 17.3
Niger 26.4
Estonia 7.0 WPR
Honduras 17.4
Angola 26.9
Andorra 7.6 Micronesia (Federated States of) 1.9
Saint Lucia 18.1
Senegal 27.2 Hungary 7.7 Kiribati 2.9
Guatemala 19.0
Guinea 27.3 Serbia 7.7 Singapore 3.6
Suriname 19.1
Sierra Leone 27.3 Portugal 7.8 Japan 4.7
Ecuador 20.1
8.3
Uganda 27.4 Bulgaria Palau 4.8
Paraguay 20.7
Luxembourg 8.7
Guinea-Bissau 27.5 Australia 5.4
El Salvador 21.1 Romania 8.7
Cameroon 27.6 Marshall Islands 5.7
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 23.2 Turkey 8.9
Benin 27.7 Fiji 5.8
Brazil 23.4 Greece 9.1
New Zealand 6.0
South Sudan 27.9
Belize 24.4 Croatia 9.2
Tonga 7.6
Comoros 28.0 Dominican Republic 29.3 The former
The former Yugoslav
Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of ..
of Macedonia 9.4

Azerbaijan 10.0 Brunei Darussalam 8.0

Lesotho 28.2 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 45.1
Latvia 10.0 Philippines 10.5
Zimbabwe 28.2 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Poland 10.3 Republic of Korea 12.0
Madagascar 28.4

Kenya 29.1
SEAR Lithuania 10.6 Lao People's Democratic Republic 14.3

Ukraine 10.6 Samoa 15.8

Gambia 29.4 Maldives 3.5
Uzbekistan 11.2 Vanuatu 16.6
Burkina Faso 30.0 Bangladesh 13.6
Georgia 11.8
Papua New Guinea 16.8
Sao Tome and Principe 31.1 Bhutan 15.1 Montenegro 11.9
Cambodia 17.4
Togo 31.1 Indonesia 15.3 Republic of Moldova 12.5
China 18.8
Burundi 31.3 Belarus 13.7
India 16.6 Solomon Islands 19.2
Albania 15.1
Mozambique 31.6
21.0
Timor-Leste 16.6 Mongolia
Turkmenistan 17.4
Rwanda 32.1
24.0
Nepal 17.0 17.7 Malaysia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Central African Republic 32.4 Cook Islands 24.2
Sri Lanka 17.4 Armenia 18.3
United Republic of Tanzania 32.9 Viet Nam 24.5
Tajikistan 18.8
Myanmar 20.3
Democratic Republic of the Congo 33.2 Russian Federation 18.9 Nauru
Democratic People's Republic of 20.8
Liberia 33.7 Korea Kyrgyzstan 22.0 Niue
Malawi 35.0 Thailand 36.2 Kazakhstan 24.2 Tuvalu

1
Global status report on road safety 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2015/en/, accessed 30 March
2018). WHO Member States with a population of less than 90 000 in 2015 who did not participate in the survey used to produce the report were not included in the analysis.
2
Updated estimate.

34 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 3.7.1 Family planning
FAMILY PLANNING
SDG Target 3.7
By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of
reproductive health into national strategies and programmes
Indicator 3.7.1: Proportion of women of reproductive age (aged 15–49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods

Proportion of married or in-union women of reproductive age who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods (%), latest available data, 2007–20171
Data type: Primary data

2012 or later Pre-2012

AFR AMR EUR EMR
Zimbabwe 85.2 Nicaragua 89.8 Kazakhstan³ 79.6 Egypt 80.0

Swaziland 80.6 Brazil 89.3 Turkmenistan 75.6 Morocco 74.8

South Africa² 77.9 Costa Rica³ 89.1 Belarus³ 74.2 Tunisia³ 73.2

Cuba 88.4 Ukraine 68.0 Qatar³ 68.9

Kenya 77.6
86.5 Kyrgyzstan 62.1 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 68.6
Algeria³ 77.2 Colombia
Dominican Republic² 84.1 Republic of Moldova 60.4 Iraq³ 59.3
Lesotho 76.1
Turkey 59.7 Jordan 58.0
Jamaica 82.9
Namibia 75.1
Tajikistan 50.8
Paraguay 82.6 Syrian Arab Republic 53.3
Malawi 74.6 Armenia 40.2
El Salvador 81.9 Pakistan 47.0
Rwanda 65.9 Montenegro³ 34.1
Mexico 80.9 Yemen 46.9
Zambia 63.8 Serbia³ 25.1
Ecuador 80.7 Afghanistan 42.1
Ethiopia 59.4 The former
The former Yugoslav
Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of ..3
of Macedonia 22.3
Honduras 76.0 Oman 39.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina³ 21.9
United Republic of Tanzania 52.9 Sudan 30.2
Panama 75.9
Albania 12.9
Mozambique² 50.4
73.2 Libya 29.6
Suriname³ Andorra
Sao Tome and Principe 50.3 72.4 Bahrain
Saint Lucia Austria
Uganda 49.9 Djibouti
Barbados³ 70.0 Azerbaijan
Madagascar 49.6 Kuwait
Peru 66.1 Belgium
Bulgaria Lebanon
Senegal 47.4 Belize 65.9
Croatia Saudi Arabia
Ghana 46.2 Guatemala 65.6
Cyprus Somalia
Mali 46.0 Trinidad and Tobago 58.2
Czechia United Arab Emirates
Niger 45.4 Guyana² 52.5
Denmark
Haiti 44.0
Burkina Faso 45.0
Estonia WPR
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 42.8
Mauritius 41.9
Finland Marshall Islands 80.5
Cameroon 40.1 Antigua and Barbuda
France Viet Nam³ 69.7
Argentina
Burundi² 39.3 Georgia Mongolia³ 68.3
Bahamas Germany
Congo 38.5 Lao People's Democratic Republic 61.3
Canada Greece
Guinea-Bissau 37.6 Cambodia 56.4
Chile Hungary
Sierra Leone 37.5 Philippines 51.5
Dominica Iceland
Liberia 37.2 Vanuatu 50.7
Grenada Ireland
Gabon 33.7 Tonga 47.9
Saint Kitts and Nevis Israel
Nauru 42.5
Togo 32.1 Italy
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Tuvalu 41.0
Côte d'Ivoire 31.1 Latvia
United States of America
Lithuania Papua New Guinea 40.6
Mauritania 30.4
Uruguay
Luxembourg Samoa 39.4
Central African Republic³ 28.7 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Malta Solomon Islands 38.0
Comoros 27.8

Nigeria³ 26.3 SEAR Monaco Kiribati 35.8

Netherlands Australia
Benin 24.5 Thailand 89.2
Norway Brunei Darussalam
Angola 24.2 Bhutan³ 84.6
Poland China
Gambia 23.9 Indonesia 77.9 Portugal
Cook Islands
Guinea 21.5
Myanmar 75.0 Romania
Fiji
Equatorial Guinea 20.5 Russian Federation
Sri Lanka 74.1 Japan
Eritrea 19.6 San Marino
Bangladesh 72.5 Malaysia
Slovakia
Chad 17.5
Micronesia (Federated States of)
India 72.0 Slovenia
Democratic Republic of the Congo 15.6 New Zealand
Nepal 56.1 Spain
South Sudan³ 5.6 Niue
Sweden
Timor-Leste² 46.1
Botswana Switzerland Palau
Cabo Verde Maldives 42.7
United Kingdom Republic of Korea
Democratic People's Republic of
Seychelles Uzbekistan Singapore
Korea

1
Data pertaining to women aged 15-49 years who were married or in union, extracted by WHO from World Contraceptive Use 2018 [online database]. New York (NY): United Nations,
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2018 (http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/dataset/contraception/wcu2018.shtml, accessed 2
May 2018).
2
Preliminary data.
3
Deviation from standard question or measurement method. Please refer to World Contraceptive Use 2018 for more information.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 35

Indicator 3.7.2 Adolescent birth rate
ADOLESCENT BIRTH RATE
SDG Target 3.7
By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of
reproductive health into national strategies and programmes
Indicator 3.7.2: Adolescent birth rate (aged 10–14 years; aged 15–19 years) per 1000 women in that age group

Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women aged 15–19 years), 2007–20161
Data type: Primary data

2012 or later Pre-2012

AFR AMR EUR EMR
Algeria 9.0 Canada 11.1 Switzerland 2.6 Tunisia 3.0
Mauritius 24.1 United States of America 22.3 Netherlands 3.2 Kuwait 6.1

Botswana 37.5 Bahamas 32.0 Denmark 3.4 Qatar 10.5

Trinidad and Tobago 38.0 Sweden 4.4 Libya 10.9
Rwanda 45.0
Chile 44.7 Slovenia 4.5 Oman 13.5
Burundi 58.0
Dominican Republic 45.3 Norway 4.6 Bahrain 14.3
Ghana 59.0
Cyprus 4.9 Djibouti 20.6
Jamaica 45.7
Seychelles 65.8
Italy 5.1
Haiti 49.0 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 23.0
Comoros 70.0 Luxembourg 5.6
Peru 49.4 Jordan 26.0
South Africa 71.0 Finland 6.2
Barbados 49.7 Morocco 32.0
Eritrea 76.0 Belgium 6.6
Cuba 50.0 United Arab Emirates 34.2
Mauritania 77.0 Austria 7.6
Uruguay 55.6 Pakistan 44.0
Spain 7.7
Cabo Verde 80.0 Syrian Arab Republic 54.0
Ecuador 56.5
Germany 7.8
Ethiopia 80.0
57.7 Egypt 56.0
Suriname Greece 8.0
Senegal 80.0 60.8 Yemen 67.0
Brazil Iceland 8.0
Namibia 82.0 Iraq 82.0
Paraguay 62.8 Portugal 8.2
Togo 85.0 Afghanistan 87.0
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 63.7 Ireland 8.6
France 9.2 Sudan 87.0
Swaziland 87.0 Argentina 65.5
Croatia 9.6 Lebanon
Gambia 88.0 Mexico 66.2
Israel 9.7 Saudi Arabia
Gabon 91.0 El Salvador 69.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina 10.7 Somalia
Sao Tome and Principe 92.0 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 71.0
Montenegro 11.1
Colombia 71.6
Benin 94.0
Malta 11.4 WPR
Belize 74.0
Lesotho 94.0
Czechia 11.6 Republic of Korea 1.3
Kenya 96.0 Guyana 74.0
Poland 12.3 Singapore 2.7
Panama 84.3
Liberia 104.8 Estonia 12.5 Japan 4.1
Guatemala 92.0
Guinea-Bissau 106.0 Lithuania 14.1 China 9.2
Nicaragua 92.0 United Kingdom 14.4
Zimbabwe 110.0 Brunei Darussalam 11.4
Honduras 101.0 Serbia 16.4
Cameroon 119.0 Malaysia 11.5
Antigua and Barbuda Latvia 18.0
Burkina Faso 122.0 Australia 11.9
Costa Rica Albania 18.9
Sierra Leone 125.0 New Zealand 16.0
Dominica The former
The former Yugoslav
Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of ..
of Macedonia 20.1
Mongolia 26.7
Côte d'Ivoire 129.0 Belarus 20.4
Grenada
Tonga 30.0
United Republic of Tanzania 132.0 Hungary 22.8
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Russian Federation 24.0 Viet Nam 30.1
Malawi 136.0
Saint Lucia
Armenia 24.3 Samoa 39.2
Democratic Republic of the Congo 138.0 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Slovakia 24.3 Solomon Islands 42.0
Uganda 141.0

Zambia 141.0 SEAR Ukraine 26.1 Kiribati 49.9

Democratic People's Republic of 0.7 Republic of Moldova 26.7 Cambodia 57.0

Nigeria 145.0 Korea Turkey 26.9 Philippines 57.0
Guinea 146.0 Maldives 12.9 Turkmenistan 28.0
Lao People's Democratic Republic 75.6
Niger 146.0 Sri Lanka 20.3 Uzbekistan 29.5
Vanuatu 78.0
Congo 147.0
India 28.1 Romania 35.3
Cook Islands
Madagascar 152.0 Kazakhstan 36.0
Bhutan 28.4 Fiji
Bulgaria 39.4
South Sudan 158.1
Myanmar 36.0 Marshall Islands
Georgia 47.9
Angola 163.0
52.8 Micronesia (Federated States of)
Indonesia 40.1 Azerbaijan
Mozambique 167.0 Nauru
Thailand 51.0 Tajikistan 54.0
Mali 174.0 Niue
Andorra
Bangladesh 78.0
Equatorial Guinea 176.0 Kyrgyzstan Palau
Chad 179.0 Nepal 88.0
Monaco Papua New Guinea
Central African Republic 229.0 Timor-Leste San Marino Tuvalu

Data extracted by WHO from World Fertility Data 2017 [online database]. New York (NY): United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; November 2017
1

(http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/dataset/fertility/wfd2017.shtml).

36 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 3.8.1 Universal health coverage: service coverage
UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE: SERVICE COVERAGE
SDG Target 3.8
Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and
affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all
Indicator 3.8.1: Coverage of essential health services (defined as the average coverage of essential services based on tracer interventions that include reproductive, maternal,
newborn and child health, infectious diseases, noncommunicable diseases and service capacity and access, among the general and the most disadvantaged population)

Universal health coverage: service coverage index, 20151

Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Algeria 76 Canada ≥80 Austria ≥80 Kuwait 77

Seychelles 68 United States of America ≥80 Belgium ≥80 Qatar 77

South Africa 67 Barbados 79 Denmark ≥80 Bahrain 72

Uruguay 79 France ≥80 Oman 72

Mauritius 64
Cuba 78 Iceland ≥80 Jordan 70
Cabo Verde 62
Peru 78 Israel ≥80 Egypt 68
Botswana 60
77
Italy ≥80 Lebanon 68
Brazil
Namibia 59
Luxembourg ≥80
El Salvador 77 Saudi Arabia 68
Swaziland 58 Netherlands ≥80
Argentina 76 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 65
Kenya 57 Norway ≥80
Colombia 76 Morocco 65
Zambia 56 Portugal ≥80
Mexico 76 Tunisia 65
Zimbabwe 55 Sweden ≥80
Antigua and Barbuda 75 Iraq 63
Switzerland ≥80
Sao Tome and Principe 54 Libya 63
Costa Rica 75
United Kingdom ≥80
Rwanda 53
Ecuador 75 United Arab Emirates 63
Finland 79
Gabon 52 Panama 75 Syrian Arab Republic 60
Germany 79
Comoros 47 Trinidad and Tobago 75 79
Djibouti 47
Malta
Gambia 46 78 Sudan 43
Dominican Republic 74 Ireland
Slovenia 78 Pakistan 40
Equatorial Guinea 45 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 73
Spain 77 Yemen 39
Ghana 45 Bahamas 72
Estonia 76 Afghanistan 34
Lesotho 45 Grenada 72
Slovakia 76 Somalia 22
Cameroon 44 Chile 70
Poland 75
Nicaragua 70
Côte d'Ivoire 44
Belarus 74 WPR
Paraguay 69
Malawi 44
Cyprus 73 Australia ≥80
Saint Lucia 69
Uganda 44 Czechia 73 Brunei Darussalam ≥80
Guyana 68
Burundi 43 Romania 72 Japan ≥80
Suriname 68
Mozambique 42 Uzbekistan 72 New Zealand ≥80
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 65
71
Togo 42 Kazakhstan Republic of Korea ≥80
Honduras 64
Turkey 71
Benin 41 Singapore ≥80
Belize 61 Greece 70
Senegal 41 China 76
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 60 Hungary 70
Democratic Republic of the Congo 40 Viet Nam 73
Jamaica 60 The former
The former Yugoslav
Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of ..
of Macedonia 70
Malaysia 70
Burkina Faso 39
Guatemala 57 Croatia 69
Fiji 66
Ethiopia 39 Haiti 47 Armenia 67
Lithuania 67 Mongolia 63
Guinea-Bissau 39 Dominica
Turkmenistan 67 Tonga 62
Nigeria 39 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Georgia 66 Micronesia (Federated States of) 60
United Republic of Tanzania 39

Congo 38
SEAR Kyrgyzstan 66 Philippines 58

Republic of Moldova 65 Samoa 56

Eritrea 38 Thailand 75
Serbia 65 Vanuatu 56
Democratic People's Republic of 68
Angola 36 Korea Tajikistan 65
Cambodia 55
Sierra Leone 36 Sri Lanka 62 Azerbaijan 64
Solomon Islands 50
Guinea 35 Myanmar 60 Bulgaria 64
Lao People's Democratic Republic 48
Liberia 34 Latvia 64
Bhutan 59 Papua New Guinea 41
Russian Federation 63
Central African Republic 33
40
India 56 Kiribati
Ukraine 63
Mauritania 33
Maldives 55 62 Cook Islands
Albania
Niger 33 Marshall Islands
Indonesia 49 Bosnia and Herzegovina 57
Mali 32 Nauru
Montenegro 54
Timor-Leste 47
Madagascar 30 Andorra Niue
South Sudan 30 Bangladesh 46
Monaco Palau
Chad 29 Nepal 46 San Marino Tuvalu

Tracking universal health coverage: 2017 global monitoring report. Geneva and Washington (DC): World Health Organization and the International Bank for Reconstruction and
1

Development / The World Bank; 2017 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259817/9789241513555-eng.pdf?sequence=1, accessed 30 March 2018). WHO Member States
with a population of less than 90 000 in 2015 were not included in the analysis.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 37

Indicator 3.8.2 Universal health coverage: financial protection
UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE: FINANCIAL PROTECTION
SDG Target 3.8
Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and
affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all
Indicator 3.8.2: Proportion of population with large household expenditures on health as a share of total household expenditure or income

Proportion of population (%) with total household expenditures on health > 10% and > 25% of total household expenditure or income, latest available data, 2007–20151
Data type: Primary data

Spending >10% Spending >10%

Spending >25%
2012 or later Pre-2012

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Zambia 0.3 Guatemala 1.4 United Kingdom 1.6 Pakistan 1.0

Mozambique 1.2 Panama 1.4 Kazakhstan 1.8 Afghanistan 4.8

Canada 2.6 Czechia 2.2

Iran (Islamic Republic of) 15.8
South Africa 1.4
United States of America 4.8 Croatia 2.8
Tunisia 16.7
Malawi 1.6
Mexico 7.1 Denmark 2.9
Cabo Verde 2.0 Egypt 26.2

Peru 8.3 Slovenia 2.9

Congo 2.0 Bahrain
Costa Rica 10.1 Turkey 3.1
Djibouti
Senegal 3.3
Luxembourg 3.4
Colombia 16.9
Iraq
Burkina Faso 3.5 Kyrgyzstan 3.5
Dominican Republic 17.0
Jordan
Niger 4.1 Slovakia 3.8
Brazil 25.6
Kuwait
Rwanda 4.6 Belarus 4.4
Nicaragua 27.7
Lebanon
Russian Federation 4.9
Guinea 7.0
Antigua and Barbuda
The former
The former YugoslavYugoslav
RepublicRepublic of ..
of Macedonia 5.4 Libya
Liberia 7.9 Argentina
Spain 5.7 Morocco
United Republic of Tanzania 9.9 Bahamas
Finland 6.3 Oman
Cameroon 10.8 Barbados Ireland 6.4 Qatar
Angola 12.4 Belize Israel 6.7
Saudi Arabia
Swaziland 13.4 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Ukraine 7.2
Somalia
Côte d'Ivoire 15.2 Chile Hungary 7.4
Sudan
Cuba Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.6
Nigeria 24.8
Syrian Arab Republic
Dominica Estonia 8.8
Algeria United Arab Emirates
Ecuador Montenegro 8.9
Benin Yemen
El Salvador Serbia 9.0
Botswana
Grenada Italy 9.3
Burundi Lithuania 9.8
WPR
Guyana
Central African Republic Tajikistan 11.3 Mongolia 2.4
Haiti
Chad Belgium 11.4 Lao People's Democratic Republic 3.0
Honduras
Comoros Romania 12.0 Australia 3.7
Jamaica
Bulgaria 12.8 Japan 6.2
Democratic Republic of the Congo Paraguay
Poland 13.9 Philippines 6.3
Equatorial Guinea Saint Kitts and Nevis
Greece 14.6 Viet Nam 9.8
Eritrea Saint Lucia
Malta 15.9 Republic of Korea 13.5
Ethiopia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Armenia 16.1 China 17.7
Gabon Suriname
Cyprus 16.1 Brunei Darussalam
Gambia Trinidad and Tobago Republic of Moldova 16.1
Cambodia
Ghana Uruguay Albania 16.7
Cook Islands
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Portugal 18.4
Guinea-Bissau Fiji
Kenya Georgia 29.2
Kiribati
SEAR Andorra
Lesotho Malaysia
Sri Lanka 2.9 Austria
Madagascar Marshall Islands
Azerbaijan
Thailand 3.4 Micronesia (Federated States of)
Mali
France
Indonesia 3.6 Nauru
Mauritania Germany
New Zealand
Mauritius Bangladesh 13.6 Iceland
Niue
Namibia India 17.3 Latvia
Palau
Sao Tome and Principe Monaco
Nepal 27.4
Papua New Guinea
Netherlands
Seychelles
Bhutan Norway Samoa
Sierra Leone Democratic People's Republic of San Marino Singapore
South Sudan Korea
Sweden Solomon Islands
Maldives
Togo Switzerland Tonga
Uganda Myanmar
Turkmenistan Tuvalu
Zimbabwe Timor-Leste Uzbekistan Vanuatu

Tracking universal health coverage: 2017 global monitoring report. Geneva and Washington (DC): World Health Organization and the International Bank for Reconstruction and
1

Development / The World Bank; 2017 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259817/9789241513555-eng.pdf?sequence=1, accessed 30 March 2018).

38 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 3.9.1 Mortality due to air pollution
MORTALITY DUE TO AIR POLLUTION
SDG Target 3.9
By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
Indicator 3.9.1: Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution

Age-standardized mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution (per 100 000 population), 20161
Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Mauritius 38.3 Canada 7.0 Finland 7.2 Bahrain 40.1

Seychelles 49.3 United States of America 13.3 Sweden 7.2 Qatar 47.4

Algeria 49.7 Uruguay 17.5 Norway 8.6 Morocco 49.1

Bahamas 19.9 Iceland 8.7 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 50.9

Gabon 76.0
Costa Rica 23.3 France 9.7 Jordan 51.2
Kenya 78.1
Ecuador 24.5 Portugal² 9.8 Lebanon 51.4
South Africa 86.7
25.3
Spain 9.9 Oman 53.9
Chile
Cabo Verde 99.5
Switzerland 10.1
Jamaica 25.4 United Arab Emirates 54.7
Botswana 101.3 Luxembourg 11.6
Panama 25.8 Tunisia 56.1
Mozambique 110.0 Ireland 11.9
Argentina 26.6 Libya 71.9
Malawi 115.0 Denmark 13.2
Antigua and Barbuda 29.9 Iraq 75.1
Angola 118.5 Netherlands 13.7
Brazil 29.9 Syrian Arab Republic 75.2
United Kingdom 13.8
Rwanda 121.4 Saudi Arabia 83.7
Saint Lucia 30.0
Italy 15.0
Zambia 127.2
Barbados 31.1 Kuwait 103.8
Austria 15.3
Congo 130.7 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 34.6 Egypt 108.9
Israel² 15.4
Zimbabwe 133.0 Mexico 36.7 Djibouti 159.0
Belgium 15.7
Swaziland 137.0 Pakistan 173.6
Colombia 37.0 Germany 16.0
Cyprus 20.1 Sudan 184.9
United Republic of Tanzania 139.0 Trinidad and Tobago 38.6
Malta 20.2 Yemen 194.2
Ethiopia 144.4 El Salvador 41.9
Slovenia 22.6 Afghanistan 211.1
Namibia 145.0 Dominican Republic 43.0
Estonia 25.0 Somalia 212.8
Uganda 155.7 Grenada 45.3
Greece 27.6
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 47.6
Madagascar 159.6
Czechia 29.6 WPR
Cuba 49.5
Senegal 160.7
Slovakia 33.5 New Zealand 7.2
Nicaragua 55.7
Sao Tome and Principe 162.4 Lithuania² 34.0 Australia 8.4
Suriname 56.7
Democratic Republic of the Congo 163.9 Croatia 35.5 Japan 11.9
Paraguay 57.5
South Sudan 165.1 Poland 37.9 Brunei Darussalam 13.3
Honduras 60.7
38.8
Mauritania 169.5 Hungary Republic of Korea 20.5
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 63.7
Latvia 41.3
Liberia 170.2 Singapore 25.9
Peru 63.9 Turkey² 46.6
Comoros 172.4 Malaysia 47.4
Belize 68.6 Russian Federation 49.4
Eritrea 173.7 Viet Nam 64.5
Guatemala 73.8 Armenia 54.8
Tonga 73.3
Lesotho 177.6
Guyana 107.8 Romania 59.3
Samoa 85.0
Equatorial Guinea 177.7 Haiti 184.3 Belarus 60.7

Bulgaria 61.8 Fiji 99.0

Burundi 179.9 Dominica
Serbia 62.5 China 112.7
Ghana 203.8 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Kazakhstan 62.7 Vanuatu 135.6
Benin 205.0

Burkina Faso 206.2

SEAR Azerbaijan 63.9 Solomon Islands 137.0

Albania 68.0 Kiribati 140.2

Cameroon 208.1 Maldives 25.6
Ukraine 70.7 Cambodia 149.8
Mali 209.1 Thailand 61.5
Republic of Moldova 78.3
Micronesia (Federated States of) 151.8
Central African Republic 211.9 Sri Lanka 79.8 Montenegro 78.6
Papua New Guinea 152.0
Guinea-Bissau 214.7 Indonesia 112.4 Turkmenistan 79.3
Mongolia 155.9
Gambia 237.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina 79.8
Bhutan 124.5 Philippines 185.2
Uzbekistan 81.1
Guinea 243.3
188.5
Timor-Leste 139.8 Lao People's Democratic Republic
The former
The former Yugoslav
Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of ..
of Macedonia 82.2
Togo 249.6
Bangladesh 149.0 101.8 Cook Islands
Georgia
Niger 251.8 Marshall Islands
Myanmar 156.4 Kyrgyzstan 110.7
Côte d'Ivoire 269.1 Nauru
Tajikistan 129.3
India² 184.3
Chad 280.1 Andorra Niue
Nigeria 307.4 Nepal 193.8
Monaco Palau
Democratic People's Republic of
Sierra Leone 324.1 207.2 San Marino Tuvalu
Korea

1
Public health and environment [online database]. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/phe/en/). WHO Member States with a
population of less than 90 000 in 2016 were not included in the analysis.
2
Under country consultation as of May 2018.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 39

Indicator 3.9.2 Mortality due to unsafe WASH services
MORTALITY DUE TO UNSAFE WASH SERVICES
SDG Target 3.9
By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
Indicator 3.9.2: Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services)

Mortality rate attributed to exposure to unsafe WASH services (per 100 000 population), 20161
Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Seychelles 0.2 Bahamas <0.1 Belarus <0.1 Bahrain <0.1
Mauritius 0.6 Antigua and Barbuda 0.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina <0.1 Kuwait <0.1

Algeria 1.9 Trinidad and Tobago 0.1 Estonia <0.1 Oman <0.1
Barbados 0.2 Finland <0.1 Qatar <0.1
Cabo Verde 4.1
Chile 0.2 Greece <0.1 Saudi Arabia <0.1
Sao Tome and Principe 11.4
United States of America 0.2 Ireland <0.1 United Arab Emirates <0.1
Botswana 11.8
Latvia <0.1 Jordan 0.6
Grenada 0.3
South Africa 13.7
Lithuania <0.1
Argentina 0.4 Libya 0.6
Namibia 18.3 Luxembourg <0.1
Canada 0.4 Lebanon 0.8
Ghana 18.8 Malta <0.1
Uruguay 0.4 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1.0
Rwanda 19.3 Montenegro <0.1
Ecuador 0.6 Tunisia 1.0
Gabon 20.6 Poland <0.1
Jamaica 0.6 Morocco 1.9
Republic of Moldova <0.1
Equatorial Guinea 22.3 Egypt 2.0
Saint Lucia 0.6 Slovakia <0.1
Senegal 23.9
Colombia 0.8 Iraq 3.0
Slovenia <0.1
Zimbabwe 24.6 Costa Rica 0.9 Syrian Arab Republic 3.7
The former
The former Yugoslav
Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of .. <0.1
of Macedonia
Mozambique 27.6 Belize 1.0 Yemen 10.2
Austria 0.1
Swaziland 27.9 Afghanistan 13.9
Brazil 1.0 Bulgaria 0.1
Croatia 0.1 Sudan 17.3
Malawi 28.3 Cuba 1.0
Iceland 0.1 Pakistan 19.6
Gambia 29.7 Mexico 1.1
Italy 0.1 Djibouti 31.3
Madagascar 30.2 Peru 1.3
Russian Federation 0.1 Somalia 86.6
Uganda 31.6 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1.3
Switzerland 0.1
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1.4
Zambia 34.9
Albania 0.2 WPR
Paraguay 1.5
Guinea-Bissau 35.3
Armenia 0.2 Australia <0.1
Panama 1.9
United Republic of Tanzania 38.4 Czechia 0.2 Brunei Darussalam <0.1
El Salvador 2.0
Mauritania 38.6 Georgia 0.2 Singapore <0.1
Suriname 2.0
Congo 38.7 Hungary 0.2 New Zealand 0.1
Dominican Republic 2.2
Liberia 41.5 Israel 0.2 Japan 0.2
Nicaragua 2.2 Netherlands 0.2
Togo 41.6 Malaysia 0.4
Guyana 3.6 Norway 0.2
Ethiopia 43.7 China 0.6
Honduras 3.6 Portugal 0.2
Lesotho 44.4 Mongolia 1.3
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 5.6 Spain 0.2
Guinea 44.6 Tonga 1.4
Guatemala 6.3 Sweden 0.2
Cameroon 45.2 Samoa 1.5
Haiti 23.8 United Kingdom 0.2
Belgium 0.3 Viet Nam 1.6
Eritrea 45.6 Dominica
Cyprus 0.3 Republic of Korea 1.8
Côte d'Ivoire 47.2 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Denmark 0.3 Fiji 2.9
Angola 48.8

Burkina Faso 49.6

SEAR France 0.3 Micronesia (Federated States of) 3.6
Turkey 0.3 Philippines 4.2
Comoros 50.7 Maldives 0.3
Ukraine 0.3 Solomon Islands 6.2
Kenya 51.2 Sri Lanka 1.2
Kazakhstan 0.4 Cambodia 6.5
Democratic People's Republic of 1.4
Benin 59.7 Romania 0.4
Korea Vanuatu 10.4
Democratic Republic of the Congo 59.8 Thailand 3.5 Uzbekistan 0.4
Lao People's Democratic Republic 11.3
South Sudan 63.3 Germany 0.6
Bhutan 4.0 Papua New Guinea 16.3
Burundi 65.4 Serbia 0.7
Indonesia 7.1 Kiribati 16.7
Kyrgyzstan 0.8
Nigeria 68.6
Timor-Leste 9.9 Cook Islands
Azerbaijan 1.1
Mali 70.7 Marshall Islands
Bangladesh 11.9 Tajikistan 2.7
Niger 70.8 Nauru
Turkmenistan 4.0
Myanmar 12.6
Sierra Leone 81.3 Andorra Niue
Central African Republic 82.1 India 18.6
Monaco Palau
Chad 101.0 Nepal 19.8 San Marino Tuvalu

Public health and environment [online database]. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/phe/en/). WHO Member States with a
1

population of less than 90 000 in 2016 were not included in the analysis.

40 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 3.9.3 Mortality due to unintentional poisoning
MORTALITY DUE TO UNINTENTIONAL POISONING
SDG Target 3.9
By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
Indicator 3.9.3: Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning

Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning (per 100 000 population), 20161

Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Mauritius 0.1 Bahamas 0.1 Cyprus 0.1 Bahrain 0.2
Cabo Verde 0.5 Barbados 0.2 Denmark 0.1 Egypt 0.2

Seychelles 0.6 Brazil 0.2 Israel 0.1 Kuwait 0.2

Chile 0.2 Luxembourg 0.1 Lebanon 0.3
Algeria 0.8
El Salvador 0.2 Malta 0.1 United Arab Emirates 0.3
Gabon 0.9
Jamaica 0.2 Netherlands 0.1 Oman 0.4
Sao Tome and Principe 0.9
Switzerland 0.1 Qatar 0.4
Saint Lucia 0.2
Botswana 1.1
Austria 0.2
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.2 Syrian Arab Republic 0.4
Congo 1.2 Belgium 0.2
Trinidad and Tobago 0.2 Iraq 0.5
South Africa 1.2 Croatia 0.2
Canada 0.3 Tunisia 0.5
Namibia 1.5 Finland 0.2
Costa Rica 0.3 Jordan 0.6
Ghana 1.7 Germany 0.2
Cuba 0.3 Libya 0.6
Greece 0.2
Kenya 1.8 Morocco 0.6
Paraguay 0.3 Iceland 0.2
Liberia 1.8
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.3 Saudi Arabia 0.7
Ireland 0.2
Equatorial Guinea 1.9 Antigua and Barbuda 0.4 Afghanistan 1.2
Norway 0.2
Gambia 1.9 Colombia 0.4 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1.2
Poland 0.2
Mauritania 1.9 Pakistan 2.3
Dominican Republic 0.4 Spain 0.2
United Kingdom 0.2 Djibouti 2.4
Malawi 2.0 Grenada 0.4
Czechia 0.3 Yemen 3.8
Guinea-Bissau 2.2 Honduras 0.4
Hungary 0.3 Sudan 3.9
Zimbabwe 2.2 Mexico 0.4
Italy 0.3 Somalia 4.6
Senegal 2.3 Panama 0.4
Portugal 0.3
Suriname 0.4
Comoros 2.4
Serbia 0.3 WPR
Uruguay 0.4
Rwanda 2.4
Slovenia 0.3 Singapore 0.1
Belize 0.5
Togo 2.4 Turkey 0.3 Australia 0.2
Argentina 0.6
Angola 2.7 Albania 0.4 New Zealand 0.2
Ecuador 0.6
United Republic of Tanzania 2.7 Romania 0.4 Philippines 0.2
Nicaragua 0.6
0.4
Ethiopia 2.9 Slovakia Brunei Darussalam 0.3
Guyana 0.7
Sweden 0.4
Mozambique 2.9 Fiji 0.4
Peru 0.9 TheYugoslav
The former former Yugoslav Republic
Republic of of ..
Macedonia 0.4
Zambia 2.9 Japan 0.4
United States of America 0.9 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.5
Burkina Faso 3.0 Malaysia 0.5
Guatemala 1.1 Estonia 0.5
Republic of Korea 0.5
Guinea 3.0
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 2.0 France 0.5
Samoa 0.5
Nigeria 3.0 Haiti 2.6 Montenegro 0.5

Armenia 0.6 Cambodia 0.6

Cameroon 3.1 Dominica
Azerbaijan 0.6 Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.9
Lesotho 3.1 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Bulgaria 0.6 Solomon Islands 0.9
Central African Republic 3.2

Democratic Republic of the Congo 3.2

SEAR Kyrgyzstan 0.6 Vanuatu 0.9

Lithuania 0.7 Viet Nam 0.9

Uganda 3.2 Maldives 0.0
Turkmenistan 0.7 Micronesia (Federated States of) 1.0
Madagascar 3.3 Bangladesh 0.3
Georgia 0.8
Tonga 1.3
Mali 3.3 Indonesia 0.4 Latvia 0.8
China 1.4
Swaziland 3.3 Nepal 0.4 Uzbekistan 1.0
Mongolia 1.6
Benin 3.5 Republic of Moldova 1.2
Sri Lanka 0.4 Papua New Guinea 1.7
Tajikistan 1.2
Chad 3.6
2.6
Thailand 0.4 Kiribati
Russian Federation 1.7
Côte d'Ivoire 3.9
Timor-Leste 0.4 2.3 Cook Islands
Kazakhstan
South Sudan 4.0 Marshall Islands
Bhutan 0.6 Ukraine 2.5
Sierra Leone 4.1 Nauru
Belarus 2.6
Myanmar 1.4
Eritrea 4.2 Andorra Niue
Democratic People's Republic of 1.9
Niger 4.2 Korea Monaco Palau
Burundi 5.2 India 2.4 San Marino Tuvalu

Global Health Estimates 2016: Deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000–2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. WHO Member States with a population of less
1

than 90 000 in 2016 were not included in the analysis.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 41

Indicator 3.a.1 Tobacco use
TOBACCO USE
SDG Target 3.a
Strengthen the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate
Indicator 3.a.1: Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and older

Age-standardized prevalence of tobacco smoking among persons 15 years and older, by sex, 20161
Data type: Comparable estimates

Female Male

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Ghana Panama Iceland Oman
Ethiopia Ecuador Denmark Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Nigeria Colombia Sweden Djibouti
Norway Saudi Arabia
Eritrea Barbados
Finland Qatar
Benin Saint Kitts and Nevis
Uzbekistan Yemen 29.2
Togo Canada
United Kingdom Pakistan 36.7
Niger Costa Rica Slovenia Kuwait 37.0
Swaziland Brazil Ireland United Arab Emirates 37.4
Cabo Verde El Salvador Luxembourg Bahrain 37.6
Senegal Dominican Republic Netherlands 27.3
Iraq 39.3

Uganda Uruguay Italy 27.8

Lebanon 40.7
Bahamas Switzerland 28.9
Liberia Morocco 47.1

Mexico Portugal 30.0

Kenya Egypt 50.1
Malta 30.2
Rwanda Paraguay Tunisia 65.8
Austria 28.4 30.9
Haiti Afghanistan
Mali Belgium 31.4
United States of America Jordan
Comoros Spain 27.4 31.4
Argentina Libya
Burkina Faso 27.7 Poland 33.1
Jamaica Somalia
Zambia 28.6 Germany 28.2 33.1
Sudan
Chile 34.2 41.5 Hungary 34.8
Malawi Syrian Arab Republic
Suriname 42.9 Israel 35.4
United Republic of Tanzania
Mozambique 29.1
Cuba 53.3
France 30.1 35.6 WPR
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Romania 37.1
Algeria
67.3 Australia
30.4 Slovakia 37.7
Antigua and Barbuda New Zealand
Zimbabwe 30.7 Andorra 29.0 37.8
Belize Niue
Gambia 31.2 Lithuania 38.0
Dominica Palau
South Africa 33.2 Czechia 30.5 38.3
Grenada Estonia Singapore 28.3
Namibia 34.2
39.3
Guatemala Croatia 34.3 39.9 Cook Islands 29.8
Botswana 34.4
Guyana Serbia 37.7 40.2 Brunei Darussalam 30.9
Seychelles 35.7
Honduras Turkey 41.1 Cambodia 33.7
Mauritius 40.7
Nicaragua Azerbaijan 42.5 Japan 33.7
Sierra Leone 41.3 Kazakhstan 43.1
Peru Vanuatu 34.5
Congo 52.3 Bulgaria 30.1 44.4
Saint Lucia Fiji 34.8
Lesotho 53.9 Republic of Moldova 44.6
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Nauru 43.0 36.9
Angola Belarus 46.1
Trinidad and Tobago Samoa 38.1
Burundi Ukraine 47.4
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Philippines 40.8
30.2 47.7
Cameroon
Montenegro 44.0 47.9
Republic of Korea 40.9
Central African Republic
Kyrgyzstan Malaysia
Chad SEAR Latvia
50.5

Tonga
42.4

44.4
51.0
Côte d'Ivoire India
Albania 51.2 Viet Nam 45.9
Democratic Republic Sri Lanka
of the Congo Greece 35.3 52.0 Mongolia 46.5
Myanmar 35.2
Armenia
Equatorial Guinea 52.1 China 48.4
Nepal 37.8
Cyprus
Gabon 52.7
Papua New Guinea 48.8
Thailand 38.8 Georgia 55.5
Guinea Lao People's Democratic Republic 51.2
Bangladesh 44.7 Russian Federation 58.3
Guinea-Bissau Kiribati 35.9 58.9
Maldives 55.0 Monaco
Madagascar Indonesia Marshall Islands
76.1 San Marino
Mauritania Timor-Leste 78.1 Tajikistan Micronesia (Federated States of)
Sao Tome and Principe Bhutan The former Yugoslav Republic Solomon Islands
of Macedonia
South Sudan Democratic People's Republic Turkmenistan Tuvalu
of Korea

WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco smoking, 2nd edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (upcoming). Within each WHO region, countries are sorted in order of
1

ascending prevalence among males.

42 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 3.b.1 Vaccine coverage
VACCINE COVERAGE
SDG Target 3.b
Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and noncommunicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries,
provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms
the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to
protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all
Indicator 3.b.1: Proportion of the target population covered by all vaccines included in their national programme

Measles-containing vaccine second-dose (MCV2) immunization coverage by the nationally recommended age (%), 20161
Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Seychelles 99 Cuba 99 Hungary 99 Bahrain 99

Algeria 96 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 99 Kazakhstan 99 Jordan 99

Cabo Verde 95 Mexico 98 Turkmenistan 99 Morocco 99

Saint Kitts and Nevis 97 Uzbekistan 99 Oman 99

Mauritius 92
Belize 96 Albania 98 United Arab Emirates 99
Rwanda 90
Guyana 94 Azerbaijan 98 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 98
Swaziland 89
92
Belarus 98 Tunisia 97
Dominica
Eritrea 85
Kyrgyzstan 98
Panama 92 Egypt 96
Lesotho 82 Armenia 97
Paraguay 92 Kuwait 96
Gambia 79 Israel 97
Uruguay 92 Libya 96
Sao Tome and Principe 76 Russian Federation 97
Argentina 88 Saudi Arabia 96
Ghana 75 Slovakia 97
Saint Lucia 88 Qatar 92
Tajikistan 97
Senegal 75 Djibouti 82
Antigua and Barbuda 87
Croatia 96
Botswana 74
Barbados 87 Lebanon 75
Iceland 95
Burundi 72 Chile 87 Sudan 69
Portugal 95
United Republic of Tanzania 71 Colombia 87 95
Iraq 64
Republic of Moldova
South Africa 70 95 Pakistan 53
Costa Rica 87 Spain
Sweden 95 Syrian Arab Republic 52
Zimbabwe 63 El Salvador 87
Poland 94 Yemen 49
Malawi 61 Canada 86
Czechia 93 Afghanistan 39
Zambia 58 Grenada 85
Germany 93 Somalia
Mozambique 51 Jamaica 85
Slovenia 93
Ecuador 76
Burkina Faso 50
The former
The former Yugoslav
Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of ..
of Macedonia 93 WPR
Bahamas 74
Sierra Leone 50
Estonia 92 China 99
Brazil 72
Niger 37 Lithuania 92 Malaysia 99
Peru 66
Kenya 32 Netherlands 91 Niue 99
Guatemala 65
Angola 26 Norway 91 Brunei Darussalam 97
Trinidad and Tobago 65
90
Benin Andorra Republic of Korea 97
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 53
Serbia 90
Cameroon Nauru 96
Suriname 44 Austria 89
Central African Republic Palau 95
Haiti 26 Latvia 89
Chad Viet Nam 95
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Switzerland 89
Australia 94
Comoros Dominican Republic United Kingdom 89
Fiji 94
Congo Honduras Bulgaria 88

Cyprus 88 Japan 93
Côte d'Ivoire Nicaragua
Luxembourg 86 Tuvalu 92
Democratic Republic of the Congo United States of America
Malta 86 Cook Islands 90
Equatorial Guinea
Ethiopia
SEAR Montenegro 86 Mongolia 90

Belgium 85 New Zealand 89

Gabon Maldives 99
Denmark 85 Singapore 88
Guinea Sri Lanka 99
Finland 85
Tonga 85
Democratic People's Republic of
Guinea-Bissau 98 Georgia 85
Korea Kiribati 79
Liberia Thailand 95 Turkey 85
Micronesia (Federated States of) 74
Madagascar Greece 83
Bangladesh 93 Philippines 66
Italy 83
Mali 58
Bhutan 90 Cambodia
France 79
Mauritania 49
Myanmar 86 78 Marshall Islands
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Namibia Samoa 44
India 76 Romania 76
Nigeria Lao People's Democratic Republic
San Marino 36
Indonesia 56
South Sudan Ukraine 31 Papua New Guinea
Togo Nepal 25
Ireland Solomon Islands
Uganda Timor-Leste 22 Monaco Vanuatu

The SDG indicator includes immunization coverage with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-containing vaccine third-dose (DTP3), MCV2, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine third-dose (PcV3) and
1

human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. See Annex B for more data. Source: WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage [online database]. July 2017 revision (http://www.
who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/routine/coverage/en/index4.html, accessed 30 March 2018).

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 43

Indicator 3.b.2 Development assistance for health
DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE FOR HEALTH
SDG Target 3.b
Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and noncommunicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries,
provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms
the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to
protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all
Indicator 3.b.2: Total net official development assistance to the medical research and basic health sectors

Total net official development assistance to medical research and basic health sectors per capita (US$), by recipient country, 20161
Data type: Primary data
Income
Country income classification High Upper middle Lower middle Low Not applicable

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Seychelles 34.17 Haiti 8.73 Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.93 Djibouti 11.73

Sao Tome and Principe 24.88 Armenia 5.03 Lebanon 5.84

Belize 8.41
Liberia 14.27 Republic of Moldova 3.48 Afghanistan 5.82

Saint Lucia 6.33 Tajikistan 3.07 Somalia 3.52

Swaziland 13.21
Kyrgyzstan 2.91 Sudan 3.34
Gambia 12.72 Nicaragua 3.58
Georgia 2.23 Jordan 2.78
Malawi 12.64 Honduras 2.92 Montenegro 1.84 Yemen 2.44
Sierra Leone 11.30
Uzbekistan 1.79
Guyana 2.85 Morocco 1.92
Guinea-Bissau 11.23 Turkmenistan 1.77
Pakistan 1.63
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1.69
Zambia 10.75 Ukraine 1.46
Syrian Arab Republic 0.71
Central African Republic 10.62 Guatemala 1.28 Albania 0.63
Egypt 0.20
Burundi 9.57 Belarus 0.60
Suriname 1.09 Tunisia 0.19
The The former
former Yugoslav
Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of .. 0.56
of Macedonia
Burkina Faso 9.15 Iraq 0.13
Paraguay 0.89 Azerbaijan 0.39
Guinea 8.26 Libya 0.07
Kazakhstan 0.36
Comoros 8.21 El Salvador 0.77 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.03
Turkey 0.36
Mozambique 8.10 Ecuador 0.50 Bahrain
Serbia 0.10
Mali 7.55 Kuwait
Peru 0.48 Andorra
Austria Oman
Rwanda 6.65
Panama 0.46 Belgium Qatar
Lesotho 6.61
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.36 Bulgaria Saudi Arabia
Uganda 6.31
Croatia United Arab Emirates
Senegal 5.36 Dominican Republic 0.24
Cyprus
Democratic Republic of the Congo 5.27
Cuba 0.11 Czechia WPR
South Sudan 5.02
Denmark Tuvalu 60.03
Colombia 0.07
Ghana 4.94 Estonia Tonga 45.41

Zimbabwe 4.94 Jamaica 0.04 Finland Nauru 43.29

Togo 4.82 France Solomon Islands 26.32

Brazil 0.03
United Republic of Tanzania 4.66 Germany Samoa 22.31
Argentina 0.01 Greece
Benin 4.39 Kiribati 9.95
Costa Rica 0.01 Hungary
Côte d'Ivoire 4.23 Vanuatu 7.20
Iceland
Chad 4.16 Mexico 0.01 Fiji 7.00
Ireland
Mongolia 6.47
Madagascar 4.08 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.00 Israel
Niue 6.01
Namibia 3.97 Italy
Dominica Cook Islands 5.02
Ethiopia 3.53 Latvia
Grenada Lithuania Micronesia (Federated States of) 3.65
Niger 3.48
Luxembourg Lao People's Democratic Republic 3.33
Kenya 3.36
SEAR Malta Cambodia 3.01
Nigeria 2.87
Timor-Leste 12.12 Monaco Papua New Guinea 2.92
Mauritania 2.53
Netherlands Palau 2.72
Eritrea 2.44 Myanmar 2.78
Norway Marshall Islands 2.67
Botswana 2.36 Bhutan 2.57 Poland
Viet Nam 0.84
Gabon 2.25 Nepal 2.47 Portugal
Philippines 0.73
Cameroon 2.22 Romania
Maldives 1.29 China 0.11
Congo 1.65 Russian Federation
Bangladesh 1.25 Malaysia 0.05
San Marino
Angola 1.57
Sri Lanka 0.98 Australia
Slovakia
South Africa 1.55 Democratic People's Republic of 0.90 Brunei Darussalam
Slovenia
Equatorial Guinea 1.29 Korea
Spain Japan
Indonesia 0.51
Cabo Verde 0.92 Sweden New Zealand
Mauritius 0.28 Thailand 0.37 Switzerland Republic of Korea
Algeria 0.02 India 0.28 United Kingdom Singapore

1
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD.Stat [online database]. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (http://stats.oecd.org/, accessed
19 January 2018). Income classification is based on the July 2017 World Bank list of economies (https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-
country-and-lending-groups, accessed 19 January 2018).

44 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 3.c.1 Health workers
HEALTH WORKERS
SDG Target 3.c
Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in
least-developed countries and small-island developing States
Indicator 3.c.1: Health worker density and distribution

Density of physicians and of nursing and midwifery personnel (per 1000 population), latest available data, 2007–20161
Data type: Primary data

Nursing and midwifery personnel Physicians

2012 or later Pre-2012 2012 or later Pre-2012

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Mauritius Cuba 8.0 7.5 Monaco 20.5 Jordan
Algeria Uruguay San Marino 9.1 Kuwait
Seychelles Argentina Greece Saudi Arabia
Austria 8.3 Lebanon
South Africa United States of America
Georgia Libya
Cabo Verde Canada 9.8
Portugal Qatar
Gabon Bahamas
Norway 17.8 Oman
Botswana Mexico Lithuania 8.1 United Arab Emirates
Nigeria El Salvador Switzerland 18.2 Syrian Arab Republic
Namibia Brazil 7.4 Germany 13.8
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Kenya Trinidad and Tobago Sweden 11.9
Tunisia
Benin Colombia Belarus 11.4
Pakistan
Ecuador Italy
Swaziland Bahrain
Panama Bulgaria
Angola Iraq
Russian Federation 8.7
Côte d'Ivoire Dominican Republic Egypt
Malta 9.1
Paraguay Morocco
Madagascar Spain
Costa Rica Sudan
Mauritania Iceland 15.2
Peru Yemen
Congo Andorra
Chile Afghanistan
Gambia Czechia 8.4
Djibouti
Nicaragua Denmark 17.0
Ghana Somalia
Guatemala Israel
Uganda
Democratic Republic Belize Netherlands 10.5 WPR
of the Congo Slovakia
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Australia 12.6
Zambia Estonia
Jamaica Mongolia
Mali Azerbaijan
Guyana New Zealand 11.1
Cameroon Kazakhstan 8.5
Saint Lucia Japan 11.2
Guinea-Bissau France 10.6
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Latvia Republic of Korea
Zimbabwe
Suriname Republic of Moldova Singapore
Guinea
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Finland 15.0 Niue 9.8
Senegal
Saint Kitts and Nevis Croatia China
Rwanda
Honduras Hungary Brunei Darussalam
Togo Belgium 11.1
Haiti Malaysia
Mozambique Ukraine
Grenada Nauru
Burkina Faso Ireland 12.4
Dominica Tuvalu
Central African Republic Luxembourg 12.3
Barbados The former Yugoslav Republic Cook Islands
Chad of Macedonia
Antigua and Barbuda United Kingdom Palau
8.4
Ethiopia
Slovenia 8.8
Fiji
Sierra Leone
Armenia Viet Nam
Liberia SEAR Romania Tonga
United Republic of Tanzania Maldives 8.2
Cyprus Lao People's Democratic Republic
Democratic People's Republic
Niger of Korea Serbia Marshall Islands
Sri Lanka Uzbekistan
Malawi 12.5 Samoa
India Montenegro
South Sudan Kiribati
Nepal Turkmenistan
Sao Tome and Principe Micronesia (Federated States of)
Myanmar Poland
Lesotho Solomon Islands
Bangladesh Bosnia and Herzegovina
Eritrea Thailand Vanuatu
Kyrgyzstan
Equatorial Guinea Bhutan Turkey Cambodia
Comoros Indonesia Tajikistan Papua New Guinea
Burundi Timor-Leste Albania Philippines

Latest available data for more cadres are presented in Annex B. Source: WHO Global Health Workforce Statistics [online database]. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World
1

Health Organization (http://who.int/hrh/statistics/hwfstats/en/). Country comparisons are affected by differences in the occupations included in the cadre. Please refer to the source for
country-specific definitions and other descriptive metadata. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted in order of descending physician density.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 45

Indicator 3.d.1 IHR capacity and health emergency preparedness
IHR CAPACITY AND HEALTH EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
SDG Target 3.d
Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks
Indicator 3.d.1: International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity and health emergency preparedness

International Health Regulations implementation: average of 13 core capacity scores, latest available data, 2010–20171
Data type : Other data

2012 or later Pre-2012

AFR AMR EUR EMR

South Africa 91 Canada 100 Norway 99 Saudi Arabia 99

Côte d'Ivoire 87 United States of America 100 Russian Federation 99 United Arab Emirates 97

Seychelles 87 Cuba 99 Germany 97 Egypt 96

Brazil 96 Cyprus 96 Morocco 95

Ethiopia 79
94 Finland 96 Bahrain 93
Namibia 79 Mexico
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 94 Armenia 95 Oman 90
Liberia 76
Netherlands 95 Iraq 89
El Salvador 93
Algeria 75
Slovakia 95
Barbados 92 Kuwait 85
Angola 75 Spain 95
Nicaragua 91 Lebanon 80
Swaziland 75 Czechia 94
Guyana 89 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 76
Ghana 74 Sweden 93
Colombia 88 Qatar 76
Niger 74 Portugal 91
Costa Rica 87 Jordan 72
Switzerland 91
Zimbabwe 72 Sudan 67
Uruguay 87
Belarus 90
Mauritius 71
84 Libya 64
Chile Denmark 90
Sierra Leone 70 83 Syrian Arab Republic 64
Jamaica² Italy 90
Mozambique 69 Tunisia 57
Ecuador 81 Latvia 90
United Republic of Tanzania 69 90 Pakistan 51
Bahamas 78 The former
The former Yugoslav
Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of ..
of Macedonia
France 89 Yemen 48
Rwanda 66 Paraguay 77
Tajikistan 89 Afghanistan 42
Cabo Verde 65 Saint Lucia 77
United Kingdom 89 Djibouti 33
Democratic Republic of the Congo 65 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 76
Luxembourg 88 Somalia 29
Togo 64 Panama 76
Turkey 88
Suriname 72
Zambia 64
Azerbaijan 84 WPR
Trinidad and Tobago 72
Lesotho 62
Turkmenistan 84 Australia 100
Guinea 59 Antigua and Barbuda 71
Belgium 83 China 100
Argentina 70
Kenya 58 Uzbekistan 83 Japan 100
Honduras 70
Uganda 58 Hungary 82 Malaysia 100
Grenada 66 Monaco 81
Cameroon 57 Singapore 99
Peru 66 Republic of Moldova 81
Malawi 56 Fiji 98
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 65 Malta 79
Guinea-Bissau 53 New Zealand 98
Dominica 62 Ireland 78
Gabon 52 Republic of Korea 98
Haiti 61 Kazakhstan 78
Viet Nam 95
Nigeria 51 Lithuania 77
Belize 55
Palau 91
Eritrea 49 Slovenia 77
Dominican Republic 55
Greece 76 Mongolia 87
Burkina Faso 45
Guatemala 55
Romania 76 Micronesia (Federated States of) 86
Chad 44 Saint Kitts and Nevis 52
Georgia 74 Cambodia 81
Senegal 44

Madagascar 43 SEAR Poland 74 Philippines 81

Iceland 72 Lao People's Democratic Republic² 75

Botswana 42 Indonesia 99
Croatia 71 Samoa 75
Mali 40 Thailand 97
Israel 71
Tonga 74
Comoros 37 India 95 Estonia 70
Brunei Darussalam 67
South Sudan 34
Bangladesh 78 Bulgaria 69
Papua New Guinea 64
Mauritania 32 Austria 68
Sri Lanka 76 Niue 61
San Marino 61
Congo 31
60
Bhutan 73 Kiribati
Bosnia and Herzegovina 58
Benin 30
57
56 Marshall Islands
Timor-Leste 72 Montenegro
Central African Republic 27 Solomon Islands 57
Democratic People's Republic of 67 Kyrgyzstan 50
Equatorial Guinea 27 Korea 54
Ukraine 49 Tuvalu
Maldives 63
Gambia 27 Albania 46 Cook Islands 43

Burundi 25 Myanmar 62
Serbia 44 Nauru 42

Sao Tome and Principe 16 Nepal 22 Andorra 29 Vanuatu 35

International Health Regulations (2005) Monitoring Framework [online database]. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/ihr/en/).
1

Data refer to year 2016. Data for 2017 were submitted in a format that could not be included in the analysis.
2

46 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 1.a.2 Government spending on essential services, including health
GOVERNMENT SPENDING ON ESSENTIAL SERVICES, INCLUDING HEALTH
SDG Target 1.a
Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and
predictable means for developing countries, in particular least-developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions
Indicator 1.a.2: Proportion of total government spending on essential services (education, health and social protection)

Domestic general government health expenditure (GGHE-D) as a percentage of general government expenditure (GGE) (%), 20151
Data type: Comparable estimate

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Madagascar 15.6 United States of America 22.6 Switzerland 25.2 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 22.6

Swaziland 14.9 Uruguay 20.0 Germany 21.4 Sudan 18.1

South Africa 14.1 Chile 19.6 Netherlands 19.0 Lebanon 14.3

Canada 19.1 Andorra 18.5 Tunisia 13.6

Namibia 12.9
El Salvador 19.1 United Kingdom 18.5 Jordan 12.4
Burundi 11.8
Costa Rica 18.8 Ireland 18.4 Saudi Arabia 10.1
Cabo Verde 10.8
Sweden 18.4 Bahrain 9.5
Nicaragua 17.4
Malawi 10.8
Norway 17.5
Antigua and Barbuda 14.9 United Arab Emirates 8.0
Algeria 10.7 Iceland 16.4
Guatemala 14.9 Morocco 7.7
Sao Tome and Principe 10.7 Belgium 16.0
Peru 14.4 Oman 6.7
Gambia 10.6 Denmark 15.8
Bahamas 14.2 Qatar 6.3
Seychelles 10.0 France 15.3
Jamaica 12.6 Kuwait 6.2
Austria 15.1
Mauritius 9.9 Egypt 4.2
Argentina 12.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina 14.9
Guinea-Bissau 9.5 Djibouti 4.1
Colombia 12.2 Spain 14.9
Lesotho 9.3
Honduras 11.3 Pakistan 3.7
Czechia 14.3
Botswana 8.8 11.3 Yemen 2.2
Mexico San Marino 14.3
Zimbabwe 8.1 14.2 Afghanistan 2.0
Panama 11.3 Malta
Italy 13.4 Iraq 1.7
Sierra Leone 7.9 Belize 11.1
Finland 12.8 Libya
United Republic of Tanzania 7.4 Ecuador 11.0
Slovenia 12.7 Somalia
Burkina Faso 7.2 Paraguay 10.8
Portugal 12.3 Syrian Arab Republic
Ghana 7.1 Dominica 10.6
Serbia 12.3
Suriname 10.5
Gabon 7.0
Estonia 12.2 WPR
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10.0
Zambia 6.8
Lithuania 12.2 Marshall Islands 21.2
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 9.8
Chad 6.3 Republic of Moldova 12.2 Palau 13.1
Dominican Republic 9.5
Kenya 6.3 Luxembourg 12.1 Republic of Korea 12.9
Saint Lucia 8.5
12.1
Rwanda 6.2 TheYugoslav
The former former Yugoslav Republic
Republic of of ..
Macedonia Tuvalu 12.1
Trinidad and Tobago 8.5
Slovakia 12.0
Ethiopia 6.0 Singapore 12.0
Guyana 7.8 Croatia 11.7
Togo 5.7 Vanuatu 11.8
Brazil 7.7 Kazakhstan 10.9
Uganda 5.6 Samoa 11.5
Barbados 7.4 Romania 10.8
Mauritania 5.5 Solomon Islands 10.6
Grenada 7.4 Poland 10.7
China 10.1
Nigeria 5.3 Georgia 10.5
Saint Kitts and Nevis 6.5
Papua New Guinea 8.7
Côte d'Ivoire 5.0
Haiti 3.3 Bulgaria 10.3

Turkey 10.1 Tonga 8.4

Democratic Republic of the Congo 5.0 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 3.1
Kyrgyzstan 9.9 Malaysia 8.3
Niger 4.6 Cuba
Hungary 9.7 Viet Nam 7.9
Mali 4.5

Senegal 4.2 SEAR Russian Federation 9.6 Philippines 7.4

Albania 9.5 Fiji 7.2

Maldives 22.8
Central African Republic 4.1
Uzbekistan 9.3 Brunei Darussalam 6.4
Comoros 3.8 Thailand 16.6
Greece 9.1
Kiribati 6.3
Angola 3.7 Bhutan 9.1 Latvia 8.9
Cambodia 6.1
Benin 3.4 Sri Lanka 7.9 Montenegro 8.8
Micronesia (Federated States of) 6.1
Cameroon 3.1 Turkmenistan 8.7
Indonesia 7.4 Mongolia 6.0
Belarus 8.5
Congo 3.1
5.2
Nepal 5.5 Nauru
Ukraine 8.3
Guinea 2.7
5.1
Myanmar 4.9 8.1 Cook Islands
Monaco
Liberia 2.7 Lao People's Democratic Republic 3.8
Timor-Leste 4.2 Cyprus 7.1
Eritrea 1.8 Niue 2.2
Armenia 6.1
India 3.4
South Sudan 1.6 Tajikistan 6.1 Australia
Equatorial Guinea 1.3 Bangladesh 2.8
Azerbaijan 4.1 Japan
Democratic People's Republic of
Mozambique 1.2 Israel New Zealand
Korea

This indicator is presented here as it could constitute the health-related portion of the SDG indicator. Source: Global Health Expenditure Database [online database]. Geneva: World Health
1

Organization (http://apps.who.int/nha/database/Select/Indicators/en, accessed 7 April 2018).

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 47

Indicator 2.2.1 Stunting among children
STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN
SDG Target 2.2
By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age,
and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons
Indicator 2.2.1: Prevalence of stunting (height for age <-2 standard deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among
children under 5 years of age
Prevalence of stunting among children under 5 years of age (%), latest available data, 2007–20161
Data type: Primary data

2012 or later Pre-2012

AFR AMR EUR EMR
Seychelles² 7.9 Chile 1.8 The former
The former YugoslavYugoslav
RepublicRepublic of ..
of Macedonia 4.9 Kuwait 4.9

Algeria 11.7 United States of America 2.1 Serbia 6.0 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 6.8

Senegal 17.0 Saint Lucia 2.5 Republic of Moldova 6.4 Jordan 7.8

Costa Rica 5.6 Kazakhstan 8.0 Tunisia 10.1

Sao Tome and Principe 17.2
5.6 Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.9 Oman 14.1
Gabon 17.5 Paraguay
Jamaica 6.2 Armenia 9.4 Morocco 14.9
Ghana 18.8
Montenegro 9.4 Libya 21.0
Brazil 7.1
Congo 21.2
Turkey 9.5
Dominican Republic 7.1 Egypt 22.3
Côte d'Ivoire 21.6 Georgia 11.3
Barbados 7.7 Iraq 22.6
Namibia 23.1 Turkmenistan 11.5
Suriname 8.8 Somalia 25.3
Gambia 25.0 Kyrgyzstan 12.9
Uruguay² 10.7 Syrian Arab Republic 27.5
Swaziland 25.5 Azerbaijan 18.0
Trinidad and Tobago 11.0 Djibouti 33.5
Albania 23.1
Kenya 26.0 Sudan 38.2
Guyana 12.0
Tajikistan 26.8
Equatorial Guinea 26.2
12.4 Afghanistan 40.9
Mexico Andorra
Zimbabwe 26.8 12.7 Pakistan 45.0
Colombia Austria
Burkina Faso 27.3 Yemen 46.5
Peru 13.1 Belarus
South Africa 27.4 Bahrain
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)² 13.4 Belgium
Bulgaria Lebanon
Togo 27.5 El Salvador 13.6
Croatia Qatar
Guinea-Bissau 27.6 Belize 15.0
Cyprus Saudi Arabia
Mauritania 27.9 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 16.1
Czechia United Arab Emirates
Uganda 28.9 Nicaragua 17.3
Denmark
Panama 19.1
Mali 30.4
Estonia WPR
Haiti 21.9
South Sudan 31.1
Finland Australia² 2.0
Botswana 31.4 Honduras 22.7
France Republic of Korea² 2.5
Ecuador 23.9
Cameroon 31.7 Germany Samoa 4.7
Guatemala 46.5
Comoros 32.1 Greece Japan 7.1
Antigua and Barbuda Hungary
Liberia 32.1 China² 8.1
Argentina Iceland
Guinea 32.4 Tonga 8.1
Bahamas Ireland
Lesotho 33.2 Tuvalu 10.0
Canada Israel
Benin 34.0 Mongolia 10.8
Cuba Italy
Brunei Darussalam 19.7
United Republic of Tanzania 34.4 Latvia
Dominica
Malaysia 20.7
Rwanda 36.7 Lithuania
Grenada
Luxembourg Nauru 24.0
Malawi 37.1
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Malta Viet Nam 24.6
Angola 37.6 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Monaco Vanuatu 28.5
Sierra Leone 37.9

Ethiopia 38.4 SEAR Netherlands Solomon Islands 31.6

Norway Cambodia 32.4

Chad 39.9 Thailand 10.5
Poland Philippines 33.4
Zambia 40.0 Sri Lanka 17.3
Portugal Lao People's Democratic Republic 43.8
Central African Republic 40.7 Maldives 20.3 Romania
Papua New Guinea 49.5
Niger 42.2 Democratic People's Republic of 27.9 Russian Federation
Korea Cook Islands
Democratic Republic of the Congo 42.6 San Marino
Myanmar 29.2 Fiji
Mozambique 43.1 Slovakia
Bhutan 33.6 Kiribati
Slovenia
Nigeria 43.6
Marshall Islands
Nepal 35.8 Spain
Madagascar 49.2 Micronesia (Federated States of)
Bangladesh 36.1 Sweden
Eritrea 50.3 New Zealand
Switzerland
Indonesia 36.4
Burundi 55.9 Ukraine Niue
Cabo Verde India 38.4
United Kingdom Palau
Mauritius Timor-Leste 50.2 Uzbekistan Singapore

1
Levels and trends in child malnutrition. UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. New York (NY), Geneva and Washington (DC): United Nations Children’s Fund,
World Health Organization and the World Bank Group; 2018.
2
See Annex B for additional information on this value.

48 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 2.2.2 Wasting and overweight among children
WASTING AND OVERWEIGHT AMONG CHILDREN
SDG Target 2.2
By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age,
and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons
Indicator 2.2.2: Prevalence of malnutrition (weight for height >+2 or <-2 standard deviation from the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards) among children under
5 years of age, by type (wasting and overweight)

Prevalence of wasting and of overweight in children under 5 years of age (%), latest available data, 2007–20161
Data type: Primary data
Wasting Overweight
2012 or later Pre-2012 2012 or later Pre-2012

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Senegal Haiti Republic of Moldova Yemen 16.3

Burkina Faso Suriname Turkmenistan Somalia 15.0

Mauritania Guatemala Tajikistan 9.9 Sudan 16.3

14.8
Kyrgyzstan Oman
Burundi Colombia
Kazakhstan 9.3 Jordan
Côte d'Ivoire Mexico
Turkey 10.9 Pakistan 10.5
Nigeria 10.8 Honduras The former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia 12.4 Afghanistan 9.5
Benin Guyana Azerbaijan 13.0 Kuwait²
Central African Republic United States of America Armenia 13.6 Djibouti 21.5 8.1
Mali Saint Lucia Serbia 13.9
13.5 Morocco 10.7
Eritrea 15.3
El Salvador Bosnia and Herzegovina 17.4
Iraq 11.8

Togo Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)² Georgia 19.9

Tunisia 14.3
Peru Montenegro 22.3
Guinea-Bissau Egypt 9.5 15.7

Uruguay² Albania 9.4 23.4

Sao Tome and Principe Syrian Arab Republic 11.5 17.9
Andorra
Chad 13.0
Brazil Libya 22.4
Austria
Belize Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Ghana Belarus
Dominican Republic Bahrain
Ethiopia 9.9 Belgium
Ecuador Lebanon
Niger 10.3 Bulgaria
Costa Rica Qatar
Liberia 8.1 Croatia
Saudi Arabia
Nicaragua 8.3 Cyprus
Gambia 11.1
United Arab Emirates
Jamaica 8.5 Czechia
Angola
United Republic of Tanzania
Chile 9.3
Denmark WPR
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Estonia
Uganda
10.1 Japan
Finland
Trinidad and Tobago 11.5 Lao People's Democratic Republic
Guinea 8.1 France
Barbados 12.2 Cambodia 9.6
Kenya Germany
Paraguay 12.4 Nauru
Namibia Greece
Democratic Republic Panama Hungary Philippines
of the Congo 8.1
Antigua and Barbuda Iceland Solomon Islands
Malawi
Argentina Ireland Vanuatu
Zimbabwe
Bahamas Israel Viet Nam
Congo 8.2
Canada Italy Samoa
South Sudan 22.7 Latvia
Cuba Malaysia 11.5
Zambia Lithuania
Dominica Tuvalu
Cameroon Luxembourg
Grenada China²
Lesotho Malta
Saint Kitts and Nevis Republic of Korea²
Rwanda Monaco
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Netherlands Australia²
Gabon
Norway Brunei Darussalam 8.3
Mozambique
Poland Mongolia
Sierra Leone 9.4 8.9
SEAR Portugal Papua New Guinea 14.3
10.5

13.8
Swaziland Nepal 9.7
9.0 Romania Tonga 17.3
Equatorial Guinea Myanmar
9.7 Russian Federation Cook Islands
Bangladesh 14.3
San Marino
Seychelles² 10.2 Fiji
Timor-Leste 11.0
Slovakia
Comoros 11.1 10.9 Kiribati
Sri Lanka 15.1 Slovenia
Botswana 11.2 Marshall Islands
India 21.0 Spain
Algeria 12.4 Micronesia (Federated States of)
Maldives 10.2 Sweden
South Africa 13.3
Bhutan New Zealand
Switzerland
Cabo Verde Thailand 8.2 Ukraine Niue
Madagascar Indonesia 13.5 11.5 United Kingdom Palau
Mauritius Democratic People's Republic Uzbekistan Singapore
of Korea

1
Levels and trends in child malnutrition. UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. New York (NY), Geneva and Washington (DC): United Nations Children’s Fund,
World Health Organization and the World Bank Group; 2018. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted in order of ascending overweight prevalence.
2
See Annex B for additional information on this value.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 49

Indicator 6.1.1 Safely managed drinking-water services
SAFELY MANAGED DRINKING-WATER SERVICES
SDG Target 6.1
By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all
Indicator 6.1.1: Proportion of population using safely managed drinking-water services

Proportion of population using safely managed drinking-water services (%), 20151

Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Côte d'Ivoire 46 United States of America 99 Cyprus 100 Kuwait 100

Congo 37 Chile 98 Malta 100 Bahrain 99

Ghana 27 Costa Rica 90 Monaco 100 Jordan 93

Ecuador 74 Netherlands 100 Tunisia 93

Nigeria 19
Colombia 71 San Marino 100 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 91
Ethiopia 11
Guatemala 61 Austria 99 Oman 88
Uganda 6
59
Germany 99 Morocco 69
Nicaragua
Algeria Greece 99
Peru 50 Lebanon 48
Angola Ireland 99
Mexico 43 Pakistan 36
Benin Israel 99
Antigua and Barbuda Afghanistan
Botswana Belgium 98
Argentina Djibouti
Burkina Faso Czechia 98
Bahamas Egypt
Iceland 98
Burundi Iraq
Barbados Luxembourg 98
Cabo Verde Belize Libya
Slovenia 98
Cameroon Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Qatar
Spain 98
Central African Republic Brazil 98
Saudi Arabia
Sweden
Chad 97 Somalia
Canada Bulgaria
Denmark 97 Sudan
Comoros Cuba
Finland 97 Syrian Arab Republic
Democratic Republic of the Congo Dominica
United Kingdom 96 United Arab Emirates
Equatorial Guinea Dominican Republic
Norway 95 Yemen
Eritrea El Salvador
Portugal 95
Grenada
Gabon
Switzerland 95 WPR
Guyana
Gambia Belarus 94 New Zealand 100
Haiti
Guinea Italy 94 Singapore 100
Honduras
Guinea-Bissau Poland 94 Republic of Korea 98
Jamaica
Kenya France 93 Japan 97
Panama 93
Lesotho Slovakia Niue 97
Paraguay Lithuania 92
Liberia Malaysia 92
Saint Kitts and Nevis Ukraine 92
Madagascar Cambodia 24
Saint Lucia Croatia 90
Malawi Australia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Montenegro 90
Mali Brunei Darussalam
Suriname Bosnia and Herzegovina 89
Mauritania China
Trinidad and Tobago Serbia 88
Turkmenistan 86 Cook Islands
Mauritius Uruguay
TheYugoslav
The former former Yugoslav Republic
Republic of of ..
Macedonia 83 Fiji
Mozambique Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Estonia 82 Kiribati
Namibia
Niger
SEAR Hungary 82 Lao People's Democratic Republic
Latvia 82 Marshall Islands
Rwanda Bangladesh 56
Romania 82 Micronesia (Federated States of)
Sao Tome and Principe Bhutan 34
Russian Federation 76
Mongolia
Senegal Nepal 27 Georgia 73
Nauru
Seychelles Democratic People's Republic of Azerbaijan 72
Korea Palau
Sierra Leone Republic of Moldova 70
India Papua New Guinea
Albania 69
South Africa
Indonesia Philippines
Kyrgyzstan 66
South Sudan
Maldives 61 Samoa
Armenia
Swaziland Solomon Islands
Myanmar Tajikistan 47
Togo Tonga
Andorra
Sri Lanka
United Republic of Tanzania Kazakhstan Tuvalu
Zambia Thailand Turkey Vanuatu
Zimbabwe Timor-Leste Uzbekistan Viet Nam

Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene – 2017 update and SDG baselines. Geneva and New York (NY): World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund; 2017
1

(https://washdata.org/sites/default/files/documents/reports/2018-01/JMP-2017-report-final.pdf, accessed 31 March 2018) and Water and sanitation [online database]. Global Health
Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/mdg/environmental_sustainability/en/). Comparable estimates are only shown for countries with
recent primary data.

50 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 6.2.1 Safely managed sanitation services
SAFELY MANAGED SANITATION SERVICES
SDG Target 6.2
By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls
and those in vulnerable situations
Indicator 6.2.1: Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services, including a hand-washing facility with soap and water

Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services (%), 20151

Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Senegal 24 United States of America 89 Andorra 100 Kuwait 100

Algeria 19 Chile 85 Monaco 100 Bahrain 93

Niger 9 Canada 77 Switzerland 99 United Arab Emirates 93

Uruguay 64 United Kingdom 98 Qatar 88

Angola
Mexico 45 Austria 97 Saudi Arabia 84
Benin
Ecuador 42 Belgium 97 Jordan 77
Botswana
39
Netherlands 97 Tunisia 73
Brazil
Burkina Faso Spain 97
Cuba 31 Egypt 61
Burundi Germany 95
Peru 30 Morocco 38
Cabo Verde Italy 95
Argentina 26 Iraq 32
Cameroon Luxembourg 94
Colombia 20 Libya 26
Central African Republic Denmark 93
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 19 Lebanon 20
Estonia 93
Chad Somalia 14
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 19
Israel 93
Comoros Antigua and Barbuda Afghanistan
Malta 93
Congo Bahamas Djibouti
Finland 92
Côte d'Ivoire Barbados 92
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
France
Democratic Republic of the Congo 92 Oman
Belize Sweden
Czechia 91 Pakistan
Equatorial Guinea Costa Rica
Slovakia 82 Sudan
Eritrea Dominica
Latvia 78 Syrian Arab Republic
Ethiopia Dominican Republic
Norway 78 Yemen
Gabon El Salvador
San Marino 78
Grenada
Gambia
Poland 77 WPR
Guatemala
Ghana Belarus 76 Japan 100
Guyana
Guinea Cyprus 76 Singapore 100
Haiti
Guinea-Bissau Hungary 76 Republic of Korea 98
Honduras
Kenya Slovenia 76 Malaysia 82
Jamaica 75
Lesotho Greece New Zealand 76
Nicaragua Bulgaria 74
Liberia Australia 74
Panama Ireland 70
Madagascar China 60
Paraguay Iceland 69
Malawi Palau 20
Saint Kitts and Nevis Albania 65
Tuvalu 9
Mali Saint Lucia Portugal 62
Mauritania Brunei Darussalam
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Lithuania 61

Croatia 60 Cambodia
Mauritius Suriname
Romania 57 Cook Islands
Mozambique Trinidad and Tobago
Turkey 44 Fiji
Namibia
Nigeria
SEAR Serbia 24 Kiribati
Bosnia and Herzegovina 23 Lao People's Democratic Republic
Rwanda Bangladesh
Armenia Marshall Islands
Sao Tome and Principe Bhutan
Azerbaijan Micronesia (Federated States of)
Democratic People's Republic of
Seychelles Georgia
Korea Mongolia
Sierra Leone India Kazakhstan
Nauru
South Africa Kyrgyzstan
Indonesia Niue
South Sudan Montenegro
Maldives Papua New Guinea
Republic of Moldova
Swaziland
Myanmar Philippines
Russian Federation
Togo Samoa
Nepal Tajikistan
Uganda Solomon Islands
TheYugoslav
The former former Yugoslav Republic
Republic of of ..
Macedonia
Sri Lanka
United Republic of Tanzania Turkmenistan Tonga
Zambia Thailand Ukraine Vanuatu
Zimbabwe Timor-Leste Uzbekistan Viet Nam

Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene – 2017 update and SDG baselines. Geneva and New York (NY): World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund; 2017
1

(https://washdata.org/sites/default/files/documents/reports/2018-01/JMP-2017-report-final.pdf, accessed 31 March 2018) and Water and sanitation [online database]. Global Health
Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/mdg/environmental_sustainability/en/). Comparable estimates are only shown for countries with
recent primary data.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 51

Indicator 7.1.2 Clean household energy
CLEAN HOUSEHOLD ENERGY
SDG Target 7.1
By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services
Indicator 7.1.2: Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology

Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels (%), 20161

Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Algeria 93 Antigua and Barbuda >95 Andorra² >95 Bahrain² >95

Mauritius 93 Argentina >95 Armenia >95 Egypt >95

Seychelles 90 Bahamas² >95 Austria² >95 Iran (Islamic Republic of) >95

Barbados >95 Azerbaijan >95 Iraq >95

South Africa 85
Brazil >95 Belarus >95 Jordan >95
Gabon 79
Canada² >95 Belgium² >95 Kuwait² >95
Cabo Verde 71
>95
Cyprus² >95 Morocco >95
Ecuador
Botswana 64
Czechia >95
Grenada >95 Oman >95
Swaziland 50 Denmark² >95
Saint Kitts and Nevis² >95 Qatar >95
Angola 48 Finland² >95
Saint Lucia >95 Saudi Arabia >95
Mauritania 47 France² >95
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines >95 Syrian Arab Republic >95
Namibia 42 Germany² >95
Trinidad and Tobago >95 Tunisia >95
Hungary² >95
Lesotho 36 United Arab Emirates >95
United States of America² >95
Iceland² >95
Equatorial Guinea 34
Uruguay >95 Yemen 65
Ireland² >95
Senegal 32 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) >95 Pakistan 43
Israel²
Israel 2,3³ >95
Zimbabwe 29 Costa Rica 93 >95
Sudan 41
Italy²
Congo 24 >95 Afghanistan 32
Chile 92 Kazakhstan
Latvia >95 Djibouti 12
Cameroon 23 Colombia 92
Lithuania² Somalia <5
Ghana 22 Dominica 91 Lithuania 2,3³ >95

90 Luxembourg² >95 Lebanon

Côte d'Ivoire 18 Dominican Republic
Malta² >95 Libya
Sao Tome and Principe 17 Jamaica 90
Monaco² >95
Suriname 90
Eritrea 16
Netherlands² >95 WPR
Panama 89
Zambia 16
Norway² >95 Australia² >95
El Salvador 86
Kenya 13 Poland² >95 Brunei Darussalam² >95
Belize 85
Burkina Faso 9 Portugal²
Portugal 2,3³ >95 Japan² >95
Mexico 85
Comoros 9 Russian Federation >95 Malaysia >95
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 80
>95
Togo 7 San Marino² New Zealand² >95
Cuba 79
Slovakia >95
Benin 6 Republic of Korea >95
Peru 75 Slovenia >95
Burundi <5 Singapore² >95
Guyana 74 Spain² >95
Central African Republic <5 Niue 93
Paraguay 66 Sweden² >95
Nauru 91
Chad <5 Honduras 53 Switzerland² >95
Palau 87
Democratic Republic of the Congo <5 Nicaragua 52 Turkmenistan >95

Ukraine >95 Cook Islands 84

Ethiopia <5 Guatemala 45
United Kingdom² >95 Viet Nam 67
Gambia <5 Haiti <5
Greece 94 Marshall Islands 65
Guinea <5
Guinea-Bissau <5
SEAR Croatia 93 China 59

Estonia 93 Tonga 59
Liberia <5 Maldives 94
Republic of Moldova 92 Tuvalu 50
Madagascar <5 Thailand 74
Uzbekistan 92
Mongolia 43
Malawi <5 Indonesia 58 Bulgaria 89
Philippines 43
Mali <5 Bhutan 52 Romania 86
Fiji 40
Mozambique <5 Kyrgyzstan 81
India³ 41 Samoa 32
Tajikistan 80
Niger <5 18
Nepal 28 Cambodia
Georgia 78
Nigeria <5 13
Sri Lanka 26 77 Papua New Guinea
Albania
Rwanda <5 Vanuatu 13
Bangladesh 18 Serbia 76
Sierra Leone <5 Micronesia (Federated States of) 12
Montenegro 69
Myanmar 18
South Sudan <5 The former Yugoslav 66 Solomon Islands 8
The former Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of ..
of Macedonia
Democratic People's Republic of 11
Uganda <5 Korea Bosnia and Herzegovina 63 Kiribati 6
United Republic of Tanzania <5 Timor-Leste 7 Turkey Lao People's Democratic Republic 6

1
Public health and environment [online database]. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/phe/en/).
2
For high-income countries with no information on clean fuel use, usage is assumed to be > 95%.
3
Under country consultation as of May 2018.

52 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 11.6.2 Air pollution
AIR POLLUTION
SDG Target 11.6
By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste
management
Indicator 11.6.2: Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g. PM2.5 and PM10) in cities (population weighted)

Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in urban areas (μg/m3), 20161
Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Mauritius 13.5 Canada 6.7 Iceland 5.9 Somalia 28.0

Swaziland 16.2 United States of America 7.6 Sweden 6.1 Lebanon 30.7

Liberia 17.0 Uruguay 8.7 Finland 6.5 Morocco 31.1

Argentina 11.7 Estonia 7.0 Jordan 31.7

Mozambique 18.4
Paraguay 11.7 Norway 7.8 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 34.4
Comoros 18.6
Brazil 11.8 Portugal² 8.1 Tunisia 35.7
Seychelles 18.6
12.0
Ireland 8.7 Oman 36.2
Panama
Zimbabwe 19.1
Spain 9.8
Saint Kitts and Nevis 12.3 United Arab Emirates 37.2
Sierra Leone 20.6 Denmark 10.3
Dominican Republic 13.3 Syrian Arab Republic 37.4
Botswana 20.9 Luxembourg 10.4
Jamaica 13.6 Djibouti 41.0
Namibia 21.0 Switzerland 10.4
Haiti 14.7 Libya 41.7
Malawi 21.9 United Kingdom 10.6
Ecuador 15.5 Yemen 44.3
Andorra 11.5
Guinea 22.2 Sudan 46.8
Costa Rica 16.7
Germany 11.9
Madagascar 22.5
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 16.8 Pakistan 56.2
Netherlands 12.1
Zambia 23.8 Colombia 17.2 Kuwait 58.9
Monaco 12.2
Côte d'Ivoire 23.9 Antigua and Barbuda 18.0 12.3
Afghanistan 59.9
Lithuania²
South Africa 24.3 12.4 Iraq 60.1
Dominica 18.8 France
Belgium 13.0 Bahrain 69.0
United Republic of Tanzania 25.1 Bahamas 19.0
Austria 13.1 Egypt 79.6
Sao Tome and Principe 25.2 Nicaragua 19.0
San Marino 13.4 Saudi Arabia 86.7
Kenya 25.8 Belize 20.9
Malta 14.0 Qatar 91.7
Guinea-Bissau 26.5 Mexico 20.9
Latvia 14.4
Saint Lucia 21.2
Lesotho 28.1
Kazakhstan 14.5 WPR
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 21.4
Angola 28.4
Russian Federation 14.7 Brunei Darussalam 5.8
Honduras 21.5
Mali 29.0 Romania 15.4 New Zealand 5.8
Cuba 21.6
Benin 30.4 Czechia 15.6 Australia 7.3
Guyana 21.6
Ghana 31.1 Italy 15.7 Tonga 10.2
Grenada 21.8
16.3
Togo 31.2 Hungary Fiji 10.5
Barbados 22.4
Greece 16.4
Cabo Verde 31.6 Micronesia (Federated States of) 10.5
Trinidad and Tobago 22.4 Slovenia 16.4
Gambia 32.3 Kiribati 10.9
Chile 23.1 Republic of Moldova 16.5
Ethiopia 34.0 Samoa 10.9
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 23.3 Cyprus 17.1
Vanuatu 11.0
Algeria 34.5
El Salvador 23.8 Kyrgyzstan 17.4
Papua New Guinea 11.5
Burundi 35.6 Guatemala 24.2 Croatia 17.6

Slovakia 18.0 Solomon Islands 11.5

Burkina Faso 36.3 Suriname 25.8
Albania 18.2 Japan 11.8
Congo 36.4 Peru 29.0
Azerbaijan 18.5 Palau 12.4
Democratic Republic of the Congo 37.4

Gabon 37.8
SEAR Belarus 19.3 Nauru 12.5

Montenegro 19.3 Malaysia 17.3

Senegal 39.7 Maldives 7.7
Israel² 19.4 Singapore 18.3
Rwanda 40.7 Sri Lanka 15.1
Ukraine 19.4
Philippines 18.7
South Sudan 40.9 Indonesia 16.4 Bulgaria 20.8
Republic of Korea 24.7
Eritrea 41.1 Timor-Leste 18.2 Poland 21.5
Cambodia 24.9
Mauritania 41.7 Georgia 24.0
Thailand 26.6 Lao People's Democratic Republic 25.5
Turkmenistan 24.2
Nigeria 46.3 Democratic People's Republic of 30.1
31.0 Viet Nam
Korea Serbia 24.7
Uganda 48.7
49.5
Myanmar 34.6 28.9 Mongolia
Uzbekistan
Equatorial Guinea 49.1 China 51.0
Bhutan 35.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina 29.7
Chad 50.8 Cook Islands
Armenia 32.9
Bangladesh 58.6
Central African Republic 51.2
The The former
former Yugoslav
Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of ..
of Macedonia 33.0 Marshall Islands
Cameroon 65.4 India² 68.0
Turkey 41.2 Niue
Niger 73.0 Nepal 99.5 Tajikistan 42.8 Tuvalu

Public health and environment [online database]. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/phe/en/).
1

Under country consultation as of May 2018.

2

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 53

Indicator 13.1.1 Mortality due to disasters
MORTALITY DUE TO DISASTERS
SDG Target 13.1
Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries
Indicator 13.1.1: Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100 000 population

Average death rate due to natural disasters (per 100 000 population), 2012–20161
Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Cabo Verde 0.0 Antigua and Barbuda 0.0 Albania 0.0 Bahrain 0.0
Central African Republic 0.0 Bahamas 0.0 Armenia 0.0 Djibouti 0.0

Equatorial Guinea 0.0 Barbados 0.0 Azerbaijan 0.0 Egypt 0.0

Belize 0.0 Belarus 0.0 Jordan 0.0
Eritrea 0.0
El Salvador 0.0 Cyprus 0.0 Lebanon 0.0
Ethiopia 0.0
Jamaica 0.0 Iceland 0.0 Oman 0.0
Gabon 0.0
Luxembourg 0.0 Qatar 0.0
Suriname 0.0
Guinea 0.0 Montenegro 0.0
Trinidad and Tobago 0.0 Syrian Arab Republic 0.0
Guinea-Bissau 0.0 Turkmenistan 0.0
Argentina <0.1 Tunisia 0.0
Lesotho 0.0 Belgium <0.1
Brazil <0.1 United Arab Emirates 0.0
Liberia 0.0 Bulgaria <0.1
Canada <0.1 Iraq <0.1
Namibia 0.0 Croatia <0.1
Costa Rica <0.1 Kuwait <0.1
Czechia <0.1
Sao Tome and Principe 0.0 Libya <0.1
Dominican Republic <0.1 Denmark <0.1
Seychelles 0.0 Guyana <0.1 Morocco <0.1
Estonia <0.1
Sierra Leone 0.0 Honduras <0.1 Saudi Arabia <0.1
Finland <0.1
Togo 0.0 Paraguay <0.1 Sudan <0.1
France <0.1
Zambia 0.0 Yemen <0.1
Peru <0.1 Germany <0.1
Hungary <0.1 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.1
Algeria <0.1 United States of America <0.1
Ireland <0.1 Pakistan 0.3
Angola <0.1 Uruguay <0.1
Israel <0.1 Somalia 0.3
Benin <0.1 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) <0.1
Kazakhstan <0.1 Afghanistan 0.7
Burkina Faso <0.1 Chile 0.1
Latvia <0.1
Mexico 0.1
Cameroon <0.1
Malta <0.1 WPR
Nicaragua 0.1
Chad <0.1 Netherlands <0.1 Brunei Darussalam 0.0
Grenada 0.2
Congo <0.1 Norway <0.1 Kiribati 0.0
Guatemala 0.2
Côte d'Ivoire <0.1 Poland <0.1 Mongolia 0.0
Colombia 0.3
Democratic Republic of the Congo <0.1 Portugal <0.1 Singapore 0.0
Cuba 0.3
Gambia <0.1 Republic of Moldova <0.1 Tonga 0.0
Panama 0.3 Russian Federation <0.1
Kenya <0.1 Australia <0.1
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.4 Slovakia <0.1
Mali <0.1 China <0.1
Ecuador 0.6 Slovenia <0.1
Mauritania <0.1 Japan <0.1
Saint Lucia 0.7 Spain <0.1
Nigeria <0.1 Lao People's Democratic Republic <0.1
Haiti 1.3 Sweden <0.1
Rwanda <0.1 Malaysia <0.1
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2.2 Tajikistan <0.1
The former Yugoslav New Zealand <0.1
Senegal <0.1 Dominica The former Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of .. <0.1
of Macedonia

Turkey <0.1 Republic of Korea <0.1

South Africa <0.1 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Ukraine <0.1 Viet Nam <0.1
Uganda <0.1
United Republic of Tanzania <0.1
SEAR United Kingdom <0.1 Papua New Guinea 0.2
Uzbekistan <0.1 Cambodia 0.3
Botswana 0.1 Bhutan 0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.1 Fiji 0.4
Comoros 0.1 Maldives 0.0
Georgia 0.1 Vanuatu 0.9
Burundi 0.2 Timor-Leste 0.0 Romania 0.1
Samoa 1.2
Ghana 0.2 Bangladesh <0.1 Serbia 0.1
Micronesia (Federated States of) 1.3
Madagascar 0.2 Austria 0.2
Indonesia <0.1 Solomon Islands 2.0
Malawi 0.2 Greece 0.2
Myanmar <0.1 Philippines 2.1
Italy 0.2
Mauritius 0.2
Thailand <0.1 Cook Islands
Switzerland 0.2
Mozambique 0.2 Marshall Islands
India 0.2 Kyrgyzstan 0.3
Niger 0.2 Nauru
Democratic People's Republic of 0.3 Lithuania 0.4
Swaziland 0.2 Korea Andorra Niue
Zimbabwe 0.2 Sri Lanka 0.3 Monaco Palau
South Sudan 0.3 Nepal 7.0 San Marino Tuvalu

Global Health Estimates 2016: Deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000–2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. WHO Member States with a population of less
1

than 90 000 in 2016 were not included in the analysis. The death rate is an average over the five-year period.

54 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 16.1.1 Homicide
HOMICIDE
SDG Target 16.1
Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere
Indicator 16.1.1: Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100 000 population, by sex and age

Mortality rate due to homicides (per 100 000 population), 20161

Data type: Comparable estimates

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Malawi 1.5 Canada 1.5 Luxembourg 0.2 Bahrain 0.8
Mauritius 1.6 Antigua and Barbuda 1.8 Austria 0.5 Morocco 1.4

Mozambique 2.5 Chile 4.4 Switzerland 0.5 Tunisia 1.7

Cuba 5.5 Norway 0.6 Libya 2.5
Equatorial Guinea 3.4
Argentina 6.2 Germany 0.7 Syrian Arab Republic 2.5
Algeria 4.2
Grenada 6.3 Netherlands 0.7 Kuwait 2.7
South Sudan 5.1
6.5
Slovenia 0.7 Jordan 2.9
United States of America
Kenya 5.3
Spain 0.7
Uruguay 7.4 United Arab Emirates 3.8
Rwanda 5.5 Czechia 0.8
Paraguay 8.6 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 4.5
Benin 6.4 Denmark 0.8
Ecuador 9.3 Lebanon 4.5
Burundi 6.6 Ireland 0.8
Barbados 10.0 Egypt 4.8
Madagascar 6.9 Italy 0.8
Suriname 10.0 Oman 5.2
France 0.9
Sao Tome and Principe 7.0 Somalia 5.6
Costa Rica 10.2
Malta 0.9
United Republic of Tanzania 7.7
Peru 11.6 Yemen 6.1
Poland 0.9
Eritrea 7.8 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13.8 Saudi Arabia 6.2
Belgium 1.0
Ethiopia 7.8 Nicaragua 13.9 Sudan 6.2
Croatia 1.0
Senegal 7.8 Djibouti 6.8
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 14.1 Sweden 1.0
Greece 1.1 Afghanistan 7.4
Comoros 7.9 Saint Lucia 15.6
Iceland 1.2 Qatar 7.4
Cabo Verde 8.2 Dominican Republic 16.8
Portugal 1.2 Pakistan 9.6
Gabon 8.8 Mexico 16.9
Finland 1.3 Iraq 15.5
Guinea 8.9 Guyana 18.8
Hungary 1.3
Panama 20.5
Guinea-Bissau 9.2
Slovakia 1.3 WPR
Guatemala 25.8
Gambia 9.3
Tajikistan 1.3 Singapore 0.2
Haiti 28.0
Togo 9.3 United Kingdom 1.3 Japan 0.3
Belize 29.4
Chad 9.6 Cyprus 1.4 China 0.9
Bahamas 29.7
Ghana 9.7 The former
The former Yugoslav
Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of .. 1.5
of Macedonia Australia 1.1
Brazil 31.3
Angola 9.8 Romania 1.6 New Zealand 1.1
Jamaica 39.1
Serbia 1.6
Burkina Faso 9.8 Republic of Korea 1.3
Trinidad and Tobago 42.2 Bulgaria 1.7
Nigeria 9.8 Brunei Darussalam 2.0
Colombia 43.1 Israel 1.8
Seychelles 9.9 Cambodia 2.2
El Salvador 46.0 Uzbekistan 1.9
Liberia 10.0 Fiji 2.5
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 49.2 Armenia 2.4
Zambia 10.1 Vanuatu 2.5
Honduras 55.5 Azerbaijan 2.4
Montenegro 2.6 Samoa 3.2
Congo 10.2 Dominica
Turkey 2.7 Viet Nam 3.8
Niger 10.4 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.3 Malaysia 4.1
Mauritania 11.0

Mali 11.3
SEAR Estonia 3.7 Solomon Islands 4.3

Albania 4.2 Tonga 4.6

Botswana 11.4 Bhutan 1.7
Turkmenistan 4.2 Micronesia (Federated States of) 4.8
Cameroon 11.6 Bangladesh 2.9
Georgia 4.6
Lao People's Democratic Republic 7.0
Côte d'Ivoire 12.1 Sri Lanka 3.0 Ukraine 4.6
Mongolia 8.9
Uganda 12.6 Nepal 3.3 Belarus 5.2
Kiribati 9.1
Sierra Leone 13.1 Republic of Moldova 5.3
Maldives 3.4 Papua New Guinea 10.2
Kyrgyzstan 5.8
Democratic Republic of the Congo 13.3
14.8
India 4.1 Philippines
Lithuania 5.9
Central African Republic 13.8
Myanmar 4.1 6.0 Cook Islands
Latvia
Zimbabwe 15.1 Marshall Islands
Democratic People's Republic of 4.4 Kazakhstan 8.1
Namibia 18.3 Korea
Russian Federation 11.3 Nauru
Indonesia 4.5
Swaziland 20.0 Andorra Niue
South Africa 33.1 Thailand 5.0
Monaco Palau
Lesotho 35.0 Timor-Leste 5.1 San Marino Tuvalu

Global Health Estimates 2016: Deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000–2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. WHO Member States with a population of less
1

than 90 000 in 2016 were not included in the analysis.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 55

Indicator 16.1.2 Mortality due to conflicts
MORTALITY DUE TO CONFLICTS
SDG Target 16.1
Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere
Indicator 16.1.2: Conflict-related deaths per 100 000 population, by sex, age and cause

Estimated deaths from major conflicts (per 100 000 population), 2002–20161

Data type: Comparable estimates

2012-2016
Syrian Arab Republic 2007-2011
2002-2006

2012-2016
Iraq 2007-2011
2002-2006

2012-2016
Afghanistan 2007-2011
2002-2006

2012-2016
Central African Republic 2007-2011
2002-2006

2012-2016
Libya 2007-2011
2002-2006

2012-2016
Somalia 2007-2011
2002-2006

2012-2016
Yemen 2007-2011
2002-2006

2012-2016
South Sudan 2007-2011
2002-2006

2012-2016
Sudan 2007-2011
2002-2006

2012-2016
Pakistan 2007-2011
2002-2006

2012-2016
Ukraine 2007-2011
2002-2006

2012-2016
Chad 2007-2011
2002-2006

2012-2016
Burundi 2007-2011
2002-2006

2012-2016
Nepal 2007-2011
2002-2006

2012-2016
Sri Lanka 2007-2011
2002-2006

2012-2016
Liberia 2007-2011
2002-2006

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Crude death rate (per 100 000 population)

Global Health Estimates 2016: Deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000–2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Conflict deaths include deaths due to collective
1

violence and exclude deaths due to legal intervention. WHO Member States with estimated conflict deaths exceeding 5 per 100 000 population in 2012–2016 or 10 per 100 000
population in earlier five-year periods. The death rate is an average over each five-year period. Horizontal lines represent 95% confidence intervals.

56 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

Indicator 17.19.2 Death registration
DEATH REGISTRATION
SDG Target 17.19
By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support
statistical capacity-building in developing countries
Indicator 17.19.2: Proportion of countries that (a) have conducted at least one population and housing census in the last 10 years; and (b) have achieved 100 per cent birth
registration and 80 per cent death registration
Completeness1 (%) and quality2 of cause-of-death data, 2007–2016
Data type: Comparable estimates

Quality High Medium Low Very low

AFR AMR EUR EMR

Mauritius 98 Argentina 100 Andorra 100 Bahrain 96

Cabo Verde 92 Canada 100 Armenia 100 Egypt 94

South Africa 92 Cuba 100 Austria 100 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 88

Dominica 100 Belarus 100 Syrian Arab Republic³ 83

Seychelles 91
Grenada 100 Belgium 100 Iraq³ 78
Algeria
Guatemala 100 Bulgaria 100 Oman 73
Angola
Croatia 100 Jordan 59
Mexico 100
Benin Czechia 100
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 100 Kuwait 59
Botswana Denmark 100
United States of America 100 United Arab Emirates³ 59
Burkina Faso Estonia 100
Uruguay 100 Qatar 55
Burundi Finland 100
Brazil 97 Saudi Arabia 42
Cameroon France 100
Chile 97 Morocco 29
Germany 100
Central African Republic Saint Lucia 94 Tunisia 29
Greece 100
Chad El Salvador 92 Afghanistan
Hungary 100
Comoros Panama 92 Djibouti
Iceland 100
Congo Guyana 90 100
Lebanon
Ireland
Côte d'Ivoire Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 89 100 Libya
Israel
Jamaica³ 88 Italy 100 Pakistan
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Saint Kitts and Nevis 88 Latvia 100 Somalia
Equatorial Guinea
Antigua and Barbuda 87 Lithuania 100 Sudan
Eritrea
Costa Rica 87 Luxembourg 100 Yemen
Ethiopia
Malta 100
Bahamas 86
Gabon
Monaco 100 WPR
Belize 86
Gambia Netherlands 100 Australia 100
Trinidad and Tobago³ 84
Ghana Norway 100 Cook Islands 100
Ecuador 81
Guinea Poland 100 Fiji 100
Paraguay 80
Guinea-Bissau Portugal 100 Japan 100
Suriname 80
Romania 100
Kenya New Zealand 100
Colombia 79
Russian Federation 100
100
Lesotho Republic of Korea
Barbados 78
San Marino 100
Liberia Brunei Darussalam 97
Nicaragua 78
Slovakia 100
Madagascar Palau 95
Dominican Republic 59 Slovenia 100
Philippines³ 89
Malawi Peru 57 Spain 100
Mongolia 84
Mali Honduras 14 Sweden 100

Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Switzerland 100 Singapore 68

Mauritania
The former Yugoslav 100 China 62
Mozambique Haiti The former Yugoslav RepublicRepublic of ..
of Macedonia
United Kingdom 100 Kiribati 56
Namibia
SEAR Kyrgyzstan 96 Malaysia 52
Niger
Maldives³ 94 Azerbaijan³ 95 Cambodia
Nigeria
Serbia 95 Lao People's Democratic Republic
Thailand 85
Rwanda Montenegro³ 94
Marshall Islands
Sao Tome and Principe India³ 10
Bosnia and Herzegovina 93
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Senegal Bangladesh Ukraine 93
Nauru
Sierra Leone Uzbekistan 93
Bhutan Niue
Georgia 90
South Sudan Democratic People's Republic of
Korea Papua New Guinea
Turkey 89
Swaziland
Indonesia Samoa
Kazakhstan 87
Togo Solomon Islands
Myanmar Tajikistan 87
Uganda Tonga
Turkmenistan 85
Nepal
United Republic of Tanzania Republic of Moldova 83 Tuvalu
Zambia Sri Lanka Cyprus 74 Vanuatu
Zimbabwe Timor-Leste Albania³ 55 Viet Nam

1
Figures shown for completeness refer to the latest available value for the period 2007–2016. Completeness was assessed relative to the de facto resident populations. Source: Global
Health Estimates 2016: Deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000–2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.
2
Colours represent assessed data quality for the period 2007–2016.
3
Completeness refers to a year prior to 2012.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 57

ANNEX B
Tables of health-related SDG statistics by country, WHO region and globally

Explanatory notes

The statistics shown below represent official WHO statistics for selected health-related SDG indicators based on evidence
available in early 2018. In addition, summary measures of health such as (healthy) life expectancy, and basic demographic
and health-economic statistics, are included to provide a general indication of the situation.

These statistics have been compiled primarily from publications and databases produced and maintained by WHO or
United Nations groups of which WHO is a member. A number of statistics have been derived from data produced and
maintained by other international organizations. For each indicator, the source of the data series is provided. Member
States may have more data than are available for global monitoring.

For the first time in the World Health Statistics series, the type of data used for each data series (comparable estimates,
primary data or other data) is also provided. Please refer to Part 1 of this report for more information on these different
data categories. It is important to note that comparable estimates are subject to considerable uncertainty, especially for
countries where the availability and quality of the underlying primary data is limited. Uncertainty intervals and other details
on the indicators and statistics presented here can be found online at the WHO Global Health Observatory.1

While every effort has been made to maximize the comparability of statistics across countries and over time, users are
advised that data series based on primary data may differ in terms of the definitions, data-collection methods, population
coverage and estimation methods used. For indicators with a reference period expressed as a range, country values refer to
the latest available year in the range unless otherwise noted. Please refer to the accompanying footnotes for more details.
In some cases, as SDG indicator definitions are being refined and baseline data are being collected, proxy indicators have
been presented in this annex and have been clearly indicated as such through the use of accompanying footnotes.

Unless otherwise stated, the WHO regional and global aggregates for rates and ratios are weighted averages when relevant,
while for absolute numbers they are the sums. For indicators with a reference period expressed as a range, aggregates
are for a specific year or period as indicated in the accompanying footnotes. Some WHO regional and global aggregates
may include country estimates that are not individually reported.

Changes in the values shown for indicators reported on in previous editions of the World Health Statistics series should
not be assumed to accurately reflect underlying trends. This applies to all data types (comparable estimates, primary data
and other data) and all reporting levels (country, regional and global). The data presented here may also differ from, and
should not be regarded as, the official national statistics of individual WHO Member States.

Note: – indicates data not available or not applicable.

1
The Global Health Observatory (GHO) is WHO’s portal providing access to data and analyses for monitoring the global health situation. See: http://www.who.int/gho/en/, accessed 29
March 2018.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 59

 3.1 3.2

ANNEX B Current health

expenditure
Part 1 (CHE) as Proportion
percentage Maternal of births
Current health of gross mortality attended by Under-five
Total Life expectancy at birthb,c (years) Healthy life expenditure domestic ratioe (per skilled health mortality rateg
populationa expectancy at (CHE) per product 100 000 live personnelf (per 1000 live
(000s) Male Female Both sexes birthb,c (years) capitad (US$) (GDP)d (%) births) (%) births)
Data type Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates Comparable estimates estimates estimates estimates estimates Primary data estimates
Member State 2016 2016 2016 2015 2015 2015 2007–2017 2016
Afghanistan 34 656 61.0 64.5 62.7 53.0 60 10.3 396 50 af 70.4
Albania 2 926 74.3 78.6 76.4 68.1 266 6.8 29 99 13.5
Algeria 40 606 75.4 77.4 76.4 65.5 292 7.1 140 97 25.2
Andorra 77 – – – – 4 316 12.0 – – 2.7
Angola 28 813 60.3 64.9 62.6 55.8 109 2.9 477 47 82.5
Antigua and Barbuda 101 72.5 77.5 75.0 67.0 657 4.8 – 100 af 8.5
Argentina 43 847 73.5 80.3 76.9 68.4 998 6.8 52 100 11.1
Armenia 2 925 71.2 78.1 74.8 66.3 366 10.1 25 100 af 13.4
Australia 24 126 81.0 84.8 82.9 73.0 4 934 9.4 6 100 ag 3.7
Austria 8 712 79.4 84.2 81.9 72.4 4 536 10.3 4 98 ag 3.5
Azerbaijan 9 725 70.3 75.7 73.1 64.9 368 6.7 25 100 af 30.9
Bahamas 391 72.6 78.6 75.7 66.8 1 685 7.4 80 100 ag 10.6
Bahrain 1 425 78.6 79.6 79.1 68.1 1 190 5.2 15 100 ag 7.6
Bangladesh 162 952 71.1 74.4 72.7 63.3 32 2.6 176 50 af 34.2
Barbados 285 73.1 78.0 75.6 67.0 1 160 7.5 27 99 ag 12.3
Belarus 9 480 68.8 79.2 74.2 65.5 352 6.1 4 100 af 3.9
Belgium 11 358 78.8 83.5 81.2 71.6 4 228 10.5 7 – 3.9
Belize 367 67.9 73.4 70.5 62.5 301 6.2 28 97 14.9
Benin 10 872 59.7 62.4 61.1 53.5 31 4.0 405 77 97.6
Bhutan 798 70.4 70.8 70.6 60.7 91 3.5 148 89 af 32.4
Bolivia (Plurinational 10 888 69.1 74.0 71.5 63.0 197 6.4 206 90 af 36.9
State of)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 517 74.8 79.8 77.3 67.2 431 9.4 11 100 6.0
Botswana 2 250 63.6 68.4 66.1 57.5 389 6.0 129 100 ag 40.6
Brazil 207 653 71.4 78.9 75.1 66.0 780 8.9 44 99 ag 15.1
Brunei Darussalam 423 75.3 77.6 76.4 67.9 812 2.6 23 100 af 9.9
Bulgaria 7 131 71.4 78.4 74.8 66.4 572 8.2 11 100 7.6
Burkina Faso 18 646 59.6 60.9 60.3 52.9 33 5.4 371 80 84.6
Burundi 10 524 58.5 61.8 60.1 52.6 24 8.2 712 85 71.7
Cabo Verde 540 71.1 75.0 73.2 64.5 146 4.8 42 91 21.4
Cambodia 15 762 67.3 71.2 69.4 60.8 70 6.0 161 89 af 30.6
Cameroon 23 439 56.7 59.4 58.1 51.1 64 5.1 596 65 79.7
Canada 36 290 80.9 84.7 82.8 73.2 4 508 10.4 7 98 ag 4.9
Central African Republic 4 595 51.7 54.4 53.0 44.9 17 4.8 882 40 123.6
Chad 14 453 53.1 55.4 54.3 47.2 36 4.6 856 20 127.3
Chile 17 910 76.5 82.4 79.5 69.7 1 102 8.1 22 100 8.3
China 1 411 415 75.0 77.9 76.4 68.7 426 5.3 27 100 af 9.9
Colombia 48 653 71.5 78.8 75.1 67.1 374 6.2 64 96 15.3
Comoros 796 62.3 65.5 63.9 56.6 59 8.0 335 82 73.3
Congo 5 126 63.0 65.6 64.3 56.7 59 3.4 442 91 54.1
Cook Islands 17 – – – – 461 2.7 – 100 af 7.8
Costa Rica 4 857 77.0 82.2 79.6 70.9 929 8.1 25 90 8.8
Côte d'Ivoire 23 696 53.6 55.7 54.6 48.3 75 5.4 645 74 91.8
Croatia 4 213 75.0 81.5 78.3 69.0 852 7.4 8 100 4.7
Cuba 11 476 76.8 81.3 79.0 69.9 826 10.9 39 100 ag 5.5
Cyprus 1 170 78.4 83.1 80.7 73.3 1 563 6.8 7 97 ag 2.6
Czechia 10 611 76.2 82.1 79.2 69.3 1 284 7.3 4 100 ag 3.2
Democratic People's 25 369 68.2 75.5 71.9 64.6 – – 82 100 20.0
Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic of 78 736 58.9 62.0 60.5 52.5 20 4.3 693 80 94.3
the Congo
Denmark 5 712 79.3 83.2 81.2 71.8 5 497 10.3 6 94 ag
4.4
Djibouti 942 62.2 65.5 63.8 56.6 82 4.4 229 87 af 64.2
Dominica 74 – – – – 384 5.4 – 96 ag 34.0
Dominican Republic 10 649 70.6 76.7 73.5 65.2 397 6.2 92 100 ag 30.7

60 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

Probability
Hepatitis B of dying Total alcohol
surface antigen Reported from any of per capita
New HIV Malaria (HBsAg) number CVD, cancer, Suicide (>= 15
Neonatal infectionsh Tuberculosis incidencej prevalence of people diabetes, CRD mortality years of age)
mortality rateg (per 1000 incidencei (per 1000 among children requiring between age ratec,m (per consumptionn
(per 1000 live uninfected (per 100 000 population at under 5 years interventions 30 and exact
k
100 000 (litres of pure
births) population) population) risk) (%) against NTDsl age 70c,m (%) population) alcohol)
Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates estimates estimates estimates estimates Other data estimates estimates estimates
2016 2016 2016 2016 2015 2016 2016 2016 2016 Member State
40.0 0.03 189 30.8 0.50 13 275 429 29.8 4.7 0.2 Afghanistan
6.2 0.08 16 – 1.29 21 17.0 6.3 7.5 Albania
15.6 0.02 70 0.0 0.22 0 14.2 3.2 0.9 Algeria
1.1 – 6 – 0.08 0 – – 11.3 Andorra
29.3 0.94 370 120.3 4.85 14 419 092 16.5 4.7 6.4 Angola
3.8 – 3.4 – 0.38 176 22.6 0.5 7.0 Antigua and Barbuda
6.2 0.13 24 0.0 0.01 80 002 15.8 9.2 9.8 Argentina
7.4 0.09 44 – 0.25 39 149 22.3 6.6 5.5 Armenia
2.2 0.05 6.1 – 0.15 20 994 9.1 13.2 10.6 Australia
2.2 – 8.2 – 0.32 26 11.4 15.6 11.6 Austria
18.1 0.10 66 0.0 0.27 1 719 031 22.2 2.6 0.8 Azerbaijan
5.8 – 26 – 0.31 4 077 15.5 1.7 4.4 Bahamas
3.1 0.04 12 – 0.18 3 11.3 5.9 1.9 Bahrain
20.1 <0.01 221 0.6 1.38 47 484 224 21.6 5.9 0.0 Bangladesh
7.9 0.58 1.2 – 0.34 1 433 16.2 0.8 9.6 Barbados
1.5 – 52 – 0.20 0 23.7 26.2 11.2 Belarus
2.2 – 10 – 0.18 20 11.4 20.7 12.1 Belgium
10.3 0.75 38 <0.1 1.49 7 312 22.1 4.7 6.7 Belize
31.4 0.34 59 297.3 5.55 6 938 376 19.6 9.9 3.0 Benin
18.1 – 178 <0.1 0.81 241 761 23.3 11.4 0.6 Bhutan

4.8 Bolivia (Plurinational

19.0 0.10 114 2.7 0.20 1 879 813 17.2 12.2 State of)
4.7 – 32 – 0.30 0 17.8 8.8 6.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina
25.5 5.52 326 2.4 0.19 261 950 20.3 9.3 8.4 Botswana
7.8 0.24 42 6.7 0.07 10 461 013 16.6 6.5 7.8 Brazil
4.4 – 66 – 0.34 9 240 16.6 4.6 0.4 Brunei Darussalam
3.8 0.03 27 – 0.31 272 23.6 11.5 12.7 Bulgaria
25.6 0.19 51 423.3 4.29 12 492 287 21.7 7.7 8.2 Burkina Faso
24.2 0.20 118 156.2 2.59 5 898 120 22.9 9.1 7.5 Burundi
10.2 0.31 137 0.7 0.71 145 562 17.2 11.3 5.7 Cabo Verde
16.2 0.04 345 8.9 0.56 4 771 389 21.1 5.3 6.7 Cambodia
23.9 1.39 203 271.3 1.90 19 389 766 21.6 12.2 8.9 Cameroon
3.2 – 5.2 – 1.03 0 9.8 12.5 8.9 Canada
42.3 1.80 407 311.6 6.62 3 756 993 23.1 7.7 3.3 Central African Republic
35.1 0.34 153 167.6 3.08 6 138 675 23.9 8.8 1.5 Chad
5.4 0.28 16 – 0.28 44 12.4 10.6 9.3 Chile
5.1 – 64 <0.1 0.83 26 375 574 17.0 9.7 7.2 China
8.5 0.12 32 17.2 0.21 3 761 361 15.8 7.2 5.8 Colombia
32.8 <0.01 35 1.8 1.96 527 919 22.9 6.8 0.9 Comoros
20.5 1.65 378 204.7 4.11 2 278 289 16.7 5.9 7.8 Congo
4.1 – 13 – 0.22 0 – – 10.6 Cook Islands
5.7 0.19 9.5 <0.1 0.17 23 769 11.5 7.9 4.8 Costa Rica
36.6 0.86 153 223.2 3.04 16 756 532 29.1 14.5 8.4 Côte d'Ivoire
2.9 0.02 12 – 0.11 9 16.7 16.5 8.9 Croatia
2.4 0.29 6.9 – 0.12 43 687 16.4 13.9 6.1 Cuba
1.4 – 5.6 – 0.60 0 11.3 5.3 10.8 Cyprus
1.6 0.04 5 – 0.39 4 15.0 13.1 14.4 Czechia

3.9 Democratic People's

10.7 – 513 0.5 0.53 5 214 937 25.6 11.2 Republic of Korea

2.6 Democratic Republic of

28.8 0.17 323 291.9 1.43 49 900 757 19.4 5.7 the Congo
3.2 – 6.1 – 0.79 0 11.3 12.8 10.4 Denmark
32.8 0.58 335 9.6 0.64 110 561 19.6 6.7 0.5 Djibouti
24.0 – 7.8 – 0.39 7 473 – – 8.2 Dominica
20.8 0.24 60 0.3 0.34 970 832 19.0 9.9 6.9 Dominican Republic

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 61

 3.1 3.2

ANNEX B Current health

expenditure
Part 1 (CHE) as Proportion
percentage Maternal of births
Current health of gross mortality attended by Under-five
Total Life expectancy at birthb,c (years) Healthy life expenditure domestic ratioe (per skilled health mortality rateg
populationa expectancy at (CHE) per product 100 000 live personnelf (per 1000 live
(000s) Male Female Both sexes birthb,c (years) capitad (US$) (GDP)d (%) births) (%) births)
Data type Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates Comparable estimates estimates estimates estimates estimates Primary data estimates
Member State 2016 2016 2016 2015 2015 2015 2007–2017 2016
Ecuador 16 385 74.1 78.9 76.5 67.9 530 8.5 64 97 20.9
Egypt 95 689 68.2 73.0 70.5 61.1 157 4.2 33 92 22.8
El Salvador 6 345 69.0 78.1 73.7 65.5 283 6.9 54 100 15.0
Equatorial Guinea 1 221 57.9 61.7 59.5 53.8 280 2.7 342 68 af 90.9
Eritrea 4 955 62.9 67.1 65.0 57.4 31 3.3 501 34 44.5
Estonia 1 312 73.0 82.1 77.8 68.2 1 112 6.5 9 99 ag 2.9
Ethiopia 102 403 63.7 67.3 65.5 57.5 24 4.0 353 28 af 58.4
Fiji 899 67.1 73.1 69.9 61.3 175 3.6 30 100 af 22.0
Finland 5 503 78.7 84.2 81.4 71.7 4 005 9.4 3 100 ag 2.3
France 64 721 80.1 85.7 82.9 73.4 4 026 11.1 8 97 ag 3.9
Gabon 1 980 64.8 68.2 66.4 58.7 198 2.7 291 89 af 47.4
Gambia 2 039 60.6 63.3 61.9 54.4 32 6.7 706 57 65.3
Georgia 3 925 68.3 76.8 72.6 64.9 281 7.9 36 100 10.7
Germany 81 915 78.7 83.3 81.0 71.6 4 592 11.2 6 99 ag 3.8
Ghana 28 207 62.5 64.4 63.4 56.4 80 5.9 319 71 58.8
Greece 11 184 78.7 83.7 81.2 72.0 1 505 8.4 3 – 3.8
Grenada 107 71.0 75.9 73.4 64.7 460 5.0 27 99 ag 16.0
Guatemala 16 582 70.4 76.0 73.2 64.2 224 5.7 88 66 28.5
Guinea 12 396 59.4 60.2 59.8 52.2 25 4.5 679 72 af 89.0
Guinea–Bissau 1 816 58.4 61.2 59.8 51.7 39 6.9 549 45 af 88.1
Guyana 773 63.6 69.0 66.2 58.3 184 4.5 229 86 32.4
Haiti 10 847 61.3 65.7 63.5 55.3 54 6.9 359 42 af 67.0
Honduras 9 113 72.9 77.5 75.2 66.8 177 7.6 129 83 18.7
Hungary 9 753 72.3 79.4 76.0 66.8 894 7.2 17 99 af 5.2
Iceland 332 80.9 83.9 82.4 73.0 4 375 8.6 3 98 ag 2.1
India 1 324 171 67.4 70.3 68.8 59.3 63 3.9 174 86 af 43.0
Indonesia 261 115 67.3 71.4 69.3 61.7 112 3.3 126 93 26.4
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 80 277 74.6 76.9 75.7 65.4 366 7.6 25 99 af 15.1
Iraq 37 203 67.5 72.2 69.8 59.0 154 3.4 50 70 ag 31.2
Ireland 4 726 79.7 83.4 81.5 72.1 4 757 7.8 8 100 ag 3.6
Israel 8 192 80.3 84.2 82.3 72.9 2 756 7.4 5 – 3.6
Italy 59 430 80.5 84.9 82.8 73.2 2 700 9.0 4 100 ag 3.3
Jamaica 2 881 73.6 78.5 76.0 66.9 294 5.9 89 99 af 15.3
Japan 127 749 81.1 87.1 84.2 74.8 3 733 10.9 5 100 ag 2.7
Jordan 9 456 72.7 76.0 74.3 66.4 257 6.3 58 100 17.6
Kazakhstan 17 988 66.8 75.3 71.1 63.4 379 3.9 12 99 11.4
Kenya 48 462 64.4 68.9 66.7 58.9 70 5.2 510 62 49.2
Kiribati 114 63.6 68.6 66.1 57.8 108 7.6 90 98 af 54.3
Kuwait 4 053 73.9 76.0 74.8 66.3 1 169 4.0 4 100 ag 8.4
Kyrgyzstan 5 956 67.7 75.2 71.4 63.5 92 8.2 76 98 21.1
Lao People's Democratic 6 758 64.2 67.4 65.8 57.9 53 2.8 197 40 63.9
Republic
Latvia 1 971 70.0 79.6 75.0 66.2 784 5.8 18 100 ag
4.6
Lebanon 6 007 75.1 77.7 76.3 66.1 645 7.4 15 – 8.1
Lesotho 2 204 51.0 54.6 52.9 46.6 91 8.4 487 78 93.5
Liberia 4 614 62.0 63.9 62.9 54.5 69 15.2 725 61 67.4
Libya 6 293 69.0 75.0 71.9 62.3 – – 9 100 af 12.9
Lithuania 2 908 69.7 80.2 75.0 66.1 923 6.5 10 100 af 5.3
Luxembourg 576 80.1 84.6 82.4 72.6 6 236 6.0 10 100 ag 2.4
Madagascar 24 895 64.6 67.6 66.1 58.3 21 5.2 353 44 46.4
Malawi 18 092 61.4 66.8 64.2 56.2 34 9.3 634 90 af 55.1
Malaysia 31 187 73.2 77.6 75.3 66.6 386 4.0 40 99 af 8.3
Maldives 428 77.2 79.9 78.4 69.8 944 11.5 68 96 8.5
Mali 17 995 57.5 58.4 58.0 50.7 42 5.8 587 44 110.6
Malta 429 79.6 83.3 81.5 72.2 2 304 9.6 9 100 ag 6.8

62 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

Probability
Hepatitis B of dying Total alcohol
surface antigen Reported from any of per capita
New HIV Malaria (HBsAg) number CVD, cancer, Suicide (>= 15
Neonatal infectionsh Tuberculosis incidencej prevalence of people diabetes, CRD mortality years of age)
mortality rateg (per 1000 incidencei (per 1000 among children requiring between age ratec,m (per consumptionn
(per 1000 live uninfected (per 100 000 population at under 5 years interventions 30 and exact
k
100 000 (litres of pure
births) population) population) risk) (%) against NTDsl age 70c,m (%) population) alcohol)
Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates estimates estimates estimates estimates Other data estimates estimates estimates
2016 2016 2016 2016 2015 2016 2016 2016 2016 Member State
11.2 0.12 50 3.8 0.32 1 942 753 13.0 7.1 4.4 Ecuador
12.8 0.02 14 – 0.80 1 673 826 27.7 4.0 0.4 Egypt
7.5 0.16 60 <0.1 0.57 742 568 14.0 13.7 3.7 El Salvador
32.0 2.71 181 238.8 8.66 428 948 22.0 16.4 11.3 Equatorial Guinea
17.7 0.15 74 17.2 0.74 1 497 725 23.9 7.9 1.3 Eritrea
1.3 – 16 – 0.36 0 17.0 17.8 11.6 Estonia
27.6 0.33 177 53.1 2.61 74 204 513 18.3 7.2 2.8 Ethiopia
8.8 0.12 59 – 0.34 905 113 30.6 5.0 3.0 Fiji
1.2 – 4.7 – 1.05 4 10.2 15.9 10.7 Finland
2.4 0.09 7.7 – 0.01 49 10.6 17.7 12.6 France
21.8 0.92 485 206.2 4.16 694 499 14.4 7.1 11.5 Gabon
27.5 0.65 174 129.6 1.17 177 144 20.4 5.1 3.8 Gambia
7.1 0.28 92 0.0 0.26 412 310 24.9 8.2 9.8 Georgia
2.3 – 8.1 – 0.24 111 12.1 13.6 13.4 Germany
26.9 0.78 156 285.6 3.61 15 536 910 20.8 5.4 2.7 Ghana
2.3 – 4.4 – 0.37 77 12.4 5.0 10.4 Greece
8.3 – 6.4 – 0.47 151 21.4 1.7 9.3 Grenada
14.0 0.18 24 0.8 0.05 3 265 661 14.9 2.7 2.4 Guatemala
25.1 0.67 176 386.5 7.47 7 246 135 22.4 6.3 1.3 Guinea
38.2 0.72 374 73.0 2.12 1 576 882 20.0 4.0 4.8 Guinea–Bissau
20.0 0.77 93 77.7 0.95 720 459 30.5 29.2 6.3 Guyana
24.6 0.77 188 13.9 2.04 7 581 135 26.5 11.7 5.8 Haiti
10.4 0.11 40 1.7 0.25 2 752 416 14.0 2.9 4.0 Honduras
2.8 – 8.8 – 0.44 5 23.0 19.1 11.4 Hungary
1.0 – 2.1 – 0.88 0 9.1 14.0 9.1 Iceland
25.4 0.06 211 18.8 0.51 458 855 231 23.3 16.3 5.7 India
13.7 0.19 391 9.2 1.07 101 813 236 26.4 3.4 0.8 Indonesia
9.6 0.06 14 0.2 0.02 0 14.8 4.1 1.0 Iran (Islamic Republic of)
18.2 – 43 0.0 0.06 2 170 486 21.3 3.0 0.4 Iraq
2.2 0.06 7.1 – 0.01 2 10.3 11.5 13.0 Ireland
2.0 – 3.5 – 0.48 233 9.6 5.4 3.8 Israel
2.0 0.06 6.1 – 0.61 12 9.5 8.2 7.5 Italy
10.9 0.63 4.5 – 0.16 347 536 14.7 2.2 4.2 Jamaica
0.9 – 16 – 1.95 5 8.4 18.5 8.0 Japan
10.6 <0.01 5.6 – 1.01 126 19.2 2.9 0.7 Jordan
5.9 0.16 67 – 0.21 185 26.8 22.5 7.7 Kazakhstan
22.6 1.46 348 85.3 0.86 11 770 703 13.4 3.2 3.4 Kenya
22.6 – 566 – 3.65 117 424 28.4 14.4 0.4 Kiribati
4.4 0.02 24 – 0.11 6 17.4 2.3 0.0 Kuwait
11.6 0.13 145 0.0 0.50 113 625 24.9 8.3 6.2 Kyrgyzstan

10.4 Lao People's Democratic

28.7 0.10 175 7.8 1.94 2 206 011 27.0 8.6 Republic
2.4 0.23 37 – 0.51 11 21.9 21.2 12.9 Latvia
4.7 0.02 12 – 0.21 1 17.9 3.3 1.5 Lebanon
38.5 12.68 724 – 1.64 530 557 26.6 21.2 5.0 Lesotho
22.8 0.66 308 237.0 7.75 2 919 973 17.6 6.8 5.8 Liberia
7.1 – 40 – 0.27 1 20.1 5.2 0.0 Libya
2.5 0.09 53 – 0.19 26 20.7 31.9 15.0 Lithuania
1.5 0.18 5.8 – 0.24 0 10.0 13.5 13.0 Luxembourg
18.6 0.18 237 64.4 4.36 18 863 123 22.9 3.9 1.9 Madagascar
23.1 2.29 159 249.1 3.03 11 435 030 16.4 3.7 3.7 Malawi
4.4 0.19 92 0.2 0.17 120 318 17.2 5.5 0.9 Malaysia
4.8 – 49 – 0.19 1 937 13.4 2.3 2.7 Maldives
35.7 0.33 56 459.7 4.88 18 605 778 24.6 4.8 1.3 Mali
4.6 0.06 13 – 0.39 1 10.8 7.5 8.1 Malta

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 63

 3.1 3.2

ANNEX B Current health

expenditure
Part 1 (CHE) as Proportion
percentage Maternal of births
Current health of gross mortality attended by Under-five
Total Life expectancy at birthb,c (years) Healthy life expenditure domestic ratioe (per skilled health mortality rateg
populationa expectancy at (CHE) per product 100 000 live personnelf (per 1000 live
(000s) Male Female Both sexes birthb,c (years) capitad (US$) (GDP)d (%) births) (%) births)
Data type Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates Comparable estimates estimates estimates estimates estimates Primary data estimates
Member State 2016 2016 2016 2015 2015 2015 2007–2017 2016
Marshall Islands 53 – – – – 747 22.1 – 90 35.4
Mauritania 4 301 62.6 65.2 63.9 56.4 54 4.6 602 69 81.4
Mauritius 1 262 71.6 78.1 74.8 65.8 506 5.5 53 100 af 13.7
Mexico 127 540 74.0 79.2 76.6 67.7 535 5.9 38 98 14.6
Micronesia (Federated 105 68.4 70.8 69.6 61.1 395 13.1 100 100 af 33.3
States of)
Monaco 38 – – – – 3 316 2.0 – – 3.4
Mongolia 3 027 65.7 74.2 69.8 61.9 152 3.9 44 99 17.9
Montenegro 629 74.4 79.2 76.8 68.1 382 6.0 7 99 3.8
Morocco 35 277 74.8 77.0 76.0 65.3 160 5.5 121 74 27.1
Mozambique 28 829 57.7 62.3 60.1 52.2 28 5.4 489 54 af 71.3
Myanmar 52 885 64.6 68.9 66.8 58.4 59 4.9 178 60 af 50.8
Namibia 2 480 61.1 66.1 63.7 55.9 423 8.9 265 88 45.2
Nauru 11 – – – – 812 4.8 – 97 af 34.6
Nepal 28 983 68.8 71.6 70.2 61.3 44 6.1 258 58 af 34.5
Netherlands 16 987 80.0 83.2 81.6 72.1 4 746 10.7 7 – 3.8
New Zealand 4 661 80.5 84.0 82.2 72.8 3 554 9.3 11 96 ag 5.4
Nicaragua 6 150 72.5 78.4 75.5 66.9 163 7.8 150 88 af 19.7
Niger 20 673 59.0 60.8 59.8 52.5 26 7.2 553 40 91.3
Nigeria 185 990 54.7 55.7 55.2 48.9 97 3.6 814 43 104.3
Niue 2 – – – – 867 6.3 – 100 af 22.2
Norway 5 255 80.6 84.3 82.5 73.0 7 464 10.0 5 99 ag 2.6
Oman 4 425 75.3 79.5 77.0 65.6 636 3.8 17 100 af 10.7
Pakistan 193 203 65.7 67.4 66.5 57.7 38 2.7 178 55 af 78.8
Palau 22 – – – – 1 420 10.6 – 100 15.9
Panama 4 034 75.0 81.2 78.0 69.4 921 7.0 94 95 16.4
Papua New Guinea 8 085 63.6 68.3 65.9 58.0 77 3.8 215 40 ag 54.3
Paraguay 6 725 72.4 76.1 74.2 65.3 321 7.8 132 96 19.9
Peru 31 774 73.4 78.3 75.9 67.5 323 5.3 68 92 15.3
Philippines 103 320 66.2 72.6 69.3 61.7 127 4.4 114 73 27.1
Poland 38 224 73.8 81.6 77.8 68.5 797 6.3 3 100 ag 4.7
Portugal 10 372 78.3 84.5 81.5 72.0 1 722 9.0 10 99 ag 3.5
Qatar 2 570 77.3 79.9 78.1 68.6 2 030 3.1 13 100 8.5
Republic of Korea 50 792 79.5 85.6 82.7 73.0 2 013 7.4 11 100 ag 3.4
Republic of Moldova 4 060 67.6 75.3 71.5 63.6 186 10.2 23 100 af 15.9
Romania 19 778 71.6 79.0 75.2 66.6 442 5.0 31 95 af 9.0
Russian Federation 143 965 66.4 77.2 71.9 63.5 524 5.6 25 100 af 7.7
Rwanda 11 918 66.1 69.9 68.0 59.9 57 7.9 290 91 af 38.5
Saint Kitts and Nevis 55 – – – – 907 5.6 – 100 af 9.3
Saint Lucia 178 73.0 78.3 75.6 66.4 482 6.0 48 99 13.3
Saint Vincent and the 110 69.4 74.9 72.0 63.4 284 4.2 45 99 af 16.6
Grenadines
Samoa 195 72.0 78.4 75.1 66.0 223 5.6 51 82 af
17.3
San Marino 33 – – – – 3 243 6.8 – – 2.8
Sao Tome and Principe 200 66.7 70.7 68.7 60.7 160 9.8 156 92 af 33.8
Saudi Arabia 32 276 73.5 76.5 74.8 65.7 1 194 5.8 12 98 af 12.9
Senegal 15 412 64.7 68.7 66.8 58.8 36 4.0 315 59 47.1
Serbia 8 820 73.8 78.9 76.3 67.4 491 9.4 17 100 af 5.8
Seychelles 94 69.0 78.0 73.3 65.7 492 3.4 – 99 af 14.3
Sierra Leone 7 396 52.5 53.8 53.1 47.6 107 18.3 1 360 60 113.5
Singapore 5 622 80.8 85.0 82.9 76.2 2 280 4.3 10 100 ag 2.8
Slovakia 5 444 73.8 80.9 77.4 68.3 1 108 6.9 6 98 af 5.9
Slovenia 2 078 78.0 83.7 80.9 70.5 1 772 8.5 9 100 ag 2.3
Solomon Islands 599 69.7 72.7 71.1 61.9 152 8.0 114 86 af 25.8
Somalia 14 318 53.7 57.3 55.4 50.0 – – 732 – 132.5
South Africa 56 015 60.2 67.0 63.6 55.7 471 8.2 138 97 43.3

64 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

Probability
Hepatitis B of dying Total alcohol
surface antigen Reported from any of per capita
New HIV Malaria (HBsAg) number CVD, cancer, Suicide (>= 15
Neonatal infectionsh Tuberculosis incidencej prevalence of people diabetes, CRD mortality years of age)
mortality rateg (per 1000 incidencei (per 1000 among children requiring between age ratec,m (per consumptionn
(per 1000 live uninfected (per 100 000 population at under 5 years interventions 30 and exact
k
100 000 (litres of pure
births) population) population) risk) (%) against NTDsl age 70c,m (%) population) alcohol)
Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates estimates estimates estimates estimates Other data estimates estimates estimates
2016 2016 2016 2016 2015 2016 2016 2016 2016 Member State
16.4 – 422 – 1.56 19 594 – – – Marshall Islands
33.7 0.12 102 88.5 4.29 589 697 18.1 4.4 0.0 Mauritania
8.4 – 22 – 0.61 0 22.6 7.8 3.6 Mauritius
7.8 0.10 22 0.4 0.04 9 532 039 15.7 5.1 6.5 Mexico

2.5 Micronesia (Federated

17.2 – 177 – 0.89 70 736 26.1 11.1 States of)
1.8 – 0 – 0.20 0 – – – Monaco
9.7 0.01 183 – 1.72 0 30.2 13.0 7.4 Mongolia
2.4 0.11 16 – 0.65 6 20.6 10.3 8.0 Montenegro
17.8 0.03 103 – 0.45 25 12.4 2.9 0.6 Morocco
27.1 3.63 551 307.8 3.67 23 920 538 18.4 4.9 2.4 Mozambique
24.5 0.22 361 7.2 2.03 39 343 021 24.2 7.8 4.8 Myanmar
17.8 4.37 446 29.3 0.66 1 097 233 21.3 8.7 9.8 Namibia
22.2 – 112 – 2.11 2 844 – – 6.0 Nauru
21.1 0.03 154 0.9 0.31 17 552 881 21.8 8.8 2.0 Nepal
2.5 0.03 5.9 – 0.04 38 11.2 12.6 8.7 Netherlands
3.0 – 7.3 – 1.20 0 10.1 12.1 10.7 New Zealand
8.8 0.06 48 7.8 0.14 926 646 14.2 12.2 5.2 Nicaragua
25.7 0.09 93 378.9 6.01 15 233 885 20.0 4.6 0.5 Niger
34.1 1.23 219 349.6 2.61 128 936 746 22.5 9.5 13.4 Nigeria
11.6 – 20 – 0.24 1 – – 7.0 Niue
1.5 – 6.1 – 0.01 3 9.2 12.2 7.5 Norway
5.2 – 9 – 0.44 0 17.8 3.9 0.8 Oman
45.6 0.10 268 10.6 2.75 31 683 212 24.7 2.9 0.3 Pakistan
8.4 – 123 – 0.21 41 – – – Palau
9.6 0.34 55 0.4 0.22 453 129 13.0 4.3 7.9 Panama
23.5 0.37 432 179.4 2.24 6 528 722 30.0 6.0 1.2 Papua New Guinea
11.1 0.20 42 0.0 0.65 790 833 17.5 9.5 7.2 Paraguay
7.5 0.09 117 17.8 0.24 2 814 779 12.6 4.9 6.3 Peru
12.6 0.11 554 0.5 1.07 49 110 117 26.8 3.2 6.6 Philippines
2.8 – 18 – 0.04 64 18.7 16.2 11.6 Poland
2.1 – 20 – 0.10 6 11.1 14.0 12.3 Portugal
4.1 0.02 23 – 0.20 36 15.3 6.6 2.0 Qatar
1.5 – 77 0.3 0.69 323 7.8 26.9 10.2 Republic of Korea
11.9 0.38 101 – 0.65 0 24.9 15.9 15.2 Republic of Moldova
4.3 0.04 74 – 0.65 13 21.4 10.4 12.6 Romania
3.4 – 66 – 0.88 0 25.4 31.0 11.7 Russian Federation
16.5 0.70 50 392.7 1.74 5 190 529 18.2 6.7 9.0 Rwanda
5.9 – 0 – 0.38 136 – – 9.4 Saint Kitts and Nevis
9.2 – 1.9 – 0.39 26 921 18.8 7.8 9.9 Saint Lucia

8.2 Saint Vincent and the

10.3 – 6.3 – 0.42 89 23.2 2.4 Grenadines
9.2 – 7.7 – 1.05 61 325 20.6 4.4 2.5 Samoa
0.6 – 0 – 0.32 0 – – – San Marino
15.0 – 99 11.2 1.36 200 169 18.5 2.3 6.8 Sao Tome and Principe
6.9 0.02 10 0.2 0.30 0 16.4 3.2 0.2 Saudi Arabia
20.6 0.08 140 49.0 3.48 11 635 621 18.1 6.0 0.7 Senegal
3.7 0.03 19 – 0.11 0 19.1 15.6 11.1 Serbia
9.0 – 15 – 0.15 0 21.2 9.3 12.0 Seychelles
33.2 0.86 304 303.5 8.18 7 651 657 30.5 9.7 5.7 Sierra Leone
1.1 – 51 – 0.47 13 098 9.3 9.9 2.0 Singapore
3.0 0.02 5.9 – 0.56 4 17.2 12.8 11.5 Slovakia
1.3 0.03 6.5 – 1.04 3 12.7 18.6 12.6 Slovenia
10.4 – 84 144.8 2.93 518 106 23.8 4.7 1.4 Solomon Islands
38.8 0.17 270 60.2 10.54 5 163 752 21.8 4.7 0.0 Somalia
12.4 5.58 781 1.1 1.74 6 784 419 26.2 11.6 9.3 South Africa

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 65

 3.1 3.2

ANNEX B Current health

expenditure
Part 1 (CHE) as Proportion
percentage Maternal of births
Current health of gross mortality attended by Under-five
Total Life expectancy at birthb,c (years) Healthy life expenditure domestic ratioe (per skilled health mortality rateg
populationa expectancy at (CHE) per product 100 000 live personnelf (per 1000 live
(000s) Male Female Both sexes birthb,c (years) capitad (US$) (GDP)d (%) births) (%) births)
Data type Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates Comparable estimates estimates estimates estimates estimates Primary data estimates
Member State 2016 2016 2016 2015 2015 2015 2007–2017 2016
South Sudan 12 231 57.7 59.6 58.6 50.6 28 2.5 789 19 af 90.7
Spain 46 348 80.3 85.7 83.1 73.8 2 354 9.2 5 – 3.3
Sri Lanka 20 798 72.1 78.5 75.3 66.8 118 3.0 30 99 9.4
Sudan 39 579 63.4 66.9 65.1 55.7 152 6.3 311 78 af 65.1
Suriname 558 68.7 75.1 71.8 63.2 577 6.5 155 80 ag 20.0
Swaziland 1 343 55.1 59.9 57.7 50.2 233 7.0 389 88 70.4
Sweden 9 838 80.6 84.1 82.4 72.4 5 600 11.0 4 – 2.9
Switzerland 8 402 81.2 85.2 83.3 73.5 9 818 12.1 5 – 4.1
Syrian Arab Republic 18 430 59.4 68.9 63.8 55.8 – – 68 96 af 17.5
Tajikistan 8 735 68.7 73.0 70.8 63.5 63 6.9 32 90 af 43.1
Thailand 68 864 71.8 79.3 75.5 66.8 217 3.8 20 99 af 12.2
The former Yugoslav 2 081 73.8 78.0 75.9 67.1 295 6.1 8 100 af 12.2
Republic of Macedonia
Timor–Leste 1 269 66.8 70.4 68.6 59.2 72 3.1 215 57 af
49.7
Togo 7 606 59.7 61.5 60.6 53.9 37 6.6 368 45 75.7
Tonga 107 70.5 76.4 73.4 64.3 221 5.9 124 96 16.4
Trinidad and Tobago 1 365 68.2 75.6 71.8 63.3 1 146 6.0 63 100 ag 18.5
Tunisia 11 403 74.1 78.1 76.0 66.3 258 6.7 62 74 13.6
Turkey 79 512 73.3 79.4 76.4 66.0 455 4.1 16 97 af 12.7
Turkmenistan 5 663 64.7 71.7 68.2 61.4 405 6.3 42 100 51.0
Tuvalu 11 – – – – 439 15.0 – 93 25.3
Uganda 41 488 60.2 64.8 62.5 54.9 46 7.3 343 74 53.0
Ukraine 44 439 67.6 77.1 72.5 64.0 125 6.1 24 100 af 9.1
United Arab Emirates 9 270 76.5 78.7 77.2 66.7 1 402 3.5 6 100 af 7.7
United Kingdom 65 789 79.7 83.2 81.4 71.9 4 356 9.9 9 – 4.3
United Republic of 55 572 62.0 65.8 63.9 56.5 32 6.1 398 64 af 56.7
Tanzania
United States of America 322 180 76.0 81.0 78.5 68.5 9 536 16.8 14 99 6.5
Uruguay 3 444 73.2 80.8 77.1 68.8 1 281 9.2 15 100 9.2
Uzbekistan 31 447 69.7 75.0 72.3 64.5 134 6.2 36 100 af 24.1
Vanuatu 270 70.1 74.1 72.0 62.7 99 3.5 78 89 af 27.6
Venezuela (Bolivarian 31 568 69.5 79.0 74.1 66.1 973 3.2 95 96 ag
16.3
Republic of)
Viet Nam 94 569 71.7 80.9 76.3 67.5 117 5.7 54 94 21.6
Yemen 27 584 63.9 66.8 65.3 55.1 72 6.0 385 45 af 55.3
Zambia 16 591 60.2 64.4 62.3 54.3 69 5.4 224 63 63.4
Zimbabwe 16 150 59.6 63.1 61.4 54.4 94 10.3 443 78 56.4

WHO region
African Region 1 019 922 59.6 62.7 61.2 53.8 115 6.2 542 – 76.5
Region of the Americas 992 155 73.8 79.8 76.8 67.5 974 6.9 52 – 14.2
South-East Asia Region 1 947 632 67.9 71.3 69.5 60.4 176 4.6 164 – 38.9
European Region 916 315 74.2 80.8 77.5 68.4 2 192 7.9 16 – 9.6
Eastern Mediterranean 664 336 67.7 70.7 69.1 59.7 557 5.3 166 – 51.7
Region
Western Pacific Region 1 889 901 75.0 78.9 76.9 68.9 920 7.0 41 – 12.9

Global 7 430 261 69.8 74.2 72.0 63.3 822 6.3 216 – 40.8

66 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

Probability
Hepatitis B of dying Total alcohol
surface antigen Reported from any of per capita
New HIV Malaria (HBsAg) number CVD, cancer, Suicide (>= 15
Neonatal infectionsh Tuberculosis incidencej prevalence of people diabetes, CRD mortality years of age)
mortality rateg (per 1000 incidencei (per 1000 among children requiring between age ratec,m (per consumptionn
(per 1000 live uninfected (per 100 000 population at under 5 years interventions 30 and exact
k
100 000 (litres of pure
births) population) population) risk) (%) against NTDsl age 70c,m (%) population) alcohol)
Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates estimates estimates estimates estimates Other data estimates estimates estimates
2016 2016 2016 2016 2015 2016 2016 2016 2016 Member State
37.9 1.35 146 159.0 21.13 9 991 337 19.8 3.7 – South Sudan
2.0 0.09 10 – 0.19 87 9.9 8.7 10.0 Spain
5.3 0.03 65 0.0 0.64 55 720 17.4 14.6 4.3 Sri Lanka
29.4 0.13 82 35.3 2.86 25 572 281 26.0 8.1 0.5 Sudan
10.6 0.62 26 1.4 0.36 58 237 21.7 22.8 5.1 Suriname
21.4 9.37 398 1.9 0.85 198 319 26.7 13.3 9.9 Swaziland
1.6 0.06 8.2 – 0.32 27 9.1 14.8 9.2 Sweden
2.9 – 7.8 – 0.17 0 8.6 17.2 11.5 Switzerland
8.9 – 21 – 0.37 47 402 21.8 1.9 0.3 Syrian Arab Republic
19.9 0.15 85 0.0 0.71 125 863 25.3 2.5 3.3 Tajikistan
7.3 0.10 172 1.6 0.17 64 094 14.5 14.4 8.3 Thailand

8.1 The former Yugoslav

8.3 0.02 16 – 0.20 5 20.3 7.9 Republic of Macedonia
21.6 – 498 0.9 0.87 1 167 125 19.9 4.6 2.1 Timor–Leste
26.0 0.59 46 360.4 3.36 6 328 077 23.6 9.6 3.1 Togo
6.8 – 8.6 – 2.35 37 131 23.3 3.5 1.5 Tonga
12.6 0.29 18 – 0.43 19 498 21.3 13.6 8.4 Trinidad and Tobago
8.1 0.03 38 – 0.76 6 082 16.1 3.4 1.9 Tunisia
6.5 – 18 0.0 0.32 1 497 16.1 7.3 2.0 Turkey
22.3 – 60 – 0.23 52 29.5 6.7 5.4 Turkmenistan
17.2 – 207 – 0.70 10 782 – – 1.7 Tuvalu
21.4 1.50 201 187.2 3.16 23 486 474 21.9 9.9 9.5 Uganda
5.4 0.38 87 – 0.46 0 24.7 22.4 8.6 Ukraine
4.0 – 0.79 – 0.08 40 16.8 2.8 3.8 United Arab Emirates
2.6 – 9.9 – 0.22 5 10.9 8.9 11.4 United Kingdom

9.4 United Republic of

21.7 1.19 287 144.2 1.69 25 008 679 17.9 5.4 Tanzania
3.7 – 3.1 – 0.04 932 14.6 15.3 9.8 United States of America
5.0 0.15 29 – 0.35 1 340 16.7 18.4 10.8 Uruguay
13.8 – 76 0.0 0.60 405 951 24.5 7.4 2.7 Uzbekistan
11.8 – 56 14.7 8.48 271 465 23.3 4.5 1.0 Vanuatu

5.6 Venezuela (Bolivarian

10.3 0.21 32 44.7 0.62 282 294 18.1 3.7
Republic of)
11.5 0.12 133 0.1 1.20 6 953 978 17.1 7.3 8.3 Viet Nam
26.8 0.04 48 30.5 2.54 5 985 649 30.6 8.5 0.1 Yemen
22.9 4.08 376 189.8 1.84 11 573 334 17.9 6.1 4.8 Zambia
22.9 3.03 208 77.9 4.38 9 958 235 19.3 10.7 4.8 Zimbabwe

WHO region
27.2 1.24 254 239.6 3.00 591 698 691 20.6 7.4 6.3 African Region
7.5 0.16 27 11.3 0.20 49 500 544 15.1 9.8 8.0 Region of the Americas
22.6 0.08 240 16.5 0.70 671 797 672 23.1 13.2 4.5 South-East Asia Region
5.1 0.25 32 0.0 0.40 2 821 690 16.7 15.4 9.8 European Region

0.6 Eastern Mediterranean

27.7 0.06 114 20.5 1.60 85 715 716 22.0 3.9 Region
6.5 0.05 95 4.2 0.90 98 201 330 16.2 10.2 7.3 Western Pacific Region

18.6 0.26 140 90.8 1.30 1 499 735 642 18.3 10.6 6.4 Global

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 67

 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

ANNEX B Proportion
of married
Part 2 or in-union
women of Age-
reproductive Population Population standardized
age who have with household with household mortality rate Mortality rate
their need expenditures expenditures attributed to attributed to Mortality
for family Adolescent on health on health household exposure to rate from
Road traffic planning birth rateq > 10% of total > 25% of total and ambient unsafe WASH unintentional
mortality rateo satisfied (per 1000 UHC service household household air pollutionc,t servicesc,t poisoningc,m
(per 100 000 with modern women aged coverage expenditure or expenditure or (per 100 000 (per 100 000 (per 100 000
population) methodsp (%) 15–19 years) indexr incomes (%) incomes (%) population) population) population)
Data type Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates Primary data Primary data estimates Primary data Primary data estimates estimates estimates
Member State 2013 2007–2017 2007–2016 2015 2007–2015 2007–2015 2016 2016 2016
Afghanistan 15.5 42.1 87.0 34 4.8 0.1 211.1 13.9 1.2
Albania 15.1 12.9 18.9 62 16.7 5.0 68.0 0.2 0.4
Algeria 23.8 77.2 aj 9.0 76 – – 49.7 1.9 0.8
Andorra 7.6 – – – – – – – –
Angola 26.9 24.2 163.0 36 12.4 4.5 118.5 48.8 2.7
Antigua and Barbuda 6.7 – – 75 – – 29.9 0.1 0.4
Argentina 13.6 – 65.5 76 – – 26.6 0.4 0.6
Armenia 18.3 40.2 24.3 67 16.1 4.9 54.8 0.2 0.6
Australia 5.4 – 11.9 ≥80 3.7 0.5 8.4 <0.1 0.2
Austria 5.4 – 7.6 ≥80 – – 15.3 0.1 0.2
Azerbaijan 10.0 – 52.8 64 – – 63.9 1.1 0.6
Bahamas 13.8 – 32.0 72 – – 19.9 <0.1 0.1
Bahrain 8.0 – 14.3 72 – – 40.1 <0.1 0.2
Bangladesh 13.6 72.5 78.0 46 13.6 4.8 149.0 11.9 0.3
Barbados 6.7 70.0 aj 49.7 79 – – 31.1 0.2 0.2
Belarus 13.7 74.2 aj 20.4 74 4.4 0.1 60.7 <0.1 2.6
Belgium 6.7 – 6.6 ≥80 11.4 1.4 15.7 0.3 0.2
Belize 24.4 65.9 74.0 61 – – 68.6 1.0 0.5
Benin 27.7 24.5 94.0 41 – – 205.0 59.7 3.5
Bhutan 15.1 84.6 aj 28.4 59 – – 124.5 4.0 0.6
Bolivia (Plurinational 23.2 42.8 71.0 60 – – 63.7 5.6 2.0
State of)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 17.7 21.9 aj 10.7 57 8.6 1.3 79.8 <0.1 0.5
Botswana 23.6 – 37.5 60 – – 101.3 11.8 1.1
Brazil 23.4 89.3 60.8 77 25.6 3.5 29.9 1.0 0.2
Brunei Darussalam 8.0 – 11.4 ≥80 – – 13.3 <0.1 0.3
Bulgaria 8.3 – 39.4 64 12.8 0.8 61.8 0.1 0.6
Burkina Faso 30.0 45.0 122.0 39 3.5 0.6 206.2 49.6 3.0
Burundi 31.3 39.3 ai 58.0 43 – – 179.9 65.4 5.2
Cabo Verde 26.1 – 80.0 62 2.0 0.0 99.5 4.1 0.5
Cambodia 17.4 56.4 57.0 55 – – 149.8 6.5 0.6
Cameroon 27.6 40.1 119.0 44 10.8 3.0 208.1 45.2 3.1
Canada 6.0 – 11.1 ≥80 2.6 0.5 7.0 0.4 0.3
Central African Republic 32.4 28.7 aj 229.0 33 – – 211.9 82.1 3.2
Chad 24.1 17.5 179.0 29 – – 280.1 101.0 3.6
Chile 12.4 – 44.7 70 – – 25.3 0.2 0.2
China 18.8 – 9.2 76 17.7 4.8 112.7 0.6 1.4
Colombia 16.8 86.5 71.6 76 16.9 2.8 37.0 0.8 0.4
Comoros 28.0 27.8 70.0 47 – – 172.4 50.7 2.4
Congo 26.4 38.5 147.0 38 2.0 0.4 130.7 38.7 1.2
Cook Islands 24.2 – – – – – – – –
Costa Rica 13.9 89.1 aj – 75 10.1 1.8 23.3 0.9 0.3
Côte d'Ivoire 24.2 31.1 129.0 44 15.2 3.6 269.1 47.2 3.9
Croatia 9.2 – 9.6 69 2.8 0.3 35.5 0.1 0.2
Cuba 7.5 88.4 50.0 78 – – 49.5 1.0 0.3
Cyprus 5.2 – 4.9 73 16.1 1.5 20.1 0.3 0.1
Czechia 6.1 – 11.6 73 2.2 0.0 29.6 0.2 0.3
Democratic People's 20.8 – 0.7 68 – – 207.2 1.4 1.9
Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic of 33.2 15.6 138.0 40 – – 163.9 59.8 3.2
the Congo
Denmark 3.5 – 3.4 ≥80 2.9 0.5 13.2 0.3 0.1
Djibouti 24.7 – 20.6 47 – – 159.0 31.3 2.4
Dominica 15.3 – – – – – – – –
Dominican Republic 29.3 84.1 ai 45.3 74 17.0 4.4 43.0 2.2 0.4

68 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

 3.a 3.b.1 3.b.2 3.c 3.d

Total net
Measles- official
Diphtheria- containing- development
tetanus- vaccine assistance
Age-standardized pertussis second-dose Pneumococcal to medical
prevalence of tobacco (DTP3) (MCV2) conjugate 3rd research and Density of Average of 13
smoking among immunization immunization dose (PCV3) basic health nursing and Density of Density of International
persons 15 years coverage coverage by immunization per capitaw Density of midwifery dentistry pharmaceutical Health
and olderu (%) among the nationally coverage (US$), by physiciansx personnelx personnelx personnelx
Regulations
1-year-olds recommended
v
among 1-year recipient (per 1000 (per 1000 (per 1000 (per 1000 core capacity
Male Female (%) agev (%) oldsv (%) country population) population) population) population) scoresy
Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates estimates estimates estimates Primary data Primary data Primary data Primary data Primary data Other data
2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2010–2017 Member State
– – 65 39 65 5.82 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 42 Afghanistan
51.2 7.1 98 98 98 0.63 1.3 – – 0.8 46 Albania
30.4 0.7 91 96 61 0.02 1.2 1.9 0.3 0.2 75 Algeria
37.8 29.0 98 90 92 – 3.7 4.4 0.9 1.2 29 Andorra
– – 64 26 58 1.57 0.1 1.4 – – 75 Angola
– – 99 87 – – – – – – 71 Antigua and Barbuda
27.7 16.2 92 88 82 0.01 3.9 4.2 – – 70 Argentina
52.1 1.5 94 97 94 5.03 2.8 5.4 0.4 0.0 95 Armenia
16.5 13.0 94 94 94 – 3.5 12.6 0.6 0.8 100 Australia
30.9 28.4 87 89 – – 5.2 8.3 0.6 0.7 68 Austria
42.5 0.3 97 98 97 0.39 3.4 6.9 0.3 0.2 84 Azerbaijan
20.4 3.1 94 74 94 – 2.3 4.0 0.4 0.8 78 Bahamas
37.6 5.8 99 99 99 – 0.9 2.5 0.2 0.2 93 Bahrain
44.7 1.0 97 93 97 1.25 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.6 78 Bangladesh
14.5 1.9 97 87 96 – – – – – 92 Barbados
46.1 10.5 98 98 – 0.60 4.1 11.4 0.6 0.3 90 Belarus
31.4 25.1 98 85 94 – 3.0 11.1 0.7 1.2 83 Belgium
– – 95 96 – 8.41 0.8 1.8 0.0 0.4 55 Belize
12.3 0.6 82 – 75 4.39 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 30 Benin
– – 98 90 – 2.57 0.4 1.5 0.1 0.0 73 Bhutan
Bolivia (Plurinational
67.3 10.5 99 – 97 1.69 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.1 76 State of)
47.7 30.2 78 78 – 9.93 1.9 5.9 0.2 0.1 58 Bosnia and Herzegovina
34.4 5.7 95 74 95 2.36 0.4 2.7 0.1 0.2 42 Botswana
17.9 10.1 86 72 94 0.03 1.9 7.4 1.2 0.7 96 Brazil
30.9 2.0 99 97 – – 1.7 6.5 0.4 0.2 67 Brunei Darussalam
44.4 30.1 92 88 90 – 4.0 5.3 1.0 – 69 Bulgaria
23.9 1.6 91 50 91 9.15 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 45 Burkina Faso
– – 94 72 94 9.57 – – – 0.0 25 Burundi
16.5 2.1 96 95 – 0.92 0.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 65 Cabo Verde
33.7 2.0 90 58 87 3.01 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 81 Cambodia
– – 85 – 84 2.22 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 57 Cameroon
16.6 12.0 91 86 79 – 2.5 9.8 1.3 1.0 100 Canada
– – 47 – 47 10.62 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 27 Central African Republic
– – 46 – – 4.16 0.0 0.3 – 0.0 44 Chad
41.5 34.2 95 87 90 0.01 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 84 Chile
48.4 1.9 99 99 – 0.11 1.8 2.3 – 0.3 100 China
13.5 4.7 91 87 89 0.07 1.8 1.1 1.0 – 88 Colombia
23.6 4.4 91 – – 8.21 – – – – 37 Comoros
52.3 1.7 80 – 80 1.65 0.1 0.9 – 0.0 31 Congo
29.8 21.2 99 90 – 5.02 1.2 5.8 0.9 0.4 43 Cook Islands
17.4 6.4 97 87 94 0.01 1.1 0.8 0.1 0.2 87 Costa Rica
– – 85 – 83 4.23 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 87 Côte d'Ivoire
39.9 34.3 93 96 – – 3.1 6.5 0.9 0.7 71 Croatia
53.3 17.1 99 99 – 0.11 7.5 8.0 1.8 0.3 99 Cuba
52.7 19.6 97 88 81 – 2.5 4.1 0.7 0.2 96 Cyprus
38.3 30.5 96 93 – – 3.7 8.4 0.8 0.7 94 Czechia
Democratic People's
– – 96 98 – 0.90 3.5 4.2 0.2 0.4 67 Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic of
– – 79 – 77 5.27 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 65 the Congo
18.8 19.3 94 85 94 – 3.7 17.0 0.8 0.5 90 Denmark
24.5 1.7 84 82 82 11.73 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.2 33 Djibouti
– – 99 92 – – – – – – 62 Dominica
19.1 8.5 87 – 30 0.24 1.5 1.3 0.2 – 55 Dominican Republic

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 69

 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

ANNEX B Proportion
of married
Part 2 or in-union
women of Age-
reproductive Population Population standardized
age who have with household with household mortality rate Mortality rate
their need expenditures expenditures attributed to attributed to Mortality
for family Adolescent on health on health household exposure to rate from
Road traffic planning birth rateq > 10% of total > 25% of total and ambient unsafe WASH unintentional
mortality rateo satisfied (per 1000 UHC service household household air pollutionc,t servicesc,t poisoningc,m
(per 100 000 with modern women aged coverage expenditure or expenditure or (per 100 000 (per 100 000 (per 100 000
population) methodsp (%) 15–19 years) indexr incomes (%) incomes (%) population) population) population)
Data type Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates Primary data Primary data estimates Primary data Primary data estimates estimates estimates
Member State 2013 2007–2017 2007–2016 2015 2007–2015 2007–2015 2016 2016 2016
Ecuador 20.1 80.7 56.5 75 – – 24.5 0.6 0.6
Egypt 12.8 80.0 56.0 68 26.2 3.9 108.9 2.0 0.2
El Salvador 21.1 81.9 69.2 77 – – 41.9 2.0 0.2
Equatorial Guinea 22.9 20.5 176.0 45 – – 177.7 22.3 1.9
Eritrea 24.1 19.6 76.0 38 – – 173.7 45.6 4.2
Estonia 7.0 – 12.5 76 8.8 1.2 25.0 <0.1 0.5
Ethiopia 25.3 59.4 80.0 39 – – 144.4 43.7 2.9
Fiji 5.8 – – 66 – – 99.0 2.9 0.4
Finland 4.8 – 6.2 79 6.3 1.0 7.2 <0.1 0.2
France 5.1 – 9.2 ≥80 – – 9.7 0.3 0.5
Gabon 22.9 33.7 91.0 52 – – 76.0 20.6 0.9
Gambia 29.4 23.9 88.0 46 – – 237.0 29.7 1.9
Georgia 11.8 – 47.9 66 29.2 9.0 101.8 0.2 0.8
Germany 4.3 – 7.8 79 – – 16.0 0.6 0.2
Ghana 26.2 46.2 59.0 45 – – 203.8 18.8 1.7
Greece 9.1 – 8.0 70 14.6 1.8 27.6 <0.1 0.2
Grenada 5.7 – – 72 – – 45.3 0.3 0.4
Guatemala 19.0 65.6 92.0 57 1.4 0.0 73.8 6.3 1.1
Guinea 27.3 21.5 146.0 35 7.0 1.2 243.3 44.6 3.0
Guinea–Bissau 27.5 37.6 106.0 39 – – 214.7 35.3 2.2
Guyana 17.3 52.5 ai 74.0 68 – – 107.8 3.6 0.7
Haiti 15.1 44.0 49.0 47 – – 184.3 23.8 2.6
Honduras 17.4 76.0 101.0 64 – – 60.7 3.6 0.4
Hungary 7.7 – 22.8 70 7.4 0.3 38.8 0.2 0.3
Iceland 4.6 – 8.0 ≥80 – – 8.7 0.1 0.2
India 16.6 72.0 28.1 56 17.3 3.9 184.3 ak 18.6 2.4
Indonesia 15.3 77.9 40.1 49 3.6 0.4 112.4 7.1 0.4
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 32.1 68.6 23.0 65 15.8 3.8 50.9 1.0 1.2
Iraq 20.2 59.3 aj 82.0 63 – – 75.1 3.0 0.5
Ireland 4.1 – 8.6 78 6.4 0.7 11.9 <0.1 0.2
Israel 3.6 – 9.7 ≥80 6.7 0.9 15.4 ak 0.2 0.1
Italy 6.1 – 5.1 ≥80 9.3 1.1 15.0 0.1 0.3
Jamaica 11.5 82.9 45.7 60 – – 25.4 0.6 0.2
Japan 4.7 – 4.1 ≥80 6.2 2.0 11.9 0.2 0.4
Jordan 26.3 58.0 26.0 70 – – 51.2 0.6 0.6
Kazakhstan 24.2 79.6 aj 36.0 71 1.8 0.1 62.7 0.4 2.3
Kenya 29.1 77.6 96.0 57 – – 78.1 51.2 1.8
Kiribati 2.9 35.8 49.9 40 – – 140.2 16.7 2.6
Kuwait 18.7 – 6.1 77 – – 103.8 <0.1 0.2
Kyrgyzstan 22.0 62.1 – 66 3.5 0.8 110.7 0.8 0.6
Lao People's Democratic 14.3 61.3 75.6 48 3.0 0.3 188.5 11.3 0.9
Republic
Latvia 10.0 – 18.0 64 – – 41.3 <0.1 0.8
Lebanon 22.6 – – 68 – – 51.4 0.8 0.3
Lesotho 28.2 76.1 94.0 45 – – 177.6 44.4 3.1
Liberia 33.7 37.2 104.8 34 7.9 1.6 170.2 41.5 1.8
Libya 23.8 ah 29.6 10.9 63 – – 71.9 0.6 0.6
Lithuania 10.6 – 14.1 67 9.8 1.6 34.0 ak <0.1 0.7
Luxembourg 8.7 – 5.6 ≥80 3.4 0.1 11.6 <0.1 0.1
Madagascar 28.4 49.6 152.0 30 – – 159.6 30.2 3.3
Malawi 35.0 74.6 136.0 44 1.6 0.1 115.0 28.3 2.0
Malaysia 24.0 – 11.5 70 – – 47.4 0.4 0.5
Maldives 3.5 42.7 12.9 55 – – 25.6 0.3 0.0
Mali 25.6 46.0 174.0 32 – – 209.1 70.7 3.3
Malta 5.1 – 11.4 79 15.9 2.8 20.2 <0.1 0.1

70 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

 3.a 3.b.1 3.b.2 3.c 3.d

Total net
Measles- official
Diphtheria- containing- development
tetanus- vaccine assistance
Age-standardized pertussis second-dose Pneumococcal to medical
prevalence of tobacco (DTP3) (MCV2) conjugate 3rd research and Density of Average of 13
smoking among immunization immunization dose (PCV3) basic health nursing and Density of Density of International
persons 15 years coverage coverage by immunization per capitaw Density of midwifery dentistry pharmaceutical Health
and olderu (%) among the nationally coverage (US$), by physiciansx personnelx personnelx personnelx
Regulations
1-year-olds recommended
v
among 1-year recipient (per 1000 (per 1000 (per 1000 (per 1000 core capacity
Male Female (%) agev (%) oldsv (%) country population) population) population) population) scoresy
Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates estimates estimates estimates Primary data Primary data Primary data Primary data Primary data Other data
2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2010–2017 Member State
12.3 2.0 83 76 84 0.50 1.7 2.1 0.3 0.1 81 Ecuador
50.1 0.2 95 96 – 0.20 0.8 1.4 0.2 0.3 96 Egypt
18.8 2.5 93 87 90 0.77 1.9 0.5 0.8 0.4 93 El Salvador
– – 19 – – 1.29 – – – – 27 Equatorial Guinea
11.4 0.2 95 85 95 2.44 – – – – 49 Eritrea
39.3 24.5 93 92 – – 3.4 6.4 0.9 0.7 70 Estonia
8.5 0.4 77 – 76 3.53 0.0 0.3 – 0.0 79 Ethiopia
34.8 10.2 99 94 99 7.00 0.8 2.9 0.3 0.1 98 Fiji
22.6 18.3 92 85 87 – 3.2 15.0 0.7 1.1 96 Finland
35.6 30.1 97 79 91 – 3.2 10.6 0.7 1.1 89 France
– – 75 – – 2.25 0.4 2.9 0.0 0.1 52 Gabon
31.2 0.7 95 79 95 12.72 0.1 1.6 0.0 0.1 27 Gambia
55.5 5.3 92 85 75 2.23 4.8 4.0 0.5 0.1 74 Georgia
33.1 28.2 95 93 86 – 4.2 13.8 0.9 0.7 97 Germany
7.7 0.3 93 75 93 4.94 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.1 74 Ghana
52.0 35.3 99 83 96 – 6.3 3.4 1.2 1.1 76 Greece
– – 96 85 – – – – – 0.8 66 Grenada
– – 80 65 81 1.28 0.9 0.9 0.2 – 55 Guatemala
– – 57 – – 8.26 0.1 0.4 – 0.0 59 Guinea
– – 87 – 80 11.23 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 53 Guinea–Bissau
– – 97 94 92 2.85 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.1 89 Guyana
23.1 2.9 58 26 – 8.73 – – – – 61 Haiti
– – 97 – 97 2.92 – – – – 70 Honduras
34.8 26.8 99 99 98 – 3.1 6.6 0.6 0.7 82 Hungary
15.2 14.3 91 95 90 – 3.8 15.2 0.8 1.1 72 Iceland
20.6 1.9 88 76 – 0.28 0.8 2.1 0.1 0.6 95 India
76.1 2.8 79 56 – 0.51 0.2 1.3 0.0 0.1 99 Indonesia
21.1 0.8 99 98 – 0.03 1.5 1.6 0.4 0.2 76 Iran (Islamic Republic of)
39.3 4.7 63 64 – 0.13 0.9 1.8 0.2 0.2 89 Iraq
25.7 23.0 95 – 91 – 3.0 12.4 0.6 1.1 78 Ireland
35.4 15.4 94 97 93 – 3.6 5.1 0.8 0.8 71 Israel
27.8 19.8 93 83 89 – 4.0 5.7 0.8 1.1 90 Italy
28.6 5.3 99 85 – 0.04 0.5 1.7 0.1 0.1 83 al Jamaica
33.7 11.2 99 93 99 – 2.4 11.2 0.8 1.7 100 Japan
– – 98 99 – 2.78 3.4 3.1 0.9 1.6 72 Jordan
43.1 7.0 82 99 97 0.36 3.3 8.5 0.4 0.8 78 Kazakhstan
20.4 1.2 89 32 78 3.36 0.2 1.6 0.0 0.1 58 Kenya
58.9 35.9 81 79 79 9.95 0.2 4.6 0.2 0.1 60 Kiribati
37.0 2.7 99 96 99 – 2.6 7.0 0.7 0.5 85 Kuwait
50.5 3.6 96 98 – 2.91 1.9 6.4 0.2 0.0 50 Kyrgyzstan

75 al Lao People's Democratic

51.2 7.3 82 – 78 3.33 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.2 Republic
51.0 25.6 98 89 82 – 3.2 4.9 0.7 0.8 90 Latvia
40.7 26.9 81 75 – 5.84 2.4 2.6 1.0 1.4 80 Lebanon
53.9 0.4 93 82 93 6.61 – – – – 62 Lesotho
18.1 1.5 79 – 79 14.27 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 76 Liberia
– – 97 96 96 0.07 2.1 6.9 0.7 0.6 64 Libya
38.0 21.3 94 92 82 – 4.4 8.1 0.9 – 77 Lithuania
26.0 20.9 99 86 95 – 2.9 12.3 1.0 0.7 88 Luxembourg
– – 77 – 76 4.08 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 43 Madagascar
24.7 4.4 84 61 83 12.64 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 56 Malawi
42.4 1.0 98 99 – 0.05 1.5 4.1 0.5 0.5 100 Malaysia
55.0 2.1 99 99 – 1.29 3.6 8.2 0.2 1.1 63 Maldives
23.0 1.6 68 – 70 7.55 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 40 Mali
30.2 20.9 97 86 – – 3.9 9.1 0.5 1.3 79 Malta

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 71

 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

ANNEX B Proportion
of married
Part 2 or in-union
women of Age-
reproductive Population Population standardized
age who have with household with household mortality rate Mortality rate
their need expenditures expenditures attributed to attributed to Mortality
for family Adolescent on health on health household exposure to rate from
Road traffic planning birth rateq > 10% of total > 25% of total and ambient unsafe WASH unintentional
mortality rateo satisfied (per 1000 UHC service household household air pollutionc,t servicesc,t poisoningc,m
(per 100 000 with modern women aged coverage expenditure or expenditure or (per 100 000 (per 100 000 (per 100 000
population) methodsp (%) 15–19 years) indexr incomes (%) incomes (%) population) population) population)
Data type Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates Primary data Primary data estimates Primary data Primary data estimates estimates estimates
Member State 2013 2007–2017 2007–2016 2015 2007–2015 2007–2015 2016 2016 2016
Marshall Islands 5.7 80.5 – – – – – – –
Mauritania 24.5 30.4 77.0 33 – – 169.5 38.6 1.9
Mauritius 12.2 41.9 24.1 64 – – 38.3 0.6 0.1
Mexico 12.3 80.9 66.2 76 7.1 1.9 36.7 1.1 0.4
Micronesia (Federated 1.9 – – 60 – – 151.8 3.6 1.0
States of)
Monaco 0.0 – – – – – – – –
Mongolia 21.0 68.3 aj 26.7 63 2.4 0.5 155.9 1.3 1.6
Montenegro 11.9 34.1 aj 11.1 54 8.9 1.0 78.6 <0.1 0.5
Morocco 20.8 74.8 32.0 65 – – 49.1 1.9 0.6
Mozambique 31.6 50.4 ai 167.0 42 1.2 0.3 110.0 27.6 2.9
Myanmar 20.3 75.0 36.0 60 – – 156.4 12.6 1.4
Namibia 23.9 75.1 82.0 59 – – 145.0 18.3 1.5
Nauru – 42.5 – – – – – – –
Nepal 17.0 56.1 88.0 46 27.4 3.3 193.8 19.8 0.4
Netherlands 3.4 – 3.2 ≥80 – – 13.7 0.2 0.1
New Zealand 6.0 – 16.0 ≥80 – – 7.2 0.1 0.2
Nicaragua 15.3 89.8 92.0 70 27.7 8.9 55.7 2.2 0.6
Niger 26.4 45.4 146.0 33 4.1 0.4 251.8 70.8 4.2
Nigeria 20.5 26.3 aj 145.0 39 24.8 8.9 307.4 68.6 3.0
Niue – – – – – – – – –
Norway 3.8 – 4.6 ≥80 – – 8.6 0.2 0.2
Oman 25.4 39.6 13.5 72 – – 53.9 <0.1 0.4
Pakistan 14.2 47.0 44.0 40 1.0 0.0 173.6 19.6 2.3
Palau 4.8 – – – – – – – –
Panama 10.0 75.9 84.3 75 1.4 0.2 25.8 1.9 0.4
Papua New Guinea 16.8 40.6 – 41 – – 152.0 16.3 1.7
Paraguay 20.7 82.6 62.8 69 – – 57.5 1.5 0.3
Peru 13.9 66.1 49.4 78 8.3 1.2 63.9 1.3 0.9
Philippines 10.5 51.5 57.0 58 6.3 1.4 185.2 4.2 0.2
Poland 10.3 – 12.3 75 13.9 1.6 37.9 <0.1 0.2
Portugal 7.8 – 8.2 ≥80 18.4 3.3 9.8 ak 0.2 0.3
Qatar 15.2 68.9 aj 10.5 77 – – 47.4 <0.1 0.4
Republic of Korea 12.0 – 1.3 ≥80 13.5 4.0 20.5 1.8 0.5
Republic of Moldova 12.5 60.4 26.7 65 16.1 3.6 78.3 <0.1 1.2
Romania 8.7 – 35.3 72 12.0 2.3 59.3 0.4 0.4
Russian Federation 18.9 – 24.0 63 4.9 0.6 49.4 0.1 1.7
Rwanda 32.1 65.9 45.0 53 4.6 0.7 121.4 19.3 2.4
Saint Kitts and Nevis – – – – – – – – –
Saint Lucia 18.1 72.4 – 69 – – 30.0 0.6 0.2
Saint Vincent and the 8.2 – 63.7 65 – – 47.6 1.3 0.2
Grenadines
Samoa 15.8 39.4 39.2 56 – – 85.0 1.5 0.5
San Marino 3.2 – – – – – – – –
Sao Tome and Principe 31.1 50.3 92.0 54 – – 162.4 11.4 0.9
Saudi Arabia 27.4 – – 68 – – 83.7 <0.1 0.7
Senegal 27.2 47.4 80.0 41 3.3 0.2 160.7 23.9 2.3
Serbia 7.7 25.1 aj 16.4 65 9.0 0.7 62.5 0.7 0.3
Seychelles 8.6 – 65.8 68 – – 49.3 0.2 0.6
Sierra Leone 27.3 37.5 125.0 36 – – 324.1 81.3 4.1
Singapore 3.6 – 2.7 ≥80 – – 25.9 <0.1 0.1
Slovakia 6.6 – 24.3 76 3.8 0.4 33.5 <0.1 0.4
Slovenia 6.4 – 4.5 78 2.9 0.3 22.6 <0.1 0.3
Solomon Islands 19.2 38.0 42.0 50 – – 137.0 6.2 0.9
Somalia 25.4 – – 22 – – 212.8 86.6 4.6
South Africa 25.1 77.9 ai 71.0 67 1.4 0.1 86.7 13.7 1.2

72 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

 3.a 3.b.1 3.b.2 3.c 3.d

Total net
Measles- official
Diphtheria- containing- development
tetanus- vaccine assistance
Age-standardized pertussis second-dose Pneumococcal to medical
prevalence of tobacco (DTP3) (MCV2) conjugate 3rd research and Density of Average of 13
smoking among immunization immunization dose (PCV3) basic health nursing and Density of Density of International
persons 15 years coverage coverage by immunization per capitaw Density of midwifery dentistry pharmaceutical Health
and olderu (%) among the nationally coverage (US$), by physiciansx personnelx personnelx personnelx
Regulations
1-year-olds recommended
v
among 1-year recipient (per 1000 (per 1000 (per 1000 (per 1000 core capacity
Male Female (%) agev (%) oldsv (%) country population) population) population) population) scoresy
Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates estimates estimates estimates Primary data Primary data Primary data Primary data Primary data Other data
2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2010–2017 Member State
– – 71 49 51 2.67 0.5 3.6 0.5 0.1 57 Marshall Islands
– – 73 – 73 2.53 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 32 Mauritania
40.7 3.2 96 92 10 0.28 2.0 3.3 0.3 0.4 71 Mauritius
21.4 6.9 97 98 92 0.01 2.2 2.6 0.1 – 94 Mexico
Micronesia (Federated
– – 69 74 63 3.65 0.2 3.6 0.4 0.2 86 States of)
– – 99 – – – 6.6 20.5 1.0 2.6 81 Monaco
46.5 5.5 99 90 – 6.47 3.3 4.1 0.2 0.5 87 Mongolia
47.9 44.0 89 86 – 1.84 2.3 5.7 0.0 0.2 56 Montenegro
47.1 0.8 99 99 98 1.92 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.3 95 Morocco
29.1 5.1 80 51 80 8.10 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 69 Mozambique
35.2 6.3 90 86 14 2.78 0.6 0.9 0.1 – 62 Myanmar
34.2 9.7 92 – 81 3.97 0.4 2.8 0.0 0.2 79 Namibia
36.9 43.0 91 96 – 43.29 1.4 7.0 0.6 1.0 42 Nauru
37.8 9.5 87 25 46 2.47 0.6 2.0 – 0.2 22 Nepal
27.3 24.4 95 91 94 – 3.5 10.5 0.5 0.2 95 Netherlands
17.2 14.8 92 89 93 – 3.1 11.1 0.4 0.7 98 New Zealand
– – 98 – 98 3.58 0.9 1.4 0.0 – 91 Nicaragua
15.4 0.1 67 37 64 3.48 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 74 Niger
10.8 0.6 49 – 26 2.87 0.4 1.5 0.0 0.1 51 Nigeria
19.3 10.5 99 99 99 6.01 1.8 9.8 2.5 0.6 61 Niue
20.7 19.6 96 91 94 – 4.4 17.8 0.9 0.7 99 Norway
15.6 0.5 99 99 99 – 1.9 4.2 0.2 0.9 90 Oman
36.7 2.8 72 53 72 1.63 1.0 0.5 0.1 – 51 Pakistan
22.7 7.7 98 95 98 2.72 1.2 5.3 0.2 0.0 91 Palau
9.9 2.4 73 92 83 0.46 1.6 2.3 0.3 – 76 Panama
48.8 23.5 72 – 20 2.92 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 64 Papua New Guinea
21.6 5.0 93 92 99 0.89 1.3 1.0 0.2 – 77 Paraguay
– – 89 66 86 0.48 1.1 1.5 0.1 0.1 66 Peru
40.8 7.8 86 66 36 0.73 – 0.2 0.0 0.9 81 Philippines
33.1 23.3 98 94 – – 2.3 5.7 0.3 0.7 74 Poland
30.0 16.3 98 95 – – 4.4 6.4 0.9 0.9 91 Portugal
26.9 0.8 98 92 97 – 2.0 5.7 0.6 0.9 76 Qatar
40.9 6.2 98 97 98 – 2.3 6.9 0.5 0.7 98 Republic of Korea
44.6 5.9 89 95 77 3.48 3.2 4.5 0.4 0.5 81 Republic of Moldova
37.1 22.9 89 76 – – 2.7 6.4 0.7 0.8 76 Romania
58.3 23.4 97 97 35 – 4.0 8.7 – – 99 Russian Federation
21.0 4.7 98 90 98 6.65 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 66 Rwanda
15.2 0.8 97 97 – – – – – – 52 Saint Kitts and Nevis
– – 95 88 – 6.33 0.1 – 0.2 – 77 Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the
– – 98 99 – 0.36 – – – – 65 Grenadines
38.1 16.7 62 44 – 22.31 0.3 1.5 0.2 0.3 75 Samoa
– – 66 36 12 – 6.4 9.1 0.7 0.7 61 San Marino
– – 96 76 96 24.88 – – – – 16 Sao Tome and Principe
25.4 1.8 98 96 98 – 2.6 5.2 0.4 0.7 99 Saudi Arabia
16.6 0.4 93 75 93 5.36 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 44 Senegal
40.2 37.7 92 90 – 0.10 2.5 4.7 0.3 0.5 44 Serbia
35.7 7.1 96 99 – 34.17 1.0 4.4 0.1 0.0 87 Seychelles
41.3 8.8 84 50 84 11.30 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 70 Sierra Leone
28.3 5.2 97 88 78 – 2.3 7.1 0.4 0.5 99 Singapore
37.7 23.1 96 97 96 – 3.4 6.0 0.5 1.1 95 Slovakia
25.0 20.1 94 93 50 – 2.8 8.8 0.7 0.6 77 Slovenia
– – 99 – 87 26.32 0.2 1.8 0.1 0.1 57 Solomon Islands
– – 42 – – 3.52 0.0 0.1 – – 29 Somalia
33.2 8.1 66 70 69 1.55 0.8 5.2 0.2 0.7 91 South Africa

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 73

 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

ANNEX B Proportion
of married
Part 2 or in-union
women of Age-
reproductive Population Population standardized
age who have with household with household mortality rate Mortality rate
their need expenditures expenditures attributed to attributed to Mortality
for family Adolescent on health on health household exposure to rate from
Road traffic planning birth rateq > 10% of total > 25% of total and ambient unsafe WASH unintentional
mortality rateo satisfied (per 1000 UHC service household household air pollutionc,t servicesc,t poisoningc,m
(per 100 000 with modern women aged coverage expenditure or expenditure or (per 100 000 (per 100 000 (per 100 000
population) methodsp (%) 15–19 years) indexr incomes (%) incomes (%) population) population) population)
Data type Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates Primary data Primary data estimates Primary data Primary data estimates estimates estimates
Member State 2013 2007–2017 2007–2016 2015 2007–2015 2007–2015 2016 2016 2016
South Sudan 27.9 5.6 aj 158.1 30 – – 165.1 63.3 4.0
Spain 3.7 – 7.7 77 5.7 1.2 9.9 0.2 0.2
Sri Lanka 17.4 74.1 20.3 62 2.9 0.1 79.8 1.2 0.4
Sudan 24.3 30.2 87.0 43 – – 184.9 17.3 3.9
Suriname 19.1 73.2 aj 57.7 68 – – 56.7 2.0 0.4
Swaziland 24.2 80.6 87.0 58 13.4 2.0 137.0 27.9 3.3
Sweden 2.8 – 4.4 ≥80 – – 7.2 0.2 0.4
Switzerland 3.3 – 2.6 ≥80 – – 10.1 0.1 0.1
Syrian Arab Republic 20.0 53.3 54.0 60 – – 75.2 3.7 0.4
Tajikistan 18.8 50.8 54.0 65 11.3 2.7 129.3 2.7 1.2
Thailand 36.2 89.2 51.0 75 3.4 0.7 61.5 3.5 0.4
The former Yugoslav 9.4 22.3 aj 20.1 70 5.4 0.6 82.2 <0.1 0.4
Republic of Macedonia
Timor–Leste 16.6 46.1 ai
– 47 – – 139.8 9.9 0.4
Togo 31.1 32.1 85.0 42 – – 249.6 41.6 2.4
Tonga 7.6 47.9 30.0 62 – – 73.3 1.4 1.3
Trinidad and Tobago 14.1 58.2 38.0 75 – – 38.6 0.1 0.2
Tunisia 24.4 73.2 aj 3.0 65 16.7 2.4 56.1 1.0 0.5
Turkey 8.9 59.7 26.9 71 3.1 0.3 46.6 ak 0.3 0.3
Turkmenistan 17.4 75.6 28.0 67 – – 79.3 4.0 0.7
Tuvalu – 41.0 – – – – – – –
Uganda 27.4 49.9 141.0 44 – – 155.7 31.6 3.2
Ukraine 10.6 68.0 26.1 63 7.2 1.1 70.7 0.3 2.5
United Arab Emirates 10.9 – 34.2 63 – – 54.7 <0.1 0.3
United Kingdom 2.9 – 14.4 ≥80 1.6 0.5 13.8 0.2 0.2
United Republic of 32.9 52.9 132.0 39 9.9 2.5 139.0 38.4 2.7
Tanzania
United States of America 10.6 – 22.3 ≥80 4.8 0.8 13.3 0.2 0.9
Uruguay 16.6 – 55.6 79 – – 17.5 0.4 0.4
Uzbekistan 11.2 – 29.5 72 – – 81.1 0.4 1.0
Vanuatu 16.6 50.7 78.0 56 – – 135.6 10.4 0.9
Venezuela (Bolivarian 45.1 – – 73 – – 34.6 1.4 0.3
Republic of)
Viet Nam 24.5 69.7 aj
30.1 73 9.8 2.1 64.5 1.6 0.9
Yemen 21.5 46.9 67.0 39 – – 194.2 10.2 3.8
Zambia 24.7 63.8 141.0 56 0.3 0.0 127.2 34.9 2.9
Zimbabwe 28.2 85.2 110.0 55 – – 133.0 24.6 2.2

WHO region
African Region 26.6 52.2 99.1 44 10.3 2.6 180.9 45.8 2.7
Region of the Americas 15.9 83.0 48.6 78 11.1 1.9 29.7 1.1 0.6
South-East Asia Region 17.0 75.1 33.0 55 12.8 2.8 165.8 15.4 1.8
European Region 9.3 75.1 16.6 73 7.0 1.0 36.3 0.3 0.7
Eastern Mediterranean 19.9 63.6 44.5 53 9.5 1.4 125.0 10.6 1.5
Region
Western Pacific Region 17.3 89.7 14.2 75 14.8 3.9 102.8 1.0 1.1

Global 17.4 77.4 43.9 64 11.7 2.6 114.1 11.7 1.4

74 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

 3.a 3.b.1 3.b.2 3.c 3.d

Total net
Measles- official
Diphtheria- containing- development
tetanus- vaccine assistance
Age-standardized pertussis second-dose Pneumococcal to medical
prevalence of tobacco (DTP3) (MCV2) conjugate 3rd research and Density of Average of 13
smoking among immunization immunization dose (PCV3) basic health nursing and Density of Density of International
persons 15 years coverage coverage by immunization per capitaw Density of midwifery dentistry pharmaceutical Health
and olderu (%) among the nationally coverage (US$), by physiciansx personnelx personnelx personnelx
Regulations
1-year-olds recommended
v
among 1-year recipient (per 1000 (per 1000 (per 1000 (per 1000 core capacity
Male Female (%) agev (%) oldsv (%) country population) population) population) population) scoresy
Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates estimates estimates estimates Primary data Primary data Primary data Primary data Primary data Other data
2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2010–2017 Member State
– – 26 – – 5.02 – – – – 34 South Sudan
31.4 27.4 97 95 – – 3.9 5.3 0.7 1.2 95 Spain
27.0 0.3 99 99 – 0.98 0.9 2.8 0.1 0.1 76 Sri Lanka
– – 93 69 93 3.34 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.0 67 Sudan
42.9 7.4 91 44 – 1.09 – – – – 72 Suriname
16.5 1.7 90 89 90 13.21 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 75 Swaziland
18.9 18.8 98 95 97 – 4.2 11.9 0.8 0.8 93 Sweden
28.9 22.6 97 89 81 – 4.2 18.2 0.5 0.5 91 Switzerland
– – 42 52 – 0.71 1.5 2.3 0.9 1.5 64 Syrian Arab Republic
– – 96 97 – 3.07 1.7 5.3 0.2 – 89 Tajikistan
38.8 1.9 99 95 – 0.37 0.5 2.3 0.3 0.2 97 Thailand
The former Yugoslav
– – 95 93 – 0.56 2.9 3.8 0.9 0.5 90 Republic of Macedonia
78.1 6.3 85 22 – 12.12 0.1 1.3 0.0 0.1 72 Timor–Leste
14.2 0.9 89 – 89 4.82 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 64 Togo
44.4 11.8 78 85 – 45.41 0.6 3.9 0.4 0.3 74 Tonga
– – 97 65 91 – 1.8 3.3 0.3 0.5 72 Trinidad and Tobago
65.8 1.1 98 97 – 0.19 1.3 2.6 0.3 0.3 57 Tunisia
41.1 14.1 98 85 98 0.36 1.7 2.6 0.3 0.3 88 Turkey
– – 98 99 – 1.77 2.3 4.8 0.1 0.2 84 Turkmenistan
– – 94 92 – 60.03 1.2 6.5 0.4 0.2 54 Tuvalu
16.7 3.4 78 – 78 6.31 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 58 Uganda
47.4 13.5 19 31 – 1.46 3.0 7.0 0.6 0.0 49 Ukraine
37.4 1.2 99 99 99 – 1.6 3.1 0.3 0.4 97 United Arab Emirates
24.7 20.0 94 89 92 – 2.8 8.4 0.5 0.9 89 United Kingdom
United Republic of
26.7 3.3 97 71 96 4.66 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 69 Tanzania
24.6 19.1 95 – 93 – 2.6 – – 0.9 100 United States of America
19.9 14.0 95 92 94 0.05 3.9 5.8 0.7 0.3 87 Uruguay
24.7 1.3 99 99 99 1.79 2.5 12.5 0.2 0.0 83 Uzbekistan
34.5 2.8 64 – – 7.20 0.2 2.2 0.1 0.1 35 Vanuatu
Venezuela (Bolivarian
– – 84 53 7 0.00 – – – – 94 Republic of)
45.9 1.0 96 95 – 0.84 0.8 1.4 – 0.3 95 Viet Nam
29.2 7.6 71 49 71 2.44 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.1 48 Yemen
24.7 3.1 91 58 90 10.75 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.1 64 Zambia
30.7 1.6 90 63 90 4.94 0.1 1.2 0.0 0.0 72 Zimbabwe

WHO region
17.5 2.2 74 24 65 – – – – – 56 African Region
21.4 12.4 91 54 84 – – – – – 80 Region of the Americas
31.6 2.2 88 75 9 – – – – – 73 South-East Asia Region
38.1 20.7 92 88 62 – – – – – 79 European Region
Eastern Mediterranean
34.0 2.2 80 69 48 – – – – – 72 Region
46.0 3.0 97 93 14 – – – – – 79 Western Pacific Region

33.7 6.2 86 64 42 – – – – – 71 Global

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 75

 1.a 2.2 6.1 6.2 7.1 11.6 13.1

ANNEX B Domestic
general
Part 3 government
health
expenditure Proportion of Annual mean
(GGHE-D) as population Proportion of concentrations Average
percentage using safely population Proportion of of fine death rate
of general Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence of managed using safely population with particulate due to natural
government of stunting of wasting overweight drinking- managed primary reliance matter (PM2.5) in disastersc,m,ac
expenditure in children in children in children water sanitation on clean fuelst urban areast (per 100 000
(GGE)d,z (%) under 5aa (%) under 5aa (%) under 5aa (%) servicesab (%) servicesab (%) (%) (µg/m3) population)
Data type Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates Primary data Primary data Primary data estimates estimates estimates estimates estimates
Member State 2015 2007–2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2015 2015 2016 2016 2012–2016
Afghanistan 2.0 40.9 9.5 5.4 – – 32 59.9 0.7
Albania 9.5 23.1 9.4 23.4 69 65 77 18.2 0.0
Algeria 10.7 11.7 4.1 12.4 – 19 93 34.5 <0.1
Andorra 18.5 – – – – 100 >95 aq 11.5 –
Angola 3.7 37.6 4.9 3.3 – – 48 28.4 <0.1
Antigua and Barbuda 14.9 – – – – – >95 18.0 0.0
Argentina 12.3 – – – – 26 >95 11.7 <0.1
Armenia 6.1 9.4 4.2 13.6 61 – >95 32.9 0.0
Australia – 2.0 am 0.0 am 7.7 am – 74 >95 aq 7.3 <0.1
Austria 15.1 – – – 99 97 >95 aq 13.1 0.2
Azerbaijan 4.1 18.0 3.1 13.0 72 – >95 18.5 0.0
Bahamas 14.2 – – – – – >95 aq 19.0 0.0
Bahrain 9.5 – – – 99 93 >95 aq 69.0 0.0
Bangladesh 2.8 36.1 14.3 1.4 56 – 18 58.6 <0.1
Barbados 7.4 7.7 6.8 12.2 – – >95 22.4 0.0
Belarus 8.5 – – – 94 76 >95 19.3 0.0
Belgium 16.0 – – – 98 97 >95 aq 13.0 <0.1
Belize 11.1 15.0 1.8 7.3 – – 85 20.9 0.0
Benin 3.4 34.0 4.5 1.7 – – 6 30.4 <0.1
Bhutan 9.1 33.6 5.9 7.6 34 – 52 35.4 0.0
Bolivia (Plurinational 9.8 16.1 2.0 10.1 – 19 80 23.3 0.4
State of)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 14.9 8.9 2.3 17.4 89 23 63 29.7 0.1
Botswana 8.8 31.4 7.2 11.2 – – 64 20.9 0.1
Brazil 7.7 7.1 1.6 7.3 – 39 >95 11.8 <0.1
Brunei Darussalam 6.4 19.7 2.9 8.3 – – >95 aq 5.8 0.0
Bulgaria 10.3 – – – 97 74 89 20.8 <0.1
Burkina Faso 7.2 27.3 7.6 1.2 – – 9 36.3 <0.1
Burundi 11.8 55.9 5.1 1.4 – – <5 35.6 0.2
Cabo Verde 10.8 – – – – – 71 31.6 0.0
Cambodia 6.1 32.4 9.6 2.0 24 – 18 24.9 0.3
Cameroon 3.1 31.7 5.2 6.7 – – 23 65.4 <0.1
Canada 19.1 – – – – 77 >95 aq 6.7 <0.1
Central African Republic 4.1 40.7 7.4 1.8 – – <5 51.2 0.0
Chad 6.3 39.9 13.0 2.5 – – <5 50.8 <0.1
Chile 19.6 1.8 0.3 9.3 98 85 92 23.1 0.1
China 10.1 8.1 1.9 6.6 as – 60 59 51.0 <0.1
Colombia 12.2 12.7 0.9 4.8 71 20 92 17.2 0.3
Comoros 3.8 32.1 11.1 10.9 – – 9 18.6 0.1
Congo 3.1 21.2 8.2 5.9 37 – 24 36.4 <0.1
Cook Islands 5.1 – – – – – 84 – –
Costa Rica 18.8 5.6 1.0 8.1 90 – 93 16.7 <0.1
Côte d'Ivoire 5.0 21.6 6.0 1.5 46 – 18 23.9 <0.1
Croatia 11.7 – – – 90 60 93 17.6 <0.1
Cuba – – – – – 31 79 21.6 0.3
Cyprus 7.1 – – – 100 76 >95 aq 17.1 0.0
Czechia 14.3 – – – 98 91 >95 15.6 <0.1
Democratic People's – 27.9 4.0 0.0 – – 11 31.0 0.3
Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic of 5.0 42.6 8.1 4.4 – – <5 37.4 <0.1
the Congo
Denmark 15.8 – – – 97 93 >95 aq
10.3 <0.1
Djibouti 4.1 33.5 21.5 8.1 – – 12 41.0 0.0
Dominica 10.6 – – – – – 91 18.8 –
Dominican Republic 9.5 7.1 2.4 7.6 – – 90 13.3 <0.1

76 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

 16.1 17.19.2

Estimated
Mortality direct deaths
rate due to from major Completeness
homicidec,m conflictsc,m,ac,ad of cause-of-
(per 100 000 (per 100 000 death datac,m,ae
population) population) (%)
Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates estimates estimates
2016 2012–2016 2007–2016 Member State
7.4 37.3 – Afghanistan
4.2 <0.1 55 ar Albania
4.2 0.7 – Algeria
– – 100 Andorra
9.8 <0.1 – Angola
1.8 0.0 87 Antigua and Barbuda
6.2 <0.1 100 Argentina
2.4 <0.1 100 Armenia
1.1 <0.1 100 Australia
0.5 <0.1 100 Austria
2.4 0.8 95 ar Azerbaijan
29.7 0.0 86 Bahamas
0.8 0.3 96 Bahrain
2.9 <0.1 – Bangladesh
10.0 0.0 78 Barbados
5.2 <0.1 100 Belarus
1.0 <0.1 100 Belgium
29.4 0.0 86 Belize
6.4 0.0 – Benin
1.7 0.0 – Bhutan
Bolivia (Plurinational
14.1 0.0 – State of)
3.3 <0.1 93 Bosnia and Herzegovina
11.4 0.0 – Botswana
31.3 0.3 97 Brazil
2.0 0.0 97 Brunei Darussalam
1.7 <0.1 100 Bulgaria
9.8 0.2 – Burkina Faso
6.6 1.5 – Burundi
8.2 0.0 92 Cabo Verde
2.2 0.0 – Cambodia
11.6 3.7 – Cameroon
1.5 <0.1 100 Canada
13.8 32.4 – Central African Republic
9.6 3.8 – Chad
4.4 <0.1 97 Chile
0.9 <0.1 62 China
43.1 0.5 79 Colombia
7.9 0.0 – Comoros
10.2 0.4 – Congo
– – 100 Cook Islands
10.2 0.0 87 Costa Rica
12.1 <0.1 – Côte d'Ivoire
1.0 <0.1 100 Croatia
5.5 <0.1 100 Cuba
1.4 <0.1 74 Cyprus
0.8 <0.1 100 Czechia
Democratic People's
4.4 <0.1 – Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic of
13.3 2.2 – the Congo
0.8 <0.1 100 Denmark
6.8 2.0 – Djibouti
– – 100 Dominica
16.8 0.0 59 Dominican Republic

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 77

 1.a 2.2 6.1 6.2 7.1 11.6 13.1

ANNEX B Domestic
general
Part 3 government
health
expenditure Proportion of Annual mean
(GGHE-D) as population Proportion of concentrations Average
percentage using safely population Proportion of of fine death rate
of general Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence of managed using safely population with particulate due to natural
government of stunting of wasting overweight drinking- managed primary reliance matter (PM2.5) in disastersc,m,ac
expenditure in children in children in children water sanitation on clean fuelst urban areast (per 100 000
(GGE)d,z (%) under 5aa (%) under 5aa (%) under 5aa (%) servicesab (%) servicesab (%) (%) (µg/m3) population)
Data type Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates Primary data Primary data Primary data estimates estimates estimates estimates estimates
Member State 2015 2007–2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2015 2015 2016 2016 2012–2016
Ecuador 11.0 23.9 1.6 8.0 74 42 >95 15.5 0.6
Egypt 4.2 22.3 9.5 15.7 – 61 >95 79.6 0.0
El Salvador 19.1 13.6 2.1 6.4 – – 86 23.8 0.0
Equatorial Guinea 1.3 26.2 3.1 9.7 – – 34 49.1 0.0
Eritrea 1.8 50.3 15.3 1.9 – – 16 41.1 0.0
Estonia 12.2 – – – 82 93 93 7.0 <0.1
Ethiopia 6.0 38.4 9.9 2.8 11 – <5 34.0 0.0
Fiji 7.2 – – – – – 40 10.5 0.4
Finland 12.8 – – – 97 92 >95 aq 6.5 <0.1
France 15.3 – – – 93 92 >95 aq 12.4 <0.1
Gabon 7.0 17.5 3.4 7.7 – – 79 37.8 0.0
Gambia 10.6 25.0 11.1 3.2 – – <5 32.3 <0.1
Georgia 10.5 11.3 1.6 19.9 73 – 78 24.0 0.1
Germany 21.4 – – – 99 95 >95 aq 11.9 <0.1
Ghana 7.1 18.8 4.7 2.6 27 – 22 31.1 0.2
Greece 9.1 – – – 99 75 94 16.4 0.2
Grenada 7.4 – – – – – >95 21.8 0.2
Guatemala 14.9 46.5 0.7 4.7 61 – 45 24.2 0.2
Guinea 2.7 32.4 8.1 4.0 – – <5 22.2 0.0
Guinea–Bissau 9.5 27.6 6.0 2.3 – – <5 26.5 0.0
Guyana 7.8 12.0 6.4 5.3 – – 74 21.6 <0.1
Haiti 3.3 21.9 5.2 3.6 – – <5 14.7 1.3
Honduras 11.3 22.7 1.4 5.2 – – 53 21.5 <0.1
Hungary 9.7 – – – 82 76 >95 aq 16.3 <0.1
Iceland 16.4 – – – 98 69 >95 aq 5.9 0.0
India 3.4 38.4 21.0 2.1 – – 41 ak 68.0 ak 0.2
Indonesia 7.4 36.4 13.5 11.5 – – 58 16.4 <0.1
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 22.6 6.8 4.0 – 91 – >95 34.4 0.1
Iraq 1.7 22.6 7.4 11.8 – 32 >95 60.1 <0.1
Ireland 18.4 – – – 99 70 >95 aq 8.7 <0.1
Israel – – – – 99 93 >95 ak,aq 19.4 ak <0.1
Italy 13.4 – – – 94 95 >95 aq 15.7 0.2
Jamaica 12.6 6.2 3.6 8.5 – – 90 13.6 0.0
Japan – 7.1 2.3 1.5 97 100 >95 aq 11.8 <0.1
Jordan 12.4 7.8 2.4 4.7 93 77 >95 31.7 0.0
Kazakhstan 10.9 8.0 3.1 9.3 – – >95 14.5 <0.1
Kenya 6.3 26.0 4.0 4.1 – – 13 25.8 <0.1
Kiribati 6.3 – – – – – 6 10.9 0.0
Kuwait 6.2 4.9 3.1 6.0 ap 100 100 >95 aq 58.9 <0.1
Kyrgyzstan 9.9 12.9 2.8 7.0 66 – 81 17.4 0.3
Lao People's Democratic 3.8 43.8 6.4 2.0 – – 6 25.5 <0.1
Republic
Latvia 8.9 – – – 82 78 >95 14.4 <0.1
Lebanon 14.3 – – – 48 20 – 30.7 0.0
Lesotho 9.3 33.2 2.8 7.4 – – 36 28.1 0.0
Liberia 2.7 32.1 5.6 3.2 – – <5 17.0 0.0
Libya – 21.0 6.5 22.4 – 26 – 41.7 <0.1
Lithuania 12.2 – – – 92 61 >95 ak,aq 12.3 ak 0.4
Luxembourg 12.1 – – – 98 94 >95 aq
10.4 0.0
Madagascar 15.6 49.2 – – – – <5 22.5 0.2
Malawi 10.8 37.1 2.7 4.5 – – <5 21.9 0.2
Malaysia 8.3 20.7 11.5 6.0 92 82 >95 17.3 <0.1
Maldives 22.8 20.3 10.2 6.5 – – 94 7.7 0.0
Mali 4.5 30.4 13.5 1.9 – – <5 29.0 <0.1
Malta 14.2 – – – 100 93 >95 aq 14.0 <0.1

78 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

 16.1 17.19.2

Estimated
Mortality direct deaths
rate due to from major Completeness
homicidec,m conflictsc,m,ac,ad of cause-of-
(per 100 000 (per 100 000 death datac,m,ae
population) population) (%)
Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates estimates estimates
2016 2012–2016 2007–2016 Member State
9.3 <0.1 81 Ecuador
4.8 0.6 94 Egypt
46.0 0.0 92 El Salvador
3.4 0.0 – Equatorial Guinea
7.8 0.0 – Eritrea
3.7 <0.1 100 Estonia
7.8 0.2 – Ethiopia
2.5 0.0 100 Fiji
1.3 <0.1 100 Finland
0.9 <0.1 100 France
8.8 0.0 – Gabon
9.3 0.0 – Gambia
4.6 <0.1 90 Georgia
0.7 <0.1 100 Germany
9.7 0.0 – Ghana
1.1 <0.1 100 Greece
6.3 0.0 100 Grenada
25.8 <0.1 100 Guatemala
8.9 0.2 – Guinea
9.2 <0.1 – Guinea–Bissau
18.8 0.2 90 Guyana
28.0 0.0 – Haiti
55.5 <0.1 14 Honduras
1.3 <0.1 100 Hungary
1.2 <0.1 100 Iceland
4.1 <0.1 10 ar India
4.5 <0.1 – Indonesia
4.5 <0.1 88 Iran (Islamic Republic of)
15.5 86.3 78 ar Iraq
0.8 0.0 100 Ireland
1.8 0.3 100 Israel
0.8 <0.1 100 Italy
39.1 0.0 88 ar Jamaica
0.3 <0.1 100 Japan
2.9 <0.1 59 Jordan
8.1 <0.1 87 Kazakhstan
5.3 0.7 – Kenya
9.1 0.0 56 Kiribati
2.7 0.2 59 Kuwait
5.8 <0.1 96 Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Democratic
7.0 <0.1 – Republic
6.0 0.0 100 Latvia
4.5 3.3 – Lebanon
35.0 <0.1 – Lesotho
10.0 0.0 – Liberia
2.5 28.7 – Libya
5.9 0.0 100 Lithuania
0.2 0.0 100 Luxembourg
6.9 <0.1 – Madagascar
1.5 0.0 – Malawi
4.1 <0.1 52 Malaysia
3.4 0.9 94 ar Maldives
11.3 3.9 – Mali
0.9 0.0 100 Malta

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 79

 1.a 2.2 6.1 6.2 7.1 11.6 13.1

ANNEX B Domestic
general
Part 3 government
health
expenditure Proportion of Annual mean
(GGHE-D) as population Proportion of concentrations Average
percentage using safely population Proportion of of fine death rate
of general Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence of managed using safely population with particulate due to natural
government of stunting of wasting overweight drinking- managed primary reliance matter (PM2.5) in disastersc,m,ac
expenditure in children in children in children water sanitation on clean fuelst urban areast (per 100 000
(GGE)d,z (%) under 5aa (%) under 5aa (%) under 5aa (%) servicesab (%) servicesab (%) (%) (µg/m3) population)
Data type Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates Primary data Primary data Primary data estimates estimates estimates estimates estimates
Member State 2015 2007–2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2015 2015 2016 2016 2012–2016
Marshall Islands 21.2 – – – – – 65 – –
Mauritania 5.5 27.9 14.8 1.3 – – 47 41.7 <0.1
Mauritius 9.9 – – – – – 93 13.5 0.2
Mexico 11.3 12.4 1.0 5.2 43 45 85 20.9 0.1
Micronesia (Federated 6.1 – – – – – 12 10.5 1.3
States of)
Monaco 8.1 – – – 100 100 >95 aq 12.2 –
Mongolia 6.0 10.8 1.0 10.5 – – 43 49.5 0.0
Montenegro 8.8 9.4 2.8 22.3 90 – 69 19.3 0.0
Morocco 7.7 14.9 2.3 10.7 69 38 >95 31.1 <0.1
Mozambique 1.2 43.1 6.1 7.9 – – <5 18.4 0.2
Myanmar 4.9 29.2 7.0 1.3 – – 18 34.6 <0.1
Namibia 12.9 23.1 7.1 4.1 – – 42 21.0 0.0
Nauru 5.2 24.0 1.0 2.8 – – 91 12.5 –
Nepal 5.5 35.8 9.7 1.2 27 – 28 99.5 7.0
Netherlands 19.0 – – – 100 97 >95 aq 12.1 <0.1
New Zealand – – – – 100 76 >95 aq 5.8 <0.1
Nicaragua 17.4 17.3 2.2 8.3 59 – 52 19.0 0.1
Niger 4.6 42.2 10.3 3.0 – 9 <5 73.0 0.2
Nigeria 5.3 43.6 10.8 1.5 19 – <5 46.3 <0.1
Niue 2.2 – – – 97 – 93 – –
Norway 17.5 – – – 95 78 >95 aq 7.8 <0.1
Oman 6.7 14.1 7.5 4.4 88 – >95 36.2 0.0
Pakistan 3.7 45.0 10.5 4.8 36 – 43 56.2 0.3
Palau 13.1 – – – – 20 87 12.4 –
Panama 11.3 19.1 1.2 – – – 89 12.0 0.3
Papua New Guinea 8.7 49.5 14.3 13.8 – – 13 11.5 0.2
Paraguay 10.8 5.6 1.0 12.4 – – 66 11.7 <0.1
Peru 14.4 13.1 1.0 7.2 50 30 75 29.0 <0.1
Philippines 7.4 33.4 7.1 3.9 – – 43 18.7 2.1
Poland 10.7 – – – 94 77 >95 aq 21.5 <0.1
Portugal 12.3 – – – 95 62 >95 ak,aq 8.1 ak <0.1
Qatar 6.3 – – – – 88 >95 91.7 0.0
Republic of Korea 12.9 2.5 am 1.2 am 7.3 am 98 98 >95 24.7 <0.1
Republic of Moldova 12.2 6.4 1.9 4.9 70 – 92 16.5 <0.1
Romania 10.8 – – – 82 57 86 15.4 0.1
Russian Federation 9.6 – – – 76 – >95 14.7 <0.1
Rwanda 6.2 36.7 1.7 7.7 – – <5 40.7 <0.1
Saint Kitts and Nevis 6.5 – – – – – >95 aq 12.3 –
Saint Lucia 8.5 2.5 3.7 6.3 – – >95 21.2 0.7
Saint Vincent and the 10.0 – – – – – >95 21.4 2.2
Grenadines
Samoa 11.5 4.7 3.7 5.4 – – 32 10.9 1.2
San Marino 14.3 – – – 100 78 >95 aq 13.4 –
Sao Tome and Principe 10.7 17.2 4.0 2.4 – – 17 25.2 0.0
Saudi Arabia 10.1 – – – – 84 >95 86.7 <0.1
Senegal 4.2 17.0 7.2 0.9 – 24 32 39.7 <0.1
Serbia 12.3 6.0 3.9 13.9 88 24 76 24.7 0.1
Seychelles 10.0 7.9 ao 4.3 ao 10.2 ao – – 90 18.6 0.0
Sierra Leone 7.9 37.9 9.4 8.9 – – <5 20.6 0.0
Singapore 12.0 – – – 100 100 >95 aq 18.3 0.0
Slovakia 12.0 – – – 93 82 >95 18.0 <0.1
Slovenia 12.7 – – – 98 76 >95 16.4 <0.1
Solomon Islands 10.6 31.6 7.9 3.9 – – 8 11.5 2.0
Somalia – 25.3 15.0 3.0 – 14 <5 28.0 0.3
South Africa 14.1 27.4 2.5 13.3 – – 85 24.3 <0.1

80 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

 16.1 17.19.2

Estimated
Mortality direct deaths
rate due to from major Completeness
homicidec,m conflictsc,m,ac,ad of cause-of-
(per 100 000 (per 100 000 death datac,m,ae
population) population) (%)
Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates estimates estimates
2016 2012–2016 2007–2016 Member State
– – – Marshall Islands
11.0 0.0 – Mauritania
1.6 0.0 98 Mauritius
16.9 2.1 100 Mexico
Micronesia (Federated
4.8 0.0 – States of)
– – 100 Monaco
8.9 0.0 84 Mongolia
2.6 0.0 94 ar Montenegro
1.4 0.0 29 Morocco
2.5 0.1 – Mozambique
4.1 1.9 – Myanmar
18.3 0.0 – Namibia
– – – Nauru
3.3 <0.1 – Nepal
0.7 0.2 100 Netherlands
1.1 <0.1 100 New Zealand
13.9 <0.1 78 Nicaragua
10.4 1.2 – Niger
9.8 4.1 – Nigeria
– – – Niue
0.6 <0.1 100 Norway
5.2 0.0 73 Oman
9.6 6.9 – Pakistan
– – 95 Palau
20.5 0.0 92 Panama
10.2 0.1 – Papua New Guinea
8.6 0.1 80 Paraguay
11.6 <0.1 57 Peru
14.8 1.6 89 ar Philippines
0.9 <0.1 100 Poland
1.2 0.0 100 Portugal
7.4 0.0 55 Qatar
1.3 0.5 100 Republic of Korea
5.3 0.0 83 Republic of Moldova
1.6 <0.1 100 Romania
11.3 0.3 100 Russian Federation
5.5 0.3 – Rwanda
– – 88 Saint Kitts and Nevis
15.6 0.0 94 Saint Lucia

13.8 <0.1 100 Saint Vincent and the

Grenadines
3.2 0.0 – Samoa
– – 100 San Marino
7.0 0.0 – Sao Tome and Principe
6.2 0.2 42 Saudi Arabia
7.8 <0.1 – Senegal
1.6 <0.1 95 Serbia
9.9 0.0 91 Seychelles
13.1 0.0 – Sierra Leone
0.2 <0.1 68 Singapore
1.3 0.0 100 Slovakia
0.7 0.1 100 Slovenia
4.3 0.0 – Solomon Islands
5.6 28.2 – Somalia
33.1 <0.1 92 South Africa

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 81

 1.a 2.2 6.1 6.2 7.1 11.6 13.1

ANNEX B Domestic
general
Part 3 government
health
expenditure Proportion of Annual mean
(GGHE-D) as population Proportion of concentrations Average
percentage using safely population Proportion of of fine death rate
of general Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence of managed using safely population with particulate due to natural
government of stunting of wasting overweight drinking- managed primary reliance matter (PM2.5) in disastersc,m,ac
expenditure in children in children in children water sanitation on clean fuelst urban areast (per 100 000
(GGE)d,z (%) under 5aa (%) under 5aa (%) under 5aa (%) servicesab (%) servicesab (%) (%) (µg/m3) population)
Data type Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates Primary data Primary data Primary data estimates estimates estimates estimates estimates
Member State 2015 2007–2016 2007–2016 2007–2016 2015 2015 2016 2016 2012–2016
South Sudan 1.6 31.1 22.7 6.0 – – <5 40.9 0.3
Spain 14.9 – – – 98 97 >95 aq 9.8 <0.1
Sri Lanka 7.9 17.3 15.1 2.0 – – 26 15.1 0.3
Sudan 18.1 38.2 16.3 3.0 – – 41 46.8 <0.1
Suriname 10.5 8.8 5.0 4.0 – – 90 25.8 0.0
Swaziland 14.9 25.5 2.0 9.0 – – 50 16.2 0.2
Sweden 18.4 – – – 98 92 >95 aq 6.1 <0.1
Switzerland 25.2 – – – 95 99 >95 aq 10.4 0.2
Syrian Arab Republic – 27.5 11.5 17.9 – – >95 37.4 0.0
Tajikistan 6.1 26.8 9.9 6.6 47 – 80 42.8 <0.1
Thailand 16.6 10.5 5.4 8.2 – – 74 26.6 <0.1
The former Yugoslav 12.1 4.9 1.8 12.4 83 – 66 33.0 <0.1
Republic of Macedonia
Timor–Leste 4.2 50.2 11.0 1.5 – – 7 18.2 0.0
Togo 5.7 27.5 6.7 2.0 – – 7 31.2 0.0
Tonga 8.4 8.1 5.2 17.3 – – 59 10.2 0.0
Trinidad and Tobago 8.5 11.0 6.3 11.5 – – >95 22.4 0.0
Tunisia 13.6 10.1 2.8 14.3 93 73 >95 35.7 0.0
Turkey 10.1 9.5 1.7 10.9 – 44 – 41.2 <0.1
Turkmenistan 8.7 11.5 4.2 5.9 86 – >95 24.2 0.0
Tuvalu 12.1 10.0 3.3 6.3 – 9 50 – –
Uganda 5.6 28.9 3.6 3.7 6 – <5 48.7 <0.1
Ukraine 8.3 – – – 92 – >95 19.4 <0.1
United Arab Emirates 8.0 – – – – 93 >95 37.2 0.0
United Kingdom 18.5 – – – 96 98 >95 aq 10.6 <0.1
United Republic of 7.4 34.4 4.5 3.6 – – <5 25.1 <0.1
Tanzania
United States of America 22.6 2.1 0.5 6.0 99 89 >95 aq
7.6 <0.1
Uruguay 20.0 10.7 am 1.3 am 7.2 am – 64 >95 8.7 <0.1
Uzbekistan 9.3 – – – – – 92 28.9 <0.1
Vanuatu 11.8 28.5 4.4 4.6 – – 13 11.0 0.9
Venezuela (Bolivarian 3.1 13.4 an
4.1 an
6.4 an
– 19 >95 16.8 <0.1
Republic of)
Viet Nam 7.9 24.6 6.4 5.3 – – 67 30.1 <0.1
Yemen 2.2 46.5 16.3 2.0 – – 65 44.3 <0.1
Zambia 6.8 40.0 6.3 6.2 – – 16 23.8 0.0
Zimbabwe 8.1 26.8 3.2 5.6 – – 29 19.1 0.2

WHO region
African Region 6.9 33.6 7.0 3.7 26 – 17 35.5 <0.1
Region of the Americas 12.0 6.3 0.9 7.2 82 43 92 13.4 0.1
South-East Asia Region 8.5 33.0 15.2 3.4 – – 41 57.3 0.2
European Region 12.5 – – – 91 67 >95 17.6 <0.1
Eastern Mediterranean 8.5 24.6 9.1 6.8 56 – 71 54.0 0.2
Region
Western Pacific Region 8.8 6.9 2.3 5.3 – 57 63 42.9 0.2

Global 9.9 22.2 7.5 5.6 71 39 59 39.6 0.1

82 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

 16.1 17.19.2

Estimated
Mortality direct deaths
rate due to from major Completeness
homicidec,m conflictsc,m,ac,ad of cause-of-
(per 100 000 (per 100 000 death datac,m,ae
population) population) (%)
Comparable Comparable Comparable
estimates estimates estimates
2016 2012–2016 2007–2016 Member State
5.1 19.4 – South Sudan
0.7 <0.1 100 Spain
3.0 <0.1 – Sri Lanka
6.2 8.3 – Sudan
10.0 0.0 80 Suriname
20.0 0.0 – Swaziland
1.0 <0.1 100 Sweden
0.5 <0.1 100 Switzerland
2.5 430.8 83 ar Syrian Arab Republic
1.3 <0.1 87 Tajikistan
5.0 0.4 85 Thailand
The former Yugoslav
1.5 <0.1 100 Republic of Macedonia
5.1 0.0 – Timor–Leste
9.3 0.0 – Togo
4.6 0.0 – Tonga
42.2 0.0 84 ar Trinidad and Tobago
1.7 0.4 29 Tunisia
2.7 1.1 89 Turkey
4.2 <0.1 85 Turkmenistan
– – – Tuvalu
12.6 1.4 – Uganda
4.6 5.0 93 Ukraine
3.8 0.0 59 ar United Arab Emirates
1.3 <0.1 100 United Kingdom
United Republic of
7.7 <0.1 – Tanzania
6.5 0.2 100 United States of America
7.4 <0.1 100 Uruguay
1.9 <0.1 93 Uzbekistan
2.5 0.0 – Vanuatu
Venezuela (Bolivarian
49.2 0.3 89 Republic of)
3.8 0.0 – Viet Nam
6.1 21.6 – Yemen
10.1 0.0 – Zambia
15.1 <0.1 – Zimbabwe

WHO region
10.4 1.7 6 African Region
17.9 0.4 93 Region of the Americas
4.1 0.1 10 South-East Asia Region
3.3 0.4 98 European Region
Eastern Mediterranean
6.7 24.1 33 Region
1.9 0.1 64 Western Pacific Region

6.4 2.5 49 Global

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 83

a
World Population Prospects: the 2017 revision. New York (NY): United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2017.
b
Global Health Estimates 2016: Life expectancy, 2000–2016. Geneva, World Health Organization; 2018 (http://www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/
life_tables/en/).
c
WHO Member States with a population of less than 90 000 in 2016 were not included in the analysis.
d
Global Health Expenditure Database [online database]. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://apps.who.int/nha/database/Select/Indicators/en/, accessed
7 April 2018). Global and regional aggregates are unweighted averages.
e
WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015. Estimates by WHO, UNICEF,
UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/
publications/monitoring/maternal-mortality-2015/en/, accessed 29 March 2018). WHO Member States with a population of less than 100 000 in 2015 were
not included in the analysis.
f
Joint UNICEF/WHO database 2018 of skilled health personnel, based on population-based national household survey data and routine health systems data. New
York (NY): United Nations Children’s Fund; 2018 (https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Interagency-SAB-Database_UNICEF_WHO_Apr-2018.
xlsx).
g
Levels & Trends in Child Mortality. Report 2017. Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. United Nations Children’s
Fund, World Health Organization, World Bank and United Nations. New York (NY): United Nations Children’s Fund; 2017 (http://www.childmortality.org/files_
v21/download/IGME%20report%202017%20child%20mortality%20final.pdf, accessed 29 March 2018).
h
AIDSinfo [online database]. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (http://aidsinfo.unaids.org/, accessed 30 March 2018), and HIV/
AIDS [online database]. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/hiv/epidemic_status/incidence/
en/, accessed 30 March 2018).
Global tuberculosis report 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/, accessed 30 March 2018).
i

j
World malaria report 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 (http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2017/report/en/,
accessed 30 March 2018).
k
Global and Country Estimates of immunization coverage and chronic HBV infection [online database]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 23 March 2017
update (http://whohbsagdashboard.com/#global-strategies, accessed 30 March 2018). This indicator is used here as a proxy for the SDG indicator.
l
Neglected tropical diseases [online database]. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/
neglected_diseases/en/, accessed 30 March 2018).
m
Global Health Estimates 2016: Deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000–2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. (http://www.who.
int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index1.html).
n
WHO Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) [online database]. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization
(http://www.who.int/gho/alcohol/en/, accessed 30 March 2018).
o
Global status report on road safety 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_
status/2015/en/, accessed 30 March 2018). WHO Member States with a population of less than 90 000 in 2015 who did not participate in the survey used to
produce the report were not included in the analysis.
p
Data by country, pertaining to women aged 15-49 years who were married or in union, extracted by WHO from World Contraceptive Use 2018 [online database].
New York (NY): United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2018 (http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/
publications/dataset/contraception/wcu2018.shtml, accessed 2 May 2018). Global and regional aggregates are estimates for the year 2018 from: Model-based
Estimates and Projections of Family Planning Indicators 2018. New York (NY): United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division;
2018 (http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/theme/family-planning/cp_model.shtml, accessed 2 May 2018).
q
Data by country extracted by WHO from World Fertility Data 2017 [online database]. New York (NY): United Nations, Department of Economic and Social
Affairs, Population Division; November 2017 (http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/dataset/fertility/wfd2017.shtml, accessed
21 March 2018). Global and regional aggregates refer to a five-year period, 2015–2020, from: World Population Prospects: the 2017 Revision. New York (NY):
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2017 (https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Fertility/, accessed
16 February 2018).
r
Tracking universal health coverage: 2017 global monitoring report. Geneva and Washington (DC): World Health Organization and the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank; 2017 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259817/9789241513555-eng.pdf?sequence=1,
accessed 30 March 2018). WHO Member States with a population of less than 90 000 in 2015 were not included in the analysis.
s
Tracking universal health coverage: 2017 global monitoring report. Geneva and Washington (DC): World Health Organization and the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank; 2017 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259817/9789241513555-eng.pdf?sequence=1,
accessed 30 March 2018). Global and regional aggregates refer to year 2010.
t
Public health and environment [online database]. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/phe/
en/).
u
WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco smoking, 2nd edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (upcoming).
v
WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage [online database]. July 2017 revision (http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/
routine/coverage/en/index4.html, accessed 30 March 2018).

84 WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS: 2018

w
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD.Stat [online database]. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(http://stats.oecd.org/, accessed 19 January 2018).
x
WHO Global Health Workforce Statistics [online database]. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://who.int/hrh/
statistics/hwfstats/en/, accessed 30 March 2018). Country comparisons are affected by differences in the occupations included in the cadre. Please refer to the
source for country-specific definitions and other descriptive metadata.
y
International Health Regulations (2005) Monitoring Framework [online database]. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: WHO (http://www.who.int/
gho/ihr/en/). Global and regional aggregates are for the year 2017.
z
This indicator is presented here as it could constitute the health-related portion of the SDG indicator 1.a.2.
aa
Levels and trends in child malnutrition. UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. New York (NY), Geneva and Washington (DC):
United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization and the World Bank Group; 2018. Global and regional aggregates are for the year 2017.
ab
Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene – 2017 update and SDG baselines. Geneva and New York (NY): World Health Organization and United Nations
Children’s Fund; 2017 (https://washdata.org/sites/default/files/documents/reports/2018-01/JMP-2017-report-final.pdf, accessed 31 March 2018) and Water
and sanitation [online database]. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/mdg/environmental_
sustainability/en/). Comparable estimates are only shown for countries with recent primary data.
ac
The death rate is an average over the five-year period.
ad
Conflict deaths include deaths due to collective violence and exclude deaths due to legal intervention.
ae
Completeness was assessed relative to the de facto resident populations and refer to the latest available value for the period 2007–2016. Global and regional
aggregates are for 2016.
af
Non-standard definition. For more details see the Joint UNICEF/WHO database 2018 of skilled health personnel (https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/
uploads/2018/02/Interagency-SAB-Database_UNICEF_WHO_Apr-2018.xlsx).
ag
Proportion of institutional births (%) used as a proxy for the SDG indicator.
ah
Updated estimate.
ai
Preliminary data.
aj
Deviation from standard question or measurement method. For more details see World Contraceptive Use 2018 (http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/
population/publications/dataset/contraception/wcu2018.shtml).
ak
Under country consultation as of May 2018.
al
Data refer to year 2016. Data for 2017 were submitted in a format that could not be included in the analysis.
am
Survey data did not cover the 0–59 months age range. Data were adjusted for comparability.
an
Conversion of estimates based on the old NCHS/WHO references to WHO Child Growth Standards when raw data were not available to allow comparability.
ao
Data are from a facility-based surveillance system, which include 80% of health centres in the country.
ap
Prevalence of overweight was calculated using BMI-for-age z-scores.
aq
For high-income countries with no information on clean fuel use, usage is assumed to be >95%.
ar
Completeness refers to year prior to 2012.
as
Data are from the Nutrition Survey System, which covers 25 provinces.

MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs 85

ANNEX C
WHO regional groupings

WHO African Region: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa,
South Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

WHO Region of the Americas: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State
of), Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela
(Bolivarian Republic of).

WHO South-East Asia Region: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, India, Indonesia, Maldives,
Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste.

WHO European Region: Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Tajikistan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uzbekistan.

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jordan,
Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia,
United Arab Emirates, Yemen.

WHO Western Pacific Region: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Japan, Kiribati, Lao
People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Mongolia, Nauru, New
Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tonga,
Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Viet Nam.

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