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Contents
Generals on LTE-Advanced
Overview of LTE-Advanced Technologies
More details on LTE-Advanced Component
Technologies
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술 2
LTE-Advanced : Generals
Definition of LTE-Advanced
Major milestones for LTE-Advanced
Requirements and targets for LTE-Advanced
Current status of LTE-Advanced
Self Evaluation Results
Bands identified for IMT-Advanced
3GPP specification releases
Cited from 3GPP, RP-091005, Proposal for Candidate Radio Interface Technologies for IMT-Advanced Based on LTE Release 10 and Beyond
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
GSM/GPRS/EDGE enhancements
Release 99 W-CDMA
What is LTE-Advanced?
System now under study in 3GPP aiming toward IMT-Advanced within
WP5D time line
Formal name: Advanced E-UTRA /Advanced E-UTRAN
Evolution from 3GPP LTE specifications, not a revolution
Comparable potential of 3GPP LTE with target requirements of IMT-advanced
Fast and efficient correspondence against the timeline of WP5D’s specification
and commercialization for IMT-advanced
Cost-efficient support for backward and forward compatibility between LTE and
LTE-A
Natural evolution of LTE (LTE release 10 & beyond)
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술 5
Detailed Timeline for ITU-R
Detailed Timelines for ITU-R Steps 1- 4
RAN #39 RAN #40 RAN #41 RAN #42 RAN #43 RAN #44 RAN #45 RAN #46 RAN #47
3GPP LTE-
3GPP LTE-
Advanced 3GPP LTE- LTE-Advanced
Advanced Specifications
Complete Advanced Final
Early to ITU-R
Technical Submission to
Submission to ~ Jan 2011
Submission to ITU-R including
ITU-R 3GPP work on ITU-R Step 3 [~Release 10 ]
ITU-R Updated
Technology Submission [~RAN #50 12/10]
Technical
Initiate Submission &
3GPP LTE- Required Self-
Advanced Evaluation 3GPP Q&A with
Self-Evaluation evaluation
groups
(as required)
IMT-Advanced
Evaluation Evaluation of
INDUSTRY Group(s) ITU-R
Submissions
Formed
(notify ITU-R)
Steps 1 & 2
WP 5D #1 WP 5D #2 WP 5D #3 Circular Letter & Development of Candidate RITs WP 5D #6
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
IMT-Advanced Process
WP 5D
2008 2009 2010 2011
No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 No.6 No.7 No.8 No.9 No.10
meetings
Step1 and 2
(0) (20 months)
Step 3
(8 months) (1)
Step 4
(16 months) (2)
Steps 5,6 and 7
(20 months) (3)
Steps 8
(12 months) (4)
Steps in radio interface development process:
Step 1: Issuance of the circular letter Step 5: Review and coordination of outside evaluation activities
Step 2: Development of candidate RITs and SRITs Step 6: Review to assess compliance with minimum requirements
Step 3: Submission/Reception of the RIT and SRIT proposals Step 7: Consideration of evaluation results, consensus building
and acknowledgement of receipt and decision
Step 4: Evaluation of candidate RITs and SRITs Step 8: Development of radio interface Recommendation(s)
by evaluation groups
Critical milestones in radio interface development process:
(0): Issue an invitation to propose RITs March 2008 (2): Cut off for evaluation report to ITU June 2010
(1): ITU proposed cut off for submission October 2009 (3): WP 5D decides framework and key October 2010
of candidate RIT and SRIT proposals characteristics of IMT-Advanced RITs and SRITs
(4): WP 5D completes development of radio February 2011
interface specification Recommendations
IMT-Advanced A2-01
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Major Milestones for LTE-Advanced
Major milestones for LTE-Advanced in 3GPP
1st workshop in November 2007 – Cancun
Approval of LTE-Advanced study item: Rapporteur: NTT DoCoMo
2nd workshop in April 2008 – Shenzhen
3rd workshop in May 2008 – Prague
Approval of LTE-A requirement TR: TR 36.913 v8.0.0 approved in RAN#40 in May
Early proposal to ITU-R WP5D in October 2008
Complete submission to ITU-R in June 2009 (WP5D #5)
Approval for RAN TR (TR 36.912) for ITU-R submission in September, 2009
Final proposal update to ITU-R in October 2009 (WP5D #6)
Study item completion in March 2010
LTE-Advanced function block work items started in December, 2009, irrespective of completion for LTE-Advanced study item
Initial approval of LTE-A (Rel-10 specification) will be done in December, 2010
Functional freezing will be done at the same time in December next year
ASN.1 freezing is expected to be done in March or June 2011
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Agreed upon Time Plan for Rel-10
12.09 3.10 6.10 9.10 12.10 3.11 6.11
Expected
RAN1 has to complete their Functional
specification by Sept. 10 freeze
(only 9 month) In RAN1
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Documents Related to LTE-Advanced
TR (Technical Report)
TR 36.806
Technical report for relay architecture
TR 36.814 (RAN1 technical report)
Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Further
advancements for E-UTRA Physical layer aspects
TR 36.815
LTE-Advanced feasibility studies in RAN WG4
TR 36.912 (RAN technical report)
Feasibility study for Further Advancements for E-UTRA (LTE-
Advanced)
TR 36.913
Requirements for further advancements for Evolved Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
RAN TR for LTE-Advanced
TR 36.912: RAN plenary TR for LTE-Advanced study item
RP-090743: TR36.912 v9.0.0
Approved in RAN #45
Will be submitted to ITU-R after PCG approval
Contents
1. Scope
2. References
3. Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
4. Introduction
5. Support of wider bandwidth
6. Uplink transmission scheme
7. Downlink transmission scheme
8. CoMP
9. Relaying
10. Improvement for latency
11. Radio transmission and reception
12. Mobility enhancements
13. TS 36.133 requirements enhancements
14. MBMS enhancements
15. SON enhancements
16. Self-evaluation report on “LTE Rel.10 & beyond (LTE-Advanced)”
Annexs
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Requirements for LTE-Advanced [1]
General requirement
LTE-Advanced is an evolution of LTE
LTE-Advanced shall meet or exceed IMT-Advanced
requirements within the ITU-R time plan
Extended LTE-Advanced targets are adopted
LTE-Advanced
targets
Performance
IMT-Advanced
System
Rel. 8 LTE
Time
Cited from 3GPP, RP-091005, Proposal for Candidate Radio Interface Technologies for IMT-Advanced Based on LTE Release 10 and Beyond
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Requirements for LTE-Advanced [2]
Comparison between IMT-Advanced and LTE-Advanced
LTE-Advanced should at least fulfill or exceed IMT-Advanced requirements
ITU Requirement 3GPP Requirement
1Gbps in DL
Peak data rates
500Mbps in UL
Average spectrum efficiency Set for four scenarios and several antenna configurations
See next slide for case 1 requirement
Cell edge spectrum effciency
VoIP capacity Up to200 UEs per 5MHz Improved compared to LTE
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Requirements for LTE-Advanced [3]
System performance requirements for IMT-Advanced
DL
3 2.6 2.2 1.1
Spectrum (4x2 MIMO)
Efficiency UL
2.25 1.8 1.4 0.7
(2x4 MIMO)
DL
Cell Edge 0.1 0.075 0.06 0.04
(4x2 MIMO)
Spectrum
UL
Efficiency 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.015
(2x4 MIMO)
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Requirements for LTE-Advanced [4]
System Performance Requirements from TR 36.913
Peak Spectral Efficiency:
DL 30bits/Hz (8x8 MIMO), UL 15bps/Hz (4x4 MIMO)
Seem to be easily achievable by means of extended utilization of # of antennas
Average Spectral Efficiency (SE) and Edge Spectral Efficiency for LTE Case-1
System performances of LTE Rel-8 are about 30% ~ 70% lower than 3GPP target
What would be key enabling technologies to fill up the gap between two?
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Frequency Bands Identified for LTE-A
WRC 07 identified some new IMT spectrum that is now under band planning
There should be either a clear FDD band plan or TDD band plan
Existing
IMT
identified
New
Global
5150 450 790 806 890915
470 698 925960
New 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Region 2
3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Current Status of LTE-Advanced
Status related to IMT-Advanced submission
Early proposal in October 2008
Main purpose was to inform ITU-R of 3GPP’s resolution for IMT-Advanced and provide
updated status of LTE-Advanced to ITU-R
Complete technology submission in June 2009
Initial proposal submission from 3GPP
Compliant with the formal form of submissition requested by ITU-R
Separate RIT for FDD and TDD
Performance results were not included in the submission
Final submission in October 2009
Final proposal update to ITU-R
Self evaluation results for LTE-Advanced were included
Status of LTE-Advanced in 3GPP
Study item has been formally completed in last RAN plenary meeting in March
Several new work items with respect to LTE-Advanced were created, targetting
Rel’10 time frame
Carrier aggregation work item: created in December 2009
Enhanced DL MIMO work item: created in December 2009
UL MIMO work item: created in December 2009
Relay work item: created in December 2009
Enhanced ICIC for non-ca based HetNet: created in March 2010
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Self-Evaluation Activities in 3GPP
RAN1 activities with respect to self evaluations for LTE-Advanced
List of companies who submitted self evaluation results:
Alcatel-Lucent, CATT, CMCC, Ericsson, Fujitsu, Hitachi, Huawei, LGE,
Motorola, NEC, Nokia, NTT DOCOMO, Panasonic, Qualcomm, RITT,
Samsung, Texas Instruments, ZTE
How to capture self evaluation results from a lot of companies
Since different companies have somewhat different assumptions on the
overhead, the group had to make decision on the common assumption for the
overhead so that the results from different companies can be comparable with
each other
What kinds of features should be prioritized?
LTE-Advanced is based on LTE Rel.8 and it is the long term evolution of LTE, thus
It is good to inform that LTE Rel.8 can fulfill the most of requirements without any
enhanced techniques.
It is also good to inform that only small updates from Rel.8 can fulfill the requirements
even in the very tough conditions (UMi and Uma).
Thus, Rel-8 performance is captured if it fulfills the requirements.
If Rel-8 cannot meet the req. , we should prioritize ones with small extension
from Rel-8, i.e.,
DL: Rel-8 > MUMIMO > CS/BF-CoMP and JP-CoMP
UL: Rel-8 > MUMIMO, SUMIMO and CoMP
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Summary of Self-Evaluation Results
From the self evaluation activities, it was found that
For LTE Release 10,
FDD RIT Component meets the minimum requirements of all 4 required test
environments
TDD RIT Component meets the minimum requirements of all 4 required test
environments
The complete SRIT meets the minimum requirements of all 4 required test
environments.
Baseline configuration exceeding ITU-R requirements with minimum extension
LTE release 8 fulfills the requirements in most cases (no extensions needed)
Extensions to Multi-user MIMO from Release 8 fulfills the requirements in some scenarios
(Urban Macro/Micro DL)
More advanced configurations, e.g. CoMP, with further enhanced performance
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Self-Evaluation Results [1]
Peak spectrum efficiency
DL peak spectrum efficiency
FDD spectral efficiency TDD spectral efficiency
Scheme
(bps/Hz) (bps/Hz)
ITU requirement 15 15
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Self-Evaluation Results [2]
Indoor Hotspot / downlink / FDD
LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
Rel-8 SU-MIMO
3 / 0.1 15 4.8 4.5 4.1 0.23 0.21 0.19
4X2 (A)
MU-MIMO
3 / 0.1 3 6.6 6.1 5.5 0.26 0.24 0.22
4X2 (C)
Rel-8 SU-MIMO
3 / 0.1 10 4.7 4.4 4.1 0.22 0.20 0.19
4X2 (A)
MU-MIMO
3 / 0.1 4 6.5 6.1 5.7 0.23 0.22 0.20
4X2 (C)
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Self-Evaluation Results [3]
Indoor Hotspot / uplink / FDD
LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
ITU requirement Number of
Scheme and antenna conf. Cell average Cell edge
(Ave./Edge) samples
Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (A) 2.5 / 0.07 13 3.3 0.23
Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) 2.5 / 0.07 10 3.3 0.24
Rel-8 MU-MIMO 1X4 (A) 2.5 / 0.07 2 5.8 0.42
SU-MIMO 2X4 (A) 2.5 / 0.07 5 4.3 0.25
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Self-Evaluation Results [4]
Urban Micro/downlink/FDD:Single cell MU-MIMO meets the requirement
ITU Number Cell average Cell edge
Scheme and antenna
requirement of
conf. L=1 L=2 L=3 L=1 L=2 L=3
(Ave./Edge) samples
MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) 2.6 / 0.075 8 3.5 3.2 2.9 0.11 0.096 0.087
MU-MIMO 4X2 (A) 2.6 / 0.075 3 3.4 3.1 2.8 0.12 0.11 0.099
CS/BF-CoMP 4X2 (C) 2.6 / 0.075 5 3.6 3.3 3.0 0.11 0.10 0.089
JP-CoMP 4X2 (C) 2.6 / 0.075 1 4.5 4.1 3.7 0.14 0.13 0.12
MU-MIMO 8X2 (C/E) 2.6 / 0.075 4 4.2 3.8 3.5 0.15 0.14 0.13
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Self-Evaluation Results [5]
Urban Micro / uplink / FDD: LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
ITU requirement Number of
Scheme and antenna conf. Cell average Cell edge
(Ave./Edge) samples
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Self-Evaluation Results [6]
Urban Macro / downlink / FDD: Single cell MU-MIMO (4x2) meets the requirement
Urban Macro / downlink / TDD: Single cell MU-MIMO (4x2) meets the requirement
MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) 2.2 / 0.06 7 2.8 2.6 2.4 0.076 0.071 0.067
CS/BF-CoMP 4X2 (C) 2.2 / 0.06 4 2.8 2.6 2.4 0.082 0.076 0.071
JP-CoMP 4X2 (C) 2.2 / 0.06 1 3.5 3.3 3.1 0.087 0.082 0.076
CS/BF-CoMP 8X2 (C/E) 2.2 / 0.06 3 3.5 3.3 3.1 0.10 0.093 0.087
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Self-Evaluation Results [7]
Urban Macro / uplink / FDD
LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
ITU requirement Number of
Scheme and antenna conf. Cell average Cell edge
(Ave./Edge) samples
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Self-Evaluation Results [8]
Rural Macro / downlink / FDD: LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
ITU Number Cell average Cell edge
Scheme and antenna conf. requirement of
(Ave./Edge) samples L=1 L=2 L=3 L=1 L=2 L=3
Rel-8 SU-MIMO 4X2 (C) 1.1 / 0.04 15 2.3 2.1 1.9 0.081 0.076 0.069
Rel-8 SU-MIMO 4X2 (A) 1.1 / 0.04 14 2.1 2.0 1.8 0.067 0.063 0.057
MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) 1.1 / 0.04 3 3.9 3.5 3.2 0.11 0.099 0.090
MU-MIMO 8X2 (C) 1.1 / 0.04 1 4.1 3.7 3.4 0.13 0.12 0.11
Rel-8 SU-MIMO 4X2 (C) 1.1 / 0.04 8 2.0 1.9 1.8 0.072 0.067 0.063
Rel-8 SU-MIMO 4X2 (A) 1.1 / 0.04 7 1.9 1.7 1.6 0.057 0.053 0.049
MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) 1.1 / 0.04 4 3.4 3.2 3.0 0.095 0.089 0.083
MU-MIMO 8X2 (C/E) 1.1 / 0.04 2 3.9 3.6 3.4 0.11 0.11 0.10
Rel-8 single-layer BF 8X2 (E) 1.1 / 0.04 4 2.4 2.3 2.1 0.11 0.10 0.093
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Self-Evaluation Results [9]
Rural Macro / uplink / FDD: LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
ITU requirement Number of
Scheme and antenna conf. Cell average Cell edge
(Ave./Edge) samples
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Self-Evaluation Results [10]
VoIP capacity: Rel-8 LTE meets all the requirements
FDD TDD
Antenna ITU
Scenarios
conf. requirement Number of Capacity Number of Capacity
samples (user/MHz/cell) samples (user/MHz/cell)
Urban Micro 40 3 80 2 74
(A)
Urban Macro 40 3 68 2 65
Rural Macro 30 3 91 2 86
Urban Micro 40 3 75 3 74
(C)
Urban Macro 40 3 69 3 67
Rural Macro 30 3 94 3 92
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Self-Evaluation Results [11]
Mobility Traffic Channel Link Data Rates
Rel-8 LTE can meet all the requirements
FDD TDD
Median
LOS/ ITU
Scenarios SINR UL spectrum UL spectrum
NLOS requirement Number of Number of
(dB) efficiency efficiency
samples samples
(bps/Hz) (bps/Hz)
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Overview of LTE-Advanced Technologies
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
LTE Enhancement Areas for LTE-Advanced
Spectrum Aggregation Advanced MIMO
High-order MIMO
UL SU-MIMO
Enhanced
DL/UL MU-MIMO
Sector 3 A D
B C
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Emerging Technologies for LTE-Advaced
Multihop Transmission (Relay) Multi-cell Cooperation (Collaborative MIMO)
Femto-cell
Controller
X2
Femto eNB
Interne
t
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
LTE-Advanced Improvements
A schematic view on LTE-Advanced improvements
LTE-Advanced
Data rate
Spectrum
Higher Order Aggregation
MIMO
LTE
CoMP
Coverage Extension
HeNB/Relay CoMP
SON
eNodeB
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Spectrum and Carrier Aggregation
Motivation
Higher data rate support in wider bandwidth
LTE-Advanced should extend up to 100MHz
Backward compatible co-existence with LTE and LTE-A in IMT carrier bands
Aggregation of muliple component carriers into overall wider bandwidth
Each component carrier can appear as LTE carrier to LTE UE
Two types of aggregation
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술 36
MIMO Enhancement for LTE-Advanced
DL MIMO enhancements
Design issues
8 Tx antennas
RS structure to support 8 Tx antennas
DM RS
CSI RS
# of codewords
Codebook design
Tx diversity in case of 8 Tx antennas
MU-MIMO enhancement scheme
UL MIMO enhancements
Design issues
UL SU-MIMO transmission
Up to 4Tx antenna
Reference signal design
Number of codewords
Tx diversity
UL MU-MIMO enhancement
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Uplink Multiple Access
Motivation
Problems of SC-FDMA
PAPR/CM gain is not so crucial for
UE without power limitation problem : mapping to a RB
Restricted flexibility due to “single-
carrier property” in scheduling and
Modulation
control channel design Symbols DFT
S/P
RE
IFFT
P/S
Time-domain
signal
However, low PAPR/CM of SC- for TrBlk A
Clustered-
mapping
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Relay [1]
Several types of data transmission between eNB and
UE Out of focus in LTE-Advanced study
UE Relaying
Conventional UE-eNB Tx/Rx
• Direct inter-UE connectivity
• Conventional single-hop Tx/Rx between UE • Autonomous ad-hoc network configuration
and eNB as a basic connection scheme and management
• Support of emergency call status
Wireless link
eNB connection
Relay
Node
Relay
Node Relay Node Tx/Rx
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Relay [2]
Exemplary use case for relay
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
CoMP [1]
CoMP stands for
coordinated multipoint
transmission
CoMP in Rel-10 time
frame
Agreed not to pursue
standardized CoMP
solution at least during
Rel-10 time frame
However, new study item
for CoMP was created
during last RAN plenary
meeting in March
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
CoMP [2]
CoMP categories under
consideration
Joint Processing
Data is available at each point in
CoMP cooperating set
Joint Transmission
Dynamic Cell Selection
Coordinated
Scheduling/Beamforming (CS/CB)
Data is only available at serving cell
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
CoMP [3]
Joint Transmission
Data to a single UE is available at multiple transmission points
PDSCH transmission from multiple points (part of or entire CoMP
cooperating set) at a time
Coherently or non-coherently
To improve the received signal quality and/or cancel actively interference
for other UEs
Dynamic Cell Selection
CoMP transmission point from a single point
Can change dynamically within the CoMP cooperating set.
Cooperative Scheduling/ Beamforming (CS/CB)
Data is only available at serving cell
User scheduling/beamforming decisions are made with coordination
among the CoMP cooperating set.
CoMP transmission point : serving cell
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
More Details on LTE-Advanced
Component Technologies
Overview
Carrier Types
MAC-PHY interface
Uplink Multiple Access
Uplink Control Channel
Downlink Control Channel
UL Power control
Overview [1]
Carrier aggregation
Support wider bandwidth
Two or more component carriers
Non-contiguous
LTE/MIMO 표준기술
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술 46
Overview [2]
Concept of carrier aggregation
Frequency
Aggregated bandwidth
Frequency
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Overview [3]
Deployment scenarios in RAN4
Intraband contiguous CA
Originally, intraband contiguous CA scenario was proposed only for
TDD, but it was agreed also for FDD afterwards for the sole reason of
satisfying ITU-R requirement
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Overview [4]
Interband non-contiguous CA
Uplink (UL) band Downlink (DL) band
E-UTRA E-UTRA Duple
UE transmit / BS receive UE receive / BS transmit
CA operating Channel Channel x
Band Band BW MHz FDL_low (MHz) – FDL_high BW MHz mode
FUL_low (MHz) – FUL_high (MHz)
(MHz)
1 1920 – 1980 [TBD] 2110 – 2170 [TBD]
CA_1-5 FDD
5 824 – 849 [TBD] 869 – 894 [TBD]
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Overview [5]
UE capability regarding carrier aggregation
LTE-A UE
Simultaneous transmission/reception on multiple component carrier
Depends on the transmission/reception capability
Rel’8 UE
Transmission on a single component carrier only
Characteristics of component carrier
It shall be possible to configure all component carriers LTE Release 8 compatible at least
when the aggregated numbers of component carriers in the UL and the DL are same
Consideration of non-backward-compatible configurations of LTE-A component carriers is not
precluded (CC only for LTE-A)
Frequency
UE capabilities
• 100-MHz case
• 40-MHz case
• 20-MHz case
(Rel. 8 LTE)
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Carrier Types
Backward compatible carrier
A carrier accessible to UEs of all existing LTE releases
Can be operated as a single carrier (stand-alone) or as a part of
carrier aggregation
For FDD, backwards compatible carriers always occur in pairs, i.e.
DL and UL
Non-backward compatible carrier
A carrier not accessible to UEs of earlier LTE releases
Can be operated as a single carrier (stand-alone) from the duplex
distance
Otherwise, as a part of carrier aggregation
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
MAC-PHY Interface
From a UE perspective
There is one transport block (in absence of spatial multiplexing)
One hybrid-ARQ entity per scheduled component carrier.
Each transport block is mapped to a single component carrier
A UE may be scheduled over multiple component carriers
simultaneously.
transport block transport block
Channel Channel
coding coding
Modulation Modulation
RB mapping RB mapping
20MHz 20MHz
One UE
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Uplink Multiple Access
SC-FDMA for PUSCH
One DFT per component carrier
: mapping to a RB
Clustered-
DFTsOFDM
RE
mapping
P/S signal
Frequency-contiguous
Frequency-non-contiguous Modulation
Symbols DFT
S/P
RE
IFFT
P/S
Time-domain
signal
for TrBlk B mapping
Clustered-
DFTsOFDM
Modulation S/P
Symbols DFT RE IFFT Time-domain
for TrBlk C mapping P/S signal
Clustered-
DFTsOFDM
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Uplink Control Channel
PUCCH design
Rel’10 design supports up to 5 DL CC
Consider extendability to larger number of DL CC in the future
All ACK/NACK for a UE can be transmitted on PUCCH in absence of
PUSCH transmission
Simultaneous A/N on PUCCH transmission from 1 UE on multiple UL CCs
is not supported
A single UE-specific UL CC is configured semi-statically for carrying PUCCH
A/N
Method for assigning PUCCH resource(s) for a UE on the above single UL
carrier in case of carrier aggregation
Implicit / Explicit / Hybrid: FFS
Note that for a CA-capable UE that is configured for single UL/DL carrier-pair operation
, single-antenna PUCCH resource assignment shall be done as per Rel-8.
A single UE-specific UL CC is configured semi-statically for carrying
PUCCH A/N, SR, and periodic CSI from a UE
Concept of primary carrier
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Uplink Control Channel
One SR per UE transmitted on PUCCH
Semi-statically mapped onto one UE specific UL CC
Periodic CSI reporting for up to 5 DL CC supported
Semi-statically mapped onto one UE specific UL CC
Following Rel8 principles for CQI/PMI/RI
Consider ways to reduce reporting overhead, e.g. DL CC cycling
Consider ways to support extending CSI payload
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Uplink Control Channel
Further discussion points for ACK/NACK transmission
Method(s) for A/N multiplexing
How many simultaneous PUCCH signals?
PUCCH format 1b with SF reduction to 2 or 1
Channel selection with appropriate modification
PUCCH format 2
New PUCCH signal/format (e.g. DFT-S-OFDM based)
A/N bundling within / across CCs
Also consider TDD
H H H H H H H H H
C C C C C C C C C
S S S S S S S S S
D D D D D D D D D
P P P P P P P P P
H A/N H H H H
A/N H A/N H H A/N H A/N H A/N Joint coding
C C C C C C C C
Bundling C C
C C C C C C C C C C
U U U U U U U U U U
P P P P P P P P P P
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Uplink Control Channel
CQI (Channel Quality Indication)
Multiple CQIs on single component carrier
Multiple resources transmission
Joint coding
TDM
DL CC #0 DL CC #1 DL CC #2
DL CC #0 DL CC #1 DL CC #2
H CQI H H H H
CQI H CQI
CQI CQI CQI
C C C C C C H H
C C C C C C C C Joint coding
U U U U U U C C
P P P P P P U U
DL CC #0 DL CC #1 DL CC #2 P P
H H
Multiple resources transmission CQI C
C
CQI C
C
CQI
U
P
U
P Joint coding
subframe #n
Time
H H
C C
C C
U U
P P
subframe #n+1
H H
C C
C C
U U
P P
subframe #n+2
TDM
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Downlink Control Channel
PDCCH structure
PDCCH is transmitted within one component carrier
Mapping of PDCCH information
Separate coding of DL/UL scheduling for each component carrier
Based on DCI format(s) for single carrier
Linked carrier scheduling w/o CIF (carrier indicator field)
Rel’8 PDCCH structure and DCI formats
Cross carrier scheduling with CIF
Rel’8 DCI formats extended with 3 bit carrier indicator field
Reusing Rel’8 PDCCH structure
Solutions to PCFICH detection errors on the CC carrying PDSCH to be standardized
PDCCH blind decoding reduction is desirable
CC#1 CC#2 CC#1 CC#2
CFI correct CFI error CFI correct CFI error
PDCCH correct PDCCH DTX PDCCH PDCCH
correct correct
PDSCH error due to
CFI error, also leads to
Receive PDSCH Not receive PDSCH Receive PDSCH HARQ buffer
corruption.
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Downlink Control Channel
Linkage
between PDSCH/PUSCH
and PDCCH
Further discussion required on
whether at least the following is
supported:
A UE only monitors PDCCH on
one DL CC for each
PDSCH/PUSCH CC
For any DL carrier with CIF where the
UE monitors PDCCH, PDCCH on the
DL carrier shall be able to schedule
PDSCH at least on the same carrier
and/or PUSCH on a linked UL carrier
Further discussion required on
whether this can be extended to
support modified Option 1
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Downlink Control Channel
PHICH transmission
Re-use PHICH physical transmission aspects from Rel’8
Orthogonal code design, modulation, scrambling sequence, mapping to REs
PHICH transmitted only on the ‘DL CC used to transmit the UL grant’
PHICH resource mapping rules:
For 1-to-1 or many-to-1 mapping between DL and UL without CIF
Reuse Rel’8 mapping
For many-to-1 UL:DL mapping or many-to-1 mapping between DL and UL
with CIF
Single set of PHICH resources shared by all UEs (Rel-8 to Rel-10)
DM RS cyclic shift mechanism remains available and can be used to reduce collision
probability
Working assumption to be confirmed at RAN1#60bis if no fundamental problem
identified:
Further discussion point
Additional standardised mechanism for handling PHICH collisions needed?
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Downlink Control Channel
PCFICH
Independent control region size per CC
On any carrier with a control region, re-use Rel’8 design
Modulation
Coding
RE mapping
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Uplink Power Control
Assume similar operation of Rel’8:
Mainly compensate for slow-varying channel conditions while reducing the
interference generated towards neighboring cells
Fractional PC or full path-loss compensation is used on PUSCH and full path-
loss compensation on PUCCH
Supports component carrier specific UL PC for both contiguous and
non-contiguous CC aggregation
Which PC parameters are CC-specific?
P0_PUSCH, P0_PUCCH, α, δpusch, ∆TF are CC-specific
There is a max power for the total UE transmit power (provided by RAN4)
There is a CC-specific max power
Pathloss derivation
The DL CC used for pathloss derivation for power control of each UL CC is configured by
the network (any restrictions on correspondence between DL and UL CCs for this purpose
are up to RAN4)
Whether a pathloss offset per CC needs to be signalled to the UE is FFS
The number of DL CCs measured is up to RAN4
TPC command transmission
TPC in UL grant is applied to UL CC for which the grant applies
TPC in DL grant is applied to UL CC on which the ACK/NACK is transmitted
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Uplink Power Control
PHR
Per CC
FFS whether or not PHR is per channel (i.e. PUSCH / PUCCH) within
each per-CC PHR
Max power scaling
Starting point:
PUCCH power is prioritised; remaining power may be used by PUSCH (i.e.
PUSCH power is scaled down first, maybe to zero)
scaling is per channel
Detailed formula is FFS
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Relay
Overview
Type 1 Relay
Type 2 Relay
Resource Partioning for Relay-eNB link
Access-Backhaul Partitioning
Backward compatible backhaul partitioning
Backhaul Resource Assignment
R-Channel design
Overview
Relaying
as a tool to improve e.g. the coverage of high data rates, group mobility, temporary
network deployment, the cell-edge throughput and/or to provide coverage in new areas.
Relay functionalities
Wirelessly connected to radio-access network via a donor cell.
Connection type
Inband,
Outband
Duplexing
Half duplex relay resource partioning required
Full duplex relay
Outband relay
Inband relay with enough spatial separtion or enhanced interference cancellation
no need to consider resource partioning
Relay classification w.r.t the knowledge in the UE
Transparent
Non-transparent
Depending on the relaying strategy, a relay may
Control cells of its own (similar to eNB : type 1 relay)
Be part of the donor cell (L2 relay, Type 2 relay)
Relay in Rel’10 LTE-Advanced
Inband half duplex relay and outband relay will be included in the initial version of LTE-
Advanced
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Type 1 Relay
Control Cells of its own
It control cells, each of which appears to a UE as a separate cell distinct
from the donor cell
Has unique physical-layer cell identity (defined in Rel-8)
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Type 2 Relay
Part of the donor cell
It does not have a separate Physical Cell ID
Would not create any new cells
It is transparent to Rel-8 UEs;
A Rel-8 UE should not be aware of the presence of a type 2 relay node
At least part of the RRM is controlled by the eNB to which the
donor cell belongs
It can transmit PDSCH
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Resource Partioning for Relay-eNB Link
Link definition
Backhaul link
DL backhaul : eNB-> RN
UL backhaul : RN -> eNB
Access link
DL access : RN -> UE
UL access : UE -> RN
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Resource Partioning for Relay-eNB Link
Inband Backhauling of Relay
eNB-to-relay link operates in the same frequency spectrum as the
relay-to-UE link
In this case, half duplex relay operation is more feasible
Simultaneous eNB-to-relay and relay-to-UE transmissions on the same
frequency resource may not be feasible
Due to relay transmitter causing interference to its own receiver
Unless sufficient isolation of the outgoing and incoming signals is provided
Similarly,
relay may not be possible to receive UE transmissions
simultaneously with the relay transmitting to the eNB
Therefore, resource partioning scheme should be taken into
account in case of inband half duplex relay
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Resource Partioning for Relay-eNB Link
Relay functionalities
In-band backhauling of the relay traffic
General principle for resource partitioning at the relay:
eNB → RN and RN → UE links are time division multiplexed in a single
frequency band (only one is active at any time)
RN → eNB and UE → RN links are time division multiplexed in a single
frequency band (only one is active at any time)
Multiplexing of backhaul links in FDD:
eNB → RN transmissions are done in the DL frequency band
RN → eNB transmissions are done in the UL frequency band
Multiplexing of backhaul links in TDD:
eNB → RN transmissions are done in the DL subframes of the eNB and RN
RN → eNB transmissions are done in the UL subframes of the eNB and RN
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Access-Backhaul Partitioning
Example of UL resource TDM partitioning
eNB UL RX UL RX
subframe
Relay UL TX UL TX No TX
Relay UL RX No RX UL RX
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Access-Backhaul Partitioning
Illustration
F2 F1
UE1
UL (F2) DL (F1)
RN
One link active at a time One link active at a time
UL (F2) DL (F1)
UE2
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Backward Compatible Backhaul Partitioning
Backward compatibility of Relay node
In certain subframes, a relay node receives DL transmissions
In certain other subframes, a relay node transmits on DL
In the subframes where a relay node receives DL transmissions, Rel. 8 UE does
not expect any relay transmission in PDSCH by configuring MBSFN subframe
Relay backhauling subframe
Create transmission gap in the relay-to-UE transmission
Relay is not transmitting any signal to UE when it is supposed to receive data from the
donor eNB
Configuring MBSFN subframes
During “gaps”, UEs(including Rel-8 UEs) are not supposed to expect any relay transmission
Relay-to-eNB transmissions can be facilitated by not allowing any terminal-to-relay
transmission in some subframes
Relay should transmit PDCCH and CRSs in PDCCH region
eNB-to-relay transmission
One subframe
transmission gap
Ctrl Data Ctrl
(“MBSFN subframe”)
No relay-to-UE transmission
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Backhaul Resource Assignment
Backhaul Subframe allocation
At the RN, the access link DL subframe boundary is aligned with the backhaul link
DL subframe boundary, except for possible adjustment to allow for RN
transmit/receive switching
The set of DL backhaul subframes
During which DL backhaul transmission may occur
Semi-statically assigned
The set of UL backhaul subframes
During which UL backhaul transmission may occur,
Can be semi-statically assigned,
Or implicitly derived from the DL backhaul subframes using the HARQ timing
relationship
R-PDCCH (Relay Physical Downlink Control CHannel)
R-PDCCH is used to assign resources for the DL backhaul data
Dynamically or semi-persistently assign resources
May assign DL resources in the same and/or in one or more later subframes.
R-PDCCH is used to assign resources for the UL backhaul data
Dynamically or semi-persistently assign resources
May assign UL resources in one or more later subframes.
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
R-Channel Design (TR 36.814)
R-PDCCH resources
PRBs for R-PDCCH transmission is semi-statically assigned
Resources for R-PDCCH transmission within semi-statically assigned may
vary dynamically between subframes
Resources that are not used for R-PDCCH within the semi-statically
assigned PRBs may be used to carry R-PDSCH or PDSCH
R-PDCCH decoding
R-PDCCH transmitter processing (channel coding, interleaving,
multiplexing, etc.) should reuse Rel-8 functionality to the extent possible
Search space approach of R8 is used for the backhaul link
Use of common search space, which can be semi-statically configured (and
potentially includes entire system bandwidth
If RN-specific search space is configured, it could be implicitly or explicitly
known by RN.
The R-PDCCH is transmitted starting from an OFDM symbol within
the subframe that is late enough so that the relay can receive it.
“R-PDSCH” and “R-PDCCH” can be transmitted within the same
PRBs or within separated PRBs.
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
R-Channel Design
Backhaul link reference signal
For R-PDCCH,
For a given RN, R-PDCCH demodulation RS type (CRS or DM-RS) shall not
change dynamically nor depend on subframe type.
Demodulate with
In normal subframes:
Rel-10 DM-RS when DM-RS are configured by eNB
Otherwise Rel-8 CRS
In MBSFN subframes, Rel-10 DM-RS
Baseline may be modified (in relation to which OFDM symbols contain DM RS)
depending on RAN4 response on the timing.
For downlink shared data transmission on Un
Same possibilities as for R-PDCCH
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Backhaul Link Timing: DL [1]
Backhaul downlink timing
The RN can receive Un DL transmissions starting with OFDM symbol numbered m
and it can stop receiving with the OFDM symbol numbered n.
Here OFDM symbol numbering within the subframe starts at 0
k is equal to the number of OFDM symbols used for the L1/L2 control region at the RN
access
The following cases are deemed for further consideration:
Case 1: RN can receive the DL backhaul subframe starting from OFDM symbol m=k+1 until
the end of the subframe (n=13 in case of normal CP)
This corresponds to the case when RN switching time is longer (> cyclic prefix) and RN DL access
transmit time is slightly offset with respect to DL backhaul reception time at the RN
Case 2: RN can receive the DL backhaul subframe starting from OFDM symbol m=k until
the end of the subframe (n=13 in case of normal CP)
This corresponds to the case when RN switching time is sufficiently shorter than the cyclic prefix and
RN DL access transmit time is aligned to the DL backhaul reception time at the RN
Case 3: RN can receive the DL backhaul subframe starting from OFDM symbol m ≥k until
OFDM symbol n<13 (depending on the propagation delay and the switching time)
This corresponds to the case when RN DL Uu transmissions is synchronized with the eNB DL
transmissions
Case 4: RN can receive the DL backhaul subframe starting from OFDM symbol 0 until
OFDM symbol n=13-(k+1)
This corresponds to the case when RN can receive the normal PDCCH.
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Backhaul Link Timing: DL [2]
Case 1: DL (-) timing offset
A fixed delay in addition to propagation delay
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Backhaul Link Timing: DL [3]
Case 2 (DL): No offset, Switching time < CP
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Backhaul Link Timing: DL [4]
Case 3 (DL): Global Tx timing sync
Cas3 3a: [(Tp<L)&(Tp<G1)&(Tp+G2<L), symbol_length = L]
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Backhaul Link Timing: DL [5]
Case 3 (DL): Global Tx timing sync
Case 3b: [(G1<Tp<L)&(Tp+G2<L), symbol_length = L]
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Backhaul Link Timing: UL [1]
Backhaul link UL timing
RNshould transmit SC-FDMA symbols m=0 until the end of the UL
backhaul subframe (n=13 in case of normal CP)
This corresponds to the case when the access link and backhaul link
UL subframe boundary is staggered by a fixed gap and RN switching
time is considered by configuring the UE not to transmit the last SC-
FDMA symbol of the Uu link
Further discussion point
There are concerns about the impact of Case 2b on the usage of SRS
and/or CQI on the access link
Companies are encouraged to analyze the impact and evaluate the pe
rformance, especially for TDD, for the next meeting
If impact is not acceptable, consider other RN UL timing cases
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Backhaul Link Timing: UL [2]
UL timing: (-) time offset
Not listening to the symbol#13 (or SRS) in Uu link
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Enhanced DL MIMO Transmission
DL RS: Overview
DL-RS: DM-RS
DL-RS: CSI-RS
DL MIMO: Overview
DL-MIMO: DL-MIMO in LTE-Advanced
DL-RS: Overview [1]
RS types in LTE-Advanced
Two types of new RS are introduced in LTE-Advanced in addition to CRS
(Common Reference Signal) defined in Rel-8
DMRS (Demodulation RS)
CSI-RS (Channel State Information RS)
UE-specific DM-RS, which is precoded, makes it possible to apply non-
codebook-based precoding
UE-specific DM-RS will enable application of enhanced multi-user
beamforming such as zero forcing (ZF) for, e.g., 4-by-2 MIMO
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL-RS: Overview [2]
DM-RS based system in LTE-Advanced
Support of Rel-8 Common RS
LTE-Advanced eNB should always support LTE UE as well
Rel-8 CRS is also used for LTE-Advanced UEs to detect PCFICH, PHICH, PDCCH, PBCH
and PDSCH (TxD only)
RS overhead optimization main motivation for DM-RS based approach
Employing DM-RS for demodulation of PDSCH only (except TxD)
Transmitted only in an RB allocated for a UE in every subframe
12RE up to rank-2
24RE up to rank-8
Employing CSI-RS for measurment
Transmitted by pucturing PDSCH RE in a duty cycle
Idea is that CSI-RS overhead can be made very small (e.g. less than 1% for 8Tx antenna support)
Define LTE-Advanced only subframe by MBSFN type signalling
LTE-Advanced PDSCH only in these subframe
Rel-8 CRS is not transmitted in PDSCH region
Independent antenna configuration
Although LTE-Advanced antenna port is larger than 4Tx, Rel-8 antenna port can be defined less than
4Tx
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL-RS: Overview [3]
Allow transmissions of PDSCH to Rel-10 UEs in MBSFN (LTE-
advanced) subframes
Possible to configure CSI RS for transmission in LTE-Advanced subframes
Possible to use LTE-Advanced features without any LTE-
advanced subframes
Cell specific CSI-RS possible to transmit in normal Rel-8 subframes
Consideration on CSI-RS impact on PDSCH transmissions to Rel-8
UEs for various RS densities needed
There should be no impact from CSI RS transmission on transmission of
PBCH/PSS/SSS
Strive for same CSI RS and DM-RS patterns regardless of
subframe type (DL Rel-8 or DL LTE-A subframes)
DM-RS in support of up-to 8 transmission layers should be
defined
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL-RS: DM-RS [1]
Characteristics
UE specific
Transmitted only in scheduled RBs and the corresponding layers:
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL-RS: DM-RS [2]
DM-RS pattern for rank-1 and rank-2
Forward compatible DM-RS pattern design from LTE Rel-9 dual
layer beamforming
CDM between two layers
DM-RS pattern agreed for Rel-9 dual layer beamforming
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL-RS: DM-RS [3]
DM-RS pattern for rank-3 and rank-4
Baseline is alternative 1 in the figure below
CDM+FDM, OCC length=2
24RE in an RB
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL-RS: DM-RS [4]
DM-RS pattern for rank5~8
Hybrid CDM+FDM DMRS patterns are adopted for rank 5-8 transmission
with normal CP (normal subframe, DwPTS)
Same location with same density (24RE per PRB) as the rank3-4
The length of OCC in time domain is 4 for both CDM groups
2 CDM group, OCC length=4
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL-RS: CSI-RS [1]
Baseline assumption for CSI-RS
CSI-RS is transmitted by puncturing data RE on both LTE Rel-8/9 and
LTE-Advanced PDSCH
Some performance impacts on the legacy Ues are inevitable
Loss of information due to puncturing
Interference from CSI-RS
Uniform frequency spacing and periodic time domain transmission
Agreed to transmit all the CSI-RS for every antenna port within the same
subframe
Overhead assumption
CSI-RS density in frequency domain 1 RE per PRB for 2, 4 and 8 antenna
port
CSI-RS density in time domain
Multiple of 5 msec is baseline for further evaluations.
10ms periodicity is prioritized
Assuming 10ms periodicity, CSI-RS overhead can be calculated as 0.06%
(1/1680) (8 antenna port = 0.48 %)
Time density: 1 symbol every 10ms per antenna port 1/140
Frequency density: 1 RE per PRB 1/12
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL-RS: CSI-RS [2]
Relationship between CSI-RS and Rel-8 CRS
No mixed use of Rel-8 CRS and Rel-10 CSI RS for a configured Rel-10
CSI measurement of a given cell at Rel-10 UE (for all possible number of
antenna ports in the cell)
For the configured CSI measurement the UE measures either on Rel-8 CRS or
on Rel-10 CSI RS for the given cell
8 Rel-10 CSI RS can be configured for Rel-10 CSI measurements in a
given cell
For this case of Rel-10 CSI measurements, only the 8 Rel-10 CSI RS are used
for the CSI measurements corresponding to the given cell
CSI RS are punctured into the data region of normal/MBSFN subframes
However, independent antennea configuration is possible
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL-RS: CSI-RS [3]
Further agreement in RAN1 with respect to CSI-RS
Full-power utilization is the design target.
Send an LS to RAN4 asking about the feasibility of 9 dB boosting.
Same data RE power between a data RE in the OFDM symbol containing CSI-RS
and a data RE in the OFDM symbol without CSI-RS/Rel-8 CRS is assumed within a
subframe
Resource elements (REs) of CSI-RS are configured and/or tied to system
parameters for inter-cell orthogonality, i.e, no collision between CSI-RS
Partial collision of CSI-RS for inter-cell randomization is not precluded.
CSI-RS pattern for {2,4,8} CSI-RS ports
Port 0 is fully configured (subframe, OFDM symbol, frequency location) by L3 signaling and
/or tied to system parameters
The other ports follow port0 (implicit)
FFS if all ports have the same shift or different shift in time and frequency
For intra-cell CSI-RS, FDM/TDM/CDM/CSM needs further study.
Study RE muting, i.e., no collision between CSI-RS and data, for multi-cell CSI
measurement
Consider the impact of muting on UE interference measurement
Consider the impact on Rel-8 UE
Power reallocation of muted REs is FFS
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL-MIMO: Overview
Gains from MIMO
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL-MIMO: Overview
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL-MIMO in LTE-Advanced
The number of transmit antennas in DL: up to 8
Design issue
Number of codewords
Reference signal (RS)
Transmit diversity
Precoding
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL-MIMO in LTE-Advanced
CW-to-Layer mapping in support of 8-Tx antenna
Up to 4 layers, same mapping rule as in Rel-8
For higher number layers, it was agreed to simply extend the Rel-8 mapping so that two
codewords are as much evenly distributed over each layer as possible
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL MIMO in LTE-Advanced
Transmit Diversity Scheme
Rel-8TxD will be reused with CRS in normal subframe
TBD: TxD definition in LTE-Advanced only subframe
Alt 1: rank-2 DRS supports SFBC
Alt 2: channel interpolation with the CRS in the next subrame PDCCH
region
Alt 3: no definition of TxD in LTE-Advanced only subframe
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL MIMO in LTE-Advanced
MU-MIMO
In Rel-9, DM-RS based MU-MIMO scheme was decided
Dynamic indication of DM-RS port is supported in case of rank 1 transmission
To enable scheduling of two UEs with rank-1 transmission using different orthogonal DMRS ports on
the same PDSCH resources
SU/MU assumption
no explicit signaling of the presence of co-scheduled UE in case of rank 1 transmissions
in case of rank-1 transmission, the UE cannot assume that the other DM RS antenna port is not
associated with PDSCH assigned to another UE
Dynamic SU/MU switching in LTE-Advanced
Switching between SU- and MU-MIMO transmission is possible without RRC
reconfiguration
Transparent vs. Non-transparent MU-MIMO
“Transparent” here means that no downlink signalling is provided to indicate to a UE
whether a downlink transmission to another UE is taking place in the same RB.
No clear preference for transparent or non-transparent MU-MIMO at this stage.
If MU-MIMO were to be non-transparent, strongest possibilities to consider for downlink
signalling include:
whether / which DM-RS ports are used for other UEs
Power offset
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
DL-MIMO in LTE-Advanced
Target design criteria for 8Tx Codebook
8Tx codebook is now under discussion for feedback purpose only
Design criteria
For rank > 2, optimize for SU-MIMO only
For rank <= 2, optimize for both SU- and MU-MIMO
For MUMIMO, target UE separation in correlation domain
Suitable for various antenna configurations
Feedback of precoding codebook
Implicit feedback (PMI/RI/CQI) is used also for Rel-10
UE spatial feedback for a subband represents a precoder (as constructed below)
CQI computed based on the assumption that eNodeB uses a specific precoder (or precoders), as given by
the feedback, on each subband within the CQI reference resource
Note that a subband can correspond to the whole system bandwidth
A precoder for a subband is composed of two matrices
The precoder structure is applied to all Tx antenna array configurations
Each of the two matrices belong to a separate codebook
The codebooks are for further study
The codebooks are known (or synchronized) at both the eNodeB and UE
Codebooks may or may not change/vary over time and/or different subbands
That is, two codebook indices together determine the precoder
One of the two matrices targets wideband and/or long-term channel properties
The other matrix targets frequency-selective and/or short-term channel properties
Note that a matrix codebook in this context should be interpreted as a finite enumerated set of matrices
that for each RB is known to both UE and eNodeB.
Note that Rel-8 precoder feedback can be deemed as a special case of this structure
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL MIMO
UL MIMO: Overview
UL MIMO: Multiple Access Scheme
UL MIMO: Receiver for UL MIMO
UL MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support
UL MIMO: Reference Signal
UL-MIMO: Overview [1]
UL-MIMO in Rel’8
UL MIMO was not supported for complexity reason
64QAM was introduced instead during Rel’8 time frame
Only antenna switching Tx diversity is defined in Rel-8 LTE
MU-MIMO was supported in an implicit manner (specification transparent way)
LTE-Advanced
Agreed to employ SU-MIMO in LTE-Advanced
Crucial in satisfying 3GPP’s own peak spectrum efficiency requirement
The number of transmit antennas in UL
Up to 4 transmit antenna will be supported
4 layer transmission
Design issue
Multiple access scheme
Number of codewords
Precoder design
Transmit diversity
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL-MIMO: Overview [2]
Necessity of Preserving CM
OFDM vs. SC-FDMA discussion in early LTE-Advanced SI phase
SC-FDMA is agreed as an uplink multiplexing scheme
MIMO transmission should be implemented with SC-FDMA
SC-FDMA based MIMO transmission
CM can be one of design criteria for uplink MIMO scheme
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL-MIMO: Multiple Access Scheme
SC-FDMA vs. OFDMA
Complexity
SC-FDMA: turbo SIC
OFDMA: maximum likelihood detector (MLD)
MLD is more complex in 16/64 QAM, especially for 4x4 configuration
Latency
Depends on computational complexity
SC-FDMA and OFDMA may not give significant difference
Performance
OFDMA shows gain over SC-FDMA in high SNR range for 2x2 configuration
Similar performance for 2x4 configuration
OFDMA shows system level gain over SC-FDMA in 2x2 and 4x4 configuration
SC-FDMA was adopted for multiple access scheme as UL MIMO
transmission
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL-MIMO: Receiver for UL MIMO
Soft interference canceller (SIC): turbo SIC
Implementationflexibility: various algorithms
One implementation [1]: R1-083732
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [1]
Number of codewords: 2
2 transport blocks in a subframe
Same codeword-to-layer mapping as in LTE downlink
codeword to layer mapping for 2 Tx and 4 Tx
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [2]
Candidates forTx diversity for PRACH
PVS, CDD, TSTD
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [3]
PUCCH TxD
2 Tx PUCCH transmit diveristy scheme
Rel-8 PUCCH format 1/1a/1b: Spatial Orthogonal Tramsit Diveristy (SORTD) is applied
The same modulation symbol d(0) is transmitted on different orthogonal resources for different
antennas
Exact resource allocation: FFS
PUCCH format 2 TxD
Three major camps for PUCCH format 2 :
No TxD, SORTD, STBC without slot hopping
4 Tx PUCCH transmit diversity: 2Tx TxD is applied (UE implementation issue)
d_0 (n)
Spreading with n_r0
.
d_0 (n)
Modulation symbol .
. Ant#M-1
d_0 (n)
Spreading with n_rM-1
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [4]
SU-MIMO
Codebook based precoding
Independent codebook design for different ranks
Single wideband TPMI per UL component carrier
Frequency non-selective precoding in a component carrier
Codebook size
2 Tx: 1-layer+2-layer ≤ 8 (3-bit codebook)
4 Tx: 1-layer+2-layer+3-layer+4-layer ≤ 64 (6-bit codebook
Dynamic rank adaptation
Alphabet size: QPSK alphabet: {1, -1, j, -j}
Further consideration point
UL frequency selective precoding
Impact on antenna gain imbalance (AGI) due to hand-gripping problem
Antenna power amp (PA) configuration
2 Tx antenna
20dBm + 20dBm
23dBm + 23dBm
23dBm + x, where x ≤ 23dBm
4 Tx antenna
17dBm + 17dBm + 17dBm + 17dBm
23dBm + 23dBm + 23dBm + 23dBm and
23dBm + x + x + x where x ≤ 23dBm
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [5]
Precoder design for 2 Tx
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [6]
Precoder design for 4Tx
Separate design of each rank
No nested property
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [7]
4Tx rank-1 codebook
Size-24: 16 constant modulus + 8 antenna pair turn-off vectors
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [8]
4Tx rank-2 codebook
Size-16:
CM-preserving matrices
QPSK alphabet
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [9]
4Tx rank-3 codebook
Size-12 CMP codebook
BPSK alphabet
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0
1 1 0 0
1 − 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 10 1
Index 0 to 3
2 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 2 − 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
0
1 0 1 0 10 1 1 1 0 0
11 0 0
Index 4 to 7
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 2 − 1 0 0
1 0 0 − 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 1
1 1 0 0 11 0 0 1 0 0 10 0
Index 8 to 11
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 21 0 0
1 0 0 − 1 0 0 1 0 0 − 1 0 0
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [10]
Number of MCS fields: 2
Separate link adapation of two codewords
Discussion on layer shifting
Among the followings, alternative 2 was agreed
Alt1: No HARQ-ACK Spatial Bundling and no layer shifting.
Alt2: No layer shifting, and continue discussion on HARQ bundling.
Alt 3: Layer shifting with HARQ bundling
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL-MIMO: Reference Signal [1]
UL DM-RS in support of UL-MIMO
Precoded UL DM-RS
2Tx
rank 1-rank 2: precoded RS
4Tx
rank 1-rank2, rank 4: precoded RS
rank 3 : FFS, but potential agreement of precoded DM-RS in case of rank-3
Same precoding for DM RS and PUSCH
UL DM-RS multiplexing
Cyclic shift (CS) separation for DM-RS multiplexing
TBD: Orthogonal cover code (OCC) separation between slots for interference
suppression
DM-RS sequence design for non-contiguous resource allocations
Working assumption: Base sequence according to the whole allocation size and
split into clusters.
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
UL-MIMO: Reference Signal [2]
UL sounding reference signal
Re-use of Rel-8 principles (CS separation, IFDM separation) with some
possible modifications
SRS configuration per CC in case of carrier aggregation
Dynamic aperiodic SRS is supported
Continue discussion on PDCCH signaling aspects,
how to provide aperiodic SRS resources (including for multiple antennas), how
to share these resources with ones for periodic SRS, and for the duration of the
dynamic SRS transmission (e.g. one-shot, with a timer, semi-persistent until
disabled, etc.)
Precoded SRS is not supported in Rel-10
Further discussion point
need for sounding via DMRS
need for increased SRS multiplexing possibilities (if so, which methods)
need for multi-cell coordination / randomisation (which methods if any)
need for SRS coverage enhancement
need for non-contiguous SRS transmission
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
CoMP
Overview
Carrier Types
MAC-PHY interface
Uplink Multiple Access
Uplink Control Channel
Downlink Control Channel
UL Power control
Terminology and Definition – CoMP Set
CoMP Cooperating Set
Set of (geographically separated) points directly or indirectly participating
in PDSCH transmission to UE.
COMP transmission point(s)
Point or set of points actively transmitting PDSCH to UE
CoMP transmission point(s) is a subset of the CoMP cooperating set
For Joint transmission, the points in the CoMP cooperating set
For Dynamic cell selection, a single point is the transmission point at every
subframe. This transmission point can change dynamically within the CoMP
cooperating set.
For Coordinated scheduling/beamforming, the “serving cell”
Transparent/non-transparent to UE
CoMP measurement set
Set of cells about which channel state/statistical information related to their
link to the UE is reported
May be the same as the CoMP cooperating set
The actual UE reports may down-select cells for which actual feedback
information is transmitted (reported cells)
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
CoMP Category
Joint Processing
Data is available at each point in CoMP cooperating set
Joint Transmission
Dynamic Cell Selection
Coordinated Scheduling/Beamforming (CS/CB)
Data is only available at serving cell
Joint Transmission
Data to a single UE is available at multiple transmission points
PDSCH transmission from multiple points (part of or entire CoMP cooperating set) at a time
Coherently or non-coherently
To improve the received signal quality and/or cancel actively interference for other UEs
Dynamic Cell Selection
CoMP transmission point from a single point
Can change dynamically within the CoMP cooperating set.
Cooperative Scheduling/ Beamforming (CS/CB)
Data is only available at serving cell
User scheduling/beamforming decisions are made with coordination among the CoMP
cooperating set.
CoMP transmission point : serving cell
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
CoMP Operation- Joint Transmission
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
CoMP Operation– CS/CB
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Joint Processing:
Transparent vs. Non-transparent
Transparent to UE
DL joint transmission is based on the dedicated reference signals (DRS)
for demodulation
UEs need not know which eNBs participate in transmission
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Joint processing:
Coherent vs. Non-coherent
In terms of manner of the combination of signal from multiple
cells at UE
Coherent transmission
Non-coherent transmission
Coherent transmission
UE could combine transmitted signal coherently
Network obtains channel state information of all the cooperating cell sites
Non-coherent transmission
Signal arriving at UE is unable to combine coherently
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Precoding Codebook for CoMP
Global precoding (joint design)
A single super-cell codebook is designed considering multiple points.
A codebook needs to be designed for each combinations
Number of cooperating points
Number of transmit antennas
Number of layers
The performance is upper bound of all precoding schemes for CoMP
High Complexity
Large global codebook to quantize
Codebook varies with the size of CoMP cells
Local precoding (disjoint design)
A single super-cell codebook is composed by the N(number of cooperating
points) single-cell codebook
Local precoding design is simpler
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Cell Clustering for CoMP
UE-specific Clustering
Cluster of coordinated cells chosen based on the preference of the UE
Largest throughput gain
Scheduling among all eNBs in the system needed
Excessive Backhaul overhead
Fixed Clustering
Simple in terms of implementation
Throughput gain obtained is limited
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Feedback in Support of DL CoMP
CoMP Feedback mechanisms
Explicit channel state/statistical information feedback
Channel as observed by the receiver, without assuming any
transmission or receiver processing
Implicit channel state/statistical information feedback
Use hypotheses of different transmission and/or reception processing,
e.g., CQI/PMI/RI
Channel reciprocity
UE transmission of SRS can be used for CSI estimation at eNB
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Explicit Feedback
Channel part
For each cell in the UE’s measurement set that is reported in a
given subframe, one or several channel properties are reported
Channel properties include (but are not limited to) the following
Channel matrix – short term (instantaneous)
Transmit channel covariance
Total
receive power (Io) or total received signal covariance matrix
Covariance matrix of the noise-and-interference
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Implicit Feedback
Hypotheses at the UE and the feedback
based on one or a combination of two or more of the following, e.g.:
Single user vs. Multi user MIMO
Single cell vs. Coordinated transmission
Within coordinated transmission : Single point (CB/CS) vs. multi-point (JP)
transmission
Within Joint processing CoMP
Subsets of transmission points or subsets of reported cells (Joint Transmission)
CoMP transmission point(s) (Dynamic Cell Selection)
Transmit precoder (i.e. tx weights)
JP : multiple single-cell or multi-cell PMI capturing
CB/CS : single-cell or multiple single-cell PMIs
Other types of feedbacks, e.g. main Multi-cell eigen-component, instead of
PMIs are being considered
Receive processing (i.e. rx weights)
Interference based on particular tx/rx processing
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Reference [1]
[1] ITU-R, Revision 1 to Document IMT-ADV/2-E, “Submission and
evaluation process and consensus building”
[2] 3GPP, RP-08099, “Proposed schedule for the submission of LTE-
Advanced to ITU-R as a candidate for IMT-Advanced”, AT&T et. Al
[3] ITU-R, Addendum 2 to circular letter 5/LCCE/2
[4] ITU-R, Report ITU-R M.2133 “Requirements, evaluation criteria, and
submission templates for the development of IMT-Advanced”
[5] ITU-R, Report ITU-R M.2134 “Requirements related to technical
system performance for IMT-Advanced Radio interface(s)”
[6] ITU-R, Report ITU-R M.2135 “Guidelines for evaluation of radio
interface technologies for IMT-Advanced”
[7] 3GPP, RP-091000, Release 10 time plan
[8] ITU-R WP5D/291, Initial 3GPP submission of a candidate IMT-
Advanced technology
[9] ITU-R WP5D/496, AN INITIAL TECHNOLOGY SUBMISSION OF
3GPP LTE RELEASE 10
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Reference [2]
[10] 3GPP, RP-090743, TR TR36.912 v9.0.0, Feasibility study for Further
Advancements for E-UTRA, September 2009
[11] 3GPP, RP-090745, Annex C1: Characteristics template
[12] 3GPP, RP-090746, Annex C2: Link budget template
[13] 3GPP, RP-090747, Annex C3: Compliance template
[14] 3GPP, RP-090744, Annex A3: Self-evaluation results
[15] ITU-R, WP5D/564-E, COMPLETE SUBMISSION OF 3GPP LTE
RELEASE 10 & BEYOND (LTE-ADVANCED) UNDER STEP 3 OF
THE IMT-ADVANCED PROCESS
[16] 3GPP, TR 36.913, “Requirements for further advancements for E-
UTRA (LTE-Advanced)”, V8.0.0, June 2008
[17] 3GPP, RP-091005, Proposal for Candidate Radio Interface
Technologies for IMT-Advanced Based on LTE Release 10 and
Beyond
[18] 3GPP, RP-100357, TR36.814, “Further Advancements for E-UTRA
Physical Layer Aspects (Release 9)”, V2.0.1, March 2010
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술
Thanks !!
LTE-Advanced 주요 표준 동향 및 요소 기술