ARCHITECT ROLE - AS PER ‘ NBC’ GENERAL ARCHITECT ROLE

SPECIFIC ARCHITECT LIABILITIES

TEAM APPROACH OTHER DICIPLINARIES

m) Interior designer,
A land development / building project comprises the
following major stages: n) Quantity surveyor,
a) Location/siting, o) Project/construction manager,
b) Conceptualization and planning, P Other subject specialist(s).
c) Designing and detailing,
d) Construction/execution, and
e) Maintenance and repair. 4.2 Project Management Construction Management Teams
Each stage necessarily requires professional Appropriate multi- The objective of project management or construction
disciplinary teams need to be constituted to successfully meet the management is primarily to achieve accomplishment
requirements of different stages. Each team may comprise need of project in accordance with the designs and specifications in a
based professionals out of the following depending upon the nature, stipulated time and cost frame work, with a degree of assurance
magnitude and complexity of the project: prior to commencement and satisfaction on accomplishment. For
large projects, separate teams of experienced professionals from the
required disciplines may be constituted for project management and
a) Architect, for construction management depending upon the complexities of
b) Civil engineer the project.
c) Structural engineer,
d) Electrical engineer,
e) Plumbing engineer, 5 PLANNING, DESIGNING AND DEVELOPMENT
f) Fire protection engineer, 5.1 The main functions of design team (see 4.1) constituted for the
g) HVAC engineer, planning, designing and development, are as under
h) Environment specialist,
i) Town planner, a) Formalization of design brief in consultation with the
j) Urban designer, owner.
k) Landscape architect, b) Site investigation survey.
l) Security system specialist, c) Preparation of alternative concept designs.
 d) Selection of a concept in consultation with and with the
consent of owner.
e) Sizing the system.
Development of design, covering :
1) Integration of architecture, structure and services,
2) Synthesis of requirements of each discipline, and
3) Interacticm with each other and with the owner.
f) Preparation of preliminary designs and drawings and
obtaining owner’s approval,
g) Preparation of preliminary cost estimates for approval of owner,
h) Preparation of work-breakdown structure and programme for
pre-construction activities.
i) Assisting client to obtain approvals of the Authority.
J) Preparation of detailed specification and construction working
drawings with integration of engineering inputs of all concerned
disciplines.
k) Preparation of detailed design of each discipline for various
services.
l) Peer review proof checking of the drawingsl/designs in case of
important projects,depending upon their complexity and sensitivity.
m) Preparation of detailed cost estimate.
n) Obtaining final approval of client.
o) Preparation of bill of quantities, specifications and tender
documents.
In NBC Second version of context, structural design of buildings in
accordance with the provisions of the Code and construction and
supervision thereof by competent professionals to ensure structural
safety have been given due importance in this revision. Other
significant
modifications incorporated include:
a) Modifications in the definitions of certain terms;
b) Inclusion of the concept of team of building officials;
c) Inclusion of provision of single window approach for permit for
all services;
d) Inclusion of provisions regarding computerization of approval
processes for building permits;
e) Inclusion of provision to certify safety of buildings against
natural disaster by engineer/structural engineer and owner;
f) Inclusion of provision of two stage permit for high rise
residential buildings and special buildings;
g) Provisions regarding inspection of completed and occupied
building by the Authority from safety point of view have been made
comprehensive;
h) Inclusion of provision empowering engineers/architects for
sanctioning plans of residential buildings
up to 500 sq. m;
j) Provisions for architectural control to effectively take care of the
urban aesthetics, have been modified; and
k) Inclusion of landscape architect and urban designer among the
registered professionals for the concerned applicable works.
2.17 Registered Architect, Engineer, Structural
Engineer, Supervisor, Town Planner, Landscape
Architect, Urban Designer — A qualified architect,
engineer, structural engineer, supervisor, town
planner, landscape architect or urban designer who
has been registered by the Authority or by the body
governing such profession and constituted under a
statute, as may be applicable. The registration
requirements of these professionals shall be as given
in Annex A.
NOTES
1) Unless specified otherwise, the word ‘engineer’ shall mean
“civil engineer’ or ‘architectural engineer’.
2) The word ‘licencing/licensed, etc’ if used by the Authority
in the above context shall be deemed to mean ‘registration/
registered’, etc.
9 VIOLATIONS AND PENALTIES
9.1.3 The registered architect, engineer, structural
engineer, supervisor, town planner, landscape architect, urban
designer and utility service engineer (see Annex A) responsible for
the services rendered for supervision of the construction
development and for the completion certificate; in the event of
violation of the provisions of the Code, shall be liable to penalties as
prescribed by the Authority including cancellation of registration
done by it or make such recommendation to the statutory body
governing such profession.
11.1.4 The Authority shall permit a registered
Architect/engineer to approve the building proposals
including plans, and certify completion of building for
issue of related regulatory building permits and
occupancy certificate for residential buildings designed
by self or otherwise, on plot size up to 500 m2. The
responsibility of compliance with respect to provisions
of Code shall rest with the registered architect/engineer.
However, the plans shall be required to be submitted
to the Authority for information and record.
NOTE—Where the experience clearly shows that satisfactory
building permit activities are being carried out through the
above empowerment of professionals, the Authority may extend
such provision for larger areas and other building
occupancies.
12.2.7 Specifications
Specifications, both general and detailed, giving type and grade of
materials to be used, duly signed by the registered architect,
engineer, structural engineer or supervisor shall accompany the
notice (see Annex B).
12.2.8 Structural Suflciency Certljlcate
The plans shall be accompanied by structural sufficiency certificate
in the prescribed form (see Annex C) signed by the
engineer/structural engineer (see Annex A) and the owner jointly to
the effect that the building is safe against various loads, forces and
effects including due to natural disasters, such as, earthquake,
landslides, cyclones, floods, etc as per Part 6 ‘Structural Design’ and
other relevant Codes. The engineer/structural engineer shall also
have the details to substantiate his design.
12.2.9 Supervision
The notice shall be further accompanied by a certificate in the
prescribed form (see Annex D) by the registered
architect/engineer/structural engineer/supervisor/town planner (see
Annex A) undertaking the supervision (see 9.3).
12.3 Preparation and Signing of Plans
The registered architect/engineer/supervisor/town planner/landscape
architect/urban designer/utility service engineer shall prepare and
duly sign the plans as per their competence (see Annex A) and shall
indicate his/her name, address, qualification and registration number
as allotted by the Authority or the body governing such profession.
The structural plans and details shall also be prepared and duly
signed by the competent professionals like registered engineer/
structural engineer (see Annex A). The plans shall also be duly
signed by the own. indicating his address. The type and volume of
buildings/development work to be undertaken by the registered
professionals may generally be as in Annex A.
12.9 Qualifications of Structural Engineers/Landscape Architect
urban Architects/Engineers/Designer/Supervisors/Town
Planners/Services Personnel
Architects, engineers, structural engineers, landscape architect,
urban designer, supervisors and town planners wherever referred in
the Code, shall be registered by the Authority or the body governing
such profession constituted under a statute, as competent to do the
work for which they are employed. A guide for the equivalent
technical qualifications and professional experience required for
such registration with the Authority is given in Annex A. In case of
building and plumbing services, qualifications for engineers for
utility services shall be as given in A-2.8.
12.1 .9 In case the registered professional associated with the
preparation and signing of plans or for supervision, is being changed
during any stage of building/land development process, the
professional shall intimate the Authority in writing about the further
non-association with the project.
14 INSPECTION, OCCUPANCY PERMIT AND
POST-OCCUPANCY INSPECTION
14.2.1 The owner/concerned registered architect/engineer/structural
engineer/town planner will serve a notice/completion certificate to
the Authority that the building has been completed in all respects as
per the approved plans. The deviations shall also be brought to the
notice of the Authority (with relevant documents). The team of
building officials or its duly authorized representative shall then visit
the site and occupancy certificate shall be given in one instance.
18 ARCHITECTURAL CONTROL
18.1 Compliance with the provisions of the Code is adequate for
normal buildings. But for major public building complexes or
buildings coming up in an important area near historic/monumental
buildings and areas of heritage, the aesthetics of the whole scheme
may also have to be examined, vis-a-vis existing structures. In
addition, any development which may mar the general
characteristics and environment of historical, architectural or other
monuments should also be subject to the provisions of this clause.
This clause is intended to cover very few structures to come up in
the vicinity of other declared historically important structures, and
the scrutiny shall be limited to the external architectural features
only so as to ensure an aesthetic continuance of the existing
structures with the new. The scrutiny shall not deal with the routine
building plan scrutiny from other requirements of Code from the
point of view of structural safety and
functional requirements.
A-2 REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATION
AND COMPETENCE OF PROFESSIONALS
A-2.1 Architect
The minimum qualifications for an architect shall be the
qualifications as provided for in the Architects Act, 1972 for
registration with the Council of Architecture.
A-2.1.1 Competence
The registered architect shall be competent to carryout the work
related to the building/development permit as given below:
a) All plans and information connected with building permit except
engineering services of multistoreyed/special buildings given
in 12.2.5.1.
b) Issuing certificate of supervision and completion of all buildings
pertaining to architectural aspects.
c) Preparation of sub-divisionl layout plans and related information
connected with development permit of area up to 1 hectare for
metro-cities and 2 hectare for other places.
d) Issuing certificate of supervision for development of land of area
up to 1 hectare for metro-cities and 2 hectare for other places.`
A-2.2 Engineer
The minimum qualifications for an engineer shall be graduate in
civil engineering/architectural engineering of recognized Indian or
foreign university, or the Member of Civil Engineering
Division/Architectural Engineering Division of the Institution of
Engineers (India) or the statutory body governing such profession,
as and when established.
A-2.2.1 Competence
The registered engineer shall be competent to carryout the work
related to the building/development permit as given below:
All plans and information connected with building permit;
Structural details and calculations of buildings on plot up to 500 m2
and up to 5 storeys or 16 m in height; Issuing certificate of
supervision and completion for all buildings; Preparation of all
service plans and related information connected with development
Permit; and Issuing certificate of supervision for development of
land for all area.
A-2.3 Structural Engineer The minimum qualifications for a
structural engineer shall be graduate in civil engineering of
recognized Indian or foreign university, or Corporate Member of
Civil Engineering Division of Institution of Engineers (India), and
with minimum 3 years experience in structural engineering practice
with designing and field work.
NOTE—The 3 years experience shall be relaxed to 2 years in the
case of post-graduate degree of recognized Indian or foreign
university in the branch of structural engineering .In case of
doctorate in structural engineering, the experience required
would be one year.
A-2.3.1 Competence
The registered structural engineer shall be competent to prepare the
structural design, calculations and details for all buildings and
supervision.
A-2.3.1.1 In case of buildings having special structural features, as
decided by the Authority, which are within the horizontal areas and
vertical limits specified in A-2.2 .l(b) and A-2.4.l(a) shall be
designed only by structural engineers.
A-2.4 Supervisor
The minimum qualifications for a supervisor shall be diploma in
civil engineering or architectural assistantship, or the qualification in
architecture or engineering equivalent to the minimum qualification
prescribed for recruitment to non-gazetted service by the
Government of India plus 5 years experience in building design,
construction and supervision.
A-2.4.1 Competence
The registered supervisor shall be competent to carryout
the work related to the building permit as given below:
a) All plans and related information connected with building permit
for residential buildings on plot up to 100 m2 and up to two storeys
or 7.5 m in height; and
b) Issuing certificate of supervision for buildings as per (a).
A-2.5 Town Planner
The minimum qualification for a town planner shall
be the Associate Membership of the Institute of Town
Planners or graduate or post-graduate degree in town and country
planning.
A-2,5.1 Competence
The registered town planner shall be competent to carry out the
work related to the development permit as given below:
a) Preparation of plans for land sub-division/ layout and related
information connected with development permit for all areas.
b) Issuing of certificate of supervision for development of land of
all areas.
NOTE— However ,for land layouts for development permit above 5
hectare in area, landscape architect shall also be associated, and for
land development infrastructural services for roads, water supplies,
sewerage/ drainage, electrification, etc. the registered engineers for
utility services shall be associated.
A-2.6 Landscape Architect
The minimum qualification for a landscape architect shall be the
bachelor or master’s degree in landscape architecture or equivalent
from recognized Indian or foreign university.
A-2.6.1 Competence
The registered landscape architect shall be competent to carrv out
the work related to landscape design for building/development
permit for land areas 5 hectares and above. In case of metro-cities,
this limit of land area shall be 2 hectares and above.
NOTE— For smaller areas below the limits indicated above,
Association of landscape architect may also be considered from
the point of view of desired landscaped development.
A-2.7 Urban Designer
The minimum qualification for art urban designer shall be the
master’s degree in urban design or equivalent from recognized
Indian or foreign university.
A-2.7.1 Competence
The registered urban designer shall be competent to carryout the
work related to the building permit for urban design for land areas
more than 5 hectares and campus area more than 2 hectares. He /She
shall also be competent to carryout the work of urban renewal for all
areas.
NOTE— For smaller areas below the limits indicated above,
Association of urban designer may be considered from the point
of view of desired urban design.
A-2.8 Engineers for Utility Services
For buildings identified in 12.2.5.1, the work of building and
plumbing services shall be executed under the planning, design and
supervision of competent personnel. The qualification for registered
mechanical engineer (including HVAC), electrical engineer and
plumbing engineers for carrying out the work of Air conditioning,
Heating and Mechanical Ventilation, Electrical Installations, Lifts
and Escalators and Water Supply, Drainage, Sanitation and Gas
Supply installations respectively shall be as given in Part 8
‘Building Services’ and Part 9 ‘Plumbing Services’ or as decided by
the Authority taking into account practices of the National
professional bodies dealing with the specialist engineering services.
A-3 BUILDER CONSTRUCTOR ENTITY
The minimum qualification and competence for the
builder/constructor entity for various categories of building and
infrastructural development shall be as decided by the Authority to
ensure compliance of quality, safety and construction practices as
required under the Code.
ANNEX D
PROTECTION AGAINST TERMITE ATTACK
IN BUILDINGS
19.2 Chemical Methods Termites live in soil in large colonies
and damage the wooden structure in the buildings by eating up the
wood or building nests in the wood. Poisoning the soil under and
around the building is a normal recommended practice. Spraying of
chemical solution in the trenches of foundations in and around walls,
areas under floors before and after filling of earth, etc. In already
constructed building the treatment can be given by digging trenches
all around the building and then giving a liberal dose of chemicals
and then closing the trenches.
19.3 Wood Preservatives
Natural resistance against organisms of quite a few wood species
provides durability of timber without special protection measure. It
is a property of heartwood while sapwood is normally always
susceptible to attack by organisms. Preservatives should be well
applied with sufficient penetration into timber. For engineers,
architects and builders, the following are prime considerations for
choice of preservatives:
a) Inflammability of treated timber is not increased and mechanical
properties are not decreased;
b) Compatibility with the glue in laminated wood, plywood and
board material;
c) Water repellent effect is preferred;
d) Possible suitability for priming coat;
e) Possibility of painting and other finishes;
f) Non-corrosive nature fasteners; and
g) Influence on plastics, in case of metal rubber, tiles and concrete.
19.4 Constructional Method
Protection against potential problem of termite attack can simply be
carried out by ordinary good construction which prevents a colony
from gaining access by:
a) periodic visual observations on termite galleries to be broken
off
b) specially formed and properly installed metal
shield at plinth level; and
c) continuous floor slabs, apron floors and termite grooves on
periphery of buildings.
4 MODULAR CO-ORDINATION,
ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENT AND
FINISHES
7.3 Systems for Mixed/Composite Construction The system of
mixed/composite construction depends on the extent of the use of
prefabricated components, their materials, sizes and the technique
adopted for their manufacture and use in building.
7.3.1 Combinations of System Components for Mix &
Composite Construction
The following combinations may be used in mixed/ composite
constriction:
a) Structural steel work and timber roofs on precast frames.
b) Precast floors onto steel and concrete beams, and masonry walls.
c) Profiled metal decking on precast beams.
d) Precast frames onto cast in-situ foundations, retaining walls, etc.
e) Precast frames stabilized by masonry walls, steel bracing, etc.
f) Precast cladding in steel or cast in-situ frames and vice versa.
g) Glass curtain walling, stone cladding or metal sheeting onto
precast concrete frames, etc.
h) Reinforced concrete and structural steel as
composite columns and beams.
7.3.1.1 Precast concrete may be combined with cast in-situ concrete,
often termed hybrid construction. Cast in-situ is mostly used to form
homogeneous connections between precast elements and provide a
structural topping for horizontal diaphragm action. In other cases
it is used to form the foundations and sub-structure to the building.
7.3.1.2 Structural steelwork is largely used in long span pre stressed
concrete floors supported on rolled and prefabricated steel beams
and also as steel roof trusses supported on concrete columns.
7.3.1.3 Timber may be used as long span glue laminated beams and
rafters, with precast concrete .Precast floors may be used in timber
frame construction. Similarly, timber frames with precast
elements shall be used as a building system.
7.3.1.4 Brick and block masonry may be combined with precast
concrete structures and floors. The’ most common combinations is
to use pre stressed floors on load bearing walls.
7.4 Design’ Considerations
The mixed/composite structures shall be analyzed appropriately and
the joints in them designed to take the forces of an equivalent
discrete system. Resistance to horizontal loading shall be provided
by placing beams, walls and bracings in two directions at right
angles or otherwise. The individual components shall be designed,
taking into consideration appropriate end conditions and loads at
various stages of construction. The components of the structure shall
be designed for loads in accordance with Part 6 ‘Structural Design,
Section / Loads, Forces and Effects’. In addition, members shall be
designed for handling, erection and impact loads that may be
expected during handling and erection.
7.4.1 For mixed and composite construction the following points
shall be considered:
a )Positions of stability cores, walls, bracing,etc. — In high rise
buildings the most popular method is a cast in-situ core constructed
several storeys ahead of the framework. In medium height buildings
this may be precast concrete or brick infill, steel cross bracing or
precast concrete diagonal bracing.
b)Maturity of connections — This may be decisive for or alter
planned site progress unless it is properly managed. Cast in-situ
grouted joints need a few days of temporary propping unless
combined mechanical connections are also used.
c) As a consequence of the above, the need to design some of the
key components to achieve temporary stability.
d) The availability and or positioning of equipments to transport
and erect components — The size and weight of the various
components shall be organized to make optimum use of crane
capacity, for example, the lightest units farthest from the operating
zone.
e ) Erection safety and speed of construction,
with attention to cast in-situ concreting
sequences — This is particularly important where fixing gangs are
unaccustomed to working with different materials.
f) Tolerances for economical construction —This is particularly
important where different manufacturers are producing components
in different materials.
26.3.4 Maintenance Work Programmed
The programming of maintenance work can affect an owner or his
activities in the following ways:
a) maintenance work should be carried out at such times as are
likely to minimize any adverse effect on output or function.
b) programme should be planned to obviate as far as possible any
abortive work.
This may arise if upgrading or conversion
work is carried out after maintenance work has been completed or if
work such as rewiring is carried out after redecoration. any delay in
rectifying a defect should be kept to a minimum only if such delay is
likely to affect output or function. The cost of maintenance increases
with shortening response times. maintenance work, completed or
being carried out should comply with all statutory and other legal
requirements.
26.3.5 Maintenance Guides
An owner responsible for a large number of buildings may have
established procedures for maintenance. When an owner is
responsible for the maintenance of only one building or a small
number of buildings, the preparation of a guide tailored to suit each
particular building, can offer significant advantages. Such a guide
should take into account the following:
a) type of construction and residual life of the building, and
b) environment and intensity of use (see 26.3.2). The guide may
form part of a wider manual covering operational matters.
26.3.6 Planning of Maintenance Work
Work should take account of the likely maintenance cycle of each
building element and be planned logically, with inspections being
made at regular intervals. Annual plans should take into account
subsequent years’ programmed to incorporate items and to prevent
additional costs. It should be stressed that the design of some
buildings can lead to high indirect costs in maintenance contracts
and therefore, careful planning can bring financial benefits.
Decisions to repair or replace should be taken after due
consideration.
26.3.7 Feed Back
26.3.7.1 Feed back is normally regarded as an important procedure
of providing information about the behaviour of materials and
detailing for the benefit of the architect/engineer designing new
buildings, which will result in lessening maintenance costs. It is
an equally valuable source of information for the persons
responsible for maintenance. Every maintenance organization
should develop a sample way of communicating its know how,
firstly for benefit of others in the organization and secondly for the
benefit of the building industry as a whole. There should be frank
and recorded dialogue on an on-going basis between those who
occupy and care for buildings and those who design and construct
them.
26.3.7.2 Feed back should aim at the following:
a) User satisfaction,
b) Continuous improvement, and
c) Participation by all.
26.3.7.3 Source of information
The information on feed back can be obtained from
the following:
a) Occupants,
b) Inspections,
c) Records, and
d) Discussions.
26.3.8 Means of Effecting Maintenance
26.3.8.1 Responsibility
Some maintenance work will be carried out by the occupier of a
building or by the occupier’s representative. In the case of leasehold
or similar occupation not all maintenance may be the responsibility
of occupier. Responsibility of common areas may be clearly defined.
26.3.8.2 Maintenance work sub-divided into major repair,
restoration, periodical and routine or day-to-day operations will be
undertaken by one of the following:
a) Directly employed labour,
b) Contractors, and
c) Specialist contractors under service agreement
or otherwise.
26.3.8.3 The merits of each category for typical maintenance work
must be considered because optimum use of resources appropriate to
tasks in a given situation is an important element of policy.
26.3.8.4 The success of contracting out depends on the nature of the
services, conditions in which contracting is undertaken (the
tendering process), how the contract is formulated and subsequent
monitoring of service quality. The important consideration in the
decision to contract out is whether a contractor can ensure a socially
desirable quantity and quality of service provision at, a reasonable
cost to the consumers.
26.4 Access
26.4.1 General
All maintenance activities including any preliminary survey and
inspection work require safe access and in some situations this will
have to be specially designed. Maintenance policy, and maintenance
costs, will be much influenced by ready or difficult access to the
fabric and to building services. Special precautions and access
provisions may also need to be taken for roof
28 REPAIRS AND SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF
BUILDINGS
28.1 General Principles and Concepts
28.1.1 Non-structural/Architectural Repairs
28.1.1.1 The buildings affected by earthquake may suffer both non-
structural and structural damages. Nonstructural repairs may cover
the damages to civil and electrical items including the services in the
building. Repairs to non-structural components need to be taken up
after the structural repairs are carried out. Care should be taken
about the connection details of architectural components to the main
structural components to ensure their stability,
28.1.1.2 Non-structural and architectural components get easily
affected/dislocated during the earthquake. These repairs involve one
or more of the following:
a) Patching up of defects such as cracks and fall of plaster;
b) Repairing doors, windows, replacement of
glass panes;
c) Checking and repairing electric conduits/ wiring;
d) Checking and repairing gas pipes, water pipes and plumbing
services;
e) Re-building non-structural walls, smoke chimneys, parapet walls,
etc;
f) Re-plastering of walls as required;
g) Rearranging disturbed roofing tiles;
h) Relaying cracked flooring at ground level; and
i) Redecoration — whitewashing, painting, etc.
The architectural repairs as stated above do not restore the original
structural strength of structural components in the building and any
attempt to carry out only repairs to architectural/non-structural
elements neglecting the required structural repairs may have serious
implications on the safety of the building. The damage would be
more severe in the event of the building being shaken by the similar
shock because original energy absorption capacity of the building
would have been reduced.
28.1.2 Structural Repairs
28.1.2.1 Prior to taking up of the structural repairs and strengthening
measures, it is necessary to conduct detailed damage assessment to
determine:
a) the structural condition of the building to decide whether a
structure is amendable for repair; whether continued occupation is
permitted; to decide the structure as a whole or a part require
demolition, if considered dangerous;
b) if the structure is considered amendable for repair then detailed
damage assessment of the individual structural components
(mapping of the crack pattern, distress location; crushed concrete,
reinforcement bending/yielding, etc). Non-destructive testing
techniques could be employed to determine the residual strength of
the members; and
c) to work out the details of temporary supporting arrangement of
the distressed member so that they do not undergo further distress
due to gravity loads.
28.1.2.2 After the assessment of the damage of individual structural
elements, appropriate repair methods are to be carried out
component wise depending upon the extent of damage. The repair
may consist of the following:
a) Removal of portions of cracked masonry walls and piers and
rebuilding them in richer mortar. Use of non-shrinking mortar will
be preferable.
b) Addition of reinforcing mesh on both faces
of the cracked wall, holding it to the wall through spikes or bolts and
then covering it, suitably, with cement mortar or micro concrete.
c) Injecting cement or epoxy like material which is strong in tension,
into he cracks in walls.
d) The cracked reinforced cement elements may be repaired by
epoxy grouting and could be strengthened by epoxy or polymer
mortar application like shotcreting, jecketting, etc.
28.1.3 Seismic Strengthening
The main purpose of the seismic strengthening is to upgrade the
seismic resistance of a damaged building while repairing so that it
becomes safer under future earthquake occurrences. This work may
involve some of the following actions:
a) Increasing the lateral strength in one or both directions by
increasing column and wall areas or the number of walls and
columns.
b) Giving unity to the structure, by providing a proper connection
between its resisting elements, in such a way that inertia forces
generated by the vibration of the building can be transmitted to the
members that have the ability to resist them. Typical important
aspects are the connections between roofs or floors and walls,
between intersecting walls and between walls and foundations.
c) Eliminating features that are sources of weakness or that produce
concentration of stresses in some members. Asymmetrical plan
distribution of resisting members, abrupt changes of stiffness from
one floor to the other, concentration of large masses and large
openings in walls without a proper peripheral reinforcement are
examples of defects of this kind.
d) Avoiding the possibility of brittle modes of failure by proper
reinforcement and connection of resisting members.
ANNEX A
(Clause 2.1.2)
PROGRAMME EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE,
AND CRITICAL PATH METHOD
A-O INTRODUCTION
A-O.1 Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and
Critical Path Method (CPM) are modern management tools or
devices, which have made it possible to achieve considerable
savings in cost and time of construction. They can be used with
advantage for demolition, constructional safety and fire protection
measures, by including them in the list of activities (also called
events) along-side with other ‘events’ of the project.
A-O.2 Advance Planning
A-O.2.1 PERT and CPM enable us to achieve judicious employment
and utilization of resources, such as labour, materials, and
equipment by pre-determining the various stages, listing out the
various activities and drawing out ‘Arrow Network Diagram’.
A-O.3 Synchronization of Sub-Projects
A-O.3.1 Another extremely important advantage of CPM is that
various factors influencing completion of a project can be
scientifically planned to be coordinated such that the completion of
various sub-projects and services, such as furniture, sewage,
electricity and water supply synchronises.
A-1 PREPARATION OF CPM CHART (LISTING
OUT THE ACTIVITIES)
A-1.l The most important step in preparation of CPM
network is to list out the activities involved to the minutest details.
For example, a few activities in case of a building project are given
below:
a) Planning and designing of building by architect, engineer and
approved of plans by the Authority.
b) Making the land available.
c) Outlining detailed specifications.
d) Procurement of materials, such as sand, cement, stone and timber
and plants, such as concrete mixer, vibrators, water pump for curing.
e) Soil explorations and trial pits.
f) Excavation in foundations, including demolition, if needed.
g) Construction safety aspects specially in case of pile foundations.
h) Blasting if required (for deep foundations).
j) Fire protection measures.
2.2 Conventional Symbols
The architectural symbols that are to be used in all drawings, wiring
plans, etc, for electrical installations in buildings shall be as given in
Annex A.
For other graphical symbols used in electrotechnology, reference
may be made to good practice [8-2(1)].
3.1 Conformity with Electricity Act 2003 and Rules
Amended Up-to-date
The installation shall generally be carried out in conformity with the
requirements of The Electricity Act, 2003 as amended up-to-date
and the Indian
Electricitricity Rules, 1956 framed there under and also the
relevant regulations of the Electric Supply Authority concerned as
amended from time to time. Extracts from the Indian Electricity
Rules, 1956, referred to in this section, are given in Annex B.
NOTE — Indian Electricity Rules which are being revised would
become applicable on their notification.
4.1.3 Co-ordination
Proper co-ordination and collaboration between the architect, civil
engineer and the electrical and mechanical engineer shall be effected
from the planning stage of the installation. The provisions that will
be needed for the accommodation of substation, transformer,
switchrooms, service cable ducts, rising mains and distribution
cables, sub-distribution boards, openings and chases in floors and
walls for all required electrical installations, etc, shall be specified in
advance.
4.1.4 Before starting wiring and installation of fittings and
accessories, information should be exchanged between the owner of
the building/architect/electrical contractor and the local supply
authority in respect of tariffs applicable, types of apparatus that may
be connected under each tariff, requirement of space for installing
meters, switches, etc, and for total load requirements of lights, fans
and power.
4.1.5 While planning an installation, consideration should be taken
of the anticipated increase in the use of electricity for lighting,
general purpose socket outlet, kitchen heating, etc. It is essential that
adequate provision should be made for all the services which may
be.required immediately and during the intended useful life of the
building, for the householder may otherwise be tempted to carry
out extension of the installation himself or to rely upon use of
multiplug adopters and long flexible cords, both of which are not
recommended.

10 TELECOMMUNICATION AND OTHER
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
10.1 Telecommunication Service
10.1.1 House wiring of telephone subscribers offices in small
buildings is normally undertaken by the Telephone Department on
the surface of walls. But in large multi- storeyed buildings intended
for commercial, business and office use as well as for
residential purposes, wiring for telephone connections is generally
done in a concealed manner through conduits.
10.1.2 The requirements of telecommunication facilities like
Telephone connections, Private Branch Exchange,
Intercommunication facilities, Telex and Telegraph lines are to be
planned well in advance so that suitable provisions are made in the
building plan in such a way that the demand for telecommunication
services in any part of the building at any floor are met at any time
during the life of the building.
10.1.3 Layout arrangements, methods for internal block wiring and
other requirements regarding provisions of space, etc, may be
decided defending as the number of phone outlets and other details
in consultation with Engineer/Architect and user.
10.3.2 Master antenna is generally provided at the top
most convenient point in any building and a suitable room on the top
most floor or terrace for housing the amplifier unit, etc, may also be
provided in consultation with the architect/engineer.
10.3.3 From the amplifier rooms, conduits are laid in recess to
facilitate drawing co-axial cable to individual flats. Suitable ‘Tap
Off’ boxes may be provided in every room/flat as required.
11.1 Basic Considerations for Lightning Protection a) Ensure a
close liaison between the architect, the builder, the lightning
protective system engineer, and the appropriate authorities
throughout the design stages.
b) Agree the procedures for testing, commissioning and future
maintenance.
Installation of Lifts and Escalators
1.2 This Section gives information that should be exchanged
among the architect, the consulting engineer and the liftiescalator
manufacturer from the stage of planning to installation including
maintenance.
3 GENERAL
3.1 The appropriate aspect of lift and escalator installation shall be
discussed during the preliminary planning of the building with all
the concerned parties, namely, client, architect, consulting engineer
and/or lift/escalator manufacturer. This enables the lift/escalator
manufacturer to furnish the architect and/or consulting engineer with
the proposed layout on vice-versa.
3.2 Exchange of Information
3.2.1 If the proposed installation is within the scope of 6, the
guidelines laid down together with Fig. 1 will enable the preliminary
scheme for the installation to be established. Figure 1 shows only
some of the typical arrangements and variations are possible with
respect to number of lifts and the layout,
Although the recommended outline for the various classes of lifts
given in 6 enables the general planning details to be determined by
the architect, these should be finally settled at the earliest possible
stage by detailed investigation with the purchaser’s representative
reaching agreement with the lift maker where necessary before an
order is finally placed. This will enable a check to be made and
information to be exchanged on such vital matters as:
a) the number, capacity, speed and disposition of the lifts necessary
to give adequate lift service in the proposed building.
b) the provision of adequate access to the machine room.
c) The loads which the lift will impose on the building structure, and
the holes to be left in the machine room floor and cut-outs for wall
boxes for push-buttons and signals;
d) The necessity for and type of insulation to minimize the
transmission of vibration and noise to other parts of the building;
e) The special requirements of local authorities and other
requirements set out in the ‘planning permit’;
f) The need for the builder to maintain accuracy of building as to
dimensions and in plumb;
g) The periods of time required for preparation and approval of
relevant drawings for manufacturing and the installation of the lift
equipment;
h) The requirements for fixing guide brackets to the building
structure;
i) The time at which electric power will be required before
completion to allow for testing;
j) requirements for electrical supply feeders, etc;
k) The requirements for scaffolding in the lift well and protection of
the lift well prior to and during installation of equipment; and
l) Delivery and storage of equipment.
3.2.2 Information to be Provided by Architect or
Engineer
As a result of preliminary discussion (see also 6), the drawings of
the building should give the following particulars and finished sizes:
a) Number, type and size of lifts and position of lift well;
b) Particulars of lift well enclosure;
c) Size, position, number and type of landing doors;
d) Number of floors served by the lift;
e) Height between floor levels;
f) Number of entrances;
g) Total headroom;
h) Provision of access to machine room;
i) Provision of ventilation and, if possible, natural lighting of
machine room;
j) Height of machine room;
k) Depth of lift pit;
l) Position of lift machine, above or below lift well;
m) Size and position of any trimmer joists or stanchions adjacent to
the lift well at each floor;
n) Size and position or supporting steel work at roof levels;
o) Size and position of any footings or grillage foundations, if these
are adjacent to the lift pit; and
p) In the case of passenger lifts whether the lift cage is required to
carry household luggage, such as refrigerator, steel almirah, etc.
3.2.2.2 The architect/engineer should advise the lift manufacturer, if
the Authority has any special requirements regarding lifts in
buildings in the administrative area concerned.
3.2.2.4 The architect/engineer should inform the lift/ escalator
manufacturer of the dates when the erection of the lift/escalator may
be commenced and is to be completed so that sufficient time is
allowed for the manufacture and erection of the lift/escalator.
3.2.2.5 When submitting application for a building permit to the
local Authority, the building plans shall include the details of lifts
(number of lifts duly numbered, location, type, type of doors,
passenger capacity and speed).
3.2.3 Working Drawings to be Prepared by the Lift/Escalator
Manufacturer
The lift/escalator manufacturer requires sufficient information for
the preparation of working drawings and is usually obtained from
architect’s drawings supplemented by any information obtained
from the site and by collaboration with tie other contractors.
3.2.3.1 Working drawings showing the layout of lift/escalator duly
numbered, details of builders work, for example, holes in walls for
guide fixing, holes in machine room floor for ropes and conduits,
recesses for landing sills, supports for lift/escalator machine and
loads imposed on the building should be submitted by the
liftiescalator manufacturer to the architect/engineer for written
approval.
3.3 Electrical Requirement
For information of the electrical engineer, the lift/escalator
manufacturer should advise the architect engineer of his electrical
requirements. This information should be available early in the
planning stage so that the electrical supply requirements of the
lift(s)/escalator(s) may be included in the electrical provisions of the
building and that suitable cables and switchgear may be provided.
3.4 The requirements given under 4 to 13 deal with installation of
lifts and 14 deal with the installation of escalators.
4 ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Conformity with Lifts Act and Rules
The installation shall be generally carried out in conformity with
Lifts Act and Rules there under, wherever they are in force.
4.1.1 It is the responsibility of the owner of the premises where the
lift will be installed, to obtain necessary permission from the
Authority before and after the erection of lifts and for subsequent
operation of lift(s).
4.2 Conformity with Indian Electricity Act and
Rules All electrical work in connection with installation of
electric lifts shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of
The Indian Electricity Act, 2003 and the provisions framed there
under as amended from time to time, and shall also comply with the
other provisions of Part 8 ‘Building Services, Section 2
Electrical and Allied Installations’.
4.3 Conformity with Indian Standards
4.3.1 All materials, fittings, appliances etc used in electrical
installation shall conform Indian Standard specifications wherever
these exist. In case of materials for which Indian Standard
specifications do not exist, the materials shall be approved by the
competent authority. For detailed specification for lifts, reference
shall be made to accepted standards [8-5(2)].
4.9 Planning for Dimensions
4.9.1 General
The dimensions of lift well have been chosen to accommodate the
doors inside the well which is the normal practice. In special cases,
the door may be accommodated in a recess in the front wall, for
which prior consultation shall be made with the lift manufacturer.
4.9.2 Plan Dimensions
4.9.2.1 All Plan dimensions of lift well are the minimum clear
plumb sizes. The architect/engineer, in conjunction with the builder,
shall ensure that adequate tolerances are included in the building
design so that the specified minimum clear plumb dimensions are
obtained in the finished work.
NOTE — The words ‘clear plumb dimensions’ should be noted
particularly in case of high rise buildings.
3 PERMIT
3.1 Application for Licence or Permit and Required
Drawings Any development project for which a permit or Iicence

is required, shall make application to the Authority on the prescribed
form containing such particulars as the Authority may require. The
form shall be signed by the owner and shall include the information
given in 3.2 to 3.4. For various aspects of obtaining the permit, etc
reference shall be made to Part 2 ‘Administration’.
3.2 Site Plan Contents and Specifications
3.2.1 Site Plan
The site plan to be submitted with the application for permit shall
be drawn to a scale of not less than 1 in 500 for a site up to one
hectare and not less than 1 in 1000 for site more than 10 hectare.
The following information shall be provided in addition to
requirements for Site Plan as stated in, part 2 ‘Administration’:
a) Existing and proposed topographic contours at interval not
exceeding 50, cm and/or spot elevations as pertinent and Bench
Mark of site with reference to the City Datum relative to the Mean
Sea Level.
b) Limits of the 100 year flood plain and water surface elevation
(when applicable).
c) Location of existing major physical features, such as railway
track, drainage ways etc.
d) Location of service utilities adjacent to the project with relevant
top and invert levels clearly indicated.
e) Point of egress and ingress including locations and width of road.
f) Fully dimensioned loading spaces and maneuvering areas.
g) Parking including, location, parking spaces, size and number, and
typical parking space details for both handicapped and standard
spaces.
h) Vehicular, bicycle, pedestrian and handicapped circulation clearly
identified.
i) Detail for parking areas including type of lighting, material for
paving, and security rooms, rest rooms; and type of directional
signage etc.
j) Drainage system, proposed finish ground elevations and finish
grades.
l) Location of proposed fire hydrant points.
m) Location and dimension of fire lanes.
n) Proposed lighting layout.
o) Landscape irrigation points and source of water.
p) Fences, walls, or vegetation for screening by type, material,
height, location, and spacing.
q) Location of proposed street furniture.
t) Refuse container location, size, and access.
u) Landscape paving materials with location.
v) Location, type, size, and height of existing and proposed signage.
w) List of existing trees with botanical and common names and
height of the tree (see 4.1.2 for plant material schedule).
x) Prior approvals.
4.1.1 Timing of Construction
Construction work and erosion control applications shall be
scheduled and sequenced during dry weather periods when the
potential for erosion is the lowest. Slope protection techniques to
control erosion shall be used when construction during wet season is
unavoidable. Sedimentation collection systems, drainage systems,
and runoff diversion devices shall be installed before construction
activity. The Landscape Architect/Architect/Engineer-in-charge
shall monitor the site conditions and progress of work and schedule
appropriate timing and sequencing of construction
Existing drainage patterns through or into any preservation area
shall not be modified unless specifically directed by the Landscape
Architect/Architect/Engineer-in-charge.
Existing grades shall be maintained around existing vegetation and
lowering or raising the levels around the vegetation is not allowed
unless specifically directed by the Landscape
Architect/Architect/Engineer-in-charge. Maintenance activities shall
be performed as needed to ensure that the vegetation remains
healthy.
The preserved vegetated area shall be inspected by the Landscape
Architect/ Architect/Engineer-in-charge at regular intervals so that
they remain undisturbed. The date of inspection, type of
maintenance or restorative action followed shall be recorded in the
logbook.
LAND SCAPE
8 SPECIFICATIONS FOR PLANTING WORKS
The requirements relating to plant materials and other
materials; execution of work of tree planting, shrub planting
and grassing; maintenance; etc shall be as given in 8.1 to 8.6.
The contractor shall furnish all materials, labour and related
items necessary to complete the work indicated on drawing and
specified herein and shall carry out maintenance of the premises
for 12 months after completion of the work or as specified by the
landscape architect.
All plant material shall be protected from sun and adverse weather
until planted. Nursery stock shall be inspected and approved by the
landscape architect and the horticulturist Botanist shall do the
botanical authenticity of the selected species.
8.2 Execution
8.2.1 Fine Grading Grades will be smooth and even on a uniform
plane without abrupt changes or pockets and slope away from the
buildings. The nominated landscape contractor will
verify the surface drainage of plating areas and notify the landscape
architect of any discrepancies, obstructions or other conditions
considered detrimental to proper execution of the work and plant
growth
8.6.7 Clean-Up Works -There shall be areas designated by
landscape architect for the contractor to carry out clean-up works.
These shall include the following:
a) Removal of dead and/or overhanging branches of existing trees,
palms, shrubs and groundcovers.
b) Removal of any garbage and unsightly foreign materials.
c) Removal of dead vines and plant materials.
The contractor shall prevent damages to the existing plant materials,
identified to be conserved. The plant materials that are to be
conserved if damaged beyond use during the clean-up operations,
the contractor shall be liable to replace the plant materials at their
own expense.
3.2.4 Temporary Signs
3.2.4.1 Construction site signs
Construction signs, engineers’ and architects’ signs and other
similar signs which may be authorized by the Authority in
connection with construction operations.