TYPES OF FARMING

Primitive Subsistence Farming Intensive Subsistence Farming Commercial Farming

Is practised on small patches
of land with the help of
primitive tools like hoe, dao and
digging sticks and
family/community.
It is a ‘slash and burn’
agriculture.
It is practised in areas of high
population pressure on land.
It is labour intensive farming,
where high doses of
biochemical inputs and
irrigation are used for obtaining
higher production.
The main characteristics of the
type of farming are used of
higher doses of modern inputs,
e.g. high yielding variety (HYV)
seeds, chemical fertilizers,
insecticides and pesticides in
order to obtain higher
productivity.

THREE MAIN CROP SEASONS OF INDIA

Kharif Rabi Zaid

It starts with the onset of the
monsoon and continues till the
beginning of winter (June-July
to September-October).
The Kharif crops include, rice,
maize, millet, cotton, jute,
groundnut, moong, urad, etc.
It starts with the beginning of
winter and continues till the
beginning of summer (Oct-Dec
to April-June).
The rabi crops include wheat,
barley, gram and oilseeds.
This is a short crop season in
between the rabi and kharif
season.
Crops like watermelons,
cucumber, some vegetables
and fodder crops are the major
crops.

MAJOR CROPS OF INDIA

RICE WHEAT MILLETS MAIZE PULSES

It is the staple food It is the main food Jowar, Bajra and Rabi It is a crop which is India is the largest
crop of a majority of crop in north and are the important used both as food and producer as well as
the people in India. north-western part of millets grown in India. fodder. the consumer of
It is a kharif crop the country. It is a main-fed crop It is a kharif crop pulses in the world.
which requires high This rabi crop requires mostly grown in the which requires These are the major
temperature and high a cool growing season moist areas which temperature between source of protein in
humidity with annual and a bright sunshine hardly needs irrigation. 21°C to 27°C and vegetation diet.
rainfall above 100 cm. at the time of ripening. Rabi is a crop of dry grows well in old Major pulses that are
Rice is grown in the It requires 50 to 70 cm regions and grows alluvial soil. grown in India are tur,
plains of north and of annual rainfall. well on red, black, Major maize urad, moong, masur,
north-eastern India, There are two sandy, loamy and producing states are peas and gram.
coastal areas and the important wheat shallow black soils. Karnataka, UP, Bihar, Pulses need less
deltaic regions of growing zones in the Karnataka is the Andhra Pradesh and moisture and survive
canal irrigation and country- the Ganga largest producer of Madhya Pradesh. even in dry
tubewells have made Satluj plains in the ragi followed by Tamil conditions.
it possible to grow rice north-west and black Nadu. Major pulses
in areas of less rainfall soil region of the producing states in
such as Punjab, Deccan. India are Madhya
Haryana and Western The major wheat Pradesh, UP,
U.P. and parts of producing states are Rajasthan,
Rajasthan. Punjab, Haryana, UP, Maharashtra and
Bihar, Rajasthan and Karnataka.
parts of Madhya
Pradesh.

NON-FOOD CROPS

Rubber Fibre Crops Cotton Jute

It is an equatorial crop,
but under special
conditions, it is also
grown in tropical and
sub-tropical areas.
It requires moist and
humid climate with
rainfall of more than
200 cm and
temperature above
25°C.
It is mainly grown in
Kerala, Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka, and
Andaman and Nicobar
Islands and Garo hills
in Meghalaya.
Cotton, jute, hemp and
natural silk are the
four major fibre crops
grown in India.
The first three are
derived from the crops
grown in the soil, the
latter is obtained from
cocoons of the
silkworms fed on
green leaves specially
mulberry.
Rearing of silk worms
for the production of
silk fibre is known as
sericulture.
Cotton grows well in
drier parts of the black
cotton soil of the
Deccan plateau.
It requires high
temperature, light
rainfall or irrigation,
210 frost-free days
and bright sunshine
for its growth.
It is a kharif crop and
requires 6-8 months to
mature.
Cotton producing
states are MP,
Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Punjab, UP & Haryana.
It is also known as
Golden fibre.
Jute grows well on
well-drained fertile
soils in the flood
plains, where soils are
renewed every year.
It requires high
temperature.
Major jute producing
states are Bihar,
Assam, West Bengal,
Odisha, Meghalaya.